You are on page 1of 13

Discoverer with 10gR2 Database Analysis of Geocoder.

us vs Free Navteq Data for San Francisco Starbucks

Adding a new disk to a VMWare Virtual Machine in Linux Ive been using VMWare for a while now and I always get asked some common questions about it. One of those is how to add a new virtual disk to a Linux virtual machine. So in response to that, here are the steps to adding a new SCSI based virtual disk to a CentOS Linux virtual machine. The steps for adding a disk to a Windows machine is very much the same except you would use the Disk Management utility from the Control Panel. Step 1: Open virtual machine settings Select your virtual machine, as you can see from the photo I selected the Infrastructure virtual machine. Next press the Edit virtual machine settings to open the Virtual Machine Settings dialog.

Step 2: Add new hardware From the Virtual Machine Settings dialog select the Add button at the bottom of the screen. From this dialog

you

can

also

modify

how

much

memory

you

dedicate

to

the

machine

when

it

boots.

Step 4: Select new hard disk From this screen we can see the many types of hardware we can add to a virtual machine. You can emulate just about any piece of hardware that one can expect in a modern operating system. It definitely makes testing with different configurations and devices much easier. For our example we want to select Hard Disk and then select the

Next

>

button.

Step 5: Create the virtual disk In the next screen we see the three options for adding a new disk. We can Create a new virtual disk, this will create a brand new disk on the guest operating system. The second option, Use an existing virtual disk, allows you to mount a disk from another virtual machine. I like to do this with my source drive. I have one virtual disk that Ive made that has all the Oracle and Linux CDs on it, that way I can just mount it to the machine I need when I have to do a new install instead of copying the binaries I need across disks, its definitely a big time saver. The last option is to Use a physical disk, this allows you to mount a local physical disk to the operating system. This option is akin to NFS mounting a drive to a virtual machine. To add a new disk we select t he Create a new virtual disk

option

and

select

the

Next

>

button.

Step 6: Select type of disk Next we want to select the type of disk. Ive been using VMWare for a long time and agree that the recommended Virtual Disk Type should be SCSI. I dont know why, but Ive had much better success with the SCSI virtual disks

than the IDE ones. So in this step we want to select SCSI (Recommended) and the Next > button.

Step 7: Set disk size and options Now we want to set the size of the disk we are creating. One of the nice features of VMWare is that you dont have to allocate all of the disk when you create it. So if you create a 40 GB disk it doesnt have to take it all right away, the disk will grow as your virtual machine needs it. I will say this is a big performance hit you take when the disk has to extend, but for most applications its OK. Also, I will warn that if the virtual disk grows and there is no physical disk left on the host operating system you will see a catastrophic failure and in most cases both the host and guest operating systems lock up and become unusable. (Dont say I didnt warn you) Lastly, you can split the files into 2GB sizes, while this isnt necessary, it just makes all the disks much easier to manage and move around. For this step we want to set our disk size (12 GB in this case), I chose not to allocate the disk space right now (the machine has a

300

GB

drive

and

has

only

20

GB

on

it)

and

Split

disk

into

GB

files.

Step 8: Name the disk file This is actually pretty simple in that you decide what you want to physically call the disk and where to put it. .vmdk is the extension for VMWare virtual disks. After we name the disk we can select the Finish button which adds the disk

to

the

virtual

machine.

Step 9: Ensure new disk exists So now we can see that the new disk has been added to the Virtual Machine Settings within the selected virtual machine. From here the disk acts just like it would if you added a new disk to a standalone server. So we select the

OK

button

to

continue.

Step 10: Boot the virtual machine From here we just start the virtual machine like we would normally, either by selecting the button on the toolbar or selecting the Start this virtual machine link.

Step The

11: machine boots

Virtual normally

as

machine it would

start any other

up time.

Step 12: Create the Partition After weve logged in and accessed a terminal window as root (or another user with root/sudo privs) we first want to run fdisk on the newly created drive. In Linux the first SCSI drive is sda, the second sdb, the third sdc, etc. since this was the second SCSI drive we added to the system, the device is known as /dev/sdb The first command we want to run is fdisk /dev/sdb (NOTE: Thanks to everyone that caught my typo here) this utility works very much like the DOS utility of the old days and allows you to create and manage partitions. To create a new partition we enter the command n to create a new partition. This is going to be a primary partitionp, and the first partition number 1. Because I want this disk to consume the full 12 GB I specified earlier we start at the first cylinder and end it at the last cylinder. We then want to write the partition table with the new partition we have just created

so

we

enter

the

command w which

writes

the

new

table

and

exits

fdisk.

Step 13: Format the partition Now that weve create the partition, we now want to format the first with the new file system. Ive decided to use ext3 filesystem for this disk, ext3 provides all the features of the classic ext2 file system plus journaling which helps to prevent disk corruption in the event of an improper shutdown and speeds up the recovery process. For a good overview of Linux standard file systems check out this article:http://linux.org.mt/article/filesystems So, to format the new partition we enter the command mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1. This command makes a new files system with the

type t ext3

on

the /dev/sdb1 partition,

this

is

the

first

partition

on

the

sdb

disk.

Step 14: Create the mount point Determine where you want to add the new virtual disk youve created. I like to create a partition specifically for all the software I install after the basic Linux install called/software to do that we run mkdir /software, just a simple make directory command. Once that is complete we then want to mount the newly created partition. Because we havent added the partition to the /etc/fstab yet we have to mount it manually. To do that we run mount -t ext3 /dev/sdb1 /software. To break down this command we run mount with the ext3 filesystem type, the partition /dev/sdb1 to the directory /software. Pretty simple and straight forward. To check that the partition is properly

mounted we run df -k which shows us the mounted partitions and the amount of available space.

Step 15: Open the fstab file The fstab file holds all of the used disks and partitions, and determines how they are supposed to be used by the operating system. So we edit the file to add the newly created partition http://www.matttopper.com/images/blog/adding_disk_to_vmware/15.jpg Step 16: Modify the fstab for the new partition After we open the fstab file in the previous step we add the following line: /dev/sdb1 /software ext3 defaults 1 1 The first column is the partition name, the second is the default mount point, the third is the filesystem type. The fourth is the mount options, in this case I used default which mounts the drive rw, suid, dev, exec, auto, nouser and asynchronous. The 5th and 6th options are for the dump and fsck options. If dump is set to 1 the filesystem is marked to be backed up, if you are going to have sensitive material on the drive its a good idea to set it to 1. If fsck is set to greater than 1, then the operating system uses the number to determine in what order fsck should be run during start up. If it is set to 0 it will be ignored such as in the case of a cdrom drive since its a solid state disk. For more information on the fstab file check out this article:http://www.tuxfiles.org/linuxhelp/fstab.html

Lastly,

we

write

and

quit

the

file

with

the

:wq

command.

So now that the fstab has been written the drive will be mounted and unmounted when the machine is either started or shutdown. So there you have it, the quick and dirty process for adding a brand new disk to a virtual machine. Until next time

You might also like