CHM256

LAB REPORT

EXPERIMENT 4

ACID BASE TITRATION I

DETERMINATION OF PERCENT CONTENT OF ACETIC ACID

IN VINEGAR

NAME: NOORDARLIENA HANIM BINTI ASUNG

GROUP: AS1142B2
STUDENT ID: 2022619298
FACULTY: FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCE
LECTURER: DR. NUR RAHIMAH BINTI SAID
DATE: 22 MAY 2023
OBJECTIVES

To determine the content percent of acetic acid in vinegar.

PROCEDURES

A. Preparation of NaOH solution and standardization of NaOH

1. The mass needed to prepare 250ml 0.1M NaOH was calculated in about 1 g.
2. Using the same procedure as in experiment 3, NaOH solution was prepared.
3. The burette filled with NaOH solution.
4. 20.0ml of HCL pipetted into 250ml conical flask. 2-3 drops phenolphthalein as
indicator were added.
5. The HCL in conical flask titrated with NaOH in the burette slowly while the flask
being shake until the indicator colour change. The colour changes and reading at
the end point of the titration was recorded.
6. Step 1 – 5 repeated 2 – 3 times and all readings were recorded in the table.
7. The exact molarity of the NaOH solution was calculated.

B. Determination of acetic acid in vinegar

1. 10 ml of the given vinegar was pipetted and diluted to mark with distilled water in
a 100 ml volumetric flask.
2. Then, into a 250 ml of volumetric flask, 20 ml of diluted vinegar was pipetted. 2 –
3 drops of phenolphthalein were added as indicator.
3. While shaking the flask, the vinegar in the conical flask titrated with the NaOH
from the burette slowly.
4. Steps 2 and 3 were repeated two more times.
5. Reading at the end point of titration was recorded.
6. The w/v% of acetic acid in the vinegar sample was calculated.
RESULTS / DATA

A. Standardization of NaOH solution.

Table 1: Titration of HCl with NaOH
Titration Rough 1 2 3
Final burette 24.5 24 24 24
reading
Initial burette 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
reading
Volume of 24.5 24 24 24
NaOH used

Average volume of NaOH: 24 ml

Exact molarity of HCl solution from Experiment 3: 0.1 M

B. Determination of acetic acid in vinegar

Brand of vinegar used:
Table 3.1: Titration of vinegar with NaOH
Titration 1 2 3 4
Final burette 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5
reading
Initial burette 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
reading
Volume of 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5
NaOH used

Average volume of NaOH: 12.5

QUESTIONS

a) Write a balanced equation for the reaction between NaOH and HCl.

- NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O

b) Using the data above and the stoichiometric ratio from the equation, calculate the
exact molarity of the NaOH solution.

- M=n/V
MaVa / MbVb = a / b
(0.1)(20) / Mb(24) = 1 / 1
24M = 2
Mb = 0.083 mol

Moles of NaOH = Mass of NaOH / RMM

Moles of NaOH = 1 g / 39.99 g/mol
Moles of NaOH = 0.0250 mol

c) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between acetic acid (CH3COOH) and
NaOH solution.
- CH 3 COOH + NaOH → CH 3 COONa + H 2 O

d) Determine the w/v% of the acetic acid in the vinegar sample.

i) Using (MaVa/MbVb) = a/b, determine the molarity of the diluted acetic acid.
- MaVa / MbVb = a / b
 Ma(100) / (0.1)(12.5) = 1 / 1
100M = 1.25
M = 1.25 / 100
M = 0.0125 mol

ii) In the procedure 10 ml of the original vinegar has been diluted to 100 ml.
Calculate the molarity of the concentrated (original) vinegar. (M1V1=M2V2).

- M1V1 = M2V2
M1(10) = (0.01 M)(250)
M1(10) = 2.5
M1 = 0.25

iii) Calculate the mass of acetic acid (MW 60 g/mol) and then calculate %w/v of
acetic acid in the vinegar sample.
%w/v= (mass of acetic acid / volume of sample) × 100

- Moles of acetic acid = (0.1)(0.25)

= 0.025 mol
- Mass of acetic acid = (0.025)(60)
= 1.5 g
- %w/v = (1.5 / 250)(100)
= 0.6%

e) Explain why you need to standardize NaOH solution after preparation.

- NaOH needed to be standardized after preparation so that its concentration can be
determined. This is because NaOH is hygroscopic which mean it also can absorb
moisture such as water content from the air. Hence, the action of standardization can
decrease the moisture and obtain the more concentrated NaOH.
f) In the experiment HCL solution from Experiment 3 is used as secondary standard
solution to standardize NaOH solution. Define secondary standard solution.
- Secondary standard solution is the solution the specifically prepared for the certain
analysis. It is also a substance which is the active agents’ contents that have been
found by comparison against primary standard. Hence, also means that it will be used
in standardizing against primary standard. For the example, NaOH is one example of
secondary standard solution. Secondary standard solution has certain characteristic
such as it has less purity than primary standard, then less stable and more reactive
than primary standard.

g) Draw a titration curve for the titration between acetic acid (CH3COOH) and NaOH
solution.
CONCLUSION

The conclusion of this experiment is that the titration process involved the strong acid which
was the HCl and the strong base which was the NaOH. The standardization of secondary
standard solution and primary standard also happen. The accurate data was being maintained
and their no error occur during and after the titration process. From the usage of
stoichiometry and molarity laws, we were able to determine the exact molarity of NaOH
solution, which was 0.083 M. The content percent of vinegar in this experiment is 0.6%.
Results might be different with other groups as it was handled by different people.

PICTURES FROM THE EXPERIMENT

>Before the titration, the solution is in yellow colour.

> After the titration, the colour changes,

showing there are chemical reactions occurred.