Disease Causative agent Incubation Pathopneumonic Mode of Period of Diagnostic test Tx complications

period sign transmission communicabililty

1.cholera Vibrio cholerae 12-46 hrs Rice watery Oral-fecal 1. Dehydration
stool Ingestion of LR , ORS 2. saline losss
fecally 3. acidosis
contaminated 4. shock
water 5. death
6. carrier of
cholera
2.rotavirus rotavirus Approx. 2 Watery Fld replenishment, 1.dehydration
days bloodless stool stand coke 2. shock
Pedialite (children)

3. typhoid fever Salmonella 1-3 weeks Rose spots As long as -Widal’s test Chlorampenicol, 1. GI bleeding
typhii typhoid bacilli typhoid vaccine, fld 2. bowel
appear in excreta replenishment, bed perforation
rest, TPN 3. typhoid
encephalopa
thy
4. endocarditis
5. meningitis
6. pneumonia
7. septicemia
4.Botulism Clostridium 18-36 hrs. Double vision, Contaminated -Brain scan Botulism 1. respiratory failure
botulinum blurred vision, food and water -Spinal fld exam immunoglobulin,
drooping eyelids -EMG BIG-IV (Baby BIG),
-tensilon test gastric lavage, mech
vent., suction,
intubation, ngt feed,
fld replenish
5. trichinosis Trichinella Ingestion of
spiralis worm living in
pork and other
meats (dog,
horse, bear,
walrus)
6.toxocariasis Toxocara canis Eggs found in
visceral and dog feces
ocular larva Kids eating dirt
migrans)
7. creeping Ancyclostoma Eggs in cat/dog
eruption, brazilien feces drop in
cutaneous larva soil and enter a
migrans cut
8. angiostron- Angiostrongylus
gyliasis cantonenis (rat Rat dropping
lung worm)
9. Gnathostoma Raw
gnathostomiasis spinigerum fish/poultry
Disease Causative agent Incubation Pathopneumonic Mode of Period of Diagnostic test Tx complications
period sign transmission communicabililty
10. Schistosoma Direct skin -Praziquantel (all) Kidney-bladder
schistosomiasis manzoni, contact -omanique obstruction, chronic
Japonicum, (manzoni,japonucim) renal failure, bladder
haemotobium -metrifonate cancer, chronic liver
(haemotobium) damage w/ enlarge
spleen, colon
inflammation w/
bloody diarrhea,
pulmo HPN, R side
heart failure, seizure,
recurrent bld
infections
11. Paragonimus Ingestion of
paragonimiasis westermani raw crabs
(lung fluke)
12 Filariasis Wutcheria 8-16 mo Mosquito bites Diethylcarbamazine Recurring infections,
brancofti, brugia (DEC)/ herzatan, fever, sever
malayi, Surgical: inflammation of the
onchocera lymphovenous lymph system,
volvulus anastomosis, ligation tropical pulmo.
or stripping of Eosinophilia (TPE),
lymphatics elephantiasis
13. ascariasis Ascaris Comntaminated
lumbricoides soil from
(round worm) fertilizers.
Grows in the
intestine
14. necator Necator Feces in soil
americanus americanus and larvae enter
(hook worm) a skin cut,
invade lungs
15. trichuriasis Trichuris In soil
trichura (whip accidentally
worm) ingester,
grow:SI/LI
16. Enterobiasis Enterobius Adult worm
vemicularis (pin live in the
worm) intestine and
come down to
the anus
17.leprosy Mycobacterium Prolonged skin- Tissue smear Dapsone,
leprae/ hansen’s to-skin contact -histamine test clopamizine,
bacillus metacholine sweat rifampicin
testing
-skin biopsy
18. rocky Rickettsia 5-10 days rash Indirect Doxycycline
mountain ricketsii immunofluorescent Alternative:
spotted Fever (dermacentor assay (IFA) chlorampenicol
variabilis,
andersoni)
19. impetigo s. aureus Direct contact Gram stain, Topical: mupirocin Post streptococcal
contagiosa cultures ointment (bactroban) glomerulonephritis,
Systemic antibiotics: meningitis or sepsis,
cephalexin (keplex), deep cellulites,
erythromycin bacteremia,
osteomyelitis, septic
arthritis, pneumonia,
lymphadenitis
20.Leptospirosis Leptospira 7-19 days Skin contact Dark field exam or
interrogans csf, culture, micr