Objec&ves

for previous lecture

Describe a cascade of equilibrium stages Explain the advantages of a countercurrent cascade Dene boiling point, satura&on vapor pressure, bubble point, dew point, azeotrope, vola&lity, isotherm, subcooled liquid, superheated vapor Read two kinds of VLE diagrams: - temperature-composi&on (lens) diagram - McCabe-Thiele diagram

Figure 2-3 Temperature-composi&on diagram for ethanol-water

superheated vapor 2-phase region saturated vapor line saturated liquid line M V

M V

L/V = (MV)/(LM) inverse lever arm rule L/V = (yE/zE)/(zE-xE)

subcooled liquid

Figure 2-2 McCabe-Thiele diagram for ethanol-water

Vola&lity = yE/xE = KE(T) Azeotrope: K = 1.0

From Separa&on Process Engineering, Third Edi&on by Phillip C. Wankat (ISBN: 0131382276) Copyright 2012 Pearson Educa&on, Inc. All rights reserved.

Todays objec&ves
Extract informa&on (boiling point, saturated vapor pressure, vola&lity) from a DePriester chart Calculate the dew point and bubble point for a mul&component mixture using a DePriester chart and trial-and-error Dene rela&ve vola&lity

(D. B. Dadyburjor, Chem. Eng. Prog.,85, April 1978; copyright 1978, AIChE; reproduced by permission of the American Ins&tute of Chemical Engineers)

Figure 2-11 Modied DePriester chart (in S.I. units) at low temperatures

showing K as a func&on of T, P for pure compounds at a given T, P: K > 1 compound prefers vapor phase K < 1 compound prefers liquid phase K = 1.0 at boiling point

From Separa&on Process Engineering, Third Edi&on by Phillip C. Wankat (ISBN: 0131382276) Copyright 2012 Pearson Educa&on, Inc. All rights reserved.

Homework problem
due Friday

(a) Find the bubble point and dew point for a mixture that is 20 mol% n-butane, 60 mol% n- pentane, and 20 mol% n-hexane, at 300 kPa. (b) For this mixture, nd the composi&ons of the rst bubble formed and the last drop of liquid vaporized. Use a DePriester chart and the trial-and-error method.