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Demographic Characteristics
According to the July 2012 estimate population of United Kingdom is 63,047,162. It has the 22nd largest population in world. Its population density is among the largest in the world and almost one-third of the population lives in England Almost one-third of the population lives in England. The UK has an extremely high literacy rate of 99%. Parents are obliged to have their children educated from the ages of 5 to 16. The Church of England and the Church of Scotland serve as the official churches of their respective countries. The population is mainly white, with 92.1%, followed by 4% South Asian, 2% black, 1.2% mixed, 0.4% Chinese and 0.4% other.
Population
The United Kingdom has a total estimated population of 63,047,162 people. As per the estimate of year 2000 it was 59,511,460. The average annual percent change in the population is 0.553% resulting from a surplus or deficit of births over deaths and the balance of migrants entering and leaving a
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country. As per population growth rate UK is raked 146th in the world. As per 2011 estimate 83.9% of population is in England, 8.4% in Scotland, 4.8% in Wales and 2.9% in Northern Ireland. The major populated cities of UK are LONDON (capital) 8.615 million; Birmingham 2.296 million; Manchester 2.247 million; West Yorkshire 1.541 million; Glasgow 1.166 million. The UK's high population density is thanks to the extremely high population density in England, as it has a very large population, yet is only an island, with not much land area. The birth rate is 12.27 births per 1000 people and the death Rate is 9.33 deaths per thousand people. The average life expectancy is 78.05 years for male and 82.4 year for female. Past data shows that currently in UK death rate is decreasing while birth rate is increasing.
Population (m)
64 63 62 61 60 59 58
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57 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Detail chart of population and population growth rate is given in Appendix (F)
Age Structure
In Dec 2012 Office of National Statistics has summarized the key feature of the age distribution profile for UK. This data depicts that people who aged 6064 were born following the Second World War and those aged 40-49 born during the 1960 baby boom. There is a smaller number of children aged five to nine years than ten years ago which is a consequence of low numbers of births at the beginning of the 20th century, and the broadening of the pyramid in the 0-4 years category is due to a higher numbers of births in recent years. At older ages, females outnumber males, reflecting the higher life expectancy of females. At younger
Detail chart of age structure is given in Appendix (G)
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ages there are more males than females, reflecting that there are slightly more boys than girls born each year. In age group 0-14 nearly 5.7 million are male while 5.2 m are female, in age group 15-64 nearly 20.8m are male while 20.95m are female and in age group 65+ nearly 4.6m are male while 5.8m are female. In UK sex ratio for new birth is 1.05 male per every female, for age bracket 1-14 is 1.05 male per every female, for age bracket 15-64 is 1.02 male per every female and for 65 years and over age bracket sex ratio is 0.8 male per every female. Male to female ratio for overall population is according to July 2011 estimate is 0.99 male per every female.
Dependency Ratio
The Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) in the United Kingdom was last reported at 51.87 in 2011, according to a World Bank report published in 2012. Age dependency ratio is the ratio of dependents--people younger than 15 or older than 64--to the working-age population--those ages 1564. Data are shown as the proportion of dependents per 100 working-age population. As the ratio is increasing in given chart this means burden on productive part of the population is increasing. This will result in direct impact on financial expenditure on things line pension funding, old age benefit program, social securities etc. The main reason is that low birth rates in the UK as compare to other countries and rising life expectancy are leading to a rapid aging and a decline in working age population. That means that the dependency ratio is gradually moving up. Obviously, the higher the ratio, the fewer working people there are to pay for the elderly. If that continues, than at some point the cost of supporting the elderly will become unsustainable.
Ethnicity
The UK is a very multicultural place and ethnically diverse. Main ethnic groups include British, Asians, and Africans/African Americans. The 2001 census showed that 92.1% was of the population was White, of which English are 83.6%, Scottish are 8.6%, Welsh are 4.9% and Northern Irish are 2.9% where as there are2% Black, 1.8% Indian, 1.3% Pakistani, 1.2% mixed and 1.6%are others. The country has been struggling with issues revolving around multiculturalism, immigration and national identity. This is against a background of concerns about terrorism and Islamist radicalism, heightened after the suicide bomb attacks on London's transport network in 2005. One of the more
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recent trends in migration has been the arrival of workers from the new EU member states in Eastern Europe.
Religion
The main and traditional religion in the UK is Christianity. The Church of England (Anglican) is the established church in England. Similarly, the Church of Scotland (a Presbyterian Church) is regarded as the 'national church' but it is not official. Wales and Northern Ireland do not have an established church. Most people (71.6%) are Christian, but other main religions include Muslim, Hindu, Sikh, and Judaism.
2. Couple, no children: 248 per week 4. Lone parent, 2 children: 264 per week 6. Couple, 1 child: 297 per week 8. Couple, 3 children: 396 per week
UK PESTLE Analysis
Waris Hussain
As far as Education is concerned each country of the United Kingdom has a separate education system, with power over education matters in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland being devolved. Education is mandatory from ages five to sixteen. The UK has some of the top universities in the world with Cambridge, Oxford, London and Edinburgh ranked amongst the top 20 in the 2011. The United Kingdom's high literacy rate (99%) is attributable to universal public education introduced for the primary level in 1870 and secondary level in 1900. Government expenditure in UK is about 5.5% of GDP and it is ranked 44 in the world for his expenditure on Education. Education is one of the United Kingdom great export industry. International (non-UK) students in UK HE in 2010-11: totaled 428,225 compared with 405,810 in 2009-10 (an increase of 6%), with full-time undergraduate study up 9%, full-time taught postgraduate courses up 8% and full-time research postgraduates up 4%, while full-time "other" undergraduates and postgraduates, and all part-time non-UK student numbers decreased. made up 14% of full-time first degree students and 13% of all first degree students made up 70% of full-time taught postgraduates and 46% of all taught postgraduates made up 48% of full-time research degree students and 41% of all research postgraduates
Culture
UK life is an incredible mix of international cultures and contemporary thinking, held together by a strong sense of identity and tradition. The food you can buy in the UK reflects the many ethnic influences in British society. Most supermarkets sell ingredients from Asia, Africa, the Caribbean and Latin America, as well as food from many other parts of the world. Music is a big part of UK culture. Whether you just listen or take part, youll find pop, rock, electro , hip-hop, classical, folk, and jazz, opera and all sorts of world music. The UK also has a vibrant theatre and performing arts heritage, maintaining both traditional plays and musicals, and encouraging new and alternative productions. There are cinemas in almost every UK town and city, showing feature films from all over the world. There are also many film festivals in Britain, focusing on themes in film, specific directors or animation. The UK offers an incredible and beautiful landscape for walking, climbing, cycling, mountain-biking and running. The mountains of Scotland and Wales, the rolling hills of England and Northern Ireland, the Lake District and the Yorkshire moors, as well as the coastline of all parts of the UK will be all around you. Many UK institutions have state-of-the-art sports facilities
Entrepreneurial spirit
Overall prosperity is on the rise in the UK, according to the latest findings. Britain climbed one place in the worldwide prosperity rankings in 2012 as well as scaling the Governance, and Safety & Security sub-categories and ranks amongst the worlds 30 Top Performers for overall prosperity. However, poor economic performance and low confidence in the health of the UK economy could hold back
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Britains prosperity. The UK fell four places in the Economy sub-index since last year, now ranking in 26th position. According to the Index, low start-up costs for new businesses are a key factor in the UKs strong Entrepreneurship & Opportunity score. Start-up costs in the UK are low at 0.7 per cent of Gross National Income, compared to the global average of 20 per cent. Britain ranks in sixth position in the Entrepreneurship and Opportunity sub-index. In addition, British citizens have increasingly equal access to opportunities falling from 4.7 to 4.2 over the last three years.
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