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SERVICE INSTRUCTION
April16,2012 ServiceInstructionNo.1070R (SupersedesServiceInstructionNo.1070Qand ServiceLetterL199) EngineeringAspectsare FAAApproved

DATE:

SUBJECT: MODELSAFFECTED:

SpecifiedFuels All Lycomingaircraftenginemodels NOTE

TIMEOFCOMPLIANCE: WhenrefuelingaircraftwithLycomingengines. Incompletereviewofalltheinformationinthisdocumentcancauseerrors.Readtheentire ServiceInstruction tomakesureyouhaveacompleteunderstandingoftherequirements. This Service Instruction identifies the fuels that are to be used when refueling aircraft with Lycoming engines. Acceptable fuels for use in Lycoming engines are in the following sections of this Service Instruction: SectionA LeadedAviation Fuels Section BUnleadedAviationFuels SectionCUnleadedAutomotiveFuels CAUTION Anymixtureofunapprovedfuelsandadditivematerialsthatmakesalowerthanspecified octane rating, can cause engine damage. Use of lowerthanspecified octane fuel could causedetonationandmechanicaldamagetotheengine. CAUTION If incorrect fuel or additives are used, refer tothe latest revision of Service Bulletin No. 398forinstructionstocorrectthefuelcontamination.

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2012byAvcoCorporation.AllRightsReserved. LycomingEnginesisadivisionofAvcoCorporation.

SectionA LeadedAviationFuels Domestic and foreign aviation fuel grades identified in Table A1 are applicable for use in Lycoming engines. Leaded aviation fuel grades 80/87, 91/96 and 115/145 are no longer available and have been replaced by the low lead grade fuel: 100LL. Commercial fuel grades 100 and 100/130 having Tetraethyl Lead(TEL)contentofupto4ml/U.S.gallonsareapprovedforuseinenginescertifiedforusewithgrade 100/130fuel. TABLEA1 LEADEDAVIATIONGASOLINEFUELS ASTMD910(RevisionA) FuelGrades Max.TEL Grade Color mL/L 80 Red 0.13 91 100 100LL* 100VLL** Brown Green Blue Blue 0.53 1.06 .056 .045 AlternativeSpecification FuelGrades Max.TEL Grade Color g/kg 91v B91/115t B95/130 Yellow Green Amber 2.5 2.5 3.1

* LLLowleadInsomeoverseascountries,grade100LLfuelhasagreencolorandis identifiedas100L. **VLL Verylowlead v 91:(Leadedfuel)AvailableintheUkraineincompliancewith TU38.590148196. t B91/115: (Leaded fuel) Available in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) in compliancewith GOST101272. B95/130: (Leaded fuel) Available in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) in compliancewith GOST101272. Insomeoverseascountries,grade100LLfuel hasagreen colorandisidentifiedas100L. IfthespecifiedfuelsinTableA2arenotavailable,useahighergradeleadedaviationfuel,identifiedin TableA2asan alternative.Fuelsofalowergrade arenotacceptableand,therefore,arenottobeused. NOTE Isopropylalcoholinamountsnottoexceed1%byvolumecanbeaddedonlytoaviation fuel (not automotive fuel) to prevent ice formation in fuel lines and tanks. Although approved for use in Lycoming engines, do not use isopropyl alcohol in the aircraft fuel systemsunlessapprovedbytheaircraftmanufacturer.

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TABLEA2 LYCOMINGENGINEMODELSAPPROVEDFORLEADEDAVIATIONFUELS
LycomingEngineModels O235C, E, H O290D O435A, C 80 (Nolongeravailable) SPECIFIEDFUELS ASTMD910 CertificatedForUse CommercialGrade WithGrade Designation AlternateMilitary and CommercialGrades mB91/115 or m91 or jn100LL or nkl100 or nmkl100/130 mB91/115 or m91 or jn100LL or nkl100 or nmkl100/130

80

O290D2 O320A, C, E IO320A,E AEIO320E O340B O360B, D GO435C2* VO435A GO480B,D, F O540B VO540A,B O320B, D IO320B, D LIO320B1A AEIO320D AIO320A,B, C O360A, C, F, G,J IO360B, E, L,M LO360A AEIO360B, H VO360A,B IVO360A HO360A, B, C HIO360B,G1A O435A2 GO435C2* O480A O540A, D, E, F, G, H IO540C, D, N, T, V AEIO540D

80/87 (Nolongeravailable)

80

91/96 (Nolongeravailable)

100LL 100VLL 100

mB91/115 or m91 or m100/130 or m115/145

*GO435C2enginemodelsequippedwith carburetorsetting103391only91/98gradefuel mustbe usedforcarburetorsetting1033911either80/87or91/98gradefuel canbeused.Either80/87or 91/98gradefuel canbeusedwithPS5BDmodelcarburetor.

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TABLEA2 LYCOMINGENGINEMODELSAPPROVEDFORLEADEDAVIATIONFUELS
LycomingEngineModels O235F,G, J, K, L, N IO320C, F LIO320C1A IO360A,C, D, F LIO360C AEIO360A AIO360A,B HIO360A, C,D, E, F LIO360A IO390A VO435A,B GO480C,G IGO480A IO540A,B, E, G, J, K,L, M,P, R,S, U,V, W, AB, AC, AE HIO540A VO540C IVO540A IGO540A, B IO580B AEIO580B IO720A,B, C,D TO360A, C TIO360A TVO435A, B,C, D, E, F, G GSO480A, B IGSO480A TIO540A, C, D,E, F,G, H,J, N, R,S, U,V, W, AA,AB, AE,AF, AG,AH,AJ,AK LTIO540F, J, N, R, U,V TIVO540A IGSO540A, B TIO541A, E TIGO541B,C, D, E, G O320H O360E HIO360F1AD LO360E O540J,L SPECIFIEDFUELS ASTMD910 CertificatedForUse CommercialGrade WithGrade Designation AlternateMilitary and CommercialGrades

100/130

100LL 100VLL 100

m100/130 or mB95/130 or m115/145

100/130

100LL 100VLL 100

m100/130 or m115/145

100LL 100

100LL 100VLL 100

m100/130 or m115/145

jGrade100LL,100L,andVLLwithleadcontentupto0.6oz.(2ml).ofTELpergalloncanbeusedin allLycomingenginesidentifiedherein.Inspectionproceduresidentifiedinthefollowingfootnotesare notnecessary forenginesusingthisfuel. k O235C, O290D, D2, and O435A2, K1 (O4354) engines were built with solid stem exhaust valves.Theuseoffuelswithhigherleadcontentofmorethan 0.6oz.(2ml)ofTELperU.S.gallon (3.8 liter)mustbelimitedto25%oftheoperatingtime.Ifspecifiedfuelisnotavailableandusagewithhigh leadedfuelexceeds25%oftheoperatingtime,examinethevalvestemsatevery150hoursofengine operation for erosion or necking. This inspection is done by removing the exhaust manifold and
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visuallyexaminingthevalvesthroughexhaustports.Toidentifysolidstemexhaustvalves,removethe rockercoverandlookforvalverotorcapswhichareusedwithsodiumcooledvalvesbutnotwithsolid stemvalves.AconversioncanbedoneonO235CandO290Denginemodelstousesodiumcooled exhaustvalves.See thelatestrevisionofServiceInstructionNo.1246forprocedure. l Early production O320A, C, D GO435 VO435A and GO480B, D, F engine models were builtwithsolidstemexhaustvalvesandtheirusewithfuelsthathavealeadcontentofmorethan0.6 oz.(2ml)ofTELperU.S.gallon(3.8liter)islimitedto25%oftheoperatingtime.Ifspecifiedfuelis not available and usage with high leaded fuel exceeds 25% of the operating time, examine the valve stemsat150hoursofengineoperationforerosionornecking.Thisinspectionisdonebyremoving the exhaust manifold and visually examining the valves through the exhaust ports. To identify solid stemexhaustvalves,removetherockercoverandlookforvalverotorcapswhichareusedwithsodium cooledvalvesbutnotwithsolidstemvalves. mContinuoususeofhighleadfuelscancauseincreasedleaddepositsbothincombustionchambersand sparkplugscausingroughnessinengineoperationandscoredcylinderwalls.Itisrecommendedthatthe use of this fuel be limited wherever possible. However, when high lead fuel is used, do periodic inspectionsofcombustionchambers,valves,andvalveportsmorefrequentlyandrotateorcleanspark plugswheneverleadfoulingisfound.See thelatestrevisionofServiceLetterNo.L192. n Foroperatingrecommendations,seethelatestrevisionofServiceLetterNo.L185.

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SectionB UnleadedAviationFuels UnleadedaviationfuelgradesidentifiedinTableB1areapplicableforuseinLycomingengines. TABLEB1 UNLEADEDAVIATIONFUELS ASTMD7547 FuelGrades Color Grade UL91 None AlternativeSpecification FuelGrades Color Grade HJELMCO91/96UL * None

* HJELMCO91/96UListheregisteredtradenameforcolorlessunleadedfuelmadeby HJELMCO Oil, Inc. of Sollentuna, Sweden and, as per the company, is in conformancewithASTMD910specificationsexceptfortheleadcontentandcolorant. Specification of HJELMCO 91/96 UL (or any other brand/trade name) is not a commercialendorsementbyLycomingEngines. When using the unleaded fuels identified in Table B1, Lycoming oil additive P/N LW 16702,oranequivalentfinishedproductsuchasAeroshell15W50,mustbeused. NOTE Isopropyl alcohol in amounts not to exceed 1% by volume can be added to the unleaded aviationfuel(notautomotivefuel)topreventiceformationinfuellinesandtanks.Although approved for use in Lycoming engines, do not use isopropyl alcohol in the aircraft fuel systemsunlessapprovedbytheaircraftmanufacturer.
TABLE B2 ENGINEMODELSAPPROVEDFORUNLEADEDAVIATIONFUELS LycomingEngine SPECIFIEDFUELS Military Models ASTMD7547 AndCommercial Grades CertificatedForUse WithGrade O235C, E,H O290D O435A,C O290D2 O320A,C,E IO320A,E AEIO320E UL91 O340B HJELMCO91/96UL O360A,B,CD, F,G, J IO360B,E, L,M LIO360M1A LO360A1H6 IVO360A1A GO435C2

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TABLE B2 ENGINEMODELSAPPROVEDFORUNLEADEDAVIATIONFUELS LycomingEngine SPECIFIEDFUELS Military Models ASTMD7547 AndCommercial Grades CertificatedForUse WithGrade (Contd.) GO480B,D, F O540B VO540A,B O320B,D IO320B,D LIO320B1A AEIO320D AIO320A,B,C HO360A,B,C HIO360B VO360A,B IVO360A AEIO360B,H O435A2 GO435C2 O480A O540A,D,E, F, G, H IO540C, D, N,T,V AEIO540D UL91

HJELMCO91/96UL

HJELMCO91/96UL

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SectionC UnleadedAutomotiveFuels Section Csuppliescriticaldetailsontheuseofautomotivefuelinaircraftengines. Premium or Super Premium grade unleaded automotive gasoline fuels compliant with the requirements identified in Table C1 of this Service Instruction are acceptable for use only on the engine models identifiedinTableC2.Unleadedautomotivegasolinethatisnotinconformancewiththespecificationsin TablesC1andC2isnottobeused. CAUTION Automotive ground transportation fuels available direct to consumers (e.g. pump gas) usually do not have labels with sufficient information to identify compliance with the requirementsinTableC1.Whileindicatedoctaneisgenerally necessary fordisplayatretail points of sale, octane rating methods, fuel vapor pressure, oxygenate content and ethanol content can vary widely and are generally known only at the wholesale terminal. In compliance with this Service Instruction, the automotive fuel must agree with all specificationsinTableC1. Background Automotive ground transportation fuels previously have not been acceptable for use in all Lycoming engines. The primary reason for this prohibition is the fact that ground transportation fuels (gasoline and diesel) generally have a formulation for optimized engine emissions and easeofstarting. Environmental regulationshaveinfluenceovertheseformulationswhichalsocan varybygeographicregionandseason. AutomotivefuelspecificationshavebecomemoreadvancedinrecentyearssuchthatASTM/ENstandard fuelorderingparameterscanbeusedtoidentifythenecessarypropertiestoenableusageasanaviationfuel for aircraft engines with low octane requirements. The control parameters that must be identified and examined for compliance in aviation use are the same as the parameters that must be identified in automotivegroundtransportuse. NOTE AlthoughtheautomotivefuelinTableC1canbeusedintheLycomingenginemodelsin Table C2, further approval is necessary via a Supplemental Type Certificate (STC) or TypeCertificate(TC) foracceptableuseofthisfuelintheairframe. Description Theclear,colorlessunleadedautomotivefuelsinTableC1mustbeinconformancewithASTMD4814 09b or EN 228:2008:E. In these specifications, the automotive fuel is identified by an AntiKnock Index (AKI)orinthecaseofEN228SuperPremium,agradedesignation.TheAKIisanoctaneratingandisthe arithmeticaverageoftheResearchOctaneNumber(RON)andMotorOctaneNumber(MON). (RON+MON)/2=AKI TheAKIorEN228gradevaluemustbeinconformancewithspecificationsinTableC2orhigher.The AKIorgradevalueiscriticaltoengineperformance.TableC2identifiestheLycomingenginemodelsand theminimumAKIorgraderequirement. AsperASTMD481409b,thevaporpressureofthefuelmusthavearatingofClassA4forvaporlock protection.TheletterAinthisratingreferstothevolatilityofthefuelandthenumberidentifiesthevapor lockprotectionclass.TheASTMD481409bmaximumvaporpressurelimitis9.0psi(0.62kPa)maximum foraClassArating.Vaporlockcanoccurathighoperatingtemperatureswhichcancausediminishedfuel flowtotheenginecausinglossofenginepower,roughengineoperation,orenginestoppage.
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CAUTION Automotive fuels usuallyhave Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) values between 7 and 9.3 psi (0.48and0.64kPa)insummerseasons.AutomotivefuelspecificationsfortheRVPcanbe as highas15psi(1.03kPa) inthewinter.Insomegeographicregions,there is noupper limittoRVPinthewinterseason.Asvaporpressureincreases,thetendencyforvaporlock willincreaseaswellasfuelboiloffataltitude. CAUTION Ethanol cannotbeused.Itispossiblethatethanolbasedfuelscouldnotbecompatiblewith some fuel system components. In cases of material incompatibility, deterioration of metallicandnonmetalliccomponentscanoccur. Another key aspect of using automotive fuel as aviation fuel is thatthe fuel must not have undissolved water,sediment,andsuspendedmatter. NOTE Refer to the latest revision of Service Instruction No. 1534 for information on service recommendationsforlongtermstorageofenginesthatuseautomotivefuel. TABLEC1 UNLEADEDAUTOMOTIVEFUELSPECIFICATIONREQUIREMENTS ASTMD481409b* UnleadedAutomotiveFuel Grade SeeTableC2 Color Clear EN228:2008:E** UnleadedAutomotiveFuel Grade SeeTableC2 Color Clear

*ASTMD481409b,ApprovedSeptember2009,mustbein conformancewith thefollowing requirements: Octane:SeeTableC2 Vapor PressureClassA4 Oxygenates:Lessthan1%(NOETHANOL) **EN228:2008:E,ApprovedJuly2008,mustbein conformancewith thefollowing requirements: Octane:SeeTableC2 VaporPressureClassA Oxygenates: Lessthan1%(NOETHANOL)

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TABLEC2 LYCOMINGENGINEMODELSAPPROVEDFOR UNLEADEDAUTOMOTIVEFUEL LycomingEngineModels ASTMD4814 Minimum SpecifiedAKI (RON+MON)/2 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 EN228 Minimum Specified Grade NB.3 NB.3 NB.3 NB.3 NB.3 NB.3 NB.3

O360seriesA,C,F,G&Jengines HO360C1A HIO360G1A IO360B1B, B1E, B1F,B1G6, B2E, L2A,M1A,M1B LIO360M1A LO360A1H6 IVO360A1A

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