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Module 12:Insitu Ground Reinforcement and liquefaction of soils Lecture 40:Evaluation of zone of liquefaction in field The Lecture Contains:
Liquefaction of soils
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Module 12:Insitu Ground Reinforcement and liquefaction of soils Lecture 40:Evaluation of zone of liquefaction in field Liquefaction of soils
Seed and Peacock (1971) demonstrated that for a uniform medium sand were about 1.2 times the laboratory value. field value
Table-40.1
Relative Density
0-50 60 80
Up to a relative density of 50%, the peak pulsating shear stress causing liquefaction increase almost linearly with increase in relative density. Following general relation is suggested
Where
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Module 12:Insitu Ground Reinforcement and liquefaction of soils Lecture 40:Evaluation of zone of liquefaction in field Liquefaction of soils
Evaluation of zone of liquefaction in field
Figure 40.1
Liquefaction occurs if the shear stress induced by earth quake is more than the shear stress predicted. In a sand deposit, consider a column of soil of height h and unit area of cross-section subjected to maximum ground acceleration . at depth h is given by Assume soil column to rigid body, the maximum shear stress
Since the soil column behaves as a deformable body the actual shear stress at depth h
is
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Figure 40.2 Seed and Idriss (1971) recommended the use of charts for obtaining the value of
at various depth.
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Module 12:Insitu Ground Reinforcement and liquefaction of soils Lecture 40:Evaluation of zone of liquefaction in field Liquefaction of soils
The critical depth for developed of liquefaction is less than 12m. According to Seed and Idriss (1971), the average equivalent uniform shear stress of the maximum shear stress . is about 65%
is given in table
Established the design earthquake, obtained peak ground acceleration significant cycles Obtain Determine at depth h below the ground surface (18) for given value of
. obtain number of
for the
Determine
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Figure 40.3
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Module 12:Insitu Ground Reinforcement and liquefaction of soils Lecture 40:Evaluation of zone of liquefaction in field Liquefaction of soils
Evaluation of liquefaction potential using standard penetration Resistance Used to measure the relative density of cohesion less soil correction factor (CN)
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30-35 >50
05-85 >85
36-41 >41
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Module 12:Insitu Ground Reinforcement and liquefaction of soils Lecture 40:Evaluation of zone of liquefaction in field Liquefaction of soil
On the basis of more comprehensive study on the subject and data presented by other investigator (Seed and Peacock 1971, Christian and Swige, 1976 Mori et al, 1977, Seed 1979) proposed the following procedure for liquefaction analysis.
Establish the design earthquake, and obtained the peak ground acceleration the number of significant cycles. Determine Determine at depth h below ground surface. value. (from figure) for the given magnitude of earthquake and
also obtained
Figure 40.5
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Module 12:Insitu Ground Reinforcement and liquefaction of soils Lecture 40:Evaluation of zone of liquefaction in field Liquefaction of soils
At depth h, liquefaction will occur if .
which is defined as
R is the ratio of insitu cycles strength of soil and effective over burden pressure. It depends on relative density, effective over burden pressure and mean particle size. For
For
N = Observed value of standard penetration resistance Effective overburden pressure at the depth under consideration for liquefaction Mean grain size in mm. L = Ratio of dynamic load induced by seismic motion and effective overburden pressure
Peak ground acceleration due to earthquake. M = Magnitude of earthquake D = Maximum epicentral distance in KM Total overburden pressure reduction factor to accent flexibility of the ground g = acceleration due to gravity
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Figure 40.6
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Module 12:Insitu Ground Reinforcement and liquefaction of soils Lecture 40:Evaluation of zone of liquefaction in field Liquefaction of soil
Example :40.1 At a given site, a boring supplemented with standard penetration tests was done up to 15.0 m depth. The results of boring are as given below.
Depth(m)
Classification of soils
N- value
Remark
1.5 3.0 4.5 6.0 7.5 9.0 10.5 12.0 13.0 15.0
SP SP SM SM SM SP SW SW SW SW
0.18 0.20 0.12 0.14 0.13 0.16 0.20 0.22 0.22 0.24
3 5 6 9 12 17 20 18 24 30
19 30 35 40 45 52 52 46 60 65 (b) . (a)Position of water table lies 1.5m below the ground surface
The site is located in seismically active region, and is likely to subjected by an earthquake of magnitude 7.5 determine the zone of liquefaction. Seed & Idriss (1971) method.
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Module 12:Insitu Ground Reinforcement and liquefaction of soils Lecture 40:Evaluation of zone of liquefaction in field
Seed and Idriss (1971) method: From Fig,
For
. Average of
two values in the stress ratio for number of significant cycles equal to 20. The stress causing liquefaction avg depth. Computation of .
Table 40.4
S.No 1 2 3
Total Stress 28.5 58.5 88.5 0.99 0.98 0.97 1.52 3.10 4.64
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4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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Module 12:Insitu Ground Reinforcement and liquefaction of soils Lecture 40:Evaluation of zone of liquefaction in field
Computation of
Table 40.5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.5 3.0 4.5 6.0 7.5 9.0 10.5 12.0 13.5 15.0
28.5 43.5 58.5 73.5 88.5 103.5 118.5 133.5 148.5 163.5
19 30 35 40 45 52 52 46 60 65
0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.555 0.573 0.573 0.556 0.60 0.61
0.2198 0.2260 0.2012 0.2074 0.2043 0.2146 0.2260 0.2298 0.2298 0.3336
1.31 3.24 4.53 6.71 9.03 13.17 15.96 15.69 24.57 30.29
Iwasakis Method:
Table 40.6
S.no 1 2
N 3 5
R 0.2189 0.2398
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3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
6 9 12 17 20 18 24 30
Table 40.7
S.no 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Depth(m) 1.5 3.0 4.5 6.0 7.5 9.0 10.5 12.0 13.5 15.0 1.000 1.345 1.513 1.612 1.678 1.725 1.758 1.787 1.808 1.826 0.99 0.98 0.97 0.97 0.96 0.95 0.94 0.92 0.91 0.90
L 0.0820 0.1092 0.1215 0.1295 0.1334 0.1357 0.1367 0.1362 0.1363 0.1361 2.67 2.196 2.427 2.397 2.544 2.597 2.498 2.260 2.478 2.545
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S.no
Depth(m)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.5 3.0 4.5 6.0 7.5 9.0 10.5 12.0 13.5 15.0
1.52 3.10 4.64 6.21 7.69 9.14 10.54 11.90 13.23 14.51
1.31 3.24 4.53 6.71 9.03 13.17 15.96 15.69 24.57 30.29
liquefaction
2.670 2.196 2.427 2.397 2.544 2.597 2.498 2.260 2.478 2.545