Hurricanes in the Atlantic Ocean:

Hurricane Ike
Table of contents:

Introduction
Hurricane Ike:
• Arise of Ike
• Wind history
• Rainfall
• Landfall
• Damage
Appendix
Sources

Hurricane Ike making landfall to the United States

Introduction:

In this summary I am going to tell you everything about hurricane Ike. Hurricane Ike was the
biggest hurricane and the hurricane with the highest IKE count. (Integrated Kinetic Energy)
this means in theory that hurricane Ike was the most devastating hurricane ever seen in the
Atlantic Ocean. Moreover if the wind speed of hurricane Ike was only 5 kilometres higher, the
damage and the devastating strength of Ike were higher than that from Hurricane Katrina in
2005.

Hurricane Ike on his way to Cuba

Arise of Ike:

Ike arises from a tropical wave that moved off the west coast of Africa. Also a low pressure
area developed in this area. These two systems came together and become a tropical
depression on 1 September. The depression quickly developed and became on the same day a
tropical storm, and moved slowly to west-northwest with a strong subtropical ridge. But the
new tropical storm, how get the name Ike,
was surrounded by dry air and this causes
that Ike couldn’t develop.
After two days a strong convection was
measured by satellite imagery and show
that Ike has formed an eye. Not very long
of that indication, Ike became a hurricane.
On the behalf of a low pressure area how
moved also on the North-western Atlantic,
Ike could now moved to the west. This
causes that Ike quickly intensified into a
category 4 hurricane. This means that Ike
had now has a wind speed of 125 knots,
but 24 hours ago this was 55 knots. A
change of 70 knots increase in only 24
hours!
But this didn’t last long, because the
weather begin to change in the western
Atlantic and causes a wind shear that pole
the clouds of hurricane Ike asymmetric.
Because of this, Ike weakened and became
a category 2 hurricane. By this Ike change
his track and moved to the Gulf of
Mexico. This doesn’t happen very often,
the latest storm how did the same thing as
hurricane Ike did, was hurricane Andrew
in 1992. Ike went farter south and after a
couple of days he would made couple of landfalls to the United States and Cuba.
On 6 September Ike came in contact with a convection on the northern and rapidly intensified
into a category 4 hurricane again. After the eyewall passed over Grand Turk, Salt Cay and
South Caicos he weakened into a category 3 hurricane just before he made his first landfall to
one of the islands of the Bahamas on 7 September.
After Ike made his first landfall he weakened ever further, but this didn’t last very long and he
quickly became again a category 4 hurricane and was now moving to Cuba where he made a
landfall on 8 September, twice.
On 9 September, after his landfall to Cuba, Ike moved to the Gulf of Mexico. The landfall in
Cuba causes to Ike that his inner core (the centre, also know as the eye) was very disrupted
and a expanded wind field was know moving before Ike on the Gulf of Mexico. But Ike
rapidly intensified.
A subtropical ridge strengthen on the Gulf of Mexico, causing to Ike that he turned to the
west, but still he was developing and become stronger. He was now heading for Texas in the
United States and made a landfall in Galveston Island, Texas on 13 September. He quickly
weakened in a Tropical Storm, just as they predict in the United States and after two days, Ike
disappeared in the Atmosphere into another low pressure area.
Wind History:

Date/Time Latitude Longitude Pressure Wind Speed Category

(North) (West) (mbar) (knots)
Tropical
01 / 0600 17.2 37.0 1006 30
Depression
Tropical
01 / 1200 17.3 38.4 1005 35
Storm
Tropical
01 / 1800 17.5 39.9 1003 45
Storm
Tropical
02 / 0000 17.8 41.3 1002 45
Storm
Tropical
02 / 0600 18.2 42.8 1000 45
Storm
Tropical
02 / 1200 18.7 44.3 999 50
Storm
Tropical
02 / 1800 19.3 45.8 996 55
Storm
Tropical
03 / 0000 19.8 47.3 994 55
Storm
Tropical
03 / 0600 20.2 48.8 992 55
Storm
Tropical
03 / 1200 20.6 50.3 989 60
Storm
Hurricane
03 / 1800 21.1 51.9 979 75
category 1
Hurricane
04 / 0000 21.8 53.5 956 105
category 3
Hurricane
04 / 0600 22.4 55.0 935 125
category 4
Hurricane
04 / 1200 23.0 56.4 937 120
category 4
Hurricane
04 / 1800 23.4 57.7 940 115
category 4
Hurricane
05 / 0000 23.6 59.0 944 115
category 4
Hurricane
05 / 0600 23.6 60.4 949 115
category 4
Hurricane
05 / 1200 23.5 61.9 954 105
category 3
Hurricane
05 / 1800 23.2 63.4 959 100
category 3
Hurricane
06 / 0000 22.8 64.9 962 100
category 3
Hurricane
06 / 0600 22.4 66.3 964 100
category 3
Hurricane
06 / 1200 21.9 67.7 965 95
category 2
Date/Time Latitude Longitude Pressure Wind Speed Category
(North) (West) (mbar) (knots)
Hurricane
06 / 1800 21.5 69.0 950 115
category 4
Hurricane
07 / 0000 21.2 70.3 947 115
category 4
Hurricane
07 / 0600 21.1 71.6 947 115
category 4
Hurricane
07 / 1200 21.0 72.8 947 110
category 3
Hurricane
07 / 1800 21.0 74.0 946 105
category 3
Hurricane
08 / 0000 21.1 75.2 945 115
category 4
Hurricane
08 / 0600 21.1 76.5 950 100
category 3
Hurricane
08 / 1200 21.1 77.8 960 85
category 2
Hurricane
08 / 1800 21.2 79.1 964 75
category 1
Hurricane
09 / 0000 21.5 80.3 965 70
category 1
Hurricane
09 / 0600 22.0 81.4 965 70
category 1
Hurricane
09 / 1200 22.4 82.4 965 70
category 1
Hurricane
09 / 1800 22.8 83.3 966 65
category 1
Hurricane
10 / 0000 23.1 84.0 968 65
category 1
Hurricane
10 / 0600 23.4 84.6 964 70
category 1
Hurricane
10 / 1200 23.8 85.2 959 80
category 1
Hurricane
10 / 1800 24.2 85.8 958 85
category 2
Hurricane
11 / 0000 24.7 86.4 944 85
category 2
Hurricane
11 / 0600 25.1 87.1 945 85
category 2
Hurricane
11 / 1200 25.5 88.0 946 85
category 2
Hurricane
11 / 1800 25.8 88.9 952 85
category 2
Hurricane
12 / 0000 26.1 90.0 954 85
category 2
Hurricane
12 / 0600 26.4 91.1 954 90
category 2
Date/Time Latitude Longitude Pressure Wind Speed Category
(North) (West) (mbar) (knots)
Hurricane
12 / 1200 26.9 92.2 954 90
category 2
Hurricane
12 / 1800 27.5 93.2 954 90
category 2
Hurricane
13 / 0000 28.3 94.0 952 95
category 2
Hurricane
13 / 0600 29.1 94.6 951 95
category 2
Hurricane
13 / 1200 30.3 95.2 959 85
category 2
Tropical
13 / 1800 31.7 95.3 974 50
Storm
Tropical
14 / 0000 33.5 94.9 980 35
Storm
Tropical
14 / 0600 35.5 93.7 985 35
Storm
14 / 1200 37.6 91.0 987 40 Extra tropical
14 / 1800 40.3 87.2 988 50 Extra tropical
15 / 0000 43.3 81.5 988 50 Extra tropical
15 / 0600 45.8 75.3 986 40 Extra tropical
15 / 1200 47.2 71.1 986 35 Extra tropical

The colours represent the intensity of Ike, during his period of living. The picture here below
belongs to the data that is giving in the table here above.
This picture shows the Landfall of Ike on Cuba and his wind speed in knots. In this picture
you can see that around the eye of Ike (how is on this moment on Cuba, so you can’t see him)
is purple. These are wind speed of 50 knots or more, so, this means that the wind gust can be
even harder. Also you can see in this picture that hurricane Ike is really big, if you look to the
east on the picture, you see a whole system dragging around Ike, how know is moving to the
north, to the Gulf of Mexico.
Also there is information giving by ships, how can tell us also something more about
hurricane Ike. I will show this in another table. This is information is giving of course, by the
ships, but the National Hurricane Center gave the information public, so I can use this in my
summary about hurricane Ike.

Date/Time Ship call sign Latitude Longitude Wind speed Pressure

(North) (West) (mill bar)
09 / 1200 C6FZ7 19.6 81.0 43 1008.2
09 / 1700 C6FZ7 19.5 79.2 43 1015.0
10 / 0900 WPKD 24.2 82.9 44 1000.0
10 / 1200 WPKD 24.6 83.7 55 995.5
10 / 1500 WPKD 25.3 83.9 59 1011.5
10 / 1800 WPKD 26.2 84.1 52 1002.5
10 / 2200 V7HC9 28.0 86.5 50 1009.3
11 / 0000 WPKD 27.3 84.3 44 1004.2
11 / 0000 V7HC9 28.1 86.4 52 1009.2
11 / 0200 V7HC9 28.1 86.3 45 1009.9
11 / 0600 C6FM5 21.8 86.8 45 1014.0
11 / 0600 V7HD3 28.7 87.0 50 1014.0
11 / 0900 WPKD 27.4 84.4 41 1007.0
11 / 0900 C6CL6 28.1 88.6 45 1008.0
11 / 1000 WDD382 27.8 88.9 44 1002.1
11 / 1000 V7HD3 28.7 87.0 60 1013.5
11 / 1100 WDD382 27.9 88.8 47 1002.5
11 / 1100 V7HC9 28.1 86.3 62 1008.5
11 / 1200 WDD382 27.9 88.6 47 1002.2
11 / 1200 C6CL6 28.1 88.4 46 1002.8
11 / 1200 3FMH7 28.6 88.8 48 1007.4
11 / 1200 V7HD3 28.7 87.0 44 1014.0
11 / 1300 WDD382 27.9 88.6 44 1002.0
11 / 1400 WDD382 27.9 88.4 52 1002.0
11 / 1500 WDD382 27.9 88.3 52 1001.5
11 / 1500 C6CL6 28.1 88.4 55 1003.0
11 / 1600 WDD382 27.9 88.2 52 1001.5
11 / 1700 WDD382 27.9 88.2 44 1002.0
11 / 1800 WDD382 27.9 88.0 49 1002.0
11 / 1800 V7HC8 28.1 89.0 42 1007.0
11 / 1800 C6CL6 28.2 88.3 55 1003.0
11 / 1800 3FMH7 28.7 88.3 54 1007.4
Date/Time Ship call sign Latitude Longitude Wind speed Pressure
(North) (West) (mill bar)
11 / 1900 WDD382 27.9 87.9 52 1012.5
11 / 2000 WDD382 27.9 87.8 44 1001.0
11 / 2000 V7HC8 28.1 88.9 45 1003.0
11 / 2000 V7HC9 28.1 86.3 50 1010.8
11 / 2100 WDD382 27.9 87.7 42 1001.5
11 / 2100 V7HC9 28.1 86.3 50 1010.2
11 / 2100 C6CL6 28.2 88.3 55 1003.0
11 / 2100 WPKD 28.3 85.8 41 1008.0
11 / 2200 WDD382 27.9 87.6 44 1001.5
11 / 2200 V7HC9 28.1 86.3 45 1010.2
11 / 2300 WDD382 27.8 87.4 44 1002.2
11 / 2300 V7HC8 28.2 88.9 45 1008.0
12 / 0000 KRGC 23.0 89.5 46 1002.0
12 / 0000 WDD382 27.8 87.3 44 1002.5
12 / 0000 C6CL6 28.2 88.2 48 1002.0
12 / 0000 3FMH7 28.7 88.0 43 1005.7
12 / 0100 WDD382 27.7 87.2 44 1003.5
12 / 0200 WDD382 27.6 87.0 41 1006.5
12 / 0200 V7HC9 28.1 86.3 47 1012.6
12 / 0300 C6CL6 28.2 88.0 55 1005.0
12 / 0600 C6CL6 28.1 87.9 58 1005.0
12 / 0600 3FMH7 28.5 87.7 46 1007.9
12 / 0600 WPKD 28.8 86.6 43 1009.8
12 / 0900 WGZK 23.6 92.1 41 1000.0
12 / 0900 C6CL6 28.0 87.8 55 1006.0
12 / 1200 WGZK 23.9 91.7 45 1000.7
12 / 1200 C6CL6 27.8 87.7 51 1007.8
12 / 1500 WGZK 24.3 91.2 44 1005.5
12 / 1500 C6CL6 27.6 87.6 48 1009.0
12 / 1800 C6CL6 27.3 87.5 50 1010.0
12 / 2100 C6CL6 27.0 87.5 45 1010.0
13 / 0000 C6CL6 26.7 87.5 42 1010.0

This table gives us a little more idea of how Ike was on sea. The green area in the table means
that the data how is giving is representing the highest wind speed measured by all the ships.
Also the yellow area in the table represents the lowest pressure measured by the ships in the
table.
Rainfall:

In this chapter we are going to look to the rainfall that hurricane Ike caused during his period
of activity. We begin with Haiti. We go further in order of appearance.

Note:
The yellow background represents the highest rainfall measuring in a country or state.

Haiti:
Location: Total rain (inches)
Camp Perrin 2.23

Dominican Republic
Location: Total rain (inches)
Santo Domingo 9.40
Barahona 8.86
Aerop. Joaquin Balaguer 8.75
Polo 8.15
San Cristobal 7.63
Yamasa 7.33
Rancho Arriba 6.74
Neyba 4.49
Monte Plata 4.19
Juma Bonao 4.11
Aeropuerto Catey 4.09
Bonao 4.01
Punta Cana 2.17
Santiago 1.80

Flooding area of Haiti, caused by Ike

The Bahamas:
Great Inagua
Location: Total rain (inches)
#4 Pump 6.48
P. Point 6.90
Y-2 5.48
Y. House 6.90

Cuba:
Holguín:
Location: Total rain (inches)
La Jíquima 6.51
Guaro 5.00
Holguín 5.73
Velasco 4.84

Las Tunas:
Location: Total rain (inches)
Las Tunas 4.10
Puerto Padre 6.84

Camagüey:
Location: Total rain (inches)
Florida 11.88
Santa Cruz del Sur 5.83
Esmeralda 3.94
Nuevitas 5.05
Palo Seco 5.98
Camagüey 8.39

Santiago de Cuba:
Location: Total rain (inches)
Contramaestre 2.65
Santiago de Cuba 5.06

Granma:
Location: Total rain (inches)
Cabo Cruz 1.30
Manzanillo 2.96
Jucarito 3.11
Veguitas 3.05
Guantánamo:
Location: Total rain (inches)
Guantánamo 3.93
Punta de Maisí 5.89
Jamal, Baracoa 6.95
Palenque de Yateras 10.63
Valle de Caujerí 6.72

Ciego de Ávila:
Location: Total rain (inches)
Falla 6.32
Ciego de Ávila 9.28
Júcaro 13.77
Cayo Coco 1.66

Sancti Spíritus:
Location: Total rain (inches)
Sancti Spíritus 9.76
Topes de Collantes 12.11
Trinidad 4.41
El Jíbaro 8.18

Villa Clara:
Location: Total rain (inches)
Sagua la Grande 3.73
Santa Clara 3.46
Caibarién 2.91
Santo Domingo 4.16

Cienfuegos:
Location: Total rain (inches)
Aguada de Pasajeros 7.72
Cienfuegos 3.08

Matanzas:
Location: Total rain (inches)
Playa Girón 3.72
Varadero 2.54
Unión de Reyes 10.24
Colón 8.28
Jovellanos 5.59
Indio Hatuey 6.72
Jagüey Grande 9.11
La Habana:
Location: Total rain (inches)
Güines 4.42
Bainoa 5.76
Bauta 8.46
Melena del Sur 6.80
Güira de Melena 6.13
Batabanó 4.67

Ciudad de La Habana:
Location: Total rain (inches)
Casa Blanca 3.35
Santiago de las Vegas 7.70

Pinar del Río:

Location: Total rain (inches)
Cabo de San Antonio 2.30
Santa Lucía 3.14
Isabel Rubio 9.01
San Juan y Martínez 7.86
Pinar del Río 8.95
La Palma 11.09
Paso Real de San Diego 11.91
Bahía Honda 4.64

This is the rainfall measured in every province of the capital of Cuba. If we look to the highest
measuring of Cuba, we see that Júcaro has the highest rainfall caused by hurricane Ike.

Floods caused of Ike heavy rainfall

Now we are going to look at the rainfall data of the United States during Ike’s landfall.

United States:
Florida:
Location: Total rain (inches)
Fort Myers 5.01
Key West 2.31
Marathon 2.47
Long Key 2.37
Chokoloskee 5.98

Louisiana:
Location: Total rain (inches)
Alexandria 2.17
Alexandria - Esler 1.85
Barksdale AFB 1.63
Lafayette 2.21
Lake Charles 1.93
Monroe 1.39
New Orleans Intl Airport 1.55
New Orleans Lakefront 1.28
Shreveport 1.09
Alexandria 4.18
Jeanerette 1.78
Lake Charles 2.59
Port Barre 2.30
Rosepine 1.72
Bellwood 5.50

Radar picture of Ike hitting land

Texas:
The rainfall data in Texas is a lot, so I don’t put this in my summary, because the numbers
doesn’t make sense. So I search for a picture that can you the difference between the rainfall
in difference places in Texas. The pictures is showing a county of Texas, Jefferson County and
this county has it own drainage system and you can ask data of the rainfall and water level of
every time.

The data is from Trinity Bay and that is very close to the please where Ike make his landfall.
The numbers how are giving in the picture and the rainfall in Inches. 1 Inches is 2.54 cm. In
some places there fell an amount of almost 18 cm of rain in one day!
This picture shows the rainfall
during the landfall of Hurricane Ike
in the United States. The maximum
that is measured was in Houston
(Texas) with an amount of 17.60
inches. That is an amount of 44.7
cm rainfall in 7 days.

The next picture here below shows

the rainfall of Ike during his
landfall in the United States. You
can see here that a whole system is
affecting the state of Texas.
The colours in the picture represent
the amount of rainfall that Ike
causes. How darker the colour is
how higher the rainfall is in that
area. As you can see there is a
black spot in cloud structure of Ike,
this is a area with a lot of
thunderstorms and even tornadoes
how make it even dangerous than it
was.
I really like this picture because
you can see perfectly the structure
of a real hurricane. A whole cloud structure is circling around hurricane Ike his eye. How
closer you to the eye how compacter the cloud structure is. This is the eye wall. The eye wall
made Ike a very dangerous hurricane, because the eye wall can cause a lot of damage, and
because Ike was almost a major hurricane during his landfall everybody was very scared that
Ike would damage the whole coast of Texas.
Landfall:

Hurricane Ike made a couple of landfalls. In order of appearance:

Date/Time Latitude Longitude Pressure Wind Speed Category Place:

(North) (West) (mbar) (knots)
landfall on
Hurricane Great Inagua
07 / 1300 21.0 73.2 947 110
category 3 Island,
Bahamas
landfall near
Hurricane Cabo
08 / 0215 21.1 75.7 945 115
category 4 Lucrecia,
Cuba
landfall near
Hurricane Punta La
09 / 1400 22.6 82.9 965 70
category 1 Capitana,
Cuba
landfall at
Hurricane north end of
13 / 0700 29.3 94.7 950 95
category 2 Galveston
Island, Texas
As you can see, Ike made 4 landfalls. 2 In Cuba and the others in the Bahamas and in the
United States. With his landfall he causes a lot of rainfall, with floods. Also Ike caused high
storm surge, how damage and flood a wide area. If Ike was only 2 kilometres stronger, he
would damage even more to the United States than Katrina did in 2005. The fear was because
of that very high in the United States and it became only worsen as the say what Ike did with
Cuba, and a week ago with hurricane Gustav.

Hurricane Ike during his landfall in Cuba

Damage:

The damage that Ike caused was very big. The costs are estimated to 26.7 billion dollar. This
means that Hurricane Ike was the fourth costliest tropical cyclone in history to the United
States and the Atlantic Ocean. The total deaths were estimated to be 195, but still there a
missing people, how aren’t found. So the number can even be higher.
I will start with the deaths per country.

Country: Deaths:
Haiti: 74
Dominican Republic 1
Cuba 7
United States 112

The damage was everywhere enormous, because of the floods and the storm surge and of
course the heavy rainfall. On the next couple of page I will show you some picture how show
the damage to the countries that Hurricane Ike caused during his active period.

Also Ike caused a lot of tornadoes in the United States. The picture here below will show you
the total count of tornadoes how are reported during Ike’s landfall in the United States. As you
can see, there were 27 tornadoes reported during Ike’s landfall. The strongest tornado was an
EF2 tornado. But the other tornadoes weren’t strong.

But the wind gust that Ike caused was also very heavy and reaches a high wind speed. There
are measuring above the 100 knots for a wind gust.

The total count that were made by Ike are here below showed in a table:
Country: Cost in billion dollar
United States 22.4 billion
Cuba 4 billion
Grand Turks Islands 0.5 billion

Also Ike attacked other countries, but the damage wasn’t as high as the three in the table.
Haiti:
Cuba:
United States:
Appendix:

This summary is a small summary about hurricane Ike, but I only used the skilful information.
There is so much information about hurricane Ike that I can write a whole book about it. But I
think that this is a summary where you can find the most important information about
hurricane Ike, and I hope you can use it to learn from it.

Also if you look to my Youtube page, you can see a lot of short movies about hurricane Ike.
They are also very useful.
Sources:

http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/?2008250-0906/Ike.A2008250.1740.1km.jpg
http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/?2008250-0906/Ike.A2008250.1740.1km.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ike_2008_track.png
http://www.nasa.gov/images/content/272828main_ISS017E015751_hi.jpg
http://www.nasa.gov/images/content/272507main_ikequikscat_20080909_HI.jpg
http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/ike2008filledrainwhite.gif
http://cache.boston.com/universal/site_graphics/blogs/bigpicture/ike_09_15/ike4.jpg
http://lh4.ggpht.com/_NDpHHOR2K4s/SMfWnJ3gK6I/AAAAAAAACFo/1hEoGtavOys/bar
acoa+3.jpg
http://208.191.93.83/maps.html?TE=2008-09-13-13-00-00
http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/ms-word/TCR-AL092008_Ike.doc
http://www.spc.noaa.gov/climo/reports/080913_rpts.html
http://img.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2007/10_04/haitiES_468x227.jpg
http://www.un.org/av/photo/subjects/images/39357.jpg
http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2004/09/21/international/haiti.184.2.650.jpg
http://www.somosprimos.com/sp2005/spnov05/hurricane1.jpg
http://www.hln.be/static/FOTO/pe/16/9/13/large_489133.jpg
http://cache.daylife.com/imageserve/0btl7cgg242Ch/610x.jpg
http://www.fema.gov/photodata/original/38437.jpg
http://www.photolibrary.fema.gov/photolibrary/photo_details.do?id=39047
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/imagerecords/35000/35355/Ike_aer_usgs_lrg.jpg
http://www.flickr.com/photos/atbaker/2852985689/
http://www.nasa.gov/images/content/272689main_ISS017E015718_hi.jpg