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where c is the speed of light in vacuum and v is the speed of light in the medium.
To add on, the refractive index of vacuum = 1 (speed of light in vacuum / speed of light in
vacuum) and since light travels fastest in a vacuum, the refractive index of a medium is always
greater than 1. Note that the refractive index of air is 1.0003, which is close enough to that of
a vacuum to be used as an approximation for practical purposes, but the vacuum is still the
ideal reference with its perfect refractive index of 1.
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