Title: Acid-base titration: Determination of Acetic Acid Content in Vinegar Aim: To determine the molarity of an acetic acid.

Procedure: Refer to page 66 and 67 of Chemistry Lab Manual Results and Calculation: Experiment Trial 1 2 3 Volume of Vinegar (mL) 25 25 25 25 Burette Reading (mL) Final Initial 11.2 0 35.0 23.4 46.7 35.1 45.5 34.3 Volume of NaOH (mL) 11.2 11.6 11.6 11.2

Average volume of NAOH used = = 11.4 mL 1. Moles of NaOH used = volume of NaOH molarity of NaOH = L 1.0 M

= 0.0114 mol Moles of HC2H3O2 = Moles of NaOH = 0.0114 mol Molarity of HC2H3O2 = = = 0.456 M
2. Moles of HC2H3O2 per L of vinegar = 0.456 M 1 L

= 0.456 mol Mass of HC2H3O2 per L of vinegar = 0.456 mol = 27.36 g Percent (m/v) = mass of HC2H3O2/volume of vinegar 100% = 27.63/1000 100% = 2.763% 3. Mass of vinegar = density of vinegar volume of vinegar = 1.005 g/mL 1000 mL = 1005 g Percent (m/m) = mass of HC2H3O2 / mass of vinegar 100% = 27.63/1005 100%

= 2.75% Conclusion: Vinegar contains 2.75% of acetic acid. Discussion: Before the titration process, the pipette is rinsed with NaOH. This is to prevent any other unwanted substances or liquid remain in the pipette. The conical flask is put on a white tile. The presence of white tile makes us easier to notice the change of color of the solution. During the titration, the drops of NaOH should be dropped directly on the surface of vinegar in the conical flask. The NaOH should not be dropped on the wall of conical flask. Constantly swirl the conical flask during the titration so that the NaOH and vinegar are mixed well. When the NaOH is added, a pink color will appear and then disappear. When the pink color disappears more slowly, the adding of NaOH should be slow down and add in drop by drop. This is because the disappearance of color slows down as the end point is approached. The experiment should be repeated more than three times before calculating the average reading. This is to ensure that the result is more accurate.