6 NearZeroEnergy

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Near zero energy and carbon
Manuel Duarte Pinheiro
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Manuel Duarte Pinheiro Ph.D., Eng do Ambiente (DECivil ) manuel.pinheiro@ist.utl.pt ou manuel.pinheiro@lidera.info
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Energia e conforto / Comfort and energy
1. Conforto \ Comfort
2. Energia, abordagens passivas e quase zero de energia \ Passive SoluAons and Nearly Zero Energy
3. Exemplo de Solues Solar XXI e Torre Verde \ Examples
4. Concluindo / Conclusions
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Energy range (variao do desempenho energFco)

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Energy and carbon

ConsumpFon of energy in built environment is high:
Buildings (30 to 40%) Urban Zones > 50 %
Since an important part is fossil energy, the combusFon results also carbon emissions (CO2) and other global warming emissions
- e.g. if use renewable energy there is no emissions in that specic phase (or in principle will be lowest in the all life cycle phases)
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1 to 10
Energy Performance CO2

Energy have a large a range of performance From 10 to 20
Building Project
x 2,5 x 5 modelling
System
Users
x 2 esAmated
x 2
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x 2 ?
Urban Context and ClimaAc
RaW, C.; Baker, N.; Steemers, K. (2005). Energy consumpFon and urban texture, Energy and Buildings, Volume 37, Issue 7, 1 July 2005, Pages 762-776
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Energia, Conforto e abordagens bioclimFcas
Passive design
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Ganhos
Balance and reduce losses
Perdas
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http://www.savenergy.org/homeowner/home_loses_energy.html
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Conforto adaptaAvo \ AdapAve comfort

AdapFve comfort builds on the principle that people experience dierently and adapt, up to a certain extent, to a variety of indoor condiFons, depending on their clothing, their acFvity and general physical condiFon. Therefore, contrary to the convenFonal cooling which is based on pre- calculated temperatures and humidity levels, the adapFve approach is based on a non xed set of condiFons, taking into account thermal percepFon and behavior of the user, requiring him to take an acFve role in controlling his indoor environment.
When refurbishing oce buildings adapFve opportuniFes can be classied as either ac#ve (where building occupants intervene to change their thermal environment) or passive (where a buildings environment or fabric is adapted without acFve occupant intervenFon).
hhp://www.buildup.eu/faq/european-countries/6642
hhp://nceub.commoncense.info/uploads/Barlow_Fiala.pdf
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AdaptaFve Comfort
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Os ambientes construdos devem assegurar condies adequadas de conforto De cada pessoa (subjectividade), das condies de vesturio e da actividade que executa Condies de ambiente
Conforto funo de mulAplicidades de aspectos

Comfort Have also a SubjecAve Dimension thermal comfort, humidity and venAlaAon, also including air quality and even lighAng and visual aspects
Outros aspectos, com reexo nas condies de conforto trmico, humidade e de venAlao, incluindo tambm a qualidade do ar e at condies de iluminao e aspectos visuais
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Important have capacity to control comfort condiAons

Escola do Crato
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High potenAal BioclimaAc approaches
Guedes, Pinheiro e Alves (2009)

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Helder Goncalves Mariz Graa
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ESTRATGIA BIOCLIMTICAS
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e.g. Home Ex Torre Verde Parque das Naes
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Paredes brancas e ruas estreitas do bairro de Santa Cruz em Sevilha, na Espanha. Duas de vrias estratgias adoptadas na arquitectura tradicional para manter as casas frescas no vero.
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Desempenho passivo do edicado

isolamento responder orientao e clima Aspectos bioclimFcos

Torre Sul e Torre Verde Arqt Livia Tirone
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Torre Sul 1/2
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Torre Sul 2/2
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e.g. Oce Ex Solar XXI, IneA, Lumiar

Fonte: Doutor Helder Goncalves, Arqt Mariz Graa, Dr Antonio Joyce
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Solar XXI, INETI, Lumiar
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Fachada Sul
Nascente, Norte
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a fan to ensure air intake
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Aproveitamento Trmico do PV
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e.g. Hotel Ex Penso Marianos, FAma

Fonte: Lamelas, Diogo (2011)
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FATIMA, HOTEL PENSO S. PAULO
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PROPOSAL
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DESIGNBUILDER FIRST FLOOR
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HOTEL MARIANOS
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CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
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MODELLING
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USE
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MODELLING
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SOLUTIONS
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WINDOWS
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NATURAL LIGHT
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HVAC
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SIMULATION SOLAR RADIATION
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SOLUTIONS
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GLAZING
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WALLS INSULATION
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ROOF
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% CONSUMPTION REDUCTION
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Enquadramento Terico | Metodologia | Caso de Estudo | Resultados | Concluses 48
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REDUCE CONSUMPTION
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COST
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ECONOMIC ASSUMPTIONS
Custo das Externalidades: 0,03 /kWh Custo do kWh elctrico: 0,114 /kWh Taxa de Actualizao: 4,38% Horizonte Temporal: 20 anos
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RESULTS
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LiderA C40
Tem po Factor Class e
40 40
4 4
A A(+)
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What decison?

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ECONOMIC
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PERFORMANCE
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BALANCE
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Enquadramento Terico | Metodologia | Caso de Estudo | Resultados | Concluses 58
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C40 Life cycl cost

Life cycle cost
C40
1
Life service
Valores
durability.
Trend
Future EvoluFon
Leve
Pay back
Revenu Costs
2 - NPV
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Standars to a Passive House
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What is a Passive House?

A passive house is a building in which a comfortable interior climate can be maintained without acFve heaFng and cooling systems (Adamson 1987 and Feist 1988). The house heats and cools itself, hence "passive". For European passive construcFon, prerequisite to this capability is an annual heaFng requirement that is less than 15 kWh/(ma) (4755 Btu//yr), not to be ahained at the cost of an increase in use of energy for other purposes (e.g., electricity). Furthermore, the combined primary energy consumpFon of living area of a European passive house may not exceed 120 kWh/(ma) (38039 Btu/ /yr) for heat, hot water and household electricity. With this as a starFng point, addiFonal energy requirements may be completely covered using renewable energy sources. A passive house is cost-eecAve when the combined capitalized costs (construcFon, including design and installed equipment, plus operaFng costs for 30 years) do not exceed those of an average new home.
hhp://www.passiv.de/07_eng/index_e.html
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Passive house basic features

Compact form and good insulaAon: Southern orientaAon and shade consideraAons: Energy-ecient window glazing and frames: Building envelope air- Aghtness: Passive preheaAng of fresh air: All components of the exterior shell of the house are insulated to achieve a U-factor that does not exceed 0.15 W/(mK) (0.026 Btu/h//F). Passive use of solar energy is a signicant factor in passive house design. Windows (glazing and frames, combined) should have U-factors not exceeding 0.80 W/(mK) (0.14 Btu/h//F), with solar heat- gain coecients around 50%. Air leakage through unsealed joints must be less than 0.6 Fmes the house volume per hour. Fresh air may be brought into the house through underground ducts that exchange heat with the soil. This preheats fresh air to a temperature above 5C (41F), even on cold winter days.
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Highly ecient heat recovery Most of the percepFble heat in the exhaust air is transferred to from exhaust air the incoming fresh air (heat recovery rate over 80%). using an air-to-air heat exchanger: Hot water supply using Solar collectors or heat pumps provide energy for hot water. regeneraAve energy sources: Energy-saving household Low energy refrigerators, stoves, freezers, lamps, washers, appliances: dryers, etc. are indispensable in a passive house.
hhp://www.passiv.de/07_eng/index_e.html
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PassivehaUss
In a Passivhaus thermal comfort is achieved to the greatest pracFcal extent through the use of passive measures listed below which can be applied not only to the residenFal sector but also to commercial, industrial and public buildings.

good levels of insulaFon with minimal thermal bridges passive solar gains and internal heat sources excellent level of airFghtness good indoor air quality, provided by a whole house mechanical venFlaFon system with highly ecient heat recovery There are no strict requirements with respect to domesFc hot water; lighFng and appliance consumpFon the standard imposes an overall limit on the Primary Energy consumpFon which promotes energy eciency in all of these areas.
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Example Passive House
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Passive house
Applied to exisFng buildings with energy savings of 75 per cent to over 90 per cent. Renovated buildings usually have an exisFng heat distribuFon system and there is no reason not to use the very same system aer renovaFon. With the renovaFon the heat requirement is reduced, then the system temperatures can also be reduced. Therefore, high-eciency boilers and heat pumps can then be used. Good thermal insulaFon and high-eciency mechanical equipment go hand in hand.
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Improve performance
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Abordagens
Passivas, abordagens bioclimFcas
AcFvas, necessidade de climaFzao mecnica (HVAC), ...
Passive House to warm climaFc region
Responder ao clima e abordagens bioclimFcas
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EsFmaFva das necessidades anuais de aquecimento (vermelho) e de arrefecimento (azul) para uma casa pica e uma casa Passivhaus
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Tal como proposto pela norma Passivhaus, a capacidade do sistema de aquecimento e arrefecimento limitada a 10 W/m2. O custo extra da proposta Passivhaus em Portugal de 57 /m2 com um perodo de retorno do invesAmento de 12 anos.
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Nveis interessantes de conforto adaptaAvo
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Temperatura resultante durante uma semana de muito calor, sem um sistema acAvo de arrefecimento
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Trends - New Energy Performance Building DirecAve (EPBD) Tendncias

DirecAva de cerAcao energAca dos editcios (recast)
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EPBD Recast (DirecFve 2010/31/EU)
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Major Highlights of the Recast DirecAve include: As of 31 December 2020 new buildings in the EU will have to consume 'nearly zero' energy and the energy will be 'to a very large extent' from renewable sources. Public authoriFes that own or occupy a new building should set an example by building, buying or renFng such 'nearly zero energy building' as of 31 December 2018. The deniFon of very low energy building was agreed to: "nearly zero energy building means a building that has a very high energy performance, determined in accordance with Annex I. The nearly zero or very low amount of energy required should to a very signicant level be covered by energy from renewable source, including renewable energy produced on-site or nearby" There is no specic target be set for the renovaFon of exisFng building, but Member States shall following the leading example of the public sector by developing policies and take measures such as targets in order to sFmulate the transformaFon of buildings that are refurbished into very low energy buildings, and inform the Commission thereof in their naFonal plans referred to in paragraph 1. The 1000 m2 threshold for major renovaFon has been deleted and this will take eect when the naFonal regulaFons have been implemented and applied, probably at the beginning of 2014.
hhp://www.eceee.org/buildings/EPBD_Recast/
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EPBD Recast (DirecFve 2010/31/EU)

Major Highlights of the Recast DirecAve include: Minimum requirements for components are introduced for all replacements and renovaFons, although for major renovaFons, the holisFc calculaFon methodology is the preferred method with performance calculaFons based on component requirements allowed as a complement or alternaFvely A harmonised calculaAon methodology to push-up MS minimum energy performance requirements towards a cost-opFmal level is set out in the DirecFve in a deniFon and an annex, and will also be rened in a comitology process. MS will have to jusFfy to the COM if the gap between current requirements and cost opFmal requirements is more than 15 % A more detailed and rigorous procedure for issuing energy performance cerAcates will be required in MS. Control systems will be required by MS to check the correctness of performance cerFcaFon. MS will be required to introduce penalFes for non-compliance. Member States shall lay down the rules on penalFes applicable to infringements of the naFonal provisions adopted pursuant to this DirecFve and shall take all measures necessary to ensure that they are implemented. The penalFes provided for must be eecFve, proporFonate and dissuasive. Member States shall communicate those provisions to the Commission.
hhp://www.eceee.org/buildings/EPBD_Recast/
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Near Zero Energy Building

Quase Zero de Energia Nearly Zero Energy
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Goncalvez, 2011
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From buildings to urban zones
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From energy and carbon ecient zones to near zero or neutral Integrate
approach Changing built environment and also behavior of users
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Por exemplos dois Apos de comunidades sustentveis Empreendimentos com Programas Eficientes em Energia Foco nos sistemas integradas a mdio prazo Esforo para, pelo menos ter normas minimas de ecincia nos edicios ObjecFvos incluem: reduo de resduos e poluio, conservao de gua, conservao de energia e desenvolvimento sustentvel

Desenvolvimentos assentes em Zero Energia (acrscimo) No uFliza mais energia que a que produz Reduz a uFlizao de gua e capta e uFliza a gua da chuva Reduz as necessidades de viajar e assegura transportes pblicos funcionais Educa os residentes como viver

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What are the different types of communities?
Assegura paisagem / vegetao tolerante s secas Assegura um centro de reciclagem Todas as juntas das condutas de ar so seladas com masFc Construes com niveis elevados de isolamento (P.Ex R11)
Todos materiais usados so locais, renovaveis ou reciclados Edicios projectados so energeFcamente ecientes Caixotes para efectuar a reciclagem em cada casa Por vezes o local foi recuperado (zona degradada) Centro de cuidados infanFs
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Empreendimentos com Programas Eficientes em Energia vs Desenvolvimentos assentes em Zero Energia (acrscimo)
Empreendimentos com Programas Ecientes em Energia so melhores porque:

integram as ideias prFcas sem obrigar a mudar para uma nova comunidade. podem envolver as cidades e mudar as populao e as necessidades os meios so mais prFcos requere menos custos iniciais e reduz a probabilidade de insucesso
Desenvolvimentos assentes em Zero Energia so melhores porque:

actualmente so 100 % sustentaveis no dependem de qualquer recurso exterior para viver dispe de um grande efeito posiFvo na rea e no mundo os edicios so projectados desde logo para serem ecientes energeFcamente ensinam cada um a viver sem produzir qualquer resduo do um melhor exemplo para todas as comunidades e pessoas como viver sem resduo
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Examples
Armory, Texas, USA BEDZED, UK
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e.g. BEDZED
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What is BedZED? BedZED, the Beddington Zero Energy Development (Near London), is an environmentally-friendly, energy-ecient mix of housing and work space
in Beddington, Suhon. Unique is an over-used word, but BedZED deserves it. There are a number of small, one-o projects based on sound environmental principles. However, to our knowledge, BedZED is the rst to incorporate up-to-the- minute thinking on sustainable development into every aspect of the scheme, from the energy-ecient design to the way the houses are heated. Why Zero Energy? BedZED will only use energy from renewable sources generated on site. It is the rst large-scale carbon neutral community - i.e. the rst not to add to the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. BedZED shows how housing can be built without degrading the environment. Easy, aordable and avracAve BedZED is a long way from the hair shirt image that bedevils green living. It aims to be a beacon, to show how we can meet the demand for housing without destroying the countryside. It shows that an eco-friendly lifestyle can be easy, aordable and ahracFve something that people will want to do.
hhp://www.bedzed.org.uk/main.html
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Key BedZED features include:

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Where possible building materials selected from natural, renewable or recycled sources and wherever possible brought from within a 35-mile radius of the site. A combined heat and power unit able to produce all the developments heat and electricity from tree waste (which would otherwise go to landll). Energy-ecient design - with the houses facing south to make the most of the heat from the sun, excellent insulaFon and triple-glazed windows. A water strategy able to cut mains consumpFon by a third - including installing water saving appliances and making the most of rain and recycled water. A green transport plan which aims to reduce reliance on the car by cuWng the need for travel (eg through internet shopping links and on-site faciliFes) and providing alternaFves to driving such as a car pool. Recycling bins in every home. Housing of the future BedZED provides an answer to many of the problems facing planners and poliFcians as they try to meet the demand for housing in the 21st century: It is an excellent example of creaFve use of browneld land. IIts mix of living and work space cuts down on commuFng and helps boost the local economy. The mix of homes - for sale and rent - on aordable and market terms will ahract high and low incomes which are the basis of socially inclusive communiFes. hhp://www.bedzed.org.uk/main.html
Total Area of Site
16,544m (1.65 hectares) 4,459m (gross external) 4,336m 538m
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Total Area of Buildings Area of sports pitch Area of village green Sports club and CHP buildings
497m
Area of private gardens at ground level Area of sky gardens at first and second floor level Area of primary circulation routes Vehicular and pedestrian mews Area of car parking Total No. of Residents Total No. of Habitable rooms Total No. of workers (1person per 12m_) Total No. of car parking spaces Area of work space Area of commercial space
876m
Scenario 1 BedZED as construcAon :

Summary 1. Residential population density/hectare 2. Working population density/hectare 3. Total site population density/hectare 4. Habitable Rooms/hectare 5. Parking spaces/hectare 6. Public open space /hectare 7. Private gardens and sky gardens/hectare 8. Total green space (6+7)/hectare 9. Homes /hectare @ 3.5 hab rooms / home 148/hectare 119/hectare 267/hectare 164/hectare
1,182m
3,207m
540m 986m 244
271 196
51/hectare 2,954m_/hectare 1,247m_/hectare 4,200m_/hectare 46/hectare
84 1,695m gross external 1,559m gross internal 871m gross external 810m gross internal
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Zero fossil energy
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Using the approach
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e.g. Vauban, Freiburg, Germany

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DASE GERMANY ECO CITY Situated on the banks of the Rhine River near Switzerland and France, Freiburg is the city with more hours of sunshine in Germany and greater number of environmental faciliFes of the European Union. It is nicknamed the solar capital In Freiburg energy-saving houses are the norm. Elsewhere in Germany, the law states that every new house built must waste no more than 75kWh/m2 per year (roughly a quarter of the energy lost from a typical Victorian house in Britain) but the specicaFon in Freiburg is radically lower. It used to be 65kWh per year but they are now discussing a new Freiburg law of 55, 50 or even 40kWh.
It is part of Freiburgs unrelenFng quest to be one of the greenest ciFes in the world, aer WW2 it was ahened rebuilt on enlightened, energy- saving principles.
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hhp://greenconstrucFonuk.wordpress.com/2010/07/03/friberg-germany-eco-city/
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The Greenest part of the city is Vauban, the radical car-free quarter carved from an old French army base in 1998 a shrine to colourful Le Corbusier-style architecture and sustainable living. Vauban residents can own a car but they have to pay 18,000 a year to park it in one of the mulFstorey Solar Garages on the outskirts of the quarter. On the main thoroughfare there is a speed limit of 30km per hour and on Vaubans narrow residenFal streets, hemmed in by housing estates, cars can travel no faster than walking speed.
We always compete against Munster as the most ecological town, says Claudia Duppe, a lecturer and resident of Freiburgs Rieselfeld quarter, whether it is the length of the cycle paths, the number of people cycling to work, or the amount of solar panels on the roofs. Over a glass of local wine, she tells me about her life. As well as living in a passive house, she cycles everywhere (the cycle routes are brilliant) or takes the tram a cheap, fast mode of transport that makes car ownership unnecessary. We dont own one, Claudia says, but we paid 600 to join a car-sharing club. She only hires a car for big loads when shopping, or to go skiing in the mountains. Public money for social housing had dried up in the 90s, and the city of Freiburg was selling o plots of land to groups of families (anything from six to 16 parFes) so they could employ an architect and build their own block of ats a way of spliWng the cost of ownership and making property aordable. Roughly 40 per cent of homes in the district are privately owned and self-built like this, while 40 per cent are rented. The remaining 20 per cent is social housing funded by private investors a deliberate formula intended to create a healthy social and economic mix.
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Increasing energy standard in Freiburg
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Dierent energy standards (Heat energy demand - kWh/m2)
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Climate ProtecAon Balances and New Target
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Environmental Businesses in the Freiburg Region central results (2006)
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Programas Ecientes Em Energia
Programas assentes em Zero Energia
Global Action Plan EcoTeam program
Chicagos 100 Zero energy homes
BedZED
Eden Village
http://www.sustainable.doe.gov/greendev/stories.shtml#PD http://www.sustainable.org/casestudies/studiesindex.html Manuel Duarte Pinheiro
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Case Studies
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Armory
Estratgias Estratgias
Projecto Projecto
Avaliao
Armory Armory Requisitos
Manuel Duarte Pinheiro Pinheiro
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BedZED
BedZED
Estratgias
Projecto
Avaliao
Casos Requisitos
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Vista Actual hhp://www.bioregional.com/programme_projects/ecohous_prog/bedzed/bedzed_hpg.
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Zero Energy" House Built at the Coldest Place in Japan A demonstraFon "zero energy" house has been built at Asahikawa, Hokkaido, the coldest place in Japan. The special design of the house has reduced energy consumpFon to one-h of that of an ordinary house, whilst providing increased comfort. Equipped with a 5 square metre solar thermal collector, and roofes with 12.5kWp PV panels, the house can produce enough energy to meet its annual consumpFon. hhp://www.caddet.org/brochures/display.php? id=401
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apresentao
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Belas Club de Campo A model to high performance: Energy, materials, water and comfort
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Exemplo de medidas e desempenho para chegar a uma situao quase zero de energia Achieving near zero energy
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American Society of HeaFng, RefrigeraFng and Air-CondiFoning Engineers
ASHRAE
History
ProjecFons
Aumento do consumo de energia
ASHRAEs vision, as arFculated in this report, is that the building community will produce market- viable net zero energy buildings (NZEBs) by the year 2030.
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Metas normas (ASHRAE)

100 kWh/mano = 32 kBTU/y
10 kcal/cm2
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1322 kWh/m2
2 =0,092903
m2
1 kWh = 3,412 kbtu
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Exemplo (Cenrio ASHRAE)

Edicio de 2 andares
Net-Zero-Energy Buildings Buildings which, on an annual basis, use no more energy than is provided by on-site renewable energy sources. hhp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQFJr5E7_R0
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Medidas para Envelope

Orientar o edicio para:
OpFmizar a luz natural;
aquecimento passivo no inverno e minimizar os ganhos solares atravs das janelas.
Aumentar o isolamento integrado, aumentando o valor R das paredes e telhados
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UFlizar sistemas externos de ensombramento para minimizar a radiao directa:
UFlizar persianas verFcais; plantar espcies que criem sombra (estao quente) usar sistemas de sombreamento (varandas, ..) para controlo dos ganhos solares.
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Fomentar a Luz Natural
UFlizar sistemas, clarabias para luz natural: aberturas a norte para fomentar a entrada de luz para o interior
OpFmizar o desempenho da supercie envidraada, incluindo:

reduzir a rea envidraada (E/W) aumentar a rea envidraada (N/S)
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Orientar o edicio; aumentar o isolamento; sistemas externos de ensombramento; fomentar a luz natural; opFmizar o desempenho da supercie envidraada.
(-37,3 %)
62,7 %
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Sistemas de iluminao de elevada ecincia com sensores de ocupao Reduo do controlo de reduo da energia para iluminao requisitos de arrefecimento
AVAC, Sistemas de aquecimento da gua e de iluminao
UFlizar sistemas ecientes de aquecimento da gua e minimizar as perdas em stand by
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Maximizar o uso de ar exterior para venFlar o edicio quando a temperatura amena
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Atravs da monitorizao da ocupao do edicio controlar a quanFdade de ar que necessrio ser condicionado
A uFlizao de bombas de calor podem melhorar a ecincia do AVAC
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Velocidades variveis das ventoinhas e das bombas pode reduzir as cargas parciais e a energia
Treino dos operadores/gestores e ocupantes do edicios na operao energFca do edicio
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Sistemas de iluminao; sistemas ecientes de aquecimento da gua e perdas. uso de ar exterior para venFlar e controlo associado ocupao; uFlizao de bombas de calor geotrmico Velocidades variveis das ventoinhas e das bombas; Treino dos operadores/gestores e ocupantes do edicios.
(-23, 6 %) 39, 1 %
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Energias renovveis
Colectores solares para os servios de gua e aquecimento do espao
Painis fotovoltaicos para gerao da electricidade durante o dia
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Energias renovveis
Gerao de electricidade atravs de sistemas elicas
Geotrmica
Biomassa
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Colectores solares: Painis fotovoltaicos; Gerao elica; Geotrmica; Biomassa.

(-39,1 %) 0 %
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Medidas: - BioclimFcas - Sistemas -Energias renovveis

Video on Achieving Net-Zero-Energy Design (ASHRAE)

hhp://www.ashrae.org/aboutus/page/1607
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Others Example Roads Outros Exemplo Estradas

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Estradas
A few states are already dabbling in roadside energy producFon. Last year, Oregon began a solar highway demonstraFon project with a 104-kilowah ground-mounted solar array situated at the interchange of Interstates 5 and 205. The array powers about a third of the lights on the interchange. Massachusehs recently announced a plan to install a uFlity-scale wind turbine big enough to power 400 households on land adjacent to the Massachusehs Turnpikes Blandford Rest Area. Researchers and designers are also toying with ways to generate power along roads, including the use of piezoelectric materials, energy producing speed bumps and integraFng wind turbines into road barriers.
hhp:// green.blogs.nyFmes.com /2009/07/23/harvesFng- Manuel Duarte Pinheiro clean-energy-along-the- www.lidera.info
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hhp://green.blogs.nyFmes.com/2009/07/23/ harvesFng-clean-energy-along-the-road/
hhp://www.ickr.com/photos/oregondot/3078008148/sizes/o/in/photostream/
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hhp://www.ickr.com/photos/oregondot/ www.lidera.info 3078007784/sizes/o/in/photostream/
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Case - South Lake Union, Seahle

Energy
(Emissions)
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UIE - Urban Environmental InsFtute, 2002, Resource Guide for Sustainable Development in an Urban Environment a Case Study in South Lake Union. UIE - Urban Environmental InsFtute, Seahle, WA, 185 p. Seahle, Washington
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Opes MulF edicios

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Energy eciency
1. Start with Passive Strategies 2. SiFng as an Energy Advantage
3. Smart Massing
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DASE 4. An Intelligent Envelope 5. LighFng Control
6. Thermal Storage
7. HVAC Systems
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Heat pump
The transfer of heat from areas of heat producFon to areas of heat demand.
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Chillers
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Co generaFon
Electricidade e Vapor
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Fuel cell power plants
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Fuel cell power plants consist of a fuel reformer, a fuel cell, and a DC to AC inverter. The reformer converts a hydrocarbon fuel, such as propane or natural gas, into hydrogen. The hydrogen is supplied to the fuel cell, which allows the hydrogen and atmospheric oxygen to combine producing water, heat, and direct electrical current. The inverter converts the output DC into usable AC, which ows directly to the end user, to the grid, or to a temporary storage facility. Fuel cell power plants currently run on natural gas, hydrogen, anaerobic digester gas (wastewater treatment output), and landll gas. The SLU development would most likely make use of natural gas red units and as a result, would not be totally polluFon free, and would require regulatory approval for air quality. The units would exhaust CO2 but not NOx or SO2. In the future, when uFlity hydrogen is available there will be no polluFon at the point of use. Fuel cells produce electricity at approximately 40% eciency. An addiFonal 3040% energy eciency can be realized by taking advantage of the units cogeneraFon of heat. Through reclamaFon, the heat can be used to generate hot water for space heaFng and domesFc applicaFons.
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Micro turbines
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Photovoltaics
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Clulas Fotovoltaicas
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Eolics
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Carbon neutral
Reduce and compensate for carbon dioxide emissions: Reduce the use of energy to the minimum. Derive all electric power and heaFng from non-fossil fuel sources. Compensate for CO2 emissions associated with energy producFon.
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OpFons
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Energia, Estratgias
Revises peridicas: de modo a que o edicio mantenha o seu desempenho de acordo com os critrios estabelecidos durante a construo; OpFmizao dos gastos energFcos: entre 20% a 60% abaixo da mdia nacional (EUA); Painis fotovoltaicos: sistema descentralizado para produo de energia; Clulas de combusvel: sistema centralizado para produo de energia; Microturbinas: sistema centralizado e descentralizado para produo de energia; Orientao solar e localizao; Escolha adequada da forma do edicio: maximizao da iluminao natural e da venFlao natural atravs da forma do edicio; Iluminao natural; VenFlao natural; gua quente solar.
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Ex Energia Retorno SLU
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Case study
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DASE C7 Energy eciency

h:p://www.dinivan.pt/img/graph02.jpg
C8
Passive design, ...
Tirone ,2007 - Construo sustentvel
C9 RenewableEnergy l
santo#rsoposi#vo.blogspot.com/
C7 CerFcao energFca
C8 Desempenho passivo
C9 Intensidade de carbono
C9 Renewable Energy
h:p://www.archiexpo.es/prod/suntech/modulo- fotovoltaico-para-fachadas-54499-122169.html
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Near zero energy and carbon
Energy performance, carbon level and refurbishment acFons ? ConsumpFon and local producFon, how near zero energy and carbon?
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Energy performance, carbon level and refurbishment acFons ? ConsumpFon and local producFon, how near zero energy and carbon?
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Conclusions Concluindo
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Energy and carbon two essenAal points

1 to 10 +
Energy have a large a range of performance From 10 to 20
Buildings
Huge opportuniAes
Urban zones
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Good Energy and carbon performance

Reduce energy consumpAon AdapAve Comfort Use bioclimaAc principles and renewable energy Search near zero low carbon (opAmal cost) possvel assegurar casas e infra- estruturas de bom desempenho, com elevado conforto assegurando baixos consumos energAcos. As solues passivas podem dar um importante contributo conjugando com o aproveitamento de vrias formas de energias renovveis procurando quase zero de energia e baixa intensidade em carbono
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References
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References
Guedes, M.; Pinheiro, M.; Alves, L. (2009). Sustainable architecture and urban design in Portugal: An overview. Renewable Energy - (34) 2009, Elsevier Science A Green Vitruvius - Principles and Prac#ce of Sustainable Architectural Design, James & James (Science Publishers) Ltd. For the European Commission, Directorate General XVII for Energy and the Architects Council of Europe , London, 1999 (Verso Portuguesa da Ordem dos Arquitectos) Gonalves, Helder; Graa, Joo Mariz: Conceitos Bioclim#cos para os EdiYcios em Portugal, INETI, 2004 Outros
RCCTE: Regulamento das Caracters#cas de Comportamento Trmico em EdiYcios, Decreto-Lei N. 80/06 de 4 de Abril RCESE: Regulamento dos Sistemas EnergFcos de ClimaFzao em Edicios, Decreto-Lei N. 79/06 de 4 de Abril SCE: Sistema Nacional de CerFcao EnergFca e da Qualidade do Ar Interior nos Edicios, Decreto-Lei N 78/06 de 4 de Abril
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Agradecimentos: Dados dos Consumos e do Editcio do INETI: Eng Helder Goncalvez, Arqt Mariz Graa, Dr Antnio Joyce. Sugestes de Estratgias BioclimAcas: Prof Manuel Correia Guedes

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Near zero energy and carbon

Manuel Duarte Pinheiro

Manuel Duarte Pinheiro Ph.D., Eng do Ambiente (DECivil ) manuel.pinheiro@ist.utl.pt ou manuel.pinheiro@lidera.info

Energia e conforto / Comfort and energy

3. Exemplo de Solues Solar XXI e Torre Verde \ Examples

Energy range (variao do desempenho energFco)

Energy and carbon

Manuel Duarte Pinheiro

Energy Performance CO2

Urban Context and ClimaAc

Energia, Conforto e abordagens bioclimFcas

Manuel Duarte Pinheiro

Balance and reduce losses

Manuel Duarte Pinheiro

Conforto adaptaAvo \ AdapAve comfort

Manuel Duarte Pinheiro

Manuel Duarte Pinheiro

Conforto funo de mulAplicidades de aspectos

Important have capacity to control comfort condiAons

Manuel Duarte Pinheiro

High potenAal BioclimaAc approaches

Guedes, Pinheiro e Alves (2009)

Helder Goncalves Mariz Graa

Manuel Duarte Pinheiro

Manuel Duarte Pinheiro

e.g. Home Ex Torre Verde Parque das Naes

Manuel Duarte Pinheiro

Desempenho passivo do edicado

Torre Sul e Torre Verde Arqt Livia Tirone

Torre Sul 1/2

Manuel Duarte Pinheiro

Torre Sul 2/2

Manuel Duarte Pinheiro

e.g. Oce Ex Solar XXI, IneA, Lumiar

Fonte: Doutor Helder Goncalves, Arqt Mariz Graa, Dr Antonio Joyce

Solar XXI, INETI, Lumiar

Manuel Duarte Pinheiro

Manuel Duarte Pinheiro

Manuel Duarte Pinheiro

Manuel Duarte Pinheiro

Manuel Duarte Pinheiro

a fan to ensure air intake

Manuel Duarte Pinheiro

Manuel Duarte Pinheiro

Manuel Duarte Pinheiro

e.g. Hotel Ex Penso Marianos, FAma

Fonte: Lamelas, Diogo (2011)

FATIMA, HOTEL PENSO S. PAULO

Manuel Duarte Pinheiro

Manuel Duarte Pinheiro

DESIGNBUILDER FIRST FLOOR

Manuel Duarte Pinheiro

Manuel Duarte Pinheiro

Manuel Duarte Pinheiro

Manuel Duarte Pinheiro

Manuel Duarte Pinheiro

Manuel Duarte Pinheiro

Manuel Duarte Pinheiro

Manuel Duarte Pinheiro

Manuel Duarte Pinheiro

Manuel Duarte Pinheiro