821.

Withasmallwedgeremovedfromtheannularring,thedomainbeforeweldingissinglyconnected
with02.Afterwelding,thestressfieldisaxisymmetric,butwithatangentialdisplacementu

(unlikeatypicalaxisymmetricproblem).Thegeneralsolutionforanaxisymmetricstressfieldcanbe
obtainedbyusinganaxisymmetricAirystressfunction,=(r),asgivenin(8.3.7)ofthetextbook.The
resultingstressfieldisgivenin(8.3.8).Forthecaseofplanestress,thedisplacementisobtainedin
(8.3.9).Notethatthetangentialdisplacementissinglevaluedfor02.Droppingthetermsfor
rigidbodymotion,wehave
( ) ( ) ( )
(

+ + +
+
= r a r a r r a a
r E
u
r
v v v
v
1 2 1 ln 1 2
1 1
2 3 3 1

(1)
3
4
a
E
r
u
u
u
=

(2)
Bytheboundarycondition, ( ) ( ) r r u r u o o t
u u
= 0 , 2 , ,weobtain
( ) t
o
o t
o
8 2 4
3
E E
a ~

=

(3)(assuming<<2)
Thus,thestressfieldis
( )
2 2
1
2 ln 2 1
8
a
r
a
r
E
r
+ + + =
t
o
o

(4)
( )
2 2
1
2 ln 2 3
8
a
r
a
r
E
+ + =
t
o
o
u

(5)
Bytheboundaryconditions, 0 =
r
o atr=r
1
andr
2
.Thus
( ) 0 2 ln 2 1
8
2 2
1
1
1
= + + + a
r
a
r
E
t
o

(6)
( ) 0 2 ln 2 1
8
2 2
2
1
2
= + + + a
r
a
r
E
t
o

(7)
Subtractionof(7)from(6)leadsto
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
1
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
ln
4 r
r
r r
r r E
a
t
o

(8)
and
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|

+ + =
1
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
1 2
ln
2
ln 2 1
8
2
r
r
r r
r
r
E
a
t
o

(9)
Finally,thestressfieldisobtainedas
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
1
2
2 2
1
2
2
2
1
2 2
2
1
ln
) (
) (
ln
4 r
r
r r r
r r r
r
r E
r
t
o
o

(10)
|
|
.
|

\
|

+
+ =
1
2
2 2
1
2
2
2
1
2 2
2
1
ln
) (
) (
ln 1
4 r
r
r r r
r r r
r
r E
t
o
o
u

(11)

826.TheAirystressfunctionfortheFlamantproblem(withthenormalforceonly)is
( ) y x P
y
x Px
r a
P
, arctan
2
cos
15
|
t
t
u u | =
(

|
|
.
|

\
|
= =

Considertwoconcentratednormalforceofthesamemagnitudebutoppositedirections,actingonthe
surfacewithaseparationd.TheresultantmomentofthecoupleisM=Pd.ThecorrespondingAiry
stressfunctioncanbeobtainedbysuperimposingtwostressfunctionsfortheconcentratedforces:
( ) ( )
(

|
|
.
|

\
|
= =
y
x Px
y x y x
P
arctan
2
, ,
1
t
t
| |
( ) ( )
(

|
|
.
|

\
| +

+
= + =
y
d x d x P
y d x y x
P
arctan
2
) (
, ,
2
t
t
| |

and
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) | |
( ) ( )
x
M
d
y x y d x
M
y d x y x P
y d x y x y x
P P M
c
c
=
+
=
+ =
+ =
|
| |
| |
| | |
, ,
, ,
, , ,

Thelaststepisreachedbytakingtheseparationdtozerointhelimitingprocessforaconcentrated
moment.Thus,theAirystressfunctionforthehalfplanesubjecttoaconcentratedsurfacemomentis
( )
| | u u u
t
t t
t
|
|
cos sin
arctan
1
2
1
arctan
2
,
2 2
=
(

|
|
.
|

\
|
=
(

|
|
.
|

\
|

c
c
=
c
c
=
M
y x
y x
y
x
M
y
x x x
x
M
x
M y x
M

Thereforethestressfieldis
u u
t u
| |
o cos sin
4 1 1
2 2
2
2
r
M
r r r
M M
r
=
c
c
+
c
c
=

0
2
2
=
c
c
=
r
M
|
o
u

u
t u
|
o
u
2
2
sin
2 1 1
r
M
r r r
M
r
=
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
c
c
=

827.TheAirystressfunctionfortheFlamantproblem(withthenormalforceonly)is
( ) y x P
y
x Px
r a
P
, arctan
2
cos
15
|
t
t
u u | =
(

|
|
.
|

\
|
= =

(1)
Foradistributedsurfaceload,thestressfunctioncanbeobtainedbyintegration(Principleof
superposition):
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) | | ay a x y a x y
p
d
y
x
x
p
pd y x y x
a
a
a
a
+ + + + + =
(

|
|
.
|

\
|
=
=
}
}

2 2
1
2 2
2
) ( ) (
2
arctan
2
, ,
u u
t

t
| |

where
|
|
.
|

\
| +
=
y
a x
arctan
2
1
t
u and
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
y
a x
arctan
2
2
t
u .Thederivativesofthestressfunctionare
calculatedasfollows:
( ) ( )
| |
1 2
1
1 2 2
2
2 2 2
) ( ) (
) ( 2 ) ( ) ( 2 ) (
2
u u
t
u
u
u
u
t
|
a x a x
p
a x
x
a x y a x
x
a x y
p
x
+ =
(

+
c
c
+ + +
c
c
+ =
c
c

( ) ( )
| | ) (
2 ) ( 2 ) (
2
1 2
1
1 2 2
2
2 2 2
u u
t
u
u
u
u
t
|
+ =
(

c
c
+ + +
c
c
+ =
c
c
y a
p
y
y
a x y y
y
a x y
p
y

| | ) 2 sin( ) 2 sin( ) ( 2
2 ) ( ) (
) (
1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2
2
u u u u
t
u u
t
|
o + =
(

|
|
.
|

\
|
+ +
+

+

+ =
c
c
=
p
y a x
a x
y a x
a x
y
p
y
x
| | ) 2 sin( ) 2 sin( ) ( 2
2 ) (
) (
) (
) (
) (
1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2
2
u u u u
t
u u
t
|
o + =
(

+ +
+
+
+

=
c
c
=
p
y a x
y a x
y a x
y a x p
x
y
| | | | ) 2 cos( ) 2 cos(
2
sin sin
) ( ) (
1 2 1
2
2
2
2 2
2
2 2
2 2
u u
t
u u
t t
|
o = =
(

+ +

+
=
c c
c
=
p p
y a x
y
y a x
y p
y x
xy

Thesameresultisreachedinthetextbookbyadifferentapproach.
Bystresstransformation(seeProblem34),themaximumshearstressis
| | | | ( )
1 2
2
1 2
2
1 2
2
2
max
sin ) 2 cos( ) 2 cos( ) 2 sin( ) 2 sin(
2 2
u u
t
u u u u
t
o
o o
t = + = +
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
p p
xy
y x

ItcanbeseeninFig.824that0<
2

1
</2andhencesin(
2

1
)>0.
Toplotthedistribution,considerasquaredomain,3a<x<3aand0<y<6a.Calculatethemaximum
shearstressandplotthecontourbyMatlab.

834.Thestressfieldin(8.4.61)representsthesolutiontopurebendingofthecurvedbeam.Withthe
endloadingsMandT,thestressfieldisthesuperpositionoftwo,oneforthemomentM(purebending)
andtheotherfortheforceT.ThesuggestedAirystressfunctionthereforeshouldgivethestressfieldin
thecurvedbeamsubjecttotheendforceonly.
u | cos ln
3
(

+ + + = r Dr Cr
r
B
Ar
u
u
| |
o cos
2
2
1 1
3 2
2
2
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
c
c
+
c
c
=
r
D
r
B
Ar
r r r
r

u
|
o
u
cos
2
6
3 2
2
|
.
|

\
|
+ + =
c
c
=
r
D
r
B
Ar
r

u
u
|
o
u
sin
2
2
1
3
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
c
c
=
r
D
r
B
Ar
r r
r

Theboundaryconditionsrequirethat 0 = =
u
o o
r r
forr=aandb.Thus
0
2
2
3
= +
a
D
a
B
Aa
0
2
2
3
= +
b
D
b
B
Ab

Attheend=0,theresultantforceis
T
a
b
D
a b
B a b A dr
b
a
=
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
}
ln )
1 1
( ) ( 3
2 2
2 2
u
o
Solvingtheabovethreeequations,weobtainthat
) ( ) / ln( ) (
1
2
2 2 2 2
a b a b b a
T
A
+
=
) ( ) / ln( ) ( 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
a b a b b a
b a T
B
+
=
) ( ) / ln( ) (
) (
2 2 2 2
2 2
a b a b b a
b a T
D
+
+
=
Toconfirmthissolvestheintendedproblem,confirmtheotherendconditions:
( ) 0 0 = =
}
dr
b
a
r
u o
u

( ) T dr
b
a
r
= =
}
2 / t u o
u

( ) 0 2 / = =
}
dr
b
a
t u o
u

Inaddition,theresultantmomentateachendis
( ) 0 2 / = =
}
rdr
b
a
t u o
u

( ) 0 0 = =
}
rdr
b
a
u o
u

Notethattheresultantmomentabouttheorigin(r=0)iszeroatbothends.At=0,thedistributionof
thehoopstresshasanonzeronetmomentaboutthecenterofthesection(r=(a+b)/2).Therefore,
whentheresultantendforceTisplacedatthecenterofthesection,aresultantmomentofmagnitude
T(a+b)/2(clockwisew.r.t.thecenterofthesection)mustbeincluded(staticallyequivalentforce
systems).IftheendloadingsarespecifiedwithaforceT(atthecenterofthesection)andamomentM,
thestressfieldcanbeobtainedbysuperimposingthestressfielddevelopedabovewiththestressfield
forthepurebendingwithamomentM+T(a+b)/2(counterclockwisepositive).

837.Thebodyforceduetorotationis: r b
r
2
e = .Thecorrespondingpotentialfunctionis:
2 2
2
1
r V e = .Theproblemisaxisymmetric,withtheAirystressfunction ) (r | | = ,whichsatisfies
theequation(assumingplanestress)
V
2 4
) 1 ( V = V v |
whichgivesanordinarydifferentialequation:
2
2
2
2
2
) 1 ( 2
1 1
e v
| |
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
dr
d
r dr
d
dr
d
r dr
d

SolvingtheODE,weobtain
4 3
2
2
2
1
4 2
ln ln
32
1
C r C r C r r C r + + + +

= e
v
|
Thestressfieldisthen:
( )
2
3
2 1
2 2 2 2
2 ln 2 1
2
1
8
1
r
C
C r C r r
r
+ + + +

= e e
v
o
( )
2
3
2 1
2 2 2 2
2 ln 2 3
2
1
8
) 1 ( 3
r
C
C r C r r + + +

= e e
v
o
u

Similartootheraxisymmetricproblems(seeSection8.3.2),C
1
=0isrequiredtoensureasinglevalued
displacement.Theboundaryconditionsatr=aandbrequirethat
0 2
2
1
8
1
2
3
2
2 2 2 2
= + +

a
C
C a a e e
v

0 2
2
1
8
1
2
3
2
2 2 2 2
= + +

b
C
C b b e e
v

Thesetwoequationsaresolvedby
2 2 2
3
8
3
b a C e
v +
= and ) (
16
3
2 2 2
2
b a C +
+
= e
v

Therefore,thestressfieldis
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
+
=
2
2 2
2 2 2 2
8
3
r
b a
b a r
r
e
v
o
|
|
.
|

\
|

+
+ +
=
2
2 2
2 2 2 2
3
3 1
8
3
r
b a
b a r
v
v
e
v
o
u

Forthecaseofb>>a,thehoopstressattheinnerboundaryis
( )
2 2 2 2 2
4
3
2
3
2 2
8
3
b b a a r e
v
v
v
e
v
o
u
+
~
|
.
|

\
|

+
+ +
= =
whichistwiceofthemaximumstressinasoliddiskofradiusb(seeExample811).Thisshowsthata
smallholeatthecenterofthediskmaydoublethehoopstress(stressconcentration).