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PrimarySources AtomicBombandHiroshima.YouTube.YouTube, 07Aug.2009.Web.19Mar.2013. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Dr7M9zU4_0>. ThisisadocumentaryvideoonthebombingsofNagasakiandHiroshima.Itexplainsthedamageand deathrateafterthebombsweredroppedandthetypeofplaneusedtocarryit.Itsaidthatthefighting wasfinallyoverbecauseofthisandtheatombombwasthereason. BookMemorializesNiseiLinguists'ContributionstoWWII.N.d.Photograph.BookMemorializes NiseiLinguists'ContributionstoWWII.Web.19Mar.2013. <http://usarmy.vo.llnwd.net/e2/images/2007/03/22/3516/>. FromthiswebsitewegotapictureofJapaneseofficialssigningtheInstrumentofSurrender,Ending WWII.ItprovedvaluabletoourSurrenderpageandhelpedustoshowinactualcontextwhatitlooked likewhenithappenedandthetensioncanbeseenwithinthepictureofthedelicatesituation. Burr,William."TheAtomicBombandEndofWorldWar2."TheNationalSecurity Archive.GWU,27Apr.2007.Web.8Jan.2013. http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB162/index.htm. Thisdocumentwasacollectionofprimarysourcesthatdescribedeverythingaboutthecreationofthe atombombs,thetestruns,theplanesandthedroplocations.Italsowentintodepthabouthowthe atombombendedWW2,whichisthemainfocusofourproject,andhowandwhytheJapanese surrendered.Therearemultiple,veryusefuldocumentswithinthearticlethatarewrittenexplanations anddecisionsonwhereexactlytodropthetwobombsandwhen.Thesewereveryusefulunderour Nagasaki&Hiroshimatab. Einstein,Albert."AtomBomb."LettertoF.D.Roosevelt.2Aug.1939.MS.WhiteHouse, Washington,D.C. ThiswasaletterfromEinsteintoPresidentRooseveltabouttherecentdiscoveryofthepotentialof Uranium.IntheletteritdescribestoRoosevelttheextremepowerofuraniumandhowitcouldbeused inachainofreactionstoevenmakeabomb.HegivesRooseveltsuggestionsastohowtocontinuewith

thisdiscovery,toeithercontinuewithdevelopmentatamoreadvancedrateortocontinueto experimentandfinetunethings.Thiswasanexceptionalresourceforusforwhenwelearnedabouthow theideaoftheatombombcameupandwhowasinvolved. HarryS.Truman.N.d.Photograph.HarryS.Truman. Web.19Mar.2013. <http://www.nndb.com/people/114/000024042/>. FromthiswebsitewegotapictureofTruman.Alongwiththepicturewasabibliographyofhis accomplishmentandpastoccupations.Welearnedabouthisimmersionintotheofficeandthetaskshe hadtoovercomeandlearnaboutwhenhewasplacedintooffice. Hirohito,.JapanDeclaresWar.1941.TheGilderLehrmanInstituteofAmericanHistory,NewYork City.Web.8Jan2013. http://www.gilderlehrman.org/historybyera/worldwarii/resources/japandeclareswar1941 ThisisadocumentwritteninJapanesedeclaringwarontheUnitedStatesandGreatBritain.Thiswas sentin1941andsaidthattheywillputalloftheirefforttowardsthebattlesagainstthetwocountries andcomeoutvictorious. HistoryofAmericanJournalism.N.d.Photograph. HistoryofAmericanJournalism.Web.19Mar.2013. <http://history.journalism.ku.edu/1940/1940.shtml>. FromthiswebsitewegotapictureofayoungwomanholdingthenewspaperarticlestatingtheThe WarisOver.WeusedthistoshowAmericanexcitementoftheendingofadevastatingwar,andtheir excitementintheirlovedonescomingback.Alsoonthiswebsitewasalistofmenwhowereinthewar thatreturned.ThishelpeduswithourEndingoftheWarsectioninourwebsite. LosAlamosHistoryoftheManhattanProject.N.d.Photograph.LosAlamosHistoryofthe ManhattanProject.Web.19Mar.2013. <http://www.losalamoshistory.org/manhattan.htm>. AtthiswebsitewefoundpicturesofthefoundersandscientistsoftheManhattanProject.Therewere primaryphotosofthescientistsFermi,Rabi,andOppenheimer,whichhelpedusillustratethe atmosphereoftheprojectandwhoexactlywasinchargeofcreatingthebombs.

McMillan,PriscillaJ.."DocumentArchive."TheRuinofJ.RobertOppenheimer.N.p.,n.d.Web.8 Jan2013. http://hbombbook.com/research/primarysource.html. ThisisanotherpetitiontoTrumanfromOppenheimerofreasonsnottousetheAtomBombonJapan. Hesaysthatwipingouttheentirecityisnottheanswerandthattheyshouldjustadvancetheexisting weaponstheyhaveandtrytotakeoutthearmy,insteadofthewholetown.Hesaysthathedoesnot wanttobepartofaprogramthatdecidestokillsomanyandcausesomuchdeath.Thisaidedusin Trumansdecisionpageforgivinganothersidetohisdecision. N.d.Photograph.ManhattanProject:LetterfromEinsteintoRoosevelt. Web.19Mar.2013. <http://tpemathanglais.emonsite.com/pages/manhattanprojectletterfromeinsteintoroosvelt .html>. ThisisapictureoftheManhattanProjectpinthatwasgiventomembers.Fromthiswebsitewherethe picturewaswelearnedmoreabouttheprojectandwhattheirgoalswereandwhowasinvolved.The pinbecameamemorandumpieceandareminderofthepasttimes. Oppenheimer,Lawrence,Fermi,andCompton."DearMr.Secretary:."(August17,1945):12.Web. 8Jan.2013. http://hbombbook.com/pdf/aug1745.pdf. ThisisalettertotheSecretaryofWaraboutthepossibilitiesofnuclearenergy.Itisconcernedwiththe safetyofthenationandthattheywon'tusetheatomicbombforonlyannihilatingtheenemy.Theywant toatomictechnologytobeusedtopreventfuturewarsandkeeptheUnitedStatessafe.Thiswasused inourwebsitestobetterexplainthetechnologyandallofthepossibilities.

PearlHarbor,lookingsouthwest,30October1941.1941.n.p.Web.8Jan2013. http://www.famhist.us/wpcontent/uploads/2012/12/Pearl_Harbor_looking_southwestOct41.j pg. ThisisaSouthwestviewofPearlHarborbeforeitwasbombed.Itshowsallofthenavalshipsand buildingsthatmadeupthemilitaryforce.WeusedthisonthePearlHarborpagetoshowthebefore viewofbombing.

PearlHarborNewspaper.1941.NewYorkWorldTelegram,NewYork.Web.8Jan2013. http://www.history.com/images/media/slideshow/pearlharbor/pearlharbornewspaper.jpg. ThisisanewspaperarticlepublishedbyNewYorkWorldTelegramthattellsoftheattackonPearl Harborandthedeathtoll.Italsostatestheirinvolvementinthewarbecauseoftheattack.Weusedthis onourPearlHarbortoshowtheeffect.

Scientists,."APETITIONTOTHEPRESIDENTOFTHEUNITEDSTATES."(July3,1945):n. page.Web.8Jan.2013. http://hbombbook.com/pdf/jul345.pdf. Thisisapetitionmadeandsignedby18scientiststoPresidentTrumanstatingthattheydidnotwant AmericatousetheAtomicBombsontheJapanese.Theysaidthatitwasruthlessandunnecessaryand thattheyfirstwantedtogiveJapantheopportunitytosurrender.Theybelievedthattheresultsofthe atombombwouldonlymakethegovernmentandarmymoreeagertouseitbecauseofit'spossibilities andthatthatwouldleadtofutureproblemsintheUnitedStates.Thiswasveryusefulforourpageon Trumansdecisionsandthekindofthingshehadtogothroughbeforehemadehisdecision.

TheAtomicBombsandtheSovietInvasion:WhatDroveJapan'sDecisiontoSurrender?:: JapanFocus.N.d.Photograph.TheAtomicBombsandtheSovietInvasion:WhatDrove Japan'sDecisiontoSurrender?::JapanFocus.Web.19Mar.2013. <http://www.japanfocus.org/TsuyoshiHasegawa/2501>. FromthiswebsitewegotvariouspicturesofPoliticalleadersofNagasakiandHiroshima.Wealsogo somepostdevastationpicturesthathelpedusshowonourwebsitetheeffectsofthebomb.Therewere picturesofJapanesewarofficialsandtheirstanceontheissueaswell. WWIIEnds.1945.MinnesotaHistoricalSocietyNewspaperCollection,Duluth.Web.8Jan2013. http://events.mnhs.org/timepieces/SourceDetail.cfm?SourceID=351. ThisisapictureoftwoDuluthservicementhatjustgotbackfromthewarandareholdinganewsarticle thatthewarwasover.Weusedthisinoursectiondescribingtheturningpointoftheendingofthewar.

SecondarySources Bernstein,BartonJ.TheAtomicBomb:TheCriticalIssues.Boston:Little,Brown,1976.Print. Thisbookisacollectionofwritingsfromdifferentpeopleofhighimportancefromthetimethe atomicbombwasbeingdevelopedandused.Themostinfluentialpiecefromthisbookwastheoneby HenryStimson,whowasthesecretaryofwar,andhehelpedPresidentTrumanmakethedecision aboutusingthebomb.Thebookgaveushisopinionandotherclassifiedinformationaboutthe developmentandthedecision.

Burbeck,James."PearlHarborSummary."PearlHarborSummary.TheWarTime Journal,2008.Web.08Jan.2013. http://www.wtj.com/articles/pearl_harbor/. FromthissourcewelearnedexactlywhenwhyandhowPearlHarborwasbombed.Ittoldusthe planesinvolvedinthebombing,thepilotswhoflewtheplanesanddroppedthebombsandthepost PearlHarborconsequencesfortheJapanese.WelearnedhowAmericagotinvolvedinthewarand whattheydidduringthewartostarttheManhattanProjectandultimatelycreatetheatombomb. Ethan."ScienceBlogs."StartsWithABang.NationalGeographic,2009.Web.08Jan. 2013. http://scienceblogs.com/startswithabang/2009/04/03/isuraniumtheheaviest natura/. Thisisanimageofapieceofuranium235.Thiselementisessentialtothesuccessofdetonatingan AtomBomb.ThiswashelpfulforthetabwehadundertheManhattanProject,asitgaveavisualof whatexactlyisusedinthereactors.

History."TheBombingofHiroshimaandNagasaki."History.com.A&ETelevision Networks,2012.Web.08Jan.2013. OnthiswebsitewegotmoreinformationabouttheManhattanProjectandwhattheirrealgoalswere forcreatingsomethingthatwouldsilencetheJapanese.WelearnedaboutFatManandLittleBoy, theatomicbombsthatweredroppedonNagasakiandHiroshima.Welearnedwhowasinchargeof theirbuildingandtheplanesthatdroppedthem.TowardstheendofthearticleitexplainedJapans

unconditionalsurrender.

HistoryCentral."JapanLeavesLeagueofNations."Japan.HistoryCentral,2011.Web.8 Jan.2013. http://www.historycentral.com/asia/JapLeavesLeago%27Nations.html. FromthiswebsitewegottheexplanationofwhyJapanlefttheleague.Welearnedoftheaccusations putagainstJapanandhowtheywereblamedfortheManchuriaincidentasnotactinginselfdefense, andonlywishingtoconquerandacquiretheterritory.

Kelly,Martin."AmericanHistoryTimelinesTheManhattanProject."AmericanHistory TimelinesTheManhattanProject.AmericanHistory,2012.Web.08Jan.2013. http://americanhistory.about.com/library/timelines/bltimelinemanhat.htm. Fromthiswebsitewegotatimelinethatshowswhathappenedbetweenthediscoveryofheavy hydrogenin1931toJapanssurrenderin1945.Thiswasveryusefulforwhenwemadeourtimelineon thewebsite.Wewereabletoplaceeventsinthecorrectplacetocreate,basically,awholeoutlineof ourwebsitethatwassummarizedandeasytoread.Thiswasaverywellputtogethertimelineandtaught usmoreabouteventsthattookplacebeforetheManhattanProjectwasmade.

Miller,Doris."WelcometotheOfficialSiteoftheAttackonPearlHarbor."PearlHarbor History:WhyDidJapanAttack?EyewitnessAccounts,CasualtyList, Background.PearlHarbor,2012.Web.08Jan.2013. FromthiswebsitewelearnedaboutwhathappenedtoleaduptoPearlHarbor.Welearnedabouthow theJapaneseweregettingincreasinglyfrustratedwiththeembargoplacedonthemandhowtheywere secretlyplanningabombing.TheygavewarningsthattheU.Sgothourstolate,andthiswebsitegave specificsofpeople,dates,andplacesthatallleduptotheeventualbombingofPearlHarbor.

Trueman,Chris."LeagueofNations."HistoryLearningSite.N.p.,n.d. Web.8Jan2013. http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/leagueofnations.htm. OnthiswebsitewegotinformationontheLeagueofNations.Welearnedwhyitwascreatedand whichcountrieswereinvolved.Thewebsiteexplainedleagueofnationsanctionsandprocedures.It

statedtheLeaguesweaknessesandstrengths,theirvictoriesandtheirlosses.Thiswasveryhelpfulfor ustounderstandhowtheJapanesewerepunishedfortheirinvasionsonManchuriaandwhythe JapaneseultimatelyhadthemotivetoattackPearlHarbor. Ushistory.org,."TheDecisiontoDroptheBomb."U.S.HistoryOnlineTextbook.N.p.,n.d. Web.8Jan2013. http://www.ushistory.org/us/51g.asp. FromthiswebsitewegotaninsighttoHarryTrumansdecisiontodropthebomb.Wereadaboutother peoplescriticofhimandhowhisdecisionwasbarbaricandbroughtfuturenegativesideeffectstothe UnitedStates.ThisarticleaddressedtheissueofwhattheUnitedStateswoulddowiththisknowledge ofnuclearenergyandiftheywouldintegrateitintoallfieldsoftechnologicalresearchaswell.