Barnums Head

Special Report on P.T. Barnum Copyright 2006 by Joe Vitale www.mrfire.
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Special Report on P.T. Barnum Copyright 2006 by Joe Vitale www.mrfire.com Page 2

The following is a rare article from 1852, printed in the AMERICAN PHRENOLOGICAL JOURNAL, a publication for devotees of the study of bumps on the head. At the time, this was considered a powerful tool of psychology. Phrenology has been almost universally considered completely discredited as a science since the mid-19th century. Even during the peak of its popularity between the 1820s and 1840s, phrenology was always controversial and never achieved the status of an accredited science. This rare article is from my private collection of books by and about P.T. Barnum. I think youll find it fascinating. Or is it a humbug? Enjoy! Joe Vitale www.mrfire.com
P.T. Barnum and General Tom Thumb

AMERICAN PHRENOLOGICAL JOURNAL November 1852

PHINEAS T. BARNUM
HIS CHARACTER AND BIOGRAPHY
To gratify a very laudable curiosity, and to illustrate the truth of our science, we herewith present the public with a portrait, the Phrenological developments and a biographical sketch of this very remarkable man. On examination, we find the following conditions. A well developed body, neither corpulent nor spare, with a compact, full-sized brain; an active temperament, with sufficient vitality to enable him to perform much mental or physical labor. He is from a long-lived ancestry a healthy parentage exhibiting no signs of acquired or hereditary disease. With ordinary care, accidents excepted, he may attain a greater age than is awarded to mankind generally. We find the size of his Phrenological developments, on a scale of 7, as follows: Amativeness..... 6 Philoprogenitiveness..6 Adhesiveness..6 Inhabitiveness.6 Continuity...3 Combativeness...6 Destructiveness..5 Alimentiveness..6 Acquisitiveness..5 Secretiveness..4 Cautiousness...3 to 4 Approbativeness.5 Self-Esteem5 Firmness.6 Conscientiousness.....5 Hope...6 Marvelousness....4 Veneration..6 Benevolence...6 Constructiveness....5 Ideality....5 Sublimity....6 Imitation.....4 Mirthfulness....5 to 6 Individuality..6 Form..6 Size.6 Weight6 Color..4 Order..5 Calcuation..5 Locality..6 Eventuality.6 Time...5 Tune5 Language6 Causality.5 Comparison.6 to 7 Human Nature....6 Agreeableness....6

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
The vicissitudes of the life of Mr. Barnum, his indomitable industry gigantic enterprise and success, have awakened an almost universal desire among his countrymen to learn something authentic concerning his history. Precisely at this moment, says one of our leading journalists, Mr. Barnum is one of the most marked individuals in this country. He might have added in England too, and to a great extent on the continent also, where his previous successes won him a name, and where the knowledge of his unprecedentedly liberal engagement of the worlds idol, Jenny Lind, has won him fresh and imperishable laurels in both name and fame. It was a pleasant summers day in his palace of Iranistan, in Fairfield, on the border of Bridgeport, Conn., that Mr. Barnum discoursed with the writer and collator of this article on the desire he entertained of engaging Jenny Lind to come over to America to give concerts. There was then no other prospect of the greatest vocal wonder and paragon of the world visiting our shores, and his chance seemed to be doubtful. His chances were his fortune and his idomitable spirit, which latter has carried him to the high position he now enjoys. America he said, ought to hear her; and I should be proud to render my countrymen such a service if I did not make a cent by it, nay, more, if I lost by the speculation. It was indeed a great risk for even a company to undertake, much more to be undertaken by one individual. There was the possibility of Miss Linds not making that great sensation that would command those prices which could make the speculation safe not to say profitable and the many attempts that might be made, as have been done successfully here before, by impertinent busy-bodies, to separate the contracting parties. But Barnum felt a firm reliance upon his own generalship, and knew well that if he could but get her from abroad, he should have nothing to fear from opposition at home. How he succeeded in engaging the delight of Europe, her sweet nightingale, and how he has put down and silenced all attempts at opposition, are matters of the musical worlds history. Parties who were successful in other cases, with weaker nerves and selfish feelings to play upon, were perfectly aground in attempting to move the high-minded and wholly unselfish woman. We give, from various sources, the Home Journal, Boston Times, and our own reminiscences, some sketches of his rise and progress, and the multiplicity and magnitude of the undertakings in which he has been and is engaged.

Mr. Barnum was born at Danbury, Conn., July 5th, 1810. The portion of Danbury in which he was ushered into the world was Bethel. He has purchased the Cot in which he was born; and in it, beneath the old elm tree, his mother will pass the remainder of her days. The elegance of her home bears ample evidence of the ability and filial love of her son. Mr. Barnum became a clerk in a store in the city of Brooklyn, but most evidently was not fitted for that line of life. Returning to his native place he was not pleased with some things that he found agitating the public mind. He sought to gain access to the popular ear through the columns of the only paper in Danbury. His communications were rejected. He established a paper on his own account. This he edited with great vigor and ability. His thorough independence, characteristic of his whole life, his detestation of tyranny his firm determination to uphold the rights of his fellow man, caused him to hammer away at some petty officials of the place, with just as much mercy as they deserved, which was just none at all. They, however, smarting under the castigation so well laid on, determined to be revenged by instituting a libel suit against him. In those days the newspaper press had not gained the great position for good it now enjoys, and there was no voice more potential then the judges. The institution of the suit was sure to bring conviction, and convicted he was, of calling men who were either knaves or dunces, we forget which, by their proper names. The sore ones got nothing for their pains. During the short retirement to which his persecutors subjected him (he was fined $100 and imprisoned sixty days) his pen was constantly employed in denunciation of those who had rendered themselves odious. He was considered a martyr to the public good, and when his honorable captivity was over he was carried to the same court-house where two months previous he had received conviction and sentence, and here an oration was delivered on the freedom of the press, in presence of thousands who had congregated from all parts of the country, including statesmen, members of Congress, &c., some having come a distance of one hundred miles for that purpose. After the oration came a grand dinner, toasts, music, roaring of cannon, &c.; after which he was taken into a carriage, drawn by eight horses, and escorted home by a great triumphal procession. That was one of Barnums proud days, he has had many since, but he will ever remember that, it being the first. Finding he could do nothing with the stupidities whom he sought for three years to improve, the gave them up as hopeless cases, and pursued more profitable occupations than that ill paid labor of editing a paper. In the course of a few years, his untiring industry, his knowledge of human nature, his aptitude for business, realized him a considerable fortune, which in a brief space of time, by engaging in mercantile pursuits, melted from his grasp. He had now to commence the world again with that indomitable spirit of which we have spoken, and sound experience, valuable in the end, although very expensive in the purchase. He had nothing else, but these were sufficient. His first stepping stone to the princely fortune he now possesses was his engaging the American Museum which Get Joe Vitales book Theres A Customer Born Every Minute at
bears his name. It was then in a very forlorn state. It was virtually defunct, but Barnum resuscitated it; enlarged and improved it twice or thrice, and made it the elegant place of amusement it now is. In 1843, Barnum picked up little Tom Thumb, a regular Hop-o-my-Thumb. This speculation pushed on still further the rising fortunes of the Museum. At first little Tom held out no prospect of being the star he is. He was a pretty little fellow whom the ladies called a pet, a love, and a duck, and Barnum used to carry him under his cloak and surprise his friends by the production of the little prodigy. But Barnum soon found that the little fellow was good natured, amiable, and attentive, and had an aptitude to learn and to retain what had been taught him. How speedily Barnum brought out all the dwarfs available talent is well known. But for Barnum the little Thumb would never have been the big Thumb he is. This was proved during the short session when Tom or his parents set him up upon his own hook, when his attractions fell off most wonderfully. Tom and his parents have, however, realized a handsome sum by the engagement with Barnum, and the General has got a very nice little palace of his own at Bridgeport, Connecticut. The Boston Times, speaking of Mr. Barnums character, fortune, and gigantic enterprises, says: -Mr. Barnum has for a long time past been called the Prince of showmen, and the term has been applied to him without much regard to its application as refers to his sagacity, or to his moral or intellectual qualities. While many have laughed at some unique contrivances which Mr. Barnum has produced for general amusement, they have scarcely given a thought to the infinite tact and skill, and thorough acquaintance with human nature which those exhibitions demonstrated. In the hands of any other man, these ovations would probably never have proved popular or entertaining. But notwithstanding his personal ability, Mr. Barnum is greatly assisted in his efforts by good and capable assistants, among whom is Mr. Greenwood, who has charge of his New York business in Mr. Barnums absence, and Mr. Le Grand Smith, his efficient and able manager in that great achievement, the Jenny Lind advent. The latter is an enterprise which, we candidly believe, no one but Mr. Barnum could have conducted to a fortunate result. No man but Barnum would have dared to offer the fair nightingale such princely offers to cross the Atlantic, and to visit a world almost unknown to her, and to whom she was unknown except by fame. She might have come, but that is extremely doubtful, upon her own responsibility, and then have received as cordial and hearty a welcome from the American people, as she has under the auspices of Barnum. Yet no one will deny but that Mr. Barnums great tact has essentially assisted in rendering Mlle Linds success so unparalleled as it has thus far been. Mr. Barnum deposited in the hands of Messrs. Baring, London, one hundred and fifty thousand dollars as a guarantee that Mlle Lind should be well paid, and on her arrival in America, though he was bound to pay her but one thousand dollars per night, he Get Joe Vitales book Theres A Customer Born Every Minute at
voluntarily and generously enlarged her contract, and gave her addition to the $1,000 per night, about one-half of the net proceeds of each concert. Mr. Barnums mind seems ever to rest. As soon as one giant enterprise is achieved, another is contemplated, and, as if with a wand of magic, lo! its fruits are before the world. Besides the assiduous attention bestowed by Mr. Barnum upon arrangements connected with Mlle Linds engagement, he still conducts, through reliable agents, with great popularity and immense pecuniary profit, two great places of public amusement, and a number of lesser exhibitions. The American Museum, one of the largest and most conspicuous buildings in the city of New York, is a source of great profit, and the country visitor considers that he has not been to town, unless he has witnessed the wonders of the American Museum, Broadway. It is also a favorite place of resort for the citizens, for Barnum, with that sagacity and tact which so distinguish the character of the man, never palls the public appetite by a long continuance of the same species of amusement. Nothing is ever suffered to drag in the hands of Barnum. His entertainments at the American are constantly varying. New plays are brought forward new actors and actresses introduced new wonders from earth, sea, and air are constantly being added to the half million curiosities, so that visitors, even from day to day, certainly from week to week, can be sure to find something interesting, refreshing, or diverting every time they attend. This museum is under the immediate management of Mr. Greenwood. We cannot enumerate positively the numerous other enterprises in which Barnum is either directly or indirectly engaged but they are so multitudinous that it would seem to require the arms of Briareus to keep the machinery of all in successful operation. They are all profitable, or you may be sure Barnum would drop them at once. He is not one to hold on to an unfortunate speculation, nor to an exploded idea nor to mourn over the unsuccessful issue, if such a thing ever happens, of any enterprise he undertakes. Including his splendid Turkish palace, called Iranistan, near Bridgeport, Connectitcut, and considerable real estate in New York, Philadelphia, and other places, Mr. Barnums fortune can be safely set down at one million of dollars and increasing every day and hour he lives. This he has accumulated within comparatively a short space of time, for it seems to us but yesterday when we saw Mr. Barnum with scarcely a five dollar bill at his command. But by industry, economy, and the spirit of a giant to conduct the conceptions of his mind to a successful termination; above all, a proper, judicious, and liberal plan of advertising in the newspapers, have enabled Mr. Barnum to reach a pinnacle in fame and fortune which but few others ever attained. The latter element, advertising, is at the command of every person, but there are very few who know its importance in building up fortunes, and fewer still who take advantage of it. Mr. Barnum is a charitable man, and strictly honorable in all his business relations. He never makes an engagement that he does not fulfill, but his great fortune enables him to be independent, and to suffer no dictation or dereliction from duty in those with whom he has dealings. He is a strictly temperance man, and his recent handsome donation to Father Mathew will create a feeling of gratitude in the breast of all supporters Get Joe Vitales book Theres A Customer Born Every Minute at
of the cause.* At the late Dramatic Fund Anniversary in New York, his subscription was one-third of all the amount collected - $1,500.00. *Mr. Barnum has been indefatigable in the cause of temperance, upon which he has delivered a number of lectures and gained many proselytes. He presented $500 to Father Mathew. ______________________________________________________________________ people. Long may Barnum live to enjoy his fortune, and dispense joy and happiness to the
Mr. Barnum has been called a humbug, and he himself has bragged about exhibiting a fictitious nurse of Washington, a mermaid manufactured by himself from a codfish and monkey, a wooly horse of his own getting up, &c., &c. The truth in regard to these and kindred subjects has never appeared in print, and consequently Barnum has been viewed in a false light a light, perhaps, of his own creating nevertheless, as we wish to show him as he is, we must be pardoned for publishing the facts, as we know them, briefly, and, we repeat, for the first time. Barnum himself was the first man who ever applied the term humbug to his own name. He wished to obtain in some way a notoriety, that would, by bringing him prominently before the public, enable him, by handling the cards as he knew how to handle them, to gain a fortune. He, therefore, dubbed himself a humbug, and soon got the title ringing throughout the Union from the public and the press. To aid this idea, he published fictitious stories of his exploits with old Joice Heth, the Negress represented as 161 years of age, and the nurse of Washington, and in due time he manufactured similar stories regarding the mermaid, wooly horse, &c., &c. Now, the people whom Barnum humbugged were only those editors who published his stories, and those readers who believed them. The stories were fictitious, romances written for effect, tales told to answer the purpose of so many advertisements for Barnum. His purpose was accomplished his objects gained he became notorious celebrated as a sharp and singularly cute genius, and a most terrible humbug. The consequence was, he himself became a curiosity, and the people longed not only to see him, but whatever he had to exhibit.*
___________________________________________________________________ *A few years since a stranger came to the office of the American Museum, and, paying a quarter of a dollar, received his ticket. Before proceeding further, he inquired of the ticket-seller if Barnum was in the Museum. This is Mr. Barnum, replied the ticketseller, pointing to Mr. B., who was reading a newspaper in the office. Are you Mr. Get Joe Vitales book Theres A Customer Born Every Minute at
Barnum? inquired the stranger, as Mr. B. raised his eyes from the paper. Yes sir, replied Barnum. I have got the worth of my money, said the stranger, throwing down the ticket, and he departed in great glee, without entering the Museum. This was just what he wanted. A year ago, Barnum said to the man who manages his great traveling caravan of elephants, &c: - What do the people say about my big show? They say it is a humbug, was the reply. Thats right, said Barnum, keep them talking that way and it will add at least $10,000 a year to the receipts. How so? inquired the manager. Because 40,000 persons, who would never otherwise have visited the exhibition, will now go to see whether it is a humbug or not, said Barnum. The manager says that such as proved the fact, and that no public exhibition has ever traveled in America that drew half the number of persons that flock to Barnums caravan. So much for notoriety even if it is the notoriety of being a humbug. But those who have known Barnums character for liberality, benevolence, and real goodness of heart - those who are aware of his enlarged and liberal views of religion, morality, and the welfare of the human race, have found it difficult to harmonize these peculiarities with his self-acknowledged character of being a humbug. They could not see how a man who was really a philanthropist, spending his money and his time for the relief of his fellow-men, could at the same time be contriving plans to obtain from them money, even 25 cents at a time, under false pretences. We now state, that so far, from Barnum ever doing anything of this kind, there is no caterer for the amusement of the public, in this or any other country, that ever gave the people their moneys worth to anything like the extent that Barnum always does. Is Barnums New York Museum, for instance, a humbug? Why, a few years since, the great Chinese collection was exhibiting in Broadway at 50 cents, and called cheap at that. Peales Museum was open in Broadway at 25 cents admission. Our theatrical companies then, as now, charged from 25 cents to 75 cents. At this moment Barnums Museum contains all of the Chinese collection the entire of Peales Museum and Picture Gallery, as well as several other museum collections, all the great American Museum collection, which cost its founder, Mr. Scudder, $100,000, and at least another $75,000 or $100,000 of curiosities collected by Barnum himself in eleven years from all parts of the globe, to which is added one of the most talented theatrical companies in this city, the whole of which is exhibited for 25 cents. And the same good order and decorum, the same cleanliness, system, and propriety that so eminently characterized the Jenny Lind Concerts, under the direction of the indefatigable Barnum, mark every department of the American Museum, under his charge. Does this look like humbug? But what about Joice Heth, the mermaid, the wooly horse, and all those impositions of which we have heard so much? We will tell you briefly, and we pledge our reputation that we tell you what we know to be the truth, and is susceptible of indubitable proof. In the month of June, 1835, a Negro woman was begin exhibited at Masonic Hall, in the city of Philadelphia, as the Get Joe Vitales book Theres A Customer Born Every Minute at
nurse of Washington. She was called Joice Heth, and was represented as 161 years old. Her fame had reached New York some weeks before she reached Philadelphia. She was exhibited by R. W. Lindsey, of Louisville, Ky., who brought Joice all the way from that city, exhibiting her on the route, and also exhibiting an antiquated bill of sale to prove her alleged age. At this time Barnum had never seen Joice Heth. He, however, believed the story, and went to Philadelphia to endeavor to secure the exhibition for himself. Lindsey agreed to sell out for $1,000, and gave Barnum a week to raise the money. Barnum returned to New York, found a friend, who joined him in the speculation, and taking the money to Philadelphia, paid it to Lindsey, received old Joice from his hands, with a contract signed by Lindsey giving him the right to exhibit her in consideration of the $1,000 paid by Barnum. Barnum, of course, himself believed the story of Joice Heths age, of her having been the nurse of Washington, or he would never have paid $1,000 for her. R.W. Lindsey is now living in Lynn, Mass., and will corroborate this statement, and Mr. Lindsey still declares that he has no doubt whatever of the genuineness of the bill of sale which established her age at 161, nor of her having really attained that age. The contrary has never been proved nor has anything like proof appeared, except the opinions of some surgeons at her post-mortem examination, and the confessions of Barnum that he had humbugged the public confessions made only for the purpose of getting notoriety, and just as true as many other advertisements of wonderful cures by quack medicines, &c, and no more so. So MUCH FOR JOICE HETH.
THE FEJJEE MERMAID Barnum has had the credit of making this exhibition. Here are the facts. In the summer of 1842, a gentleman from Boston took the mermaid to New York, and told Barnum the following story, which he believed, and which he and Barnum now believe to be true. Here is the story: --
About the year 1817, the captain of a Boston ship was in China, and there saw what he believed to be a preserved specimen of a veritable mermaid. He was astonished at seeing what he had so often heard of, and fully believed in he regarded it as the most extraordinary curiosity in the world, and bought it, paying $5,000 of the ships money to secure it. He left the ship in charge of the mate, and went to London to exhibit his mermaid. He could not succeed in making the fortune which he anticipated, and he returned to Boston with the mermaid. He always believed it a genuine animal, and preserved it with great care till the day of his death. His son, a sailor, and his only heir, sold the animal to the gentleman from Boston before noticed, and he brought it to New York for Barnums inspection. Such was the story. Barnum believed it, and calling his naturalist asked his opinion regarding the genuineness of the animal. The naturalist replied that he could not conceive how it was manufactured, for he never knew a monkey with such peculiar teeth, hands, &c., nor did he know a fish of such peculiar fins. Then, why do you suppose it is manufactured? asked Barnum. Because I dont believe in mermaids, replied the naturalist. Thats no reason at all, said Barnum, and therefore Ill believe in the mermaid, and hire it. Get Joe Vitales book Theres A Customer Born Every Minute at
He did so, and in his puffing way, which none understand better than himself, he got up a pamphlet with pictures of mermaids gave several fictitious accounts of the capture of such animals, described how this was caught at the Fejee Islands, &c., &c., and great crowds came to see it. That same mermaid is now being exhibited in the Boston Museum, and no naturalist has yet been found who can classify the monkey and fish from which it was manufactured, if it ever was manufactured. Indeed, if it is a fiction, (which it probably is,) it is a wonderful curiosity as a work of art, and it is probably a work of the Japanese, who made it as an idol for worship. The Yankee captain who bought it was told that it was purchased from some Japanese sailors. Hon. Moses Kimball and other gentleman in Boston know the above to be the facts, as does James W. Hale, Esq., and others, in New York. The WOOLY HORSE was really a curious freak of nature. His skin was actually covered with a fine, curly, wooly substance, which was very extraordinary. Barnum came through Cincinnati in 1847, on his way home from Havana, New Orleans & c., where he had been exhibiting General Tom Thumb. He saw this horse and purchased him in Cincinnati, for the sum of $500. The horse had been exhibited as a curiosity and much money received for the exhibition months before Barnum ever saw him. Barnum sent him to New York, and by means of pictures, paragraphs in the papers, &c., and by announcing the wooly horse as a wonderful animal, captured by Colonel Fremont and his party in the Rocky Mountains, after a chase of three days, he raised a great furore, and started the crowd. But the horse was really a curiosity, and was not, as Barnum had led the public to suppose, manufactured by him by covering him dexterously with an old buffalo skin, sewed in imperceptible stitches to the animals living hide. The wooly horse was not a humbug, and if it had been, Barnum was not the originator of it. A would-be knowing chap in a neighboring city once whispered in Barnums ear as follows: Now, Barnum, I know Tom Thumb is a humbug, or you would have nothing to do with him. You have already exhibited him six years, and he dont appear to grow. How do you manage it? I am afraid to trust you with my secret, said Barnum gravely. Honor bright Ill never betray you, positively, was the earnest reply. Well, the fact is, I keep several light-haired children in constant training, and as fast as one grows and gets too large, I fill its place by a smaller one, and by moving about from town to town, I call it the same Tom Thumb, and people dont know the difference.

The man believed this hoax, and probably told of it often in confidence, and it is by a thousand and one such strivings after notoriety that Barnum has succeeded in acquiring a title which does not belong to him, and which is not in accordance with his true character. A gentleman in Connectitcut who has known Barnum well from his childhood to the present hour, says in a letter to a fried: -- I know of no public man whose true character is so little known and so generally misapprehended as that of P.T. Barnum. The public who know him not, but judge merely from what they have read or heard of him, regard him as a scheming, selfish man, whose principles hang very loosely upon him, and whose great and almost only desire is to obtain money. Many persons give him credit for one desire more, viz: official station, and therefore, as a matter of course, they believe him to be a fawning demagogue, ready to espouse any cause or any set of principles, political or religious, so that by so doing he gets a better chance for office. This is all wrong. BARNUMS TRUE CHARCTER IS THE VERY ANTIPODES OF ALL THIS. He possesses a speculative disposition and generally manages to hit upon some plan that, aided by his untiring perserverance, will result in quick and large profits, but when these profits are once gained his end is accomplished, and then he expends as liberally as he has earned. There is nothing miserly in his disposition, but on the contrary, he is generous to a fault, and many a time has he been sadly imposed upon, on account of his too great readiness to relieve those whom he believed in need. Barnum is not, however, an ostentatious giver. We seldom see his name paraded on published subscription lists these he studiously avoids but thousands of recipients of his charity can testify that he knows practically the blessing of those who give. As for political aspirations I am convinced that Barnum has none, or if he has, that they are not sufficiently strong to induce him to play the demagogue for the sake of office. He has always been a voter in the democratic ranks, until April, 1852, and his political friends were ready to give him any office he might desire. It is within my own knowledge that active and influential members of his party offered him the opportunity of being nominated for Congress; also for Governor of the State of Connecticut, with strong prospects of success, but Mr. Barnum invariably declined all such proposals, giving as a principal reason for so doing, that he could not consent to play the double part, and perform the dirty work which a political party would expect, and therefore we find him at this propitious moment throwing away his chances for political preferment, and embarking body and purse in the cause of temperance, devoting months of his precious time to lecturing at mid-winder, throughout the various towns in the north and eastern portions of the State, always paying his own expenses, and contributing liberally for the cause of temperance and the Maine Law, crowning his labor on the day of election, by voting for the first time in his life against his own political party, in favor of the temperance candidates. Now, a course so unpopular as this among politicians, and so destructive to his political prospects, could not have been taken if Barnum had not been a man of independent feelings, and one who was moved by higher considerations than personal aggrandizement. In religion, Mr. Barnum is an independent as in politics. He does not truckle to wealth nor popularity, but, although a member of no church, he openly expresses himself Get Joe Vitales book Theres A Customer Born Every Minute at
a decided Universalist in his religious belief, and has given thousands of dollars toward building a Universalist church in Bridgeport, besides contributing to other churches of the same denomination in various parts of the country, and subscribing several thousand dollars to the Universalist college, besides giving $1,000 toward sending a Universalist missionary to Great Britain. He, however, is a tolerationist, and always purchases slips in some of the other churches for such visitors and members of his family as prefer to occupy them. He has contributed toward building many orthodox churches throughout the land, but recently has been known to reply to solictaitons for that purpose: -- I will give $500 toward your church if your pastor will exchange pulpits with mine, but if my religion is deemed heresy by you, I ought not (being a heretic) to be expected to contribute toward building your church. Barnums neighbors, and all persons who know him personally and intimately, will corroborate what we have said of him. If P.T. Barnums true history is ever written at length, it will be found that he is just about the last man among us who is fairly entitled to the name of humbug, and then it will be found that his Phrenological developments reveal him as he is. end


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Special Report on P.T. Barnum Copyright 2006 by Joe Vitale www.mrfire.

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P.T. Barnum and General Tom Thumb

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AMERICAN PHRENOLOGICAL JOURNAL November 1852

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