Professional Documents
Culture Documents
(1)
Figure 2. Load current (top), filter current (middle) and supply current
(below) of conventional SSAPF
III. THE NEW SHUNT ACTIVE POWER FILTER
Figure 3. Block diagram of conventional shunt active power filter
Basic circuit topology of the proposed SSAPF is
described using Figure 3. Unlike the conventional filter, the
new filter behaves as an AC-AC converter which provides an
additional current pathway between the power supply and
the nonlinear load. In contra to Figure 2, the desired filter
current in Figure 4 is complementary to the load current.
Thus, equation (1) becomes
(2)
From equation (2), the desired filter current, I
F
is a
deduction result between the load current, I
L
and the supply
current, I
S
.
Figure 4. Load current (top), filter current (middle) and supply current
(below) of proposed SSAPF
The block diagram of the proposed SSAPF is shown in
Figure 5. The filter resembles a two switches AC-AC
converter. The switches are constructed using two sets of
IGBT and diode pair. Each pair of IGBT and diode from
different set is responsible to conduct current duringhalf
positive or half negativecycle of the desired filter current.
During half positive cycle S
1
and D
2
are turned on while S
2
and D
1
are turned on during half negative cycle. Other than
the switches, diode D is employed as a reverse blocking
diode and an inductor L
2
is used for filtering the SSAPF
current. In the simulation work, the L
2
value was varied in
step from 4mH to 8mH.
Figure 5. Circuit topology of the proposed SSAPF
3
n
u
a
th
s
S
in
d
th
o
g
a
e
o
a
c
E
s
th
d
s
In this stud
325.3 V (230
nonlinear load
unidirectional f
and a 100 F c
he load ripple
smoothing the
SSAPF was co
nductor, L
1
and
determine whet
he proposed SS
IV. CONTR
Proper swit
on equation (2
generation. The
activities for b
engage in prod
of a peak detec
a product bloc
controller, a tria
Each block pla
signal can be co
Sine wave
X
Prod
IN
PD
|u
Peak
Detector
Figure 6
Figure 7. Unipo
The desired
he UPWM sign
desired filter cu
supply current
dy, the propose
Vrms), 50 Hz
d. The nonli
full-bridge dio
capacitor. The c
e voltage and
e supply curre
onnected in tw
d after the line
ther there are s
SAPF operation
ROL STRATEG
ACTIVE PO
ching strategie
2). The strateg
e signal is then
both IGBTs. F
ducing the UPW
ctor, a sine wav
ck, a subtracto
angular or carr
ays an importa
orrectly and acc
e
X
duct
|u|
u|
S
6. Control strateg
olar supply current
and unipolar filte
d filter current i
nal generation
urrent is a resul
and the load
ed SSAPF wa
z single-phase
inear load c
ode rectifier, a
capacitor was u
d an inductor
ent waveform
wo different w
inductor, L
1
. T
ignificant diffe
n.
GIES FOR TH
OWER FILTER
es are designed
gies involve th
n used for cont
igure 6 shows
WM signal. Th
ve generator, a
or, a proportio
rier generator a
ant role to en
curately genera
PI
Controller
Carrier
Reff .
signal
ubtractor
-
+
gies for the propos
t (top), unipolar lo
er current (bottom
is used as a ref
. According to
lt of the subtrac
current. The s
s connected to
ac supply and
constitutes of
1000 resis
used to minimi
L
1
(1 mH)
m. The propos
ways; before li
Therefore, we c
erences in term
HE NEW SHUN
R
d and tested bas
he UPWM sign
trolling switchi
s all componen
he figure consi
an absolute bloc
onal integral (P
and a comparat
sure the UPW
ated.
comparator
UP
Si
O
ed SSAPF
ad current (middle
m)
ference signal
equation (2), t
ction between t
supply current
o a
d a
a
tor
ize
for
sed
ine
can
m of
NT
sed
nal
ing
nts
ists
ck,
PI)
tor.
WM
PWM
gnal
OUT
e)
for
the
the
t is
generat
used to
accurat
the line
both th
signals
subtrac
7.
The
signal
modula
previou
the refe
a 10 k
UPWM
connec
IGBT S
UPWM
Figure
In t
and mo
compar
signal o
ratio of
to regu
Acc
distorte
infinite
Where
ted by the sine
o determine the
tely. Therefore
e inductor. The
he supply curren
. Then, the d
cting the both s
e following step
is generated
ating signal a
us subtopic, the
erence signal. T
kHz unipolar
M signal is inje
tion, IGBT S
1
S
2
turns on dur
M signal is show
8. Reference sig
this study, the
onitored by the
red to the car
or pulses can b
f the UPWM. L
late the error.
V. MAT
cording to Fig
ed current wav
e harmonic com
wave generato
e peak amplitu
e, the peak det
e absolute bloc
nt and the load
desired filter
signals. The sig
p is the UPWM
using two s
and a carrier
e 50 Hz desire
The reference s
triangular wa
ected to both IG
turns on durin
ring negative c
wn in Figure 8.
gnal and carrier sig
(bottom)
reference sign
controller syst
rrier signal. Th
be altered by
Lastly, the PI
THEMATIC T
gure 1,2 and 4
veform. The c
mponents and it
u
s
f
e
W
c
e
A
c
th
S
a
p
a
c
I
0
T
S
o
c
lo
S
b
th
b
From Figur
up as similar a
signal. The ref
fully sinusoida
equation for the
Where
The Equati
complimentary
equation and t
According to th
current, ca
he supply curre
VI. SIMUL
Figure 9.
The propos
Simulink (MLS
as the operatio
point between t
and the filters
current using th
n the figure, th
0.4 mH to 0.8
THD.
The tabulat
SSAPF has full
of its connectio
can see that the
owest THD%.
SSAPF which
better result tha
he line inducto
An addition
before the line
re 5 and 6, the
as the referen
ference signal
al signal,
e reference sign
ions (5) show
to the load
the signal in F
he Kirchhoffs
an be written
ent has same eq
LATION RESU
THD% results un
sed SSAPF wa
S). The study f
on of the prop
the filter and th
s inductor valu
he proposed SS
he filters indu
mH and all pa
ted results ha
ly capability to
on to the main
e highest value
Overall, we ca
connected bef
an the proposed
or.
nal, the propo
inductor gener
filter current i
nce signal,
is generated
and the loa
nal is written as
ws that the ref
current. Ther
Figure 4 agre
Current Law (K
as Equation (6
quation as in E
ULTS AND D
nder variation filte
as simulated u
focuses on sev
posed SSAPF
he main electric
ue. The THD%
SAPF is illustr
uctor values are
arameters show
ave shown th
o improve the T
n electrical po
e of inductor va
an clearly see t
fore the line in
d SSAPF which
osed SSAPF w
rates lower fun
s forced to sha
of the UPW
by comparing
ad current. T
s
(
(
ference signal
refore, both t
ee to each oth
KCL), the supp
6). As the resu
Equation (4).
(
ISSCUSSIONS
ers inductor
using MATLA
veral aspects su
, the connecti
cal power syste
% of the supp
rated in Figure
e varied betwe
w less than 5%
hat the propos
THD% regardle
ower system. W
alue resulting t
that the propos
nductor L
1
sho
h connected af
which connect
ndamental supp
ape
WM
g a
The
(4)
5)
is
the
her.
ply
ult,
(6)
S
AB/
uch
ion
em
ply
e 9.
een
of
sed
ess
We
the
sed
ws
fter
ted
ply
current
line ind
are 4.0
simulat
harmon
are sho
Figure
SSA
The
10 and
filter cu
figures
propose
propose
and Fig
connec
Figu
current
almost
It is o
connec
the dis
t than the prop
ductor. The fun
52 A and 4.19
tion result usin
nic spectrums u
wn in Figure 1
e 10. Harmonic sp
APF is connected b
conn
e following fig
the supply vol
urrent and the
were obtain
ed SSAPF. Fig
ed SSAPF wh
gure 12 shows
ted after the in
ure 11 (a) and
t wave shape.
fully sinusoida
obviously show
ted before or a
torted supply
osed SSAPF w
ndamental curr
91 A. These re
ng 0.8 mH filt
using the sam
0.
(a)
(b)
pectrums using 0.8
before the line indu
ected after the line
gures show the
ltage waveform
load current w
ned after the
gure 11 shows
hich connected
simulation resu
ductor.
Figure 12 (a)
The shape of
al and in phase
wn that the p
after the line ind
current to its
which connecte
rent for both c
esults are taken
ters inductor
e filters induc
8 mH filters induc
uctor and (b) the S
e inductor
supply current
ms, the supply c
waveforms. All
implementatio
simulation resu
before the lin
ults for the SSA
show an ident
f the supply cu
e with the volta
proposed SSA
ductor is able t
nature shape.
ed after the
connections
n from the
value. The
ction value
ctor. (a) the
SSAPF is
t with gain
current, the
l simulated
on of the
ults for the
ne inductor
APF which
ical supply
urrents are
age supply.
APF which
to shape up
However,
b
c
r
c
th
N
S
F
both connection
currents. The
ripples are obse
can see that the
he SSAPF w
Nevertheless, t
SSAPF is conn
Figure 11. (a) the
line) (b) the supp
current (bottom
ns do not gene
currents are s
erved in Figure
e load current
which connec
the load curren
ected before th
(
(
supply voltage (do
ply current (top), th
) for SSAPF which
(
Supply vo
Supply
erate an identic
slightly differe
e 12 (b). Based
is affected by
cted after the
nt is remains u
he line inductor
(a)
(b)
otted line) and the
he filter current (m
h connected befor
(a)
oltage
y current
cal filter and lo
ent and a lot
on the result, w
y the operation
e line induct
unchanged if t
r.
supply current (so
middle) and the loa
re the line inductor
oad
of
we
of
tor.
the
olid
ad
r
Figure 12
line) (b
curre
Oth
affected
the ma
both typ
Figure
inductor
A s
in the f
SSAPF
Despite
voltage
bottom
are less
which c
(233 V
higher
the prop
A
success
Unlike
filter p
current
Other t
2. (a) the supply v
b) the supply curre
ent (bottom) for SS
her than the l
d by the conne
in electrical sy
pes of connecti
e 13. Load voltage
r (top) and load vo
harp rise of the
first figure. The
F is connected
e of the sharp
e has a slightl
figure. The p
s than 340 V
connected befo
Vrms) for anoth
than the volta
posed SSAPF i
V
new single-ph
sfully develop
the conventio
rovides an alte
t flow and at th
than the filters
(b)
voltage (dotted lin
ent (top), the filter
SAPF which conne
oad current, t
ction between
ystem. The loa
ion are shown
e when the SSAPF
ltage when the SS
inductor
e load ripple v
e figure is obs
d before the
increase of the
ly higher peak
eak load volta
(240 Vrms) f
ore the line indu
her connection
age supply. Th
is also works a
II. CONCLU
hase shunt a
ed and simul
onal shunt activ
ernative curren
e same time w
s inductor valu
ne) and the supply
current (middle) a
ected after the line
the load volta
the proposed S
ad current wav
in Figure 13.
F is connected befo
APF is connected
voltage has been
erved when th
main electric
e load ripple v
k value compa
ages for both c
for the propos
uctor and less t
. Both load v
herefore, we ca
as a boost conv
USION
active power
lated with goo
ve power filte
nt pathway for
orks as a boost
ue, the filter an
current (solid
and the load
e inductor
age is also
SSAPF and
veforms for
fore the line
after the line
n observed
e proposed
al system.
voltage, the
ared to the
connections
sed SSAPF
than 330 V
oltages are
an say that
erter.
filter was
od results.
er, the new
r distortion
t converter.
nd the main
electrical power system operations are affected by the way of
the proposed SSAPF and the main electrical power system
connection. Based on the simulation results, the proposed
SSAPF which connected before the line inductor is much
better as compared to another connection.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Financial support from Ministry of Higher Education
(MOHE), Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) No:
600-RMI/ST/FRGS5/fst(34/2011) is gratefully
acknowledged for implementation of this project.
Financial assistance from Universiti Teknologi MARA
(UiTM) Malaysia and Research Management Institute
(RMI), UiTM is also gratefully acknowledged.
REFERENCES
[1] Alexander Varschavsky, Juan Dixon, Mauricio Rotella, and Luis
Morn, Cascaded Nine-Level Inverter for Hybrid-Series Active
Power Filter, Using Industrial Controller, IEEE Transactions on
Industrial Electronics, Vol. 57, No. 8, August 2010.
[2] An Luo, Zhikang Shuai, Wenji Zhu, Ruixiang Fan, and Chunming
Tu, Development of Hybrid Active Power Filter Based on the
Adaptive Fuzzy Dividing Frequency-Control Method, IEEE
Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 24, No. 1, January 2009.
[3] Victor Fabin Corasaniti, Maria Beatriz Barbieri, Patricia Liliana
Arnera, and Mara Ins Valla, Hybrid Active Filter for Reactive and
Harmonics Compensation in a Distribution Network, IEEE
Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 56, No. 3, March 2009.
[4] Consalva J. Msigwa, Beda J. Kundy, and Bakari M. M.
Mwinyiwiwa, Improving the Shunt Active Power Filter Performance
Using Synchronous Reference Frame PI Based Controller with Anti-
Windup Scheme, World Academy of Science, Engineering and
Technology 57, 2009.
[5] Roger C. dungan, Mark F. McGranaghan, Surya Santoso and H.
Wayne Beaty,Electrical Power Systems Quality, McGraw-Hill
Second Edition, 2002.