PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

CHAPTER 14:

INHERITANCE

Multiple Choice Questions For Question 1 to 15, each question is followed by four alternative answers A, B, C or D. Choose one correct answer for each question and blacken the corresponding space in your objective answer sheet.

14.1

Concept of Inheritance Based on Mendels Experiment

1. Diagram 14.1 shows a pair of homologous chromosomes. The alphabets represent

the gene in the chromosomes.

P p

q Q

R R

s S

T t

U u

DIAGRAM 14.1 Q and q represent A. B C. D. 2. linked genes alleles genotypes phenotype

If T represents the allele for tallness and t the allele for dwarfness, then an individual with Tt is A. B C. D. 3. homozygous for tallness heterozygous for tallness homozygous for dwarfness heterozygous for dwarfness

Two pure-bred plants with the genotypes BBRR and bbrr respectively are crossed. F1 offspring were allowed to self-pollinate. How many types of phenotypes are produced if B and R are dominant? A. B C. D. 2 4 8 16

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4.

Diagram 14.2 shows the inheritance of type of eye colour in humans. Gene for blue eyes is recessive.
First generation

P
Second generation

Q
Third generation Key : Male brown eyes Male blue eyes Female blue eyes Female brown eyes

DIAGRAM 14.2 Which of the following conditions are true of P and Q? A B C D P heterozygous heterozygous Heterozygous dominant Homozygous recessive Q Homozygous dominant Homozygous recessive heterozygous heterozygous

5.

The allele for black hair in human is dominant to the allele for brown hair. A man with black hair is heterozygous while his wife has brown hair. The probably of getting a child with brown hair is A. B C. D. 1

14.2 6.

Inheritance A married couple has different blood group. Ahmad has a blood group A, whereas his wife has a blood group B.

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Determine the possible blood group of their children. A. B. C. D. 7. It could only be blood group AB It could only be blood group A or B It could only be blood group A, B or O It could only be blood group O

Which of the following represented the alleles of the human blood group? A. B. C. D. ABO Xa Xb Xo Aa B bOo IA IB IO

8.

Erythroblastosis fetalis is the problem of new born baby that related to A. B. C. D. blood transfusion incompatibility Rh factor malnutrition mothers drug abuse.

9.

Diagram 14.3 shows the human karyotype.

T e ka DIAGRAMo a3 a h ry ty o pe f 14. m le w D ns sy rom ith ow nd e The abnormal number of the chromosome 21 is a result of non-disjunction during

A. B. C. D. 10.

meiosis mitosis cytokinesis plasmolysis

Heredity diseases are disease that can be transmitted from parent to their offspring. Which of the following is not the heredity disease? A. Haemophillia

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B. C. D. 14.3 11.

Colour blindness Muscular dystrophy Malaria

Understanding Genes and Chromosomes Diagram 14.4 shows a part of the DNA structure.

Figure 1

DIAGRAM 14.4 Which of the following represents J,K,L and M ? J Deoxyribose sugar Phosphate group Phosphate group Nitrogenous base K Nitrogenous base Deoxyribose sugar Nitrogenous base Deoxyribose sugar L Phosphate group Nitrogenous base Deoxyribose Nitrogenous base M Phosphate group Nitrogenous base Phosphate group Phosphate group

A B C D

12.

The uses of DNA fingerprint are I. II. III. IV. to identify the parent of someone to solve criminal cases to identify diseases inherited to identify a baby claimed by different mothers

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A. B. C. D. 13.

I and IV only II and III only I, II and III only I, II, III and IV

Which of the following is not true about DNA fingerprinting? A. B. C. D. It is a print pattern from the right thumb It can be made from a blood sample, hair or semen sample It is used in forensic work It can be used to confirm animal pedigrees

14.

What are the advantages of introducing genetic engineering in agriculture? I. II. III. A. B C. D. Increase the food yield Improve the food quality Increase in resistance to pests and diseases I only I and II only II and III only I, II, III

15.

Which of the following is not the objective of the Human Genome Project? A. B C. D. Determine the sequence of all the base pairs found in the DNA of the human genome Make map showing the exact locations of genes for major sections of human chromosomes Produce linkage maps where inherited traits can be tracked over generations To determine the sex of foetus

Structured Items

14.1

Concept of Inheritance Based on Mendels Experiment

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1.

Diagram 14.5 shows a cross between two varieties of pea plants in which tall pea plant with red flowers is crossed with short pea plant with white flowers. Both plants are pure bred.

Parent

T R

T R

t r

t r

F1 generation

T R

T R

T R

T R

t r

t r

t r

t r

Gametes

T R

t r

Key : T tall t short R red flowers r white flowers

Diagram 14.5

(a)

(i) (ii)

Complete the alleles in Figure 1. State the type of cross shown in Figure 1.

[2 marks]

[1 mark] (b) (i) State the genotype of plants in F1 generation. [1 mark ] (ii) State the phenotype of plants in F1 generation

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[1 mark] (c) If crossing over between genes takes place in the individuals of F1 generation during meiosis, draw the possible gametes produced from the F1 generation. [2 marks]

(d)

Table 14.1 shows an incomplete Punnetts of crossing made between a heterozygous plant for tallness and the red flowers and a homozygous recessive plant for the same traits. Gametes tr TABLE 14.1 (i) Complete Table 1 to show the various offspring produced. [2 TR Tr ttRr tr

marks] (ii) Explain the results.

[3 marks] (iii) What is the percentage of the offspring produced for short pea plant with white flowers? [1 mark] 14.2 Inheritance

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2.

Diagram 14.6 shows the pedigree of a family for the haemophillia disease. Haemophollia is a hereditary sex-linked disease cause by a recessive allele found on the X chromosome. Hassan Anis

Akmal

Adam

Esah

Key : Male normal Male haemophillia Female normal Female haemophillia X H X H, X HY Xh Xh, Xh Y XH Xh

DIAGRAM 14.6 (a) (i) What is Anis genotype? [1 mark] (ii) Explain how her genotype is determined.

[2 marks] (b) (i) What is the genotype of Hassan? [1 mark] (ii) Explain how his genotype is determined.

[2 marks]

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(c)

Esah has a heterozygote genotype, while Adam is a haemophillia patient. Illustrate by using a schematic diagram to show their children genotype and phenotype probability. [4 marks]

(d)

What is the probability of their son to get haemophilia? [1mark]

(e)

What is the meaning of hereditary sex-linked?

[2marks]

14.3

Understanding Genes and Chromosomes

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3.

Diagram 14.7 shows the molecular arrangement of part of a DNA molecule.

DIAGRAM 14.7

(a)

(i)

Name the basic unit that made up the DNA molecule. [1mark]

(ii)

Circle on the diagram above to show a basic unit of DNA molecule. [1mark]

(iii)

Name the component that made up the basic unit named in (a)(i). [1mark]

(b)

Describe the structure of the DNA molecule.

[1mark] (c) organism. The DNA carries the genetic codes that determine the characteristic of Which part of the molecules that form the genetic codes? [1mark]

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(d)

Complete Diagram 14.8 below to show the organization of a chromosome . [5marks]

DNA Chromosome DIAGRAM 14.8

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Essay Items 14.1 1. (a) Concept of Inheritance Based on Mendels Experiment Mendels First law : The characteristic of an organism is determined by a pair of genes located at the same locus of a pair of homologous chromosomes. Only one of the pair of genes can be present in a gamete. Explain the above statement by using the monohybrid cross between a homozygous dominant long-winged Drosophilia is mated with a homozygous recessive vestigalwinged Drosophila. [10 marks]

(b)

A dihybrid cross between two varieties of oil palm, Dura and Pasifera, produces a new variety, Tenera. Tenera has better quality fruits compared to Dura and Pisifera as shown in Table 14.2. Oil palm variety Characteristics of the trait Genotype Phenotype Thin husk Thick flesh

Dura

hhFF

Pisifera

HHff

Thick husk Thin flesh

Tenera Table 14.2

Key : H represents dominant allele for thick husk F represents dominant allele for thick flesh

Thick husk Thick flesh

Using a schematic diagram, explain why self-crossing between the Tenera variety does not produce offspring of the same quality as their parents. [10 marks] 14.2 Inheritance

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2.

(a)

Mala and Siva is a married couple with four girls. Siva always blamed his wife because of not give birth a baby boy. As a consultant at LPPKN, please consult these couple to understand the fact related to the sex determination of babies. Draw a schematic diagram to explain your answer. [10 marks]

(b)

Dina has a problem to get a second child with the history of three times baby stillborn. After consulted by a specialist, she found that she is facing with the problem of Rh factor. As a specialist explain to Dina to understand her problem.

[10marks] 14.3 Understanding Genes and Chromosomes Diagram 14.9 show three different molecules which are found in the DNA.

1.

Phosphate

Base

Sugar

DIAGRAM 14.9

(a)
(b)

Describe the structure of the DNA.

[4 marks]

The transfer of genes or DNA plays an important role in genetic engineering. For instance, gene from humans can be transferred to bacterial cells. Once inside the bacteria, these human gene control the bacterial cells. This causes the bacteria to synthesise something they would not normally make in nature. For example, bacteria can produce human insulin. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of genetic engineering. [6 marks] (c) Describe briefly on the important of DNA fingerprinting and human genome project to mankind. [ 10 marks]

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