FIRST AID

Antonio Antonio

OBJECTIVES Discuss the principles of Basic Life Support. Differentiate Rescue Breathing from Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation. Determine when to apply the procedure in BLS. Apply the proper guidelines in emergency care.

MOTIVATION Have you seen or experienced an accident but the hospital was too far and you were the only person in the area? What did you do? Do you have an idea how to attend to emergency cases? DISCUSSIONS First aid is an immediate care given to the individual. It is administered before the arrival of a professional medical practitioner or while the victim is being transported to the nearest hospital or clinic. GUIDELINES IN GIVING EMERGENCY CARE (The Philippine National Red Cross) Emergency Action Principles 1. Survey the scene. The scene is safe, there is only one victim. I am_____, a trained first aider, may I help? 2. Activate medical assistance or transfer facility. Help! Please activate medical assistant or call an ambulance and report back to me as I assess the victim: 3. Do primary survey of the victim. Check for responsiveness (tap the shoulder) Hey! Hey! Maam / Sir are you ok? Check for Airway (Head Tilt Chin Lift Maneuver) Adult Maximum Head Tilt Chin Lift Position Child Neutral Position Infant Neutral Position The mouth and nose are clear, there is no obstruction. Check for Breathing (Look, Listen and Feel) 5 seconds 133

(Count 1, 1002, 1003, 1004, 1005) If the victim is breathless, give 2 initial ventilations. 7 Ways to Ventilate the Lungs 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Mouth to Mouth Mouth to Nose Mouth to Mouth and Nose Mouth to Stomach Mouth to Face Shield Mouth to Mask Bag Mask Device

Check Circulation: (locate and palpate pulse) 10 seconds Count 1, 1002, up to 1010 Adult and Child Carotid pulse Infant Brachial pulse Respiratory Arrest is the condition in which breathing is stops or is inadequate. CPR is applied to victim that has no signs of circulation and no signs of breathing. B.P. Adult/Child/Infant CPR: 5 cycles (30 compressions, 2 ventilatory maneuvers) - for 2 minutes 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,1 breath, breath 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,2 breath, breath 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,3 breath, breath 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,4 breath, breath 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,5 breath, breath After CPR recheck the pulse LOOK, LISTEN and FEEL (count: 1,1002,1003,1004,1005,1006, 1007,1008,1009,1010). Rescue breathing is applied to the victim that has a signs of circulation and but no signs of breathing: B+P (count:1,1002,1003,1004,1005,1006,1007,1008,1009,1010) If the victim has signs of circulation but no breathing. Please follow up medical assistant and report back to me as I do rescue breathing. Adult RB: 24 cycles-for 2 minutes 134

Breathe

1, 1002, 1001- breathe 1, 1002, 1002- breathe 1, 1002, 1003- breathe 1, 1002, 1004- breathe 1, 1002, 1005- breathe

1, 1002, 1024- breathe After Rescue Breathing recheck the pulse LOOK, LISTEN, and FEEL (Count: 1,1002,1003, 1004, 1005, 1006, 1007, 1008, 1009, 1010). Child/Infant RB: 40 cycles - for 2 minutes Breathe 1, 1001- breathe 1, 1002- breathe 1, 1003- breathe 1, 1004- breathe 1, 1005- breathe

1, 1040- breathe After Rescue Breathing recheck the pulse LOOK, LISTEN, and FEEL (count: 1,1002,1003,1004,1005,1006,1007,1008,1009,1010).

Figure 0 Check for Airways

Figure 2 Check for Breathing

Figure 3 Check for Circulation

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Figure 4 Hand position for CPR

Figure 5 Pumping Position Figure 6 Pumping Position CPR for infant

Figure 7 Preparing the hand and feet for Recovery position

Figure 8 Recovery Position

4. Do Secondary survey of the victim. If the victim has signs of circulation and breathing: The victim is revived! Do the recovery position (figs. 7 and 8) and head to toe examination and continue monitor the victim until medical assistance arrives.

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GOLDEN RULES IN GIVING EMERGENCY CARE When possible think for the worst. Before administering first aid identify yourself to the victim relatives or companion. Provide comfort and emotional support, respect the victims, modesty and physical privacy, stay calm and dont panic. Attend first to the most serious injuries. Ask onlookers to get or move away from the injured person to have good ventilation and loosen tight clothing when the victim has difficulty in breathing. You should not let the victim see his/her own injury, avoid unrealistic promises. Stay on the victim except to get help. Do not trust the judgment of a confused victim and require them to make decision. GUIDE QUESTIONS 1. What are the four action principles? 2. Enumerate what to do in giving emergency care. 3. Enumerate what not to do in giving emergency care. 4. How do we ventilate the lungs? 5. When do we apply CPR? ACTIVITIES A. Rescue breathing 1. Perform Rescue Breathing following the procedures based from the previous discussion. 1.1 Checking the airway _______ x .15 = _______ 1.2 Checking the breathing 1.3 Checking Circulation 2. Applying breathing 3. Positioning the body into recovery. _______ x .15 = _______ _______ x .15 = _______ _______ x .50 = _______ _______ x .05 = _______ Total = _______

B. Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation 1. Perform Rescue Breathing following the procedures based from the previous discussion. 1.1 Checking the airway _______ x .15 = _______ 1.2 Checking the breathing 1.3 Checking Circulation 2. Applying CPR 3. Positioning the body into recovery. 137 _______ x .15 = _______ _______ x .15 = _______ _______ x .50 = _______ _______ x .05 = _______ Total = _______

TEST First Aid Name ________________________________ Major ___________________ Date ____________ Section _____________________ Score ___________ I. Enumeration 5 What to do during emergency 1. _________________________________ 2. _________________________________ 3. _________________________________ 4. _________________________________ 5. _________________________________ 5 What not to do during emergency 6. _________________________________ 7. _________________________________ 8. _________________________________ 9. _________________________________ 10. ________________________________

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5 Ways to ventilate the lungs 11. ________________________________ 12. ________________________________ 13. ________________________________ 14. ________________________________ 15. ________________________________

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Basic Life Support and Standard First Aid Manual, The Philippine National Red Cross

Collado, Jose, Fire Safety in the Home, Bureau of Fire Protection Hand Book for Boys, Boy Scouts of the Philippines

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