PROCESS SYSTEMS ENGINEERING

FABRICATION AND ERECTION SPECIFICATION 670.231*

Dimensional Tolerances for Cold Close Radius Pipe Revision 0
February 1995
Bending and Forming Page 1 of 11

RESPONSIBLE GROUP: PSE Mechanical Systems Engineering *Formerly 571.02

572.02
573.02
579.21

Denotes Revision

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Title Page(s)

1. Purpose 2
2. Scope 2
3. Related Documents 2
4. Units of Measure 2
5. Material Specifications 2
6. Dimensional Tolerances 3
7. Necking and Wrinkling in Bend 4
8. Aluminum Pipe Minimum Acceptable Wall Thickness (inches) 5
9. Carbon Steel Pipe Minimum Acceptable Wall Thickness (inches) 5
10. Aluminum Pipe Minimum Acceptable Wall Thickness (millimeters) 6
11. Carbon Steel Pipe Minimum Acceptable Wall Thickness (millimeters) 6
12. Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe Minimum Acceptable Wall Thickness (inches) 7
13. Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe Minimum Acceptable Wall Thickness (millimeters) 8
14. Dimensional Tolerances 9
15. Design Guidelines Table - Minimum Straight and Gripping Lengths for 1.5 Diameter Bends 10
(inch dimensions)
16. Design Guidelines Table - Minimum Straight and Gripping Lengths for 3 Diameter Bends 10
(inch dimensions)
17. Design Guidelines Table - Minimum Straight and Gripping Lengths for 1.5 Diameter Bends 11
(millimeter dimensions)
18. Design Guidelines Table - Minimum Straight and Gripping Lengths for 3 Diameter Bends 11
(millimeter dimensions)

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
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 670.231*, Rev. 0, Page 2 of 11

1. PURPOSE

1.1 The purpose of this engineering specification is to establish dimensional tolerances that shall not
be exceeded when bending (cold forming) the specified pipe.

2. SCOPE

2.1 This engineering specification lists the applicable pipe material, nominal sizes and schedules.

2.2 This engineering specification tabulates the acceptable dimensional tolerances resulting from
bending (cold forming) the specified pipe to a radius of 1.5, 3, or 6 diameters of the nominal pipe
size. It also tabulates the bending of extruded instrumentation pipe to a radius of 6 diameters of
the nominal pipe size by the use of a conduit bender.

3. RELATED DOCUMENTS

3.1 Air Products Engineering Document

573.03 - Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe, Flanging, and Cold-Bending Quality

3.2 American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

H35.2 - Dimensional Tolerances for Aluminum Mill Products

3.3 The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)

B36.10M - Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe
B36.19M - Stainless Steel Pipe

3.4 American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

A312 - Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe
A587 - Standard Specification for Electric-Welded Low-Carbon Steel Pipe for the Chemical
Industry
B241 - Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Seamless Pipe and Seamless Extruded Tube
B491 - Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Extruded Round Tubes for General-
Purpose Applications

3.5 The codes referenced herein shall apply as specifically designated. The latest edition and
addenda in effect at time of purchase shall apply.

4. UNITS OF MEASURE

4.1 All nominal pipe sizes are given in inches, all diameter nominal (DN) pipe sizes are given in
millimeters (mm) in parentheses (except for the tables).

4.2 All dimensions are given in inches with millimeters (mm) in parentheses (except for the tables).

5. MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

5.1 Aluminum

5.1.1 Pipe, aluminum-alloy, seamless, 1/2 (15) to 4 (100) Schedules 10S, 40 and 80, plain ends,
ASTM B241 6061-T4.

5.1.2 Pipe, aluminum-alloy, extruded, 1/4 (8) Schedule 40, plain ends, ASTM B491 3003-H112.

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
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 670.231*, Rev. 0, Page 3 of 11

5.2 Carbon Steel

5.2.1 Pipe, low-carbon steel, electric resistance welded (ERW), 1/2 (15) through 4 (100), Schedule 40
and Schedule 80 with plain ends, ASTM A587.

5.3 Austenitic Stainless Steel

5.3.1 Electric fusion welded (EFW) austenitic stainless steel pipe, 1/2 (15) through 4 (100), Schedules
10S, 40S, and 80S with plain ends, ASTM A312, Grade TP304, TP304L, TP316, and TP316L (to
special dimensional tolerances in accordance with 573.03).

6. DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES

6.1 A minimum of 5% of all bends shall be inspected 100% for total compliance with this engineering
specification.

6.1.1 The following lists the quantity of bends to be inspected and the frequency of inspection:

6.1.1.1 On lots of 25 or more bends, check wall thickness on first five bends then two additional checks
for every ten bends.

6.1.1.2 On small lots of ten bends or less, check first five bends.

6.1.2 Bend inspection may be reduced if the vendor shows consistency in the bending operation.

6.2 The reduction of the actual wall thickness, at the outer periphery of the pipe bend, shall
not exceed the following:

• 18% when bending 1/2 (15) to 4 (100) Schedules 10S, 40, and 80 to 1.5 diameter bends.
• 12% when bending 1/2 (15) to 4 (100) Schedules 10S, 40, and 80 to 3 diameter bends.
• 15% when bending 1/4 (8) to 1 (25) Schedule 40, and 1/2 (15) to 1 (25) Schedule 80
instrumentation pipe to 6 diameter bends.

6.2.1 Thickness measurements shall be taken from tangent-to-tangent along the bend arc
(see Figure 1). All minimum acceptable thicknesses are listed in the tables in Sections 8, 9, 10
and 11.

6.3 The ovality of the pipe bend shall not exceed ± 5% for 1.5 diameter bends and ±3% for 3
diameter bends of the original nominal pipe diameter.

C = Original OD
D = Changed OD

D1 − D 2
x 100 = Maximum of 5%
C

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
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 670.231*, Rev. 0, Page 4 of 11

6.4 The bend angle tolerance of the bent pipe spool shall not exceed ± 1° from the true centerline of
the pipe (see Figure 2).

6.5 The overall length of the completed bent spool shall not exceed ± 1/8" (3.17mm) of the specified
length (see Figure 2).

6.6 The dimensional tolerances from the centerline of a bend to the end of the spool shall not
exceed ± 1/8" (3.17mm) (see Figure 2).

7. NECKING AND WRINKLING IN BEND

7.1 Necking and wrinkling is not acceptable.

7.2 All bends shall be visually inspected.

7.3 Five percent of all bends shall be dye penetrant checked. This percentage shall be increased if
severe orange peeling or cracking is evident. Dye penetrant examinations shall be performed on
first pieces of lots or heats, and initial pieces of bend sizes used in the bending process and
periodically thereafter to insure the reproducibility of the process.

Definitions of Abbreviations and Symbols:

° = degrees
" = inches
CL
= centerline
mm = millimeter
OD = outside diameter

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
CONTROLLED COPIES OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE ON GREEN PAPER
 670.231*, Rev. 0, Page 5 of 11

8. ALUMINUM PIPE
• Minimum Acceptable Wall Thickness (inches)

Nominal Pipe Size Nominal OD Minimum Wall Inches (2)

Schedule Inches Inches (1) 1.5 D 3D 6D
40 1/4 .540 .065
10S 1/2 .840 .060 .064
40 .078 .084 .081
80 .106 .113 .109
10S 3/4 1.050 .060 .064
40 .081 .087 .084
80 .111 .119 .114
10S 1 1.315 .078 .084
40 .095 .102 .098
80 .129 .138 .133
10S 1-1/2 1.90 .078 .084
40 .104 .112
80 .143 .154
10S 2 2.375 .078 .084
40 .111 .119
80 .156 .168
10S 2-1/2 2.875 .086 --
40 .146 --
80 .198 --
10S 3 3.500 .086 .092
40 .155 .166
80 .215 .231
10S 4 4.500 .086 .092
40 .170 .183
80 .242 .260

9. CARBON STEEL PIPE

• Minimum Acceptable Wall Thickness (inches)

Nominal Pipe Size Nominal OD Minimum

Wall
Inches (2)
Schedule Inches Inches (1) 1.5 D
40 1/2 .840 .078
80 .106
40 3/4 1.050 .081
80 .111
40 1 1.315 .095
80 .129
40 1-1/2 1.90 .104
80 .143
40 2 2.375 .111
80 .156
40 3 3.500 .155
40 4 4.500 .170

(1) Represents the nominal OD for pipe in accordance with ASME B36.10M.
(2) Represents the minimum allowable wall thickness for pipe specified, minus the following
maximum allowable wall thickness reductions:

• 18% when bending 1/2 (15) to 4 (100) Schedules 10S, 40, and 80 to 1.5 diameter bends.
• 12% when bending 1/2 (15) to 4 (100) Schedules 10S, 40, and 80 to 3 diameter bends.
• 15% when bending 1/4 (8) to 1 (25) Schedule 40, and 1/2 (15) to 1 (25) Schedule 80
instrumentation pipe to 6 diameter bends.

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
CONTROLLED COPIES OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE ON GREEN PAPER
 670.231*, Rev. 0, Page 6 of 11

10. ALUMINUM PIPE

• Minimum Acceptable Wall Thickness (millimeters)

Diameter Nominal (DN) Nominal OD Minimum Wall mm (2)

Schedule Pipe Size mm mm (1) 1.5 D 3D 6D
40 8 13.7 1.65
10S 15 21.3 1.52 1.63
40 1.98 2.13 2.06
80 2.69 2.87 2.77
10S 20 26.7 1.52 1.63
40 2.06 2.21 2.13
80 2.89 3.02 2.90
10S 25 33.4 1.98 2.13
40 2.41 2.59 2.49
80 3.25 3.51 3.38
10S 40 48.3 1.98 2.13
40 2.64 2.85
80 3.63 3.91
10S 50 60.3 1.98 2.13
40 2.89 3.02
80 3.96 4.27
10S 65 73.0 2.18 --
40 3.71 --
80 5.03 --
10S 80 88.9 2.18 2.34
40 3.94 4.22
80 5.46 5.87
10S 100 114.3 2.18 2.34
40 4.34 4.65
80 6.15 6.60

11. CARBON STEEL PIPE

• Minimum Acceptable Wall Thickness (millimeters)

Diameter Nominal (DN) Nominal OD Minimum

Wall mm
(2)
Schedule Pipe Size mm mm (1) 1.5 D
40 15 21.3 1.98
80 2.69
40 20 26.7 2.06
80 2.89
40 25 33.4 2.41
80 3.25
40 40 48.3 2.64
80 3.63
40 50 60.3 2.89
80 3.96
40 80 88.9 3.94
40 100 114.3 4.34

(1) Represents the nominal OD for pipe in accordance with ASME B36.10M.
(2) Represents the minimum allowable wall thickness for pipe specified, minus the following
maximum allowable wall thickness reductions:

• 18% when bending 1/2 (15) to 4 (100) Schedules 10S, 40, and 80 to 1.5 diameter bends.
• 12% when bending 1/2 (15) to 4 (100) Schedules 10S, 40, and 80 to 3 diameter bends.
• 15% when bending 1/4 (8) to 1 (25) Schedule 40, and 1/2 (15) to 1 (25) Schedule 80
instrumentation pipe to 6 diameter bends.

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
CONTROLLED COPIES OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE ON GREEN PAPER
 670.231*, Rev. 0, Page 7 of 11

12. AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL PIPE

• Minimum Acceptable Wall Thickness (inches)

Minimum Wall Inches(2)

Nominal Pipe Size Nominal OD
Schedule Inches Inches(1) 1.5D 3D 6D(3)

40S 1/8 .405 - - .051

40S 1/4 .540 - - .065
10S 1/2 .840 .063 .068 -
40S .082 .088 .085
80S .111 .119 .115
10S 3/4 1.050 .063 .068 -
40S .084 .091 .088
80S .117 .126 .122
10S 1 1.315 .082 .088 -
40S .099 .106 .103
80S .135 .145 .140
10S 1-1/2 1.900 .082 .088 -
40S .107 .115 -
80S .152 .163 -
10S 2 2.375 .082 .088 -
40S .117 .126 -
80S .167 .180 -
10S 3 3.500 .092 .099 -
40S .162 .174 -
80S .230 .247 -
10S 4 4.500 .092 .099 -
40S .179 .192 -
80S .260 .279 -

(1) Represents OD for pipe as specified in 573.03 (1/2" to 4" nominal pipe size).
(2) Represents minimum allowable wall thickness for pipe specified in 573.03, minus the 18%
maximum allowable wall thickness reduction when making 1.5 diameter bends, and minus the
12% maximum allowable wall thickness reduction when making 3 diameter bends.
(3) Represents minimum allowable wall thickness for pipe specified, minus the the following
maximum allowable wall thickness reduction:
• 15% when bending 1/8" to 1" Schedule 40S, and 1/2" to 1" Schedule 80S instrumentation
pipe to 6 diameter bends.

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
CONTROLLED COPIES OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE ON GREEN PAPER
 670.231*, Rev. 0, Page 8 of 11

13. AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL PIPE

• Minimum Acceptable Wall Thickness (millimeters)

Minimum Wall mm(2)

Diameter Nominal Nominal OD
Schedule Pipe Size mm mm(1) 1.5D 3D 6D(3)

40S 6 10.3 - - 1.28

40S 8 13.7 - - 1.66
10S 15 21.3 1.60 1.72 -
40S 2.08 2.24 2.16
80S 2.81 3.02 2.91
10S 20 26.7 1.60 1.72 -
40S 2.15 2.30 2.22
80S 2.98 3.20 3.09
10S 25 33.4 2.08 2.24 -
40S 2.52 2.70 2.61
80S 3.44 3.69 3.56
10S 40 48.3 2.08 2.24 -
40S 2.73 2.93 -
80S 3.85 4.14 -
10S 50 60.3 2.08 2.24 -
40S 2.98 3.20 -
80S 4.25 4.56 -
10S 80 88.9 2.33 2.50 -
40S 4.12 4.43 -
80S 5.85 6.28 -
10S 100 114.3 2.33 2.50 -
40S 4.54 4.87 -
80S 6.60 7.09 -

(1) Represents OD for pipe as specified in 573.03 (15 mm to 100 mm nominal pipe size).
(2) Represents minimum allowable wall thickness for pipe specified in 573.03, minus the 18%
maximum allowable wall thickness reduction when making 1.5 diameter bends, and minus the
12% maximum allowable wall thickness reduction when making 3 diameter bends.
(3) Represents the minimum allowable wall thickness for pipe specified, minus the following
maximum allowable wall thickness reduction:
• 15% when bending 6 mm to 25 mm Schedule 40S, and 15 mm to 25 mm Schedule 80S
instrumentation pipe to 6 diameter bends.

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
CONTROLLED COPIES OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE ON GREEN PAPER
 670.231*, Rev. 0, Page 9 of 11

14. DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
CONTROLLED COPIES OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE ON GREEN PAPER
 670.231*, Rev. 0, Page 10 of 11

15. DESIGN GUIDELINES TABLE - MINIMUM STRAIGHT AND GRIPPING LENGTHS FOR 1.5
DIAMETER BENDS (inch dimensions)

90°° 45°° 90°° 45°° 90°°/45°° 180°°

Pipe Last
Size Leg A B C D E F Max G
1/2 30 5-1/2 4-5/8 7 5-1/4 6-1/8 12 30
3/4 30 5-1/2 4-5/8 7 5-1/4 6-1/8 12 30
1 30 5-1/2 4-5/8 7 5-1/4 6-1/8 12 30
1-1/2 30 8 6-3/4 10-1/4 7-5/8 9 12-3/4 30
2 30 11 9-1/4 14 10-1/2 12-1/4 13-1/2 30
2-1/2 30 13-3/4 11-5/8 17-1/2 13-1/8 15-5/16 14-1/4 36
3 30 13-1/2 10-7/8 18 12-3/4 15-3/8 15 36
4 30 16-1/4 13 22-1/4 15-1/4 18-3/4 16-1/2 40

16. DESIGN GUIDELINES TABLE - MINIMUM STRAIGHT AND GRIPPING LENGTHS FOR 3
DIAMETER BENDS (inch dimensions)

90°° 45°° 90°° 45°° 90°°/45°° 180°°

Pipe Last
Size Leg A B C D E F Max G
1/2 30 5-1/2 4-5/8 7 5-1/4 6-1/8 12 30
3/4 30 6-1/4 4-15/16 8-1/2 5-7/8 7-3/16 12 30
1 30 7 5-1/4 10 6-1/2 8-1/4 12 30
1-1/2 30 10-1/4 7-5/8 14-3/4 9-1/2 12-1/8 12-3/4 30
2 30 14 10-1/2 20 13 16-1/2 13-1/2 30
2-1/2 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
3 36 18 12-3/4 27 16-1/2 21-3/4 22 36
4 40 22-1/2 15-1/2 34-1/2 20-1/2 27-1/2 21 40

Notes
1. All dimensions except “F” are minimum.
2. “Last leg” refers to the length of pipe required to remain clamped in the bender to allow the last
bend of a spool to be made.

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
CONTROLLED COPIES OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE ON GREEN PAPER
 670.231*, Rev. 0, Page 11 of 11

17. DESIGN GUIDELINES TABLE - MINIMUM STRAIGHT AND GRIPPING LENGTHS FOR 1.5
DIAMETER BENDS (millimeter dimensions)

90°° 45°° 90°° 45°° 90°°/45°° 180°°

DN
Pipe Last
Size Leg A B C D E F Max G
15 762 139.7 117.5 177.8 133.3 155.6 304.8 762.0
20 762 139.7 117.5 177.8 133.3 155.6 304.8 762.0
25 762 139.7 117.5 177.8 133.3 155.6 304.8 762.0
40 762 203.2 171.4 260.3 193.7 228.6 323.8 762.0
50 762 279.4 234.9 355.6 266.7 311.1 342.9 762.0
65 762 349.2 295.3 444.5 333.4 388.9 361.9 914.4
80 762 342.9 276.2 457.2 323.8 390.5 381.0 914.4
100 762 412.7 330.2 565.1 387.3 476.2 419.1 1016.0

18. DESIGN GUIDELINES TABLE - MINIMUM STRAIGHT AND GRIPPING LENGTHS FOR 3
DIAMETER BENDS (millimeter dimensions)

90°° 45°° 90°° 45°° 90°°/45°° 180°°

DN
Pipe Last
Size Leg A B C D E F Max G
15 762 139.7 117.5 177.8 133.3 155.6 304.8 762.0
20 762 158.7 125.4 215.9 149.2 182.5 304.8 762.0
25 762 177.8 133.3 254.0 165.1 209.5 304.8 762.0
40 762 260.3 193.7 374.6 241.3 307.9 323.8 762.0
50 762 355.6 266.7 508.0 330.2 419.1 342.9 762.0
65 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
80 914.4 457.2 323.8 685.8 419.1 552.4 558.8 914.4
100 1016.0 571.5 393.7 876.3 520.7 698.5 533.4 1016.0

Notes
1. All dimensions except "F" are minimum.
2. "Last leg" refers to the length of pipe required to remain clamped in the bender to allow the last
bend of a spool to be made.

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
CONTROLLED COPIES OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE ON GREEN PAPER