1

State Plan of Action for

CHILDREN

Government of Orissa 2007-2012

CONTENTS
1. Introduction 2. Child Survival 2.1 Child health 2.2 Maternal health 2.3 Nutrition 2.4 Water & Sanitation 3. Child Development 3.1 Early Child hood care and Education 3.2 Rights of the Girl Child 3.3 Adolescents 3.4 Challenged children 3.5 Child & Environment 3.6 Elementary Education 4. Child Protection 4.1 Children in emergency situation 4.2 Children in conflict with law & Juvenile Justice 4.3 Sexual exploitation, trafficking and pornography 4.4 Combating Child Labour 4.5 HIV & AIDS affected 4.6 Children in difficult situation 5. Child Rights and Community Participation 6. Mobilising resources, implementation and monitoring 7. Abbreviations

INTRODUCTION
Constitutional provisions & Legislations The Constitution of India has clearly mentioned the importance of improving the well-being of children. The articles are Art 14 The State shall not deny to any person equality before the law or the equal protection of laws within the territory of India. Art 15 the State shall not discriminate against any citizen. Nothing in this Article shall prevent the State from making any special provisions for women and children. Art 21 No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law. Art 21A- The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of 6 14 years in such manner as the State may by law determine. (Made a fundamental right by the 86th Constitutional amendment in 2002) Art 23 Traffic in human beings, beggar and other forms of forced labour are prohibited and contravention of this provision shall be an offence punishable in accordance with the law. Art 24- No child below the age of 14 years shall be employed to work in any factory or mine or engaged in any other hazardous employment. Art 39F- State should ensure that children are given opportunities and facilities to develop in a healthy manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity and children and youth are to be protected against exploitation and moral and material abandonment. Art 45- The State shall endeavor to provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of 6 years. Art 243G- provide for institutionalization of child care by seeking to entrust programmes of Women and Child Development to Panchayat apart from education, family welfare, health and sanitation (items of the XIth schedule). The country has also approved legislations at various points of time to ensure that children are provided with the suitable and enabling environment to develop such as Child Marriage Restraint Act 1929; Child Labour Prohibition and Regulation Act 1986; Juvenile Justice Protection and Care of Children Act 2000; Infant Milk Substitutes, Feeding bottles and Infant foods regulation of production, supply and distribution Act 1992; Pre natal Diagnostic Technique Regulation preventive and Misuse Act 1994; Immoral traffic Prevention Act 1956. Global initiatives In 1989 the General Assembly of UN adopted the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and the Government of India acceded to this convention in 1992. Earlier the World Summit for Children at New York in 1990 was the platform for India and many other countries who took a pledge to accord priority to the needs of children. At the UN General Assembly Special Session (UNGASS) on Children in 2002, this commitment was reaffirmed when India ratified the agenda titled World Fit for Children. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) too have been accepted by the Govt. of India, which sets goals for the development of the children. National Plan of Action for Children The National Policy for Children was first adopted in India in 1974 which aimed to ensure to that the essential needs of the children be given the highest priority in the allocation of resources at all times and create an environment in which all children are able to live securely and realize their full potential. The National Plan of Action for Children (NPAC-2005) was adopted which formulates the road map to carry forward the agenda ahead while at the same time evaluates the achievements, failures, identifies the programmes that need accelerated efforts and fresh areas of intervention. While taking note of the positive trends in many basic indicators at the national level such as steady decline in the infant mortality rate, decline in levels of malnutrition and an

4 increase in primary school enrolment rates, NPAC 2005 focuses on areas that require immediate attention like high incidence of low birth weight, high morbidity rates, high prevalence of malnutrition, nutritional deficiencies especially of Vitamin A, iron and iodine, low levels of primary immunization, inadequate access to basic education and high drop out rates in schools. The right of the child for an identity has been accorded importance and NPAC recognizes birth registration as a new priority area. HIV / AIDS are identified as new challenge areas that are given due attention. Challenged children are given importance and children in difficult situations are acknowledged. This signifies a shift in attitude towards them a welfare approach to creating a situation whereby such children are able to grow and develop. State Plan of Action for Children Following the National Plan of Action for Children 2005, it is pertinent that the State Plan of Action be framed taking into consideration the local issues and the region specific situation that includes acute poverty -women and children bearing the brunt of it and special groups such as SC/ST children, slum and street children, child victims of calamities and gender difference all across the board who are to be paid special attention. Earlier the Orissa State Plan of Action for Children 2000 AD was prepared in 1995, which set out the major and specific goals for development of children, and the steps directed to achieve them within 2000.
A: Demography - special groups Population of Scheduled Castes (SCs) & Scheduled Tribes (STs) - 14.22 million (38.74% of the total population of Orissa) STs- 22.21% of the total population Scheduled area - 45% of geographical area STs spread in districts of Gajapati, Kandhamal, Keonjhar, Koraput, Malkangiri, Mayurbhanj, Nabarangpur, Rayagada and Sundergarh- more than 40% tribal population (62 tribes in total). SC population (93 communities in total) - 16.20 % of the total population of the state, which is more or less comparable to the all India percentage.

B: Poverty Poverty ratio (percentage of population below poverty line) rural ( 48.01) and urban (42.83) - year 1999 2000 (Planning Commission positions Orissa in the last but one rank before Bihar among all the states and the union territories in the country)
Poverty Ratio of Orissa & India
80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 73 - 74 77 - 78 83 - 84 87 - 88 93 - 94 99 - 2000 Year Orissa Rural Orissa Urban Orissa Total India Rural India Urban India Total

( Economic Survey, GoO, 2005 06)

Objectives of SPAC 2007-2012 The Orissa State Plan of Action for Children (SPAC) 2007 is a step forward in the process of giving the children the highest priority in overall development of the society. It reviews the current situation of the children and women in the state and the progress made since 1995 when SPAC 2000 was formulated and then sets forth the goals, objectives and the strategies in the various areas of interventions. Two categories of children are the focus children under 3 years of age and school age children.
C: Demography Density of the population- 236 in 2001 (203 in 1991)- less than the all India population density Decadal population growth of Orissa - 15.94% (all India average 21.34%)- continuous decline over the last three Census years Per annum population growth during 1991 to 2001 - 1.6% (approximately) Women in Orissa - 18.01 million (49.07 %), 86% live in the rural areas Child Population (0 6 years) in Orissa - 5.18 million (Census 2001), Child population as a % to the total population - 16.89% (1991) & 14.11 % (2001) Girl child population as percentage to the total population- 16.85% (1991) & 13.95% (2001), Girl child population - 2.52 million.

5 Approach A life cycle approach has been adopted in formulating the SPAC so that there is inter linkages of issues. Four principal strategies have been integrated into the SPAC viz!Convergence
! Participation by women ! Decentralisation ! Community participation. ! Rural Urban disparity ! Social inclusion ! Regional variation

Monitoring & Coordination & District Planning The SPAC has been designed to be used as a monitoring tool for child development. Different components of the SPAC are interlinked and there is a need for close coordination, collaboration between various departments and agencies. A State level Coordination Committee would be formed for effective implementation and monitoring of the SPAC. In tune with the spirit of decentralisation, state and district level SPAC monitoring basic indicators have been identified to focus more on the thrust areas (geographical) as well as issues. The district level Plan of Action have to be formulated in consultation with the District Coordination Committees with members from PRI institutions and NGOs, BDOs, DSWs with the Collector as the Chairperson. It is hoped that the Orissa SPAC 2007 will prove to be useful and be an important document in providing the road map for the development of children of Orissa.

Priorities/ Key areas The priorities of the state with respect to children are - improvement of infant survival - improvement of nutrition and development status of children below the age of 3 years - improvement of quality of education - support sectoral reform initiative in rural water supply and sanitation services - reduction of maternal mortality. - universalisation of birth registration. - abolition of female foeticide - addressing the issues of children in difficult circumstances including those affected by natural disasters. - complete abolition of child labour including trafficking. - monitoring, review and reform of policies, programmes and laws as well as proper implementation. - ensuring child and community participation.

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CHILD SURVIVAL
Ensure child survival through optimum child and maternal health, adequate nutrition and a safe water and sanitation environment

* * * *

Child Health Maternal Health Nutrition Water & Sanitation

7 MILE STONES - CHILD HEALTH

Present situation Reduce the neo natal mortality rate and the Child mortality rate to half of current. Reduce the Infant Mortality Rate ( IMR ) in Orissa to 50 per 1000 live births by 2010 Reduce the incidence of low birth weight by half of current levels by 2010 Improved coverage immunization Child mortality rate - 29 per 1000 live births 2008 2010 2012 2015

75/1000 (SRS-2005)

50 per 1000 live births

50 per 1000 live births

10%

22%
52% ( fully immunized) 75%

10% 80% 75%

Under-5 mortality (NRHM GoO)

104

MANAGEMENT INDICATORS 1. Levels of neo-natal, post neo-natal, infant and under-5, mortality (male female and rural urban). 2. Reduction in the inter-district disparities in the above mentioned mortality indicators. 3. Immunization coverage by antigens at the state, district and block level. (male female and rural urban). 4. Percentage of fully immunised children and reduction in the % of children missing all immunisation. (Male female and rural urban). 5. Gap in the coverage between BCG/DPT-I and measles. 6. Incidence of Poliomyelitis and number of AFP cases reported and number of Districts/ blocks continuously reporting polio free status 7. Percentage of children below one year covered with measles vaccine 8. Annual number of measles cases and deaths in children below the age of 5 years. 9. Percentage of new born visited at home within 24 hours and 3 visits within 10 days. 10. Percentage of childre under 5 managed appropriately as per protocol suffering from communicable diseases. 11. Percentage of institutional deliveries and deliveries by skilled attendants 12. Percentage of women initiating BF within an hour and EBF for first six months IMPLEMENTING DEPARTMENTS
"!Department of Health and Family Welfare "!Department of Women and Child Development "!Department of Rural Development " Department of Panchayati Raj

8 1 1.1 CHILD HEALTH PRESENT SITUATION A high percentage (12.8%) of children are not vaccinated at all. (MICS, 2000) 28% of children under the age of 3 years suffer from diarrhea which is a fatal killer as children die due to dehydration. (NFHS-2) 51.8% of children are fully immunized (NFHS-3) Post neo natal mortality is adverse to the female child (37.8) while for the male child it is 29.9, although Neo natal mortality of the female child (46.4) is less than the male mortality (NFHS -2) The Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in Orissa at 75 per 1000 live birth in 2005 as against the national average of 58. (SRS Oct 2006) Rural and urban IMR- declining over the last one decade or so. Urban infant mortality rate is 55, the rural IMR is 78. Gender difference of IMR - small - IMR of males and females being 74 and 77 respectively. (SRS October 2006) Child mortality rate is 29 per 1000 live births with the female child mortality rate at 28. (NFHS -2) There is high preponderance of under 5 mortality in rural areas (118) while in urban areas it is 100. Post - neonatal age - group (probability of dying after the first month of life but before the first birth day)- higher female mortality than male mortality (NFHS - 2). The Under 5 mortality rate is 104. Only 10% of the births in the State are registered and certified. (MICS , 2000) 20% of the children under the age of 5 years are less than 2500 grams at birth ( low birth weight babies ) (MICS, 2000) Malaria is prevalent in the age group of 0 14 years. 7414 per 1 lakh population were affected by malaria. ( NFHS- 2 ) 23% pregnant women opt for institutional deliveries, (RCH II, 2002) 74.2% of children in the age group of 6-35 months who are anaemic. (NFHS-3) 58.6% of the children with diarrhoea were taken to a health facility (NFHS-3) Children age 0-5 months exclusively breastfed 50.2% (NFHS3) Children breastfed within 1 hour of birth 54.3% (NFHS3)

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9 1.2 GOALS
Sl. No. Current TARGET Status (specify 07-08 08-09 09-10 year & source) % of neonates who were breastfed within one hour of life Overall 54* 64 74 84 % of infants who were breastfed exclusively till 6 months of age Overall 50* 60 70 80 % of infants receiving complementary feeds apart from breast feeding at 9 months. Overall 67.5* 77 87 97 % of children 12-23 months of age fully immunized Overall 52* 62 72 82 % of children 6-35 months of age who are anaemic Overall 74* 64 54 44 % of children under 5 years age who have received all nine doses of Vitamin A Overall 84 75 80 85 CNAA (66.5) % of children under 3 years age with diarrhea in the last 2 weeks who received ORS Overall 41* 51 61 71 % of children under 3 years age who are underweight Overall 44* 54 64 74 RCH Outcomes

1. Reduce the neo natal mortality from 50 to 25 per 1000 live births and the Under-5 mortality rate from 104 to 75 per 1000 live births. 2. Reduce the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in Orissa to 50 per 1000 live births by 2012 (NRHM). 3. Reduction of under-5 malnutrition from 54.9% to 35% (NRHM). 1.3 OBJECTIVES

1. 2.

3.

4. 5. 6.

a. Improve home based Neonatal care in all villages specially remote areas. b. Early detection of sick newborns and facilitate prompt referral for improving community level management of the sick neonates (LBW and neonatal sicknesses) through three post natal visits. c. To accelerate implementation of all public health programs through a sector wide integrated approach. d. Improve case management of childhood illnesses amongst 0-5 years children including severe malnutrition. e. Implementation of IMR mission and Navajyoti scheme effectively. Improving routine immunization program Strengthening measles control policies. Accelerated roll out of skilled birth attendance training program for improving neonatal resuscitation. Strengthening management of severe and moderate malnutrition amongst children 0-5years at CHC PHC level. Revamping of malaria chemoprophylaxis program. Strengthening PPTCT services for reducing HIV related deaths.

7.

8.

1.4 STRATEGIES & ACTIVITIES 1. Scaling up IMNCI in state with priority on high IMR districts. Activities a. Roll out IMNCI in all 30 districts for improving case-management of sick new born and children under -5 suffering from malnutrition, malaria, diarrhoea and pneumonia using standard case management protocol of GOI. b. Capacity building of frontline Health and ICDS functionaries. c. Strengthening of the field level implementation through supply of drugs and other logistics. d. Better counseling on Infant and Young child feeding. e. Improve neonatal survival at household level & institutional level f. Strengthening of home visits for quality post natal care services g. Convergence with Positive Deviance approach under ICDS.

10 h. Implementation of Standard Case management protocol for indoor and outdoor management of severe malnutrition case state wide is under process. i. Establish Nutrition Rehabilitation Centers in DHH/SDH levels for better institutional care Positive Deviance approach for AWC based rehabilitation of Grade 1 & 2 malnourished children on I&YCF:3000 AWC in 30 districts. j. Integration of IMNCI and PD for better case management and community mobilization. k. Half yearly de-working and weekly IFA supplementation for adolescent girls (10-19) l. Iron drops/tablets for 1-5 years childre for anaemia prophylaxis state wide* m. Zinc + Low osmolar ORS as part of DD management in IMNCI in 14 districts. 2. Establish SNCU I & II networks in high IMR districts in a phased manner. Activities a. Establish state of art 24x7 SNCU II at DHH/ SDH level. b. Establish 24x7 SNCU level I at all CHC/BPHC c. Capacity building of the nursing staff and physicians. d. Im53 ICTC centers planned for scale up proved case management of sick neonates as per NNF protocol. 3. Strengthen RI program implementation with an objective to raise the percentage of fully immunized children above 80% and Implement state Measles control strategy. Activities a. Strengthen supportive supervision and concurrent monitoring through a credible immunisation surveillance system. b. Support routine immunization and polio eradication focusing on improved quality of 5. 6. micro planning, vaccine availability and cold chain maintenance. c. Enhance capacity at the institutional level to use birth registration data to assess immunization coverage. d. Sensitisation of school teachers in primary schools and Anganwadi workers so that they can participate more effectively in the immunization programmes e. Cross checking ICDS data on routine immunization with the data generated under the Health system to get a fair picture of the coverage and performance 4. Navajyoti interventions Activities a. Roll out SBA training to improve new born resucitation skills at birth. b. Improve neonatal survival at household level & institutional level. c. Promotion of Institutional delivery & safe/clean delivery at home d. Strengthening of post natal care services and birth preparedness. e. Dhaima orientationand TBA training as a transition strategy for ensuring trained birth attendance at domicilary level. Revised Malaria control programme among pregnant women and infants. Prevention of Parent To Child Transmission (PPTCT) services and HIV related deaths Activities a. Strengthening of PPTCT service delivery through 32 PPTCT centres and 28 ICTC centres. b. Expanding PPTCT services to reach out below District and sub-divisional level

11 c. PPTCT centers made functional and staff trained d. ICTC centers planed for scale up. e. Full site sensitization training for staff of Medical colleges & high prevalence district hospitals. 7. Improve health care delivery system Activities a. Strengthen fixed health programmes of the ANMs/ LHVs/ AWWs b. Improve provision of essential drugs at sub centre level c. Strengthen inter departmental collaboration through regular periodical coordination meetings at all levels between Health, WCD, PanchayatiRaj department on a routine basis d. Develop an integrated HMIS e. Improve health infrastructure for better delivery of care 8. Take concrete steps for early detection and prompt treatment of malaria, selective vector control Activitiesa. Keeping environment clean and dry and raise kitchen garden in the back yard b. Prevention of water stagnation around houses to prevent breeding of mosquitoes c. Use of bednets and sleeping daily under medicated bed nets d. Seek prompt treatment of any fever with health workers and take tablets as per schedule e. Encourage and support health workers who come to spray the houses with insecticides 9. Educate the community for involvement in maternal and child health services Activities a. Improve the knowledge of the community on birth preparedness and complication readiness including the recognition of common complications in pregnancy and prompt referral b. Home based care of low birth weight babiesWarmth and feeding including Kangaroo Care 10. Augment health care services for the urban poor and the migrant population Activities a. Build a database on urban slums and migrant population and include them in the service net b. Link the Municipalities, NACs, ESI and private sector for provisions of basic health services to the urban slums c. Provide user friendly services at work sites and tailor service provisions. d. Dissemination about safe health practices including WASH (Water and sanitation and hygiene), service providers, health functionaries etc in slum areas 11. Promote public awareness on breast feeding Activities a. Create awareness about the importance of early initiation the colostrums feeding for the newborn. b. Provide safe and adequate nutrition for infants, by promoting exclusive breast- feeding for first six months. c. Promotions of timely complementary feeding and raise awareness. d. Extension of maternity leave benefits from the present period of three months to six months. 12. Promote Safe health and sanitation practices Activitiesa. Create awareness through personal contact with households to bring about behavioural change on issues around sanitation and hand washing practices. b. Promote greater awareness around linkages between health and sanitation with a focus on diarrhoeal diseases. c. Create convergence between Department of Women & Child Development, NRHM & Total Sanitation Programmes. d. Promote different toilet options amongst the rural communities especially in water logged and water scarce areas.

12 e. Promote awareness around National Rural Water Quality Surveillance and Monitoring Programme (NRWQSMP) with special focus on bacterial contamination. 13. Improve health care delivery system Activities a. Strengthen fixed health programmes of the ANMs/LHVs/AWWs b. Improve provision of essential drugs at sub centre level. c. Strengthen inter departmental collaboration through regular periodical coordination meetings atall levels between Health, WCD, PanchayatiRaj department on a routine basis. d. Develop an integrated HMIS. e. Improve health infrastructure for better delivery of care. f. Formation & functioning of State & District Health missions. g. Placement of ASHA as a social mobiliser for all PH services. h. Janani Surakshya Yojana for BPL pregnant women to promote institutional deliveries. i. Strengthening, SC, PHC and CHC for quality care & outreach services. j. Strengthening capacities for evidence based planning, monitoring and supervision. k. IEC for enhancing Total Sanitation Campaign outputs.

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13 MILE STONES - MATERNAL HEALTH

Present situation
Reduce (SRs, Reduce Maternal Maternal 358367 Mortality Rate (SRs, 2003) 1998) Mortality Rate (MMR) by 75% of 619 (MMR) by 20% of 1996 levels by 2012. the current levels (NFHS -2) by 2010

2008

2010 294 495

2012
250

2015

Reduce maternal morbidity

2.5 MANAGEMENT INDICATORS

1. Levels of Maternal mortality rates 2. Mean age at marriage 3. Mean age at first pregnancy 4. Percentage of first trimester registration 5. Percentage of pregnant women who received 100 IFA 6. Percentage of pregnant women who received 3 three antenatal check ups. 7. Percentage of pregnant women with Blood pressure &weight and abdomen examination done during ANCs 8. Percentage of TT2 coverage. 9. Percentage of cases refereed to FRUs. 10. Percentage of FRUs performing C-section and blood transfusion. 11. Percentage of refereed cases managed properly at FRUs. 12. percentage of deliveries by trained attendants. 13. Percentage of deliveries by skilled birth attendants. 14. Percentage of deliveries in institutions. 15. Availability of oral contraceptive pills and condoms in MCP. 16. Percentage of pregnant women with Post Natal Care (PNC) within 24 hrs and 3 PNC in 6 weeks. 17. Percentage of women with birth spacing of 3 years or more.

IMPLEMENTING DEPARTMENTS
"!Dept of Health and Family Welfare "!Dept of Women & Child Development " Dept of Panchayati raj "!Dept of Information and PR

14 2 2.1 MATERNAL HEALTH PRESENT SITUATION The Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) has gone up from 361 in 1997 to 367 in 1998 in the state. ( HDR, 2004, Orissa ) 62.8% of ever married women who are anaemic. ( NFHS 3 )
D: Anaemia in women
Social group Scheduled tribes Orissa India Scheduled castes Orissa India Other backward classes Orissa India Other Orissa India Total Orissa India % of women with anaemia 74.7 64.9 66.3 56.0 61.3 50.7 54.4 47.6 63.0 51.8

38.7% are institutional births (NFHS-3) 50.7% of currently married women (15-49yrs) use any method of contraceptive.(NFHS-3) 99% of currently married women know about at least one method of contraception and 98% know at least one modern method of contraception. (NFHS-2) Female sterilization is the most widely known method of contraception in Orissa, (33.1% as per NFHS-3) The Total Fertility Rate ( TFR ) for women in the 15 49 years age group is 2.37. (NFHS 3 ) 62.1% of women have heard of AIDS. (NFHS-3) BMI- high proportion of women (40.5%) with a body mass index less than normal. (NFHS-3) Life expectancy Female- 56.6 and Male- 56.9 years 1992-96 (National HDR 2001). Urban female life expectancy (66 years) is higher than the rural (55.8 years) In comparison to all India estimates, the life expectancy of both male and female across rural and urban regions of Orissa lags behind.

Source - NFHS-2

36.3% of women are married by the age of 18yrs (NFHS-3.

60.9% of mothers who had at least 2 antenatal care further last birth. (NFHS - 3) Only 13.4 % of mothers received post natal care in rural areas while in urban areas it was slightly higher at 27.3%. (MICS, 2000) Only 13.7% of the mothers under the age of 20 years received family planning advice (NFHS-2)

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15 2.2 GOALS 2. Promote institutional deliveries or at least ensure deliveries assisted by trained/ skilled attendants. Activities a. IEC about institutional deliveries b. Update the list of TBAs in each village. Through various activities they are to be mobilised, trained and retrained if required for providing aseptic deliveries. c. Involve the private sector obstetricians and anaesthetists and NGO health institutions. d. DDKs to be provided in sufficient quantities (through WSHGs or other sources) and made available to TBAs /families with expectant mothers. 3. Promote effective referral services for obstetric complications. Activities a. The First Referral Units to be identified at subdistrict level, i.e. one for 3-5 lakh population and to be strengthened to handle obstetric emergencies. This will necessitate the posting of the specialists and providing facilities for operations, especially facility for anaesthesia. b. List of such First referral Units are made available in each village, so that there is no delay in referring the patients to appropriate health facility. (Type II delay). This will require the participation of Panchayat members as well as motivation of the community to plan for emergency transportation wherever required. c. For identification of cut off points for referral during pregnancy and child birth, capacity is enhanced of the family members to shift such cases to referral units without any delay.(Type I delay). 4. Ensure access to contraceptive protection for all couples. Activities a. Contraceptives to be made available in the village.

Improve womens health in a holistic manner. Reduce Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) by 20% of the current levels by 2010 (Orissa Vision 2010). 2.3
Sl. No.

OBJECTIVES
RCH Outcomes

Current TARGET Status (specify 07-08 08-09 09-10 year & source) 1. % of pregnant women receiving full ANC coverage (3 ANC checks, 2 TT injections & 100 IFA Tablets) Overall 61/87 71 81 91 2. % of pregnant women age 15-49 who are anaemic Overall 33* 43 53 63 3. % of births assisted by a doctor / nurse / LHV / ANM/ Other health personnel Overall 46*/43 55 65 75 4. % of institutional births Overall 38*/45 60 70 80 5. % of mothers who received post partum care from a doctor / nurse / LHV/ ANM/ other health personnel within 2 days of delivery for their last birth. Overall 38* 60 70 80 Family Planning 6. Contraceptive prevalence rate (any modern method) Overall 93 100 100 100 7. Contraceptive prevalence rate (limiting methods) Male Sterilization 33*/73 43 53 63 Female Sterilization 8. Contraceptive prevalence rate (spacing methods) Oral Pills 90 IUDs 90 Condoms 97 9. Unmet need for spacing methods among eligible couples Overall 7* 5 4 3 10. Unmet need for terminal methods among eligible couples Overall 8* 6 4 2

2.4 1.

STRATEGIES & ACTIVITIES Ensure access to quality ante-natal and post natal care to all mothers.

Activities a. Under the action plan of MCH/FW antenatal care is provided during regular field visits paid by the Health Worker (Female). b. Early registration of antenatal mothers, their follow-up, early detection of complications and referrals are to be ensured. ICDS (AWW) functionaries, TBAs and VHGs should closely collaborate with Health Workers (Female).

16 b. Knowledge/ Awareness regarding the usage and benefits of contraceptives 5. Provide safe abortion services Activities a. All PHCS to provide MTP services including counselling after adequate training of doctors, provision of adequate equipment and proper follow up care b. Generate awareness on the need for safe abortions and the dangers of illegal abortions. c. Pre Natal Diagnostic Test ( PNDT ) Act to be implemented in full vigour . 6. Strengthen Adolescent Anemia Control Program Activities An anemia reduction programme for Adolescent Girls is operational in 112 blocks of KBK and other backward districts in the state. The strategy for the school going girls involves supervised administration of IFA tablets. For out-of-school girls, the programme envisages formation of groups of adolescent girls and impart them life skills training along with supply of IFA tablets. Known as Kishori Shakti Yojana it is implemented by the Department of Women and Child Development. In addition, a programme for adolescent girls called Project Kishore is being implemented by UNICEF in Balasore and Mayurbhanj districts. Such efforts are to be made more wide spread and impact assessment study should be done. 7. Health and nutrition education for all members of the community Activities a. Information on health, nutrition and services to be provided through network of WSHGs b. Present channels of disseminating information to be strengthened and outreach to be extended. c. Campaign mode to be adopted in the mass media d. Motivate the male members of the community for responsibility sharing. 9. 8. Medical audit of maternal deaths Activities a. Audits of maternal deaths to be conducted at all institutional levels/ verbal for learning from these occurrences to improve quality of care and reduce maternal deaths. e. Frequent on job training courses for health workers to upgrade their skills of communication

Strengthen reproductive rights, womens empowerment issues, gender equity and male involvement Activities a. Pro active Womens Policy to be formulated and enacted. b. Gender sensitization of service providers at all levels to be undertaken. c. Public campaign against female foeticide to be undertaken. 10. Reduce anemia among the adolescent girls and women in the reproductive age Activities a. Strengthen Kishori Shakti Yojana b. Provide dietary and nutritional advice on locally available foods 11. Encourage institutional deliveries Activities a. Government to subsidise the delivery costs, inclusive of the cost of the transport involved to reach the facility b. Provide financial support to pregnant women for transportation cost to reach health institutions c. Refresher training of dais and periodically replenish their kits d. Involve the private sector obstetricians and anaesthetists and NGO health institutions. e. Continue skill based training of ANMs for better service delivery

17 MILE STONES - NUTRITION

Present situation Reduction of mal nutrition amongst children 50% are under nourished (<5years) 73% 2008 2010 2012 34% 2015

Reduction of anaemia amongst pre school children Improve Vit A coverage Improved use of iodised salt

90% 73%

3.5

MANAGEMENT INDICATORS

1. Percentage of children weighed within two days of birth 2. Percentage of children with birth weight above 2500 gms 3. Percentage of mothers feeding colostrums to the baby among the institutional delivery cases and among

children delivered at home.

4. Percentage of children exclusively breastfed for six months. 5. Percentage of children in the age group of 6-9 months receiving proper and timely complementary feeding. 6. Percentage children receiving continuing feeding during illness. 7. Weighing efficiency at the AWC level especially among children in the 0-3 years age group. 8. Incidence of moderate and severe malnutrition among the children. 9. Reduction in the seasonal variation in levels of malnutrition among children. 10. Number of feedback sessions held in the community on growth charts and mother child protection card. 11. Number of ICDS projects carrying out analysis of the MPR data and assessing performance levels of different

Anganwadi centres.
12. Percentage of children receiving Vitamin A supplementation up to 3 years of age. 13. Percentage of children covered by first two mega doses of Vitamin A, at the time of measles vaccination

and subsequent doses.

14. Percentage of households consuming iodised salt (with 15 ppm or more iodine contents). 15. Total goiter prevalence rate (among children in 6-11 years of age.) 16. Reduction in the incidence of moderate and severe anemia among children in the 0-6 years age group. 17. Improvement in the Pre-school enrolment levels.

IMPLEMENTING DEPARTMENTS
"!Dept of Women & Child Development "!Dept of Rural Development "!Dept of Health and Family Welfare "!Dept of Civil Supplies "Dept of Information and PR "

Dept of Panchayati Raj

18 3 3.1 NUTRITION PRESENT SITUATION There are 30.86 lakhs beneficiary under the supplementary nutrition of ICDS in 2004-05. The Mid-day meal programme introduced since 1995 provides noon meal to Primary School children for 210 working days. From July 2001 cooked food is being provided to the primary schools children in the 8 KBK districts and 74 ITDA blocks in non-KBK districts. Dry ration is provided to other blocks. A total of 51,51,346 students in 55,170 schools were covered under MDM during 2004-05. E: Nutritional status of children.
The nutritional status of children is assessed on three indicators. weight for age (under weight), height for age (stunted) and weight for height (wasted). Under weight - Marginal deterioration in the under weight children percentage ( to 54 % from 53 % ) since NFHS 1 Stunting - Proportion of stunted children decreased from 48% to 44% Wasting - Percentage of children wasted has increased from 21 % to 24 %. There seems to be little variation across gender on prevalence of under nutrition, which is related to maternal nutritional status, educational status and economic condition.

54.3% of children under 3yrs were breastfed within one hour of birth( NFHS 3) 42% of children in the state have received at least one Vitamin A dose. (RCH, NFHS-2) More than 44% of children under 3yrs of both the sexes are under weight (low weight for age). ( NFHS 3 ) 38.3% of children are stunted (height for age) and 18.5% are wasted. (NFHS-3) For the period of January March 2003 , 25% of children in the age of 0 3 years are suffering from moderate and severe malnutrition ( 33.4%) (DWCD, GoO 2003) Only 35% of the households used adequately iodised salt (NFHS-2) Under supplementary nutrition 13,22,801 children have been covered in the age group of 6 months to 3 yrs while 12,18,801 children were covered in the 3 to 6 years age group. There are 326 ICDS projects in 314 blocks and in 12 urban areas covering children within the age group of 0-6yrs (DWCD, 2006).

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19 3.2 GOALS supplementation among pregnant women, adolescent girls and preschool children. b. Improved weighing at birth through the involvement of AWWs, TBAS and the Women Self Help Groups. c. Improved growth monitoring and interventions for growth promotions. d. Create awareness about the importance of colostrums for the new born. e. Train the Health workers & Anganwadi workers 2. Convergence of services for the child Activities a. ICDS and Health joint planning and review b. Joint training among functionaries of ICDS, Health, Education and members of PRI institutions. c. Convergence of information from the birth registration, ICDS, Anganwadi Centres and pre-school enrolment records. d. Use of Mother and child protection card for creating convergence of Health and nutrition services. 3. Prevention and reduction of micro-nutrient malnutrition Activities a. Promotion of early and exclusive breast feeding for first six months and continued feeding for two years and beyond. b. Promotions of timely complementary feeding and raise awareness about the quality and the quantity of the food required by the child. c. Improve availability and consumption of iodised salt d. Reduce iron deficiency anemia in children e. Improve nutritional surveillance, analyse regional and seasonal variations f. Implement the National Nutrition Mission.

Work towards achieving National Nutritional Goals and specifically targeting interventions to prevent malnutrition among children with special attention on children under three years of age and from the marginalized groups. 3.3 OBJECTIVES Improve household food security through poverty alleviation programmes and adequate knowledge dissemination and support services. Achieve 30% reduction in moderate and severe malnutrition by 2010 and eliminate severe malnutrition among young children Protect, promote and support exclusive breastfeeding of infants for six months and continued breastfeeding with safe, appropriate and adequate complementary feeding up to two years of age or beyond. Promote appropriate diets and healthy lifestyles through nutrition and health education to improve work capacity and reduce the risk of degenerative diseases. Reduction in chronic energy deficiency in children and adults. Achieve sustainable elimination of Vitamin A deficiency by 2010 Reduce by one-third the prevalence of anemia including iron-deficiencies by 2010 Accelerate progress towards reduction of other micronutrient deficiencies. Universal iodization of common salt and elimination of iodine deficiency disorders. Address the problem of malnutrition in a holistic manner and accelerate reduction of various forms of malnutrition especially in women and children. 3.4 1. STRATEGIES & ACTIVITIES Improved care of pregnant women and children below three years Activities a. Improving compliance for iron and folic acid

20 4. Improved community participation for better child care practices Activities a. Community mobilization and awareness b. Involve the Public Distribution System. c. Create awareness about the benefits of the iodated salt for children. d. Strengthening the Women Self Help groups to enhance their involvement in promoting positive 5. care practices at community and household level Increase Research and evaluation Activities a. Identify, select and test arrange of psycho-social development indicators that can track improvements in early child development b. Conduct research and analysis on data related to nutrition and early child development c. Prepare strategic papers based on research

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21 MILE STONES - WATER AND SANITATION

Present situation 2008 2010 100% (urban) 100% (urban) 2012 100% 100% (rural) 2015

Improved Safe drinking Improve Safe drinking water coverage coverage

Improve Sanitation coverage Increase number of Schools with drinking water Improve the number of Schools with toilets

63% 98% (MICS) 66.5% (toilet within premises) 45%

15%

* Source : Comprehensive Action Plan - GoO.

MANAGEMENT INDICATORS 1. Percentage of defunct water sources. 2. Per capita availability of water in rural and in urban areas against the prescribed norm. 3. Identification of contaminated water sources. 4. Number of blocks where all water sources have been tested. 5. Percentage of private tube-wells tested. 6. Percentage of affected sources where alternative source has been provided. 7. Not a problem identified in Orissa. 8. Incidence of diarrhea and other water borne diseases, especially in the wake of natural disasters. 9. Percentage of rural households provided with sanitary coverage. 10. Conversion of service latrines into pit/ WC type of latrines. 11. Performance of the sanitary marts. 12. Percentage of schools without toilet facilities. 13. Percentage of schools without drinking water facilities within its premises. 14. Reduction in the incidence of worm infestation among children. 15. Reduction in regional disparities in coverage through sanitary latrines. 16. Percentage of blocks covered completely with sanitation facility. IMPLEMENTING DEPARTMENTS: Rural Development Department (Rural Water Supply & Saitation)
" Dept of Health and Family Welfare "!Dept of Panchayati Raj "!Dept of Urban & Housing Development

22 4 WATER AND SANITATION 4.1 PRESENT SITUATION Only 63 % households have access to improved drinking water facility (MICS 2000). According to RWSS more than 95% of Households have access to improved drinking water facility. Only 22% of the households have a source of drinking water within the premises, which is much less than the India figures (42.1 %). (MICS, 2000) Over 28% of households have toilet facility. (SW&S Mission) 38.9% tubewells have been tested. (SW&S Mission) Out of 80,000 sources tested for flouride, 1000 source test positive for affected flouride.(SW&S Mission) 35% of schools have separate toilets for boys and girls (SW&S Mission) 16.6% of Schools have girls toilet. (Unicef 2006) 80% of the schools have provision for drinking water. (SW&S Mission). Total Sanitation Campaign launched in all 30 districts. Comprehensive Action Plan study done by RWSS, reveals that more than 98% of household have coverage to an improved safe drinking water facility. UNICEF supports the Government initiated Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) and Swajaldhara progarmmes with special focus on - Personal, home hygiene and sanitation practices - School hygiene, sanitation and water supplies - Community management of water systems F: Diarrhoea- Important killer of children under the age of 5 years. 28% of children under the age of 3 years suffered from diarrhea. Girls are more likely to suffer more than the boys. The prevalence of diarrhoea is the lowest in children who use water purified by water filter. Knowledge about ORS is more among the educated and urban mothers compared to the rural counterparts. (NFHS 2).

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23 4.2 GOALS participation through cost sharing during planning, implementation and operation and maintenance of projects and to be concerned about sustainability of sources To promote better management of valuable water resources including practices to minimize usage of water to recognize ground water as scarce resource to be conserved and to take up measures for recharging of ground water, harvesting of rainwater and creation/renovation of water bodies; 4.4 1. STRATEGIES & ACTIVITIES

Universal access to safe drinking water Universal access to sanitation facilities and adoption of positive personal, home hygiene and sanitation practices 4.3 OBJECTIVES Provision of adequate safe drinking water facilities to the entire population both in urban and in rural areas. All villages to have sustained access to potable drinking water within the 10th Plan period Decentralised operation and maintenance of water sources for greater sustainability through the self employed mechanics (SEMs). All gram panchayats to be covered with self employed mechanics for source maintenance of water. 100% water quality monitoring surveillance to be conducted by end 2007 60% of the rural population to have access to sanitation facilities and increased use of toilets All schools upto higher secondary level to have access to water and sanitation facilities All rural and urban schools upto high school to have separate toilets for boys and girls. All Anganwadi centres housed in government buildings to have access to water and baby friendly toilet facilities. To build family and community capacity for managing existing water and sanitation systems Promote behavioural change through health and hygiene education in the community and schools; including in the school curriculum. Develop legislation policies and programmes, as appropriate, at the state level and enhance international cooperation to prevent, inter alia, the exposure of children to harmful environmental contaminants in the air, water, soil and food. Irrigation and multi purpose projects to include a drinking water component. Provide wide range of technological options for both drinking water and sanitation. To strengthen the demand responsive sector reform initiative by encouraging community

Cover all blocks under rural sanitation Activities a. The blocks to be covered through routine activity of the Department.

2.

Accelerate coverage among rural households, especially amongst the below the poverty line (BPL) with sanitation facilities. Activities a. Strengthening of the network of sanitary marts for dissemination of cost-effective technologies. b. Increasing the number of full coverage blocks through promotion of Nirmal Gram Panchayats. c. Alternative delivery mechanisms for sanitation linked to a range of demand responsive, effective and environmentally sustainable sanitation options. d. Use a social marketing approach to accelerate and foster acceptance of provided technological options e. Establish cross-sectoral linkages with Health and WCD and Education departments. f. Involve school teachers, PTA, women groups and school children in the promotion of health related activities in schools

3.

Eradicate manual scavenging by converting all existing dry latrines into cost effective sanitary latrines

24 4. Rejuvenation of defunct pumps as well as proper maintenance of the piped water supply schemes Activities a. Community based approaches to monitor and improve drinking water quality b. Develop and implement appropriate communitybased management systems and appropriate community-based monitoring and evaluation mechanism including water quality surveillance. c. Training of technicians for operation and maintenance of water systems in the sector 5. Evolve appropriate technology mix, to improve performance and cost effectiveness of ongoing programmes and to create awareness on safe drinking water and take effective steps to contain the problem of contamination. Activities a. To set up a credible surveillance system for water quality monitoring in all tube wells in each of the blocks and identify safe sources. b. Creation of awareness through an IEC campaign among the private tube-well owners in getting their wells tested. c. Create awareness among users to use water from safe tubewells and use domestic filters. d. Support the development of training modules for doctors and other medical staff on the identification and treatment of arscenicosis. 6. Promote behavioral change at individual, family and community levels through targeted communication messages. Activities a. Campaigns to increase demand for household sanitary toilets. b. Promote sustained hygiene behavior in areas where all households have access to sanitary toilets. c. Intensive social mobilization and awareness generation programmes on safe water. Health, improved sanitation and hygienic practices d. Involve the PRI, local NGOs and CBO functionaries at all levels for motivation and awareness generation e. Produce IEC materials focusing on hygiene related issues. f. Develop child-to-child community outreach as well as promote health clubs to foster school WES Programme g. Develop appropriate monitoring and evaluation mechanism. 7. Strengthen the interface between communities and service providers by promoting hygiene practices through schools (child-to-parent route). a. Support and coordinate through the Master Plan of Action the construction of toilet and installation of handpumps in all primary schools. b. Motivate and train teachers and students to use and maintain the water and sanitation facilities. c. Promote messages of health and hygiene to the community at large through teachers and students. d. Cover on priority basis all Anganwadi centres having own / government owned premises with baby-friendly toilets. e. Carry out utilisation surveys to provide insights for design of the IEC campaign. 8. Strengthen policies, standards and regulatory frameworks that are supportive of families and communities, particularly the poorest.

25

CHILD DEVELOPMENT
Ensure holistic child development through proper early child care and education, environment including care of the adolescents and challenged children with specific attention given to the girl child

* * * * * *

Early Childhood Care and Education Rights of the Girl Child. Adolescents Challenged children Child and Environment Elementary Education

26

MILE STONES - EARLY CHILDHOOD CARE AND EDUCATION

Present situation Universal enrollment in Early Childhood education More than 1 lakh children (ICDS)

2008 2 Lakhs

2010 2.25 Lakhs

2012 2.50 Lakhs

2015 3 Lakhs (on the basis of MPR)

MANAGEMENT INDICATORS 1. No of Anganwadi workers who received in service training 2. No of Anganwadi centres adjacent to primary schools 3. No of children (boys and girls) in each Anganwadi centres 4. Ratio of children in Anganwadi centres to the child population in the relevant age group.

IMPLEMENTING DEPARTMENTS
"!Dept of Women and Child Development "!Dept of Health and Family Welfare

27 1. 1.1 EARLY CHILDHOOD CARE AND EDUCATION PRESENT SITUATION Approximately 3.4 million children in the age group of 3 - 6 years are to be provided with pre school education. There are 326 ICDS projects in the state ( 314 in the blocks and 12 Urban projects) with 34,201 Anganwadi Centers which caters to the needs of the pre school children. Each Centre has a lady Anganwadi worker and in the next level there are 1742 Supervisors. 3279 new Anganwadi Centers have been sanctioned. Under ICDS, there are a total of 30.54 lakhs beneficiaries including 25.42 lakh children (6 months to 6 yrs) and 5.12 lakh pregnant and lactating mothers. (DWCD, 2005) UNICEF supported ECE programme is being implemented in the state since 1982 to achieve UEE. 1728 new ECCE centres have ben opened under SSA and 1432 centres under NPEGEL. NGOs and Private organisations too have facilities for children in the 0 - 6 years age group operating Balwadis and crches. Children's enrolment in pre-schools (3-6yrs) under ICDS has been 10,58,216 as on 31.03.2006. Attendance of the enrolled children is more than 85%. However the MICS, 2000 survey of UNICEF does not report such high attendance of children belonging to the age group of 3 - 4 years (32.9 %). There is also a positive gender differential in attendance with a higher attendance of girls (35 %) than that of the boys (31 %) according to MICS,2000.

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28 1.2 GOAL To make Early Childhood Care & Education ( ECCE) an integral part of the whole education system so as to provide opportunities for Pre school education for children in the 3 - 5 age group 1.3 OBJECTIVES Make ECCE as a significant feeder and support to universal enrolment in schools To provide a support service for the working women through ECCE To strengthen the pre school component in Anganwadis 1.4 STRATEGIES & ACTIVITIES 1. Strengthen existing Anganwadis 2. Establish Anganwadis as adjuncts to each primary schools by relocating of AWCs. This may be of considerable help to girls with a younger siblings in the AWC. 3. Ensure universal coverage for pre-school enrolment particularly of the girl child through the Anganwadi centres 4. Devise suitable training modules and need based curriculum for Pre school educators along with suitable training facilities. 5. Establish and develop linkages between ICDS centres, Community, NGOs and PRI functionaries. 6. Establish a Supervisory and monitoring mechanism at the state level to maintain the quality of Pre school education. 7. Inservice training programmes for Anganwadi workers to give them exposure for the Pre school component in the ICDS programme. 8. A policy on Pre school education

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29 MILE STONES - RIGHTS OF THE GIRL CHILD

Present situation U niversalise Prim ary school enrollm ent of girls R educe Prim ary level drop out of girls Im prove child sex ratio anem ia in girls R educe m al nutrition in girls Elim inate girlia child labour R educe anem in girls Increase of m arriage Elim inate age girl child labour of girls Increase age of m arriage of girls 2008 2010 2012 2015

MANAGEMENT INDICATORS 1. Increase in Sex ratio 2. Increase in Sex ratio ( 0 - 6 years ) 3. Maintain the Life expectancy of females 4. Reduction in Still births of females 5. Reduction in Mortality rates - infant, maternal, Under 5, Child, neo natal 6. Increase in Immunization 7. Reduction of Anemia in girls and women 8. Improved BMI 9. Reduction in Low birth weight baby girls 10. Reduction in Vitamin A deficiency 11. Increase the Age at marriage 12. Increase in female Literacy 13. Improve attendance of girl child in primary, elementary and high school 14. Reduction in Drop out rate 15. Reduction in Child labour 16. Female work participation rate 17. Child sexual abuse IMPLEMENTING AGENCIES
"!All

departments

"!agencies "!NGOs !"!CBOs

30 2. 2.1 RIGHTS OF THE GIRL CHILD PRESENT SITUATION Sex Ratio- The Sex Ratio is 972. The 0 - 6 years child population has a sex ratio of 950 which is a decline of 17 points over the 1991 data. (2001 Census) Birth registration - MICS 2000 reports that only 10% of all births are registered in the State though there is no gender disaggregated data. However Govt data shows 78% registration of births in the state in the year 2004. ( Directorate of Health Services, Orissa ) Immunisation - Routine information on immunisation is often presented in a gender blind format. There is no provision in the record keeping to note the sex of the child immunised. Nutrition - Nutrition is another area which is gender blind as far recording and reporting is concerned. Anaemia - Anaemia among the children is widely prevalent and nearly 74% of the children have some form of the anaemia. A large percentage of women ( 40% ) have a BMI below normal. However there is no gender disaggregated data. Age at marriage - Early marriage and subsequent early pregnancies is a major barrier preventing women from participating in their reproductive role appropriately as they begin to loose opportunities - both social and economic on this account. As per NFHS - 3, 36.3% of all women (38.7% of rural and 24.3% of urban women) aged 20-24years are married by the age of 18 years. Literacy - Female literacy rates though has increased from 35% to 51% between 1991 and 2001 Census, the male - female gap is 24.98 points (rural 26.35 and urban 15.64) is wide. The female literacy gap across urban - rural region is 25.46%. Gender gaps among the SC and ST population groups is also very sharp. Attendance in schools - There are strong signs of gender disparity in the attendance ratios with the Female attendance ratio at least 10 points lower than the male attendance ratios. Age specific enrolment - Enrolment of girls is much less than the boys in primary level school.
G: Age Specific Enrolment Ratio (Orissa & India : 1981- 1991)
Age group - 6 to below 11 years 1981 Boys Orissa India 58.4 55.3 Girls 39.0 38.5 Total 48.7 47.2 Boys 60.6 56.6 1991 Girls 48.0 45.4 Total 54.3 51.2

Note - Age Specific Enrolment Ratio = (Estimated enrolment in an age group/ Estimated child population in that age group) X 100

The situation is even worse for the girls belonging to the scheduled castes and tribes. In general the SC and ST girls are enrolled in less percentage than the General category but there is sharp difference within the SC and ST with the ST lagging behind. Drop out - The dropout rate has decreased over the last 2 decades due to the various interventions. The drop out rate is 32% in the Primary level with the boys and girls dropping out in more or less the same level. Drop out rates of girls in the Upper Primary classes is higher than the boys ( difference of about 2 points ). In the overall schooling years (Class 1 to 10th), the percentage of girls drop out is 62.05 in comparison to that of the boys at 52.42%. Child labour - As per a survey conducted in 1997, a total of 2,15,222 no of child labourers were identified out of which there were 93,696 (43%) girls, 13467 in hazardous areas. Among the sectors in hazardous working conditions, the largest presence of girls is in the Bidi making industry.

31 Female Work Force participation- The entire area of women's (girls included) workforce participation needs serious monitoring since workforce participation levels of women strongly correlate with girl child survival. Also women's control over income is reported to have positive effects on the nutritional status of children. Participation in decision making processes Participation of women in political process has gone up due to the reservation of seats in the local self governance bodies. Sensitisation of the women representatives in the PRIs on different aspects of gender discrimination can be expected to have a positive effect on the development of girl children. However the representation of women as MPs or MLAs is very poor. In 2004, there are a total of 2 women MPs (9 %) out of 21 MPs in the Lok Sabha and 2 (20 %) out of 10 MPs in the Rajya Sabha. In the Orissa Legislative Assembly, out of a total of 147 MLAs only 9 (6.1 % ) are women in the 2004 elections.

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32 2.2 GOAL Address issues pertaining to gender disparities and ensure that the girl child has the liberty and environment for full and overall development and she is given the status of as an individual and citizen of her own right.. 2.3 OBJECTIVES Promote advocacy to remove gender disparities, where these exist, in the following spheres: survival, quality of survival, acquisition of skills, social opportunities, economic opportunities, physical security and participation and decision making in the public realm. Strengthen legal systems aimed at elimination of all forms of discrimination against the girl child. Create an enabling environment which will facilitate the overall development of the girl child. 2.4 STRATEGIES & ACTIVITIES 1. Advocacy to change attitude and discriminatory practices towards the girl child. 2. Enforce the laws that protect the equal rights of the girl child. 3. Encourage and support the NGOs, CBOs to promote positive attitudes and practices among the society and community towards the girl child. 4. Take affirmative action for the removal of gender discrimination against the girl child. 5. Monitor the sex selective abortions to prevent sex selection foeticide and take criminal and legal action against such centers/ doctors. 6. Gender sensitise the judiciary, police, local authorities and others in public administration. 7. Address nutritional discrimination against the girl child 8. Eliminate regressive practices against the girl child such as Sati, witch hunting, child marriage. 9. Take preventive, protective and rehabilitative measures to address the economic, sexual, nutritional, educational exploitation and vulnerability of the girl child.

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33 MILE STONES - ADOLESCENTS

Present 2008 situation Improve physical well being of adolescent girls Reduce anaemia in adolescent girls
60%

2010

2012

2015

65%

70%

75%

50%

60%

70%

80%

MANAGEMENT INDICATORS 1. Increase in the mean and median age at marriage. 2. Cases booked under Child Marriage Restraint Act and the conviction rate thereof. 3. Retention of girls in school at the secondary stage. 4. Reduction in the number of illiterate adolescent girls. 5. Number of schools covered with IFA supply. 6. Number of groups formed and given life skills education. 7. Reduction in the levels of anaemia among school going girls. 8. Reduction in the levels of anaemia among adolescent girls out of school. 9. Number of adolescent girls in the 16-18 age group joining as affiliate members of WSHGs. 10. Decline in the incidence crime against women and gender specific crime against adolescent girls. 11. Increase in workforce participation rate among women. IMPLEMENTING DEPARTMENTS
"! Dept

of Women and Child Development

! "! Dept

of School and Mass Education

"! Dept

of Home

"!Dept of Health and Family Welfare

34 3. 3.1 ADOLESCENTS PRESENT SITUATION 36.3% of all women, 38.7% of rural women and 24.3% of urban women aged 20-24 years are married by the age of 18 years. (NFHS - 3) although the Child Marriage Restraint Act prohibits marriage before the age of 18 for girls. However there is an improvement since NFHS - 2. The proportion of married adolescent girls attending formal school is negligible. Anemia among the adolescent married women is very high ( 67.1% ). Mild anemia affects 42.3% of the girls while 22.5% are affected by moderate anemia (NFHS-3). Kishori Shakti Yojana, a component of ICDS is being implemented in 112 project areas (blocks) of the State mainly in the KBK districts. 5.24 lakh adolescent girls have been identified for providing 100 tables and 4 tables of deworming. The remaining 214 project area have been covered under the Adolescent Girls component of ICDS III since 2003-04. 13.84 Lakh adolescent girls has been identified in these 214 project areas. UNICEF is running a similar programme in Balasore and Mayurbhanja district Crimes committed by juvenile delinquents under the various crimes under IPC and SLL in the state was 196 in numbers during the year 1999. Out of these 184 were committed by boys and the rest by girls. These children belong to the low income group and are mostly illiterate. ( Crime in India , NCRB,1999 ) In order to provide intensive coaching to students reading in Classes V to X and to enable them to participate in national level sports competitions, 6 number of sports hostels have been established in the State. 194 students are staying in this hostel.

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35 3.2 GOALS (iii) The thrust areas of empowerment gender equality and inter- sectoral approach (iv) Distinction between adolescents in the age group of 13 to 19 years and the age attainment of maturity from 20-30 years 3.4 1. STRATEGIES & ACTIVITIES Step up advocacy efforts on increasing the age at marriage. a. Available nuptiality data from RCH & FHS need to be analysed in greater detail. This will help identify pockets where problem of early marriage is relatively acute. It will also help identify regions where significant number of girls may be getting married below the age of 15. The RCH, NFHS and the Census 2001 data need detailed analysis in this regard. b. Focused intervention in terms of increased literacy, education and economic opportunity in areas where incidence of early marriage is high. c. Strong implementation of the Child Marriage Restraint Act in some exemplary cases for a demonstration effect. 2. Impart educational and economic opportunity to married adolescents a. While improved retention in school can delay early marriage, there is a need to provide educational opportunity to adolescents who are already married. This is likely to be difficult through the channel of formal schooling. However, specifically designed courses offered through ICDS or WSHGs can work in this regard. b. WSHGs can also play an important role in providing future economic opportunities to married adolescents. A policy initiative to allow married adolescents to become 'affiliate' members of WSHGs needs serious consideration in this regard. This will increase the social communication network and economic security net of the married adolescent girls to improve their status in the household.

To ensure the all round development of adolescents both boys and girls in the age group of 11 - 18 years. Eliminate child marriage by 2010. 3.3 OBJECTIVES Promote physical, mental and emotional health among the adolescents, through play, sports, recreation, artistic and cultural expression. Develop policies and programmes aimed at children, including adolescents, for the reduction of violence and suicide. Provide education and training opportunities to adolescents to help them acquire sustainable livelihoods. Design and implement programmes for the adolescent girls to improve their health, acquire life skills including education. Generate awareness, counselling, education and services regarding HIV/AIDS. Ensure observance of the legal age of marriage of both boys and girls. Endorse the National Youth Policy, 2000 which has the following objectives: (i) Mass education, formal and non-formal. (ii) Training programme for self employment (iii) Personality development and character building (iv) Promotion of physical fitness. Adopt the National Youth Policy for Adolescents (Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports) which has the following objectives (i) Placing responsibilities on youth along with privileges (ii) Providing youth with more access to the process of decision making and implementation thereof

Activities -

Activities

36 3. Impart life skills education to out of school adolescents girls. b. Scaling up the supervised IFA consumption and deworming programmes in schools. c. Initiating this activity among the Adolescent Girl's group and scaling it up through KSY. d. Involve the WSHGs in addressing issues pertaining to adolescent girls. 6. Raise awareness and concern about levels of crimes against women in general and adolescents in particular

Activities Formation of Adolescent Girls' groups for imparting life skills education and accessing various services under health and other programmes. This activity can be scaled up through the Kishori Shakti Yojana in KBK districts. 4. Make available information on protection from HIV / AIDS to adolescents Activities Offer relevant information on the risks and on protecting themselves from such risks as part of the life-skills education (Also see the section on HIV/AIDS). 5. Raise awareness about iron deficiency anemia & SIHF nutrition standard for Adolescent girls. Activities a. Media advocacy both in the formal and the nonformal sectors.

Activities Regular and detailed analysis of data. While the NCRB (National Crime Research Bureau) data are regularly published, these are rarely analysed in the policy context. It is necessary to use these data for advocacy purposes by identifying the adverse effect the crime situation may have on age at marriage, workforce participation and related matters.

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37 MILE STONES - CHALLENGED CHILDREN

Present situation Increase Barrier free environment Increase issue of Disability certificate Improve coverage of vocational training of PWDs

2008

2010

2012

2015

50%

60%

70%

80%

20%

30%

40%

50%

MANAGEMENT INDICATORS 1. Incidence of disability detected among children in the 0 - 6 years age group. 2. Percentage of children with disability enrolled in schools ( especially girls ) 3. Percentage of disabled children who are able to join higher education. 4. Percentage of children with disability finally able to join the main stream work force 5. Percentage of health and ICDS centers providing disability related services 6. Cases of polio detected, if any 7. Percentage of institutions, organizations adopting policies of equal opportunities and practicing them too. 8. Percentage of public facilities such as public transport systems, public buildings, open spaces like parks, cinema halls etc which cater to the needs of the challenged persons. 9. Percentage of identified disabled children and adolescents who are provided with vocational training, IMPLEMENTING AGENCIES
"!Dept of Women and Child development !"!Dept of School and mass education "!Dept of Health and family welfare " Dept of Panchyati raj "!Dept of Rural Development " Urban local bodies " NGOs

38 4 CHALLENGED CHILDREN 4.1 PRESENT SITUATION As per the NSSO estimates the disability incidence in the State is 1.4%. The Census 2001 data reveals that there 2775 disabled per 1 lakh population in the state. A total of 1 lakh beneficiaries receive the Disability Pension (DWCD, GoO). There are 50 Special schools with intake capacity of 2939 for handicapped children. Out of the 50 schools, 18 for visually impaired children, 21 for the hearing impaired and 11 schools are for the mentally challenged. A total of 2503 children were enrolled in 2004-05. these schools (DWCD, GoO). The NGOs/ Voluntary organizations run another 24 schools with 953 students (DWCD, GoO). At present 4 vocational training centres established by State Government are imparting training to 141 disabled students. Besides, 7 vocational training centres are managed by NGOs (DWCD, GoO). A special ITI for disabled persons has been decided to be setup (DWCD, GoO). A minimal scholarship of Rs 100 per month is given to the physically challenged children studying in the Primary classes. Rs 140 is given to the Middle and High School students. In case the student is studying outside the state a sum of Rs 190 per month is given. The blind students are given Rs 30 in the Primary classes, Rs 60 in the Middle and High School classes. The Disability Act 1995 makes it compulsory on the part of the State and the local authorities to provide ramps in public buildings, hospitals etc. The National Handicapped Finance Development Corporation has sanctioned loan in favour of 1961 handicapped persons amounting to Rs. 9.36 crore since 1998.

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39 4.2 GOALS 2. Link the system of early detection with follow up alongwith distribution of the disability certificate promptly. Involve NGOs mostly in community based rehabilitation (CBR) processes. Integrate the challenged and disabled children Foster an integrated education system to ensure that children with disabilities attend regular schools. Teacher training, provision of support for teachers and community awareness are essential components to an integrated education programme. 5. Provide assistance to the needy disabled persons in procuring durable, sophisticated and scientifically manufactured standard aids and appliances that can promote rehabilitation. Ensuring provisions of necessary aids to children with disability as a way to make them self sufficient, improving their quality of life and supporting their education. 6. Promote independence, facilitate guardianship and concerns of persons with special needs who do not have their family support. Implementing National Programme for the Rehabilitation of the Disabled (NPRD) in all the districts and establishing rural centers for Community Awareness for Rehabilitation Services (CARS) with the financial assistance of Government of India as a way to reach children with disability in rural areas. Ensuring implementation of the Persons with Disability Act (1995) with an emphasis on prevention, early detection, rehabilitation and education. Addressing the special needs of the girl child suffering from disability and ensuring their rehabilitation and education.

To provide care, protection and security to all children with disability (physical, mental). To provide enabling facilities to all disabled children by ensuring special treatment, education and rehabilitation to them. To protect children from disability through preventive measures. 4.3 OBJECTIVES Reduce child injuries due to accidents or other causes through the development and implementation of appropriate preventive measures Ensure effective access by children with disabilities and children with special needs to integrated services, including rehabilitation and health care, and promote family-based care and appropriate support systems for parents, families, legal guardians and caregivers of these children Provide special care to children suffering from mental illnesses or psychological disorders Provide facilities to disabled children as well as special treatment, education and rehabilitation of children suffering from all types of disabilities (National Policy for Children). To implement Persons with Disability (Equal opportunity, Protection of Rights and full Participation) Act, 1995 in true spirit 4.4 STRATEGIES & ACTIVITIES 1. Ensure early detection of disability. Activities Use the universalisation of ICDS for early detection of disability among the young children Train all ICDS supervisors in detection and ensuring that all young children in their area are covered once every quarter for detection of disability. Create linkages between the ICDS supervisors/ CDPOs and the referral institutions. Train all health functionaries and the Anganwadi workers in management of disabilities and the families/ mothers are made aware of ways to prevent and manage disabilities at the community level.

3. 4.

Activities

Activities -

7.

8.

9.

40 MILE STONE - CHILD AND ENVIRONMENT

Present situation Increase Barrier free environment Increase issue of Disability certificate Improve coverage of vocational training of PWDs

2008

2010

2012

2015

MANAGEMENT INDICATORS 1. Number of schools adopting environmental curriculum 2. Number of environment clubs in schools 3. Activities of the schools 4. Number of awareness generation programmes in the community 5. Level of water, air pollution 6. Time given for play and leisure in schools IMPLEMENTING AGENCIES "!Department of Urban Development "!Pollution Control Board " Schools

41 5 CHILD AND ENVIRONMENT 5.1 GOAL To conserve and protect the natural surroundings and environment for the well being of the children Conservation and safe usage of natural resources such as water, land and forest To create an environment for the play, recreation and leisure of children 5.2 OBJECTIVES To ensure a safe and healthy environment for all children To ensure access to safe drinking water and environment sanitation for all children. To ensure access to all physical and social services To protect children from the negative impact of environmental degradation To ensure that damaged eco systems are protected and/or restored for the benefit of the children To ensure that children are given the knowledge, awareness and motivation to preserve the eco system To reduce and eliminate all polluting agents. To protect and safeguard the children from all polluting elements To ensure creation of an environment whereby children can play, have time and space for recreation and leisure 5.3 STRATEGIES AND ACTIVITIES 1. Prevent unsustainable patters of production and consumption including exploitation and depletion of natural resources for commercial purposes that undermine local livelihoods. 2. Ensure eradication of water borne, vector borne and water related diseases and those caused by congestion and contamination of the living surroundings through affordable and accessible means. 3. Enact laws, policies, and programmes to prevent the exposure of children to harmful environmental contaminants in air, water, soil and food. 4. Create community processes for local management and utilization of natural resources, to promote and protect children's health and well being, and encourage children's informed involvement in such processes. 5. Ensure reforestation and tree-planting, to meet fuel, fodder and green cover needs; provide children a constructive role in developing tree nurseries and involve children in promoting social forestry. 6. Promote community knowledge to prevent damage from toxic and other wastes and contaminants that poison the environment. 7. Take steps to improve standards and provision of urban housing and shelter, sanitation and waste disposal, to improve and protect the health and hygiene of children and families. 8. Ensure municipal and/or local government action to meet child-safe norms in sanitation, drainage, garbage collection and public health services. 9. Create space and institutions in the neighbourhood where children can play, do drawing, learn music, paint. 10. Awareness should be created among children regarding importance of protection of the environment.

42 MILE STONE - ELEMENTARY EDUCATION Universalise Primary School Enrollment of Girls Reduce Primary Level Drop-out of Girls Pupil School Ratio Drop-out Rates Primary Schools in 2006-07 Boys Girls Alternate formal centers Disabilities No. of Children with Disabilities identified No. of Children mainstreamed Primary Schools having safe drinking water Primary Schools having Toilet facilities Present situation 2008 2138237 2010 2012 2015

10.72 94.28 10.53 10.34 10.72 4373 103276 89035 81% 37.27%

MANAGEMENT INDICATORS 1. Pupil School ratio. 2. Net enrolment rates 3. Drop-outs rates among girls and boys, SC and ST students and in, rural and urban areas. 4. Attendance rate especially among girls, SC / ST students and in rural areas. 5. Number and percentage of children completing class IV and V within five years( boys and girls) 6. Learning levels compared to the baseline as assessed through regular evaluation. 7. Number and percentage of teachers given in- servicing training. 8. Percentage of pre-school teachers trained on ECCE. 9. Number of alternate formal centres run to cover all children (boys and girls, SC,ST, rural and urban ). 10. Identification and mainstreaming of children suffering from disabilities. 11. Number of children covered through innovative educational programmes and the number of children completing primary education through these programmes . 12. Percentage of primary schools having safe drinking water and toilet facilities. 13. Adequate teaching and learning materials in the class rooms. 14. Number of upper primary and pre-primary schools. 15. Percentage of children completing standard VIII. 16. Number of VECs involved in school planning and monitoring. 17. Number of schools with pupil to teacher ratio of 40:1. IMPLEMENTING AGENCIES "!Dept of School and mass education "!Dept of SC and ST Development " DIET " SCERT "! PR Institutions

43 6. ELEMENTARY EDUCATION 6.1 PRESENT SITUATION Demography There are 2.5 million children in the age group of 3 - 5 years The population of children in the age group of 6 - 14 years is 6.7 million. (CTS-2006) Access During 2006-07, 47329 primary schools were functioning in the State with 44.85 lakh enrolment. (DISE 2006-07) 94.76% of school going children have access to a primary school in a walking distance of 1 km. (DISE 2006-07) 13813 habitations are not served by primary schools within 1 km distance ( DPO). There is one Primary school for every 3.4 sq km area while the national guidelines stipulated to have one within one km of a habitation having a population of 300. Infrastructure 4.3% of the classrooms are without black boards. ( DISE-2006-07) 42% of schools have separate toilets for boys/ common toilets and 27% of Schools for Girls Toilet (DISE -2006-07) 81% of the schools have provision for drinking water. (DISE- 2006-07). Teachers There are 20,673 no. of posts vacant in the primary schools while 5.7% of the schools have single teacher. (DISE - 2006-07) The teacher pupil ratio during 2006 - 07 in the elementary education was 1: 37. ( DISE2006-07 ) To achieve the goal of Unversalisation of Elementary Education, Government has engaged 49875 para teachers called Swechhasevi Sikhya Sahayak (SSS). (DEE) Enrollment The Enrollment in Govt. Schools in Primary Level is 94.76% as on 2006-07 with Girls Enrollment being 47.90%. (DISE-2006-07) The Gross Enrollment Rate is 90.98 in the Primary level in 2005 while the Net Enrollment Rate is 82.06. (CTS-2006) The Girls Enrollment is 47.83% in the Primary Level while it is 47.37% in the Primary and Upper Primary level. The SC(47.64%) & ST (46.43%) Girls Enrollment do not have much variation. (CTS-2006) About 4570203 of children in the age group 6 - 11 years are currently attending school. ( CTS-2006) In Primary classes ( I to V ) the gross attendance ratio varies from 83.27 in first quarter to 85.78 in the third quarter showing an improvement of 2.51. The analysis for attendance further reveals a gender gap with attendance rate of 88.14 for boys and 83.42 for girls.( Pedagogy Unit) Drop out The total drop out rate in primary schools in 2006 - 07 was 10.53% with that of the boys and girls being 10.34 and 10.72 respectively. (CTS-2006) The drop out rate in the Upper Primary level is 18.05% as per 2006-07 data. The Dropout rate of Girls is higher at 18.47% against the Boys which is 17.63%. (CTS-2006) The drop out rate of the girls in the elementary level ( Class 1- 7 ) is 14.6% as compared to the all India ratio of 68.01%. (CTS-2006) CTS-2006 reveals that 49.93 % of the children dropped out from the schools due to lack of interest in studies, in ability to cope with failures and financial constraints. Among the girls, the important factors as poverty. Economic deprivation. Perceived low benefits of education. (CTS-2006)

44 Out of school There are 5.37 lakh out of school children in the age group of 6 - 14 years out of which 48.64% are girls. There is inter district variation with the lowest in Kendrapara District 1.77% & Jajpur District 2.53% and highest in Koraput is 20.69%. (CTS - 2006) It is estimated that 4.5% of the child population in 6 - 14 years are working as child labour. i.e. 1.0 to 1.2 lakhs ( CTS - 2006) Incentive for Girls Education for girls from primary to post graduate level is free. Educational Institutions, exclusively for girls in low literacy tribal areas, called Kanyashram have been established. Current Special programmes Several schemes have been launched to meet the needs of the educationally disadvantaged children and for strengthening the social infrastructure for education namely - Operation Black Board (OBB), District Primary Education Programme ( DPEP ), Mid day meal ( MDM), Education Guarantee Scheme (EGS ). The Sarva Sikhsha Abhijan ( SSA ) has been launched since 2001 - 2002. OB aims that every primary school has a minimum quota of facilities and aids such as 2 large rooms, 2 teachers ( one woman ) and essential teaching and learning materials. By the end of 2004-05, 734 new primary schools, 5641 EGS Centres and 200 AIE centers under DPEP-I programme and 844 new primary schools, 5631 EGS centres and 128 AIE centres in DPEP - II programme were opened. DPEP and SSA now covers all the districts of the State which aims at the universalisation of primary education in terms of providing access to all school age children, enrolment, reducing disparities among girls and other socially disadvantaged community and development of infrastructure. NPEGEL is operating in 165 blocks of 27 districts in the State. This programme aims at providing additional components for progress of girls' education in educationally backward Blocks and SC/ST Blocks. A total of 49 Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV) in 49 educationally backward Blocks in 20 districts of Orissa have been approved.

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45 6.2 GOALS Achieve Universal Elementary Education for all children by 2010 through universal access, enrollment, retention, achievement and reduce all social and gender disparities. Introduce the syllabus for life skill education from class 1 to 12 for the development of personality. (OPEPA) 6.3 OBJECTIVES cycle by 2007. In upper primary it should be reduced to less than 5 per cent by 2007; and at elementary education level by 2010 (Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan) Special interventions and strategies to include girls, SC/ST children, working children, children with special needs, urban deprived children, children from minority groups, children below poverty line, migrating children and children in difficult-to-reach groups. (vi) Curriculum Ensure that NCERT prepares sylabus for life skill education for class 1 to 12 and for preparation of syllabus for environmental education. Holistic revision of curriculum and textbooks be made in the perspective of NCF, 2005. 6.4 STRATEGIES & ACTIVITIES 1. Ensure universal access to Elementary schooling Activities a. A detailed school mapping exercise to be undertaken so that micro planning can be done for each village/ habitation. b. Give priority to school less habitations for opening SSK centres. c. Extend basic education infrastructure and facilities: This includes construction of new school buildings in poorly served areas, provision of additional class-rooms, and conversion of kuchha buildings into partially or fully pucca buildings. d. Improve coverage under drinking water and sanitation: Under the Swajaldhara national scheme and the Total Sanitation Campaign all schools and SSKs having building on public land are proposed to be covered with drinking water and toilet facilities. 2. Ensure Universal enrolment Activities a. Village to maintain a Village Education Register containing details of educational status of each child in the age group of 4 years and above.

(i) Universal Access All Children (age groups 6-11 and 11-14) to have access to Primary schools by 2007, Upper Primary Schools or their alternatives by 2010 within walking distance of one kilometer and three kilometers respectively. Upper primary education facilities to be extended as per the need, particularly for disadvantaged sections. One upper primary schools for every two primary schools to be established. All schools to have buildings, toilets, drinking water, electrification, playground, blackboards and other basic facilities. (ii) Universal Enrollment Enrollment of all children in schools or other alternative learning centre All children complete five years of primary schooling All children complete eight years of elementary schooling by 2010 (Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan) (iii) Universal Retention Universal retention of all children by 2010 Dropout rate to be reduced to less than 10 per cent for grades VI-VIII by 2007 (iv) Universal Achievement Improve all aspects of quality of education (content and process) to ensure reasonable learning outcomes at elementary level, especially in literacy, numeracy and in life skills. (v) Equity Bridge all gender and social gaps in enrollment, retention and learning achievement in primary

46 b. Enrollment drives, house to house visit to be conducted in the village level by the PRI members and Village Education Committees. c. Ensure enumeration of all children out of school. d. Ensure success of School Chalo Abhiyan: this is sought to be done through an enrolment campaign, special enrolment drive for drop outs by selected VECs, providing bridge course to drop out children and out of school children and formation of Mother Teacher Association and extensive use of media for campaign. e. Effective dovetailing with Anganwadi Centres f. Facilitate lateral entry for out of school children in Class III, V and VII. g. Innovative learning modules, need based and locally relevant materials to be developed. 3. Ensure Universal retention. Activities a. Strengthen Mid Day Meal scheme in coverage and quality. b. Provision of free text-books. c. Free dress to girl children from disadvantaged classes. d. Provision of scholarships e. School computerisation programme. f. Improving supervision at the circle level with a focus on monitoring of retention of children from SC / ST / Minority communities and of girl children. g. Improving quality of teaching and learning. h. Provision of bridge courses to children who had to discontinue their study. i. Involvement of VECs, Mother's committee, PRI representatives and other sections of civil society in ensuring that no child is left out without elementary education. j. Promote innovative programmes that encourage schools and communities to accommodate children who have dropped out or are excluded from school and from learning, especially girls and working children, children with special III. Co curricular and extra curricular activities a. Provide accessible recreational and sports opportunities and facilities at schools and in communities. b. Harness the rapidly evolving information and communication technologies to support education at an affordable cost, including open and distance education, while reducing inequality in access and quality. c. Improve the quality of education through various interventions and to stress upon the relevance needs/disabilities, and help them enroll, attend, and successfully complete their education. 4. Improve quality of education I. Content and Curriculum a. Renewal of curriculum, textbooks and teaching learning material to make them relevant, interesting and child friendly (Working Group Report on Education) b. Increased focus on specification and measurement of learner achievement levels (Working Group Report on Education). c. Improving quality of teaching, learning processes and classroom interactions (Working Group Report on Education). d. Develop low cost, no cost teaching and learning material. II. Capacity building of teachers a. Enhance the status, morale, training and professionalism of teachers including early childhood educators, ensuring appropriate remuneration for their work and opportunities and incentives for their development. b. Develop responsive, participatory and accountable systems of educational governance and management at the school, community and national levels. c. Capacity building of teachers, teacher development and teacher empowerment (Working Group Report on Education).

47 and quality of girls' education for their empowerment (National Programme for Education of Girls at the elementary level). d. Integration of Sports and Physical Education with the Educational Curriculum, making it a compulsory subject of learning up to the Secondary School level and incorporating the same in the evaluation system of the student (National Sports Policy 2001) 5. Strengthen Disparity Reduction Interventions Activities a. Support initiatives for deprived urban children that include appropriate academic packages (coaching) ensuring their mainstreaming into the formal system. b. Facilitate networking amongst NGOs and panchayats for over-aged children in primary school to be mainstreamed into the appropriate class. c. Promote Integrated Education for the Disabled Children through identification of schools for integrated education, training of teachers and providing barrier free environment for disabled children. d. Develop and promote distant and Open Learning Systems as an alternative to the formal system. 6. Strengthen Education Analysis and Research Activities a. Strengthen effective academic monitoring and development of school improvement plans (SIP). b. Support studies to review the management, supervision and monitoring systems and incentives for evidence based institutional reforms and policy initiatives. c. Initiate community based habitation level planning interventions for UEE in select areas to provide critical inputs in the planning exercise of SSA. d. Take up critical analysis of the data already available and collected under DISE ( DPEP ). 7. Strengthen the Monitoring Activities Activities For strengthening the monitoring activities, a monthly reporting system from VEC/WEC is required. 8. Involvement of Voluntary agencies Activities a. Voluntary agencies to design and conduct bridge courses for drop out and out of school children. b. Facilities for Vocational training and skill acquisition to children weaned away from child labour. c. Collection of up-todate data for migrant children & children from migrant communities. 9. Curriculum Activities a. Development of syllabus on environment education, customs, tradition and cultural heritage. b. Development of syllabus life skill education , decision and problem solving ability to develop creativity and inner potentials to face the challenge of life. c. Content, theme related to acquisition of life skills to be included in the textbook.

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48

CHILD PROTECTION
Ensure child protection in emergency situations and conflict with law & from sexual exploitation, labour and AIDS

* * * * * *

Children in emergency situation. Children in conflict with law and juvenile justice Sexual exploitation, trafficking & pronography Combating child labour HIV/AIDS affected Children in difficult situation

49 MILE STONE - CHILDREN IN EMERGENCY SITUATION

Present situation Increase Barrier free environment Increase issue of Disability certificate Improve coverage of vocational training of PWDs

2008

2010

2012

2015

MANAGEMENT INDICATORS 1. Enhancement in community's capacity to deal with emergency situations promptly (*This can be monitored by observing the number of grain banks, community boats, machans etc. that are built or other such measures taken at the community level.) 2. Capacity of the community to deal with the emergency situation with the minimal support of external agencies. 3. Supplies of essentials like food, drinking water and medical kits during the emergency situation. (* this can be monitored by observing the inflation of rates of essential commodities during this period). 4. law and order situation during the emergency period and capacity of the administration to control it in case of any unruly situation. 5. Observing if CBDP is discussed while preparing the village level plan at the during Panchayat meetings. 6. Involvement of WSHGs in reconstructing the economy of the local area in the post emergency situation. (* this can be monitored by observing the number and the involvement of WSHGs and credit and savings thrift societies in the local area). IMPLEMENTING AGENCIES
"!Dept of Health and Family welfare "!Dept of Women and Child development " NGOs

50 1 1.1 CHILDREN IN EMERGENCY SITUATION SITUATION IN THE RECENT PAST Nearly 10,000 people lost their lives and a large number of children were orphaned in the super cyclone in Oct 1999

Nearly 1000 persons died due to heat stroke in the months of May and June of 1998.

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51 1.2 GOALS Protecting and providing basic services through preventive and rehabilitative measures for children in emergency situations (caused either by natural calamities or by riots, communal violence. conflicts) so that children do not miss out on opportunities that may help their physical and psycho- social growth. 1.3 OBJECTIVES Enhancing capacities of the community and preparing them before hand so that they are more capable of facing the re-current emergency situations. Ensuring the provision of basic services (that includes supply of drinking water, sanitation facilities and basic food and medical supplies) so that the children are not marginalized at the time of emergencies. Ensuring availability of affordable health care facilities during the period of emergency. Opportunities for continuing with the learning process through an informal education system when emergency closes down schools. 1.4 STRATEGIES AND ACTIVITIES 1. Pre-positioning of essential supplies related to education, health, nutrition, water, sanitation, rescue and communication at state, district and local levels. Activities Implementation of Community Based Disaster Preparedness (CBDP) programme with an objective to enhance the capacity of the community; to empower the community in participating in decision making processes. 2. Extend support to CBDP programmes implemented by the NGOs that will encompass capacity building; community mobilization, organization, participation and monitoring, social mobilization campaigns. 3. Establishing a networking amongst Inter Agency Groups ( IAG ) and their partners so as to avoid duplication of any activity; strengthening capacity at Administrative Training Unit and IAG and partner agencies. 4. Strengthening and establishing women's SHGs / thrift and credit societies in the local area. 5. Networking with Panchyati Raj Institutions to prioritize the issue of disaster preparedness in the village level planning process and lobby to allocate enough budget to carry out the CBDP activities appropriately. 6. Involving the children in meaningful initiatives in emergency hit regions/ villages. utilise the schools as a basis of network

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52 MILE STONE - CHILDREN IN CONFLICT WITH LAW & JUVENILE JUSTICE

Present situation 1. Release all children in jail 2. Disposal of cases through JJBS 3. Main streaming of the Juveniles 4. Imparting vocational training 5. Create an atmosphere Where the number of Juvenile in conflict with law will be minimised

2008

2010

2012

2015

100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

MANAGEMENT INDICATORS 1. Better Physical environment and increase in the number of Homes for juvenile in conflict with law. 2. Number of children rehabilitated with their own families or in any other family environment. IMPLEMENTING DEPARTMENTS
"!Dept of Women & child Development "!Dept of Law " Dept of Home

53 exclusively meant for girls. 2. 2.1 CHILDREN IN CONFLICT WITH LAW & JUVENILE JUSTICE PRESENT SITUATION The Juvenile Justice (Care & Protection of Children) Act, 2000; a Central Act has come into force on 01.04.2001, dealing with the matters relating to juveniles in conflict with law and children in need of care and protection. A clear distinction has been made in the new law between the juvenile offender and the neglected child. The other salient features are - a. it prescribes a uniform age of 18 years below which both boys and girls are to be treated as children, b. the Act directs that the cases related to juveniles should be completed within a period of 4 months, c. it has been made compulsory to set up a Juvenile Justice Board and Child Welfare Committee either for a district or for a group of districts, d. special emphasis has been given for rehabilitation and social re integration of the child and the alternatives provided for this are adoption, foster care, sponsorship and after care. JJ Boards are to be constituted while the Child Welfare Committees have been constituted in 11 districts. The government efforts are supplemented by the NGO initiative which has given rise to the close involvement of several NGOs in the government Homes in areas of counseling, vocational training, non-formal education and even in establishing Legal Cell to expedite the legal

A Programme for Juvenile Jusitce, a Centrally Sponsored Plan Scheme is being implemented in the State w.e.f. 30.12.2000. Juvenile Justice Rules 2002 has been framed. JJ Board and Child Welfare Committee (CWC) in each district are to be constituted. 28 JJ Boards and 30 Child Welfare Committes in respect of all the 30 districts have been constituted. There are 15 Observation Homes including 3 by State Govt (1 for juvenile girls at Berhampur) for temporary housing of the juveniles. The numbers of inmates in these Homes are 110 - 120 each year. The Govt run Observation Homes also maintain the juveniles in conflict with law and maintain the juveniles in need of care and protection. The Govt. has certified 12 child-care institutions as 'Childrens' Home for reception of child in need of care and protection during the pendency of enquiry. Out of 12, two are

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54 procedures. 2.2 GOALS To prevent children from getting into conflict with law. Ensure appropriate implementation of the Care and protection Act 2000 (Juvenile Justice Act) in the state. Ensure mainstreaming of juveniles. 2.3 OBJECTIVES 2.4 STRATEGIES 1. Enabling the society to identify issues that leads to juvenile crimes rather than treating the juveniles as criminals. 2. Rehabilitating and integrating the children in the mainstream society by taking correctional measures in the remand homes. 3. Sensitizing legal professionals, police and other officials on children's issues so that they are more sensitive while handling them. 4. Building partnerships with civil society bodies so that more attention could be given to individual children 5. Evaluation and monitoring of the juvenile homes

Ensure that no child is tried judicially along with the adults. Generating awareness to modify the de jure provision of death penalty for children less than 18 years. Making provisions so that the children are detained in proper homes with adequate supplies of basic services; further ensuring that they should not be detained with the adults.

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55 MILE STONE - SEXUAL EXPLOITATION, TRAFFICKING & PORNOGRAPHY

Present situation 1. Sensitization of stake holders including NGOs, developing partnership 2. Community participation 3. Dissemination of information relating to Sexual Exploitation, Trafficking & Pornography among the public and awareness generation. 4. Reduction of trafficking of children and women

2008

2010

2012

2015

100%

100% 100%

50%

80%

MANAGEMENT INDICATORS 1. Number of minors rescued and rehabilitated back either with their families or in other appropriate environment. 2. Number of children living in red light areas or children of sex workers enrolled in formal schools. 3. Increase in the enrolment of girl child of sex workers in the formal schools. 4. Monitoring patterns of seasonal migration of children to specific destinations. 5. Number of sex workers accessing government schemes like "Swadhar" for their economic rehabilitation. 6. Number of programmes implemented to sensitise the police personnels and public administrators 7. Sensitivity of the police in handling rescue cases. This can be monitored by observing the way children are handled during the raids. 8. Sensitivity of the society towards children of sex workers. This can be monitored by observing how media (print and electronic, popular cinema) depicts sex workers and their children. 9. Quality and number of awareness programmes about HIV /AIDS conducted for the sex workers.

IMPLEMENTING AGENCIES
"!Dept of Women & Child Development "!!Dept of Health and Family Welfare " Dept of Home

56 3 3.1 SEXUAL EXPLOITATION, TRAFFICKING & PORNOGRAPHY PRESENT SITUATION (NCRB, 1999). Children trafficked to work as bonded labour or domestic workers are vulnerable to sexual abuse too. Child line - A toll free phone service for children in distress which can be accessed by a child in difficulty or an adult on his / her behalf by dialing 1098 has been instituted. Trafficking Trafficking is a serious issue, prevalent in low literacy areas that lack employment opportunities and often go unreported. A study reveals that there are as many as 559 cases of trafficking. (Trafficking in Orissa, ISED, 2003) Out of these 308 are categorized as direct cases (women who were found, who have been bought and sold beyond any doubt) and the remaining 251 as indirect cases (those who were assumed to be vulnerable to trafficking). Most of the cases have occurred in the coastal districts (highest in Puri district) and more than 46% of the women have been taken outside Orissa to Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal. The destination of more than 82% of the indirect cases is the state of Uttar Pradesh. Within Orissa, the town of Puri is the destination of more than 43% of direct cases alone followed by the state capital. Mostly the young adolescent girls are victims of trafficking under false promise of employment, marriage. Overall the principal cause is poverty. A State plan of action to combat trafficking of women and children is being drafted by the Govt.. A State Advisory Board is being constituted for overall policy matters relating to trafficking. Mahila & Sishu Desk In order to have an integrated approach towards crime against women and children, Mahila & Sishu Desks have been established in 40 police stations of the state in the first phase to reeive all complaints relating to women and children.

At the outset it is important to recognize there is a gap in the data- base and analysis based on disaggregated criteria (such as caste, gender, ethnicity, religion etc.) and linkages among various institutions working towards combating child sex abuse and trafficking. Further, ambiguity in definitions also hinders preparation of data-base. Acknowledging the fact that the cover of child sex abuse is vast, in this section the following type of sexual abuse are covered only: Child sexual abuse Commercial Sexual Exploitation of the Child This section covers only those trafficking that are done for or with the intention of sexual exploitation. Although, most often there is no clear divide between children who are trafficked for labour or sexual abuse (often child labourers are most vulnerable to sexual exploitation too). In this section, these are treated as separate issues to generate first level of information. Child Sexual Abuse is defined as contacts or interactions between a child and an older or more knowledgeable child or adult (a stranger, sibling or person in position of authority, such as a parent or a caretaker) when the child is being used as an object of gratification for the older child's or adult's sexual needs. ( Source: Child protection: A consultancy report for UNICEF country office, 2001). Commercial sexual exploitation of children implies a situation when because of child abuse a third party is benefiting through a profit. (ibid). In the prevailing social condition it is almost impossible to quantify or even gauge the proportion sexual abuse faced by children because of the position of women and children in the society, lack of appropriate measures to recognise child sexual abuse, slack judicial system and lack of sensitized police personnel Child trafficking - Under the Immoral Trafficking Prevention Act, the state has recorded 22 no of cases.

57 3.2 GOALS Create a sensitive environment that does not tolerate any form of sexual abuse and exploitation of the child including pedophilia, trafficking and abduction and also promote conditions where these problems are prevented in the first place. 3.3 OBJECTIVES Coordinate and establish linkages at the national / international levels with initiatives addressing the issue of sexual exploitation and abuse of children including forcing children into pornography, prostitution and pedophilia or sale of their organs. Identify and address larger social issues like social discrimination, deprivation, rituals / customs that lead to sexual exploitation and trafficking of children; raise awareness about illegal nature of these activities and the severity and magnitude of the problem. Ensure appropriate legislative and social interventions to provide safety, protection and security to victims of trafficking and sexual exploitation; provide assistance and services to facilitate their recovery and social mainstreaming. Create public awareness for a campaign against sexual exploitation and trafficking of children through media and in partnership with the tourism industry and private sector, Monitor and share information regionally and internationally on the cross - border trafficking of children and sensitize law enforcement agencies on Child rights through training and advocacy. 3.4 STRATEGIES & ACTIVITIES 1. Intensifying Legal intervention One of the major stumbling block in convicting the culprit in child sex abuse is establishing the crime. Most often the complexity of the legal framework makes it impossible to punish any accused and in the process the child looses out on best of their lifetime. In a recent declaration by the Supreme Court certain NGOs are entrusted with the power to facilitate the judiciary process. Fast track court can expediate the process. 2. Implement programmes economic rehabilitation

Implement SWADHAR programme effectively so that the sex workers be rehabilitated not only socially but also economically. Under this programme assistance is provided to women in difficult circumstances (destitute widows, women prisoners, women survivors of natural disasters, trafficked women/ girls and mentally disordered women) by providing shelter, food, health care, counseling and social and economic rehabilitation. 3. Strengthening partnership with NGOs Recognizing that NGOs will have much more access to and can build rapport with the sex workers Government is to initiate a process to build and strengthen partnership with them. Assistance is to be provided to voluntary organizations for preventing trafficking of women and girls and to provide temporary shelters for the victims, help in their repatriation to home- town, rehabilitation and prosecution of the offender. 4. Creating a credible base line database for the issues pertaining to child sex abuse. Recognizing the sensitivity of the issue it is obvious that no reliable base line data is available that could be used to project the magnitude of the problem. 5. Sensitization of police personals and officers in Mahila & Sishu desk & in public administration. Recently programmes for sensitization of Police personnel are being implemented within the state at regular intervals. The programme sensitizes the police to handle sex workers and their children and trafficked children in a more humane manner.

58 MILE STONE - COMBATING CHILD LABOUR

Present situation 1. Reduction in child labour

2008

2010

2012

2015

100%

MANAGEMENT INDICATORS Incidence of children out of school and its break - up by gender, location and social groups. % of parents who are willing to enroll their girl child in school % of children enrolled in the elementary school (disaggregated information based on gender, ethnicity, religion and so on). Number of children completing elementary education. Number of children working in hazardous and non hazards profession Number of cases registered by the police pertaining to complaints against employing child labour. Differential in the earning capacity of an adult and a child. Social awareness about disapproval of products involving employment of child labour. IMPLEMENTING DEPARTMENTS "!Dept of labour and employment "!Dept of Industries " Dept of School and mass education

59 4 COMBATING CHILD LABOUR 4.1 PRESENT SITUATION There are widely varying perceptions about the concept and the definition of child labour. There is debate that every child out of school represents a potential if not actual child labour. As per the global definition of child labour stipulates if working for some one else or doing household chores for more than 4 hours in a day or doing other family work. As 15% of the children aged 5 - 14 years in the state work as child labour, which is slightly higher than the all India figure. (MICS 2000) 4% of children aged 5 - 14 years are child labourers as they work for some one else, do household chores and also do other family work. There is very little information on girl child labour in the unorganized sector such as household work. In the organized sector the highest prevalence of girl child labour is in the Bidi making industry (68%), followed by Non-ferrous metallurgical industry (64.4%) and 57.1% in jobs requiring them to carry excessive weight of more than 13 Kgs. ( Fact book on Manpower, 2001) Many a times children are engaged as subsidiary workers or as marginal workers where they may be working for lesser hours than the principal workers but they play a significant role in the economic productivity. They are engaged within the family in family trade or entrepreneurship; in such conditions their labour is not perceived as an economic activity and not incorporated in cash transaction. This pattern is very common in rural areas, especially among girl children, where they are engaged in looking after their younger siblings and attending to domestic chores for which they are not paid any wages. The important intervention that has the potential to bring the incidence of child labour down is the drive under the Sarva Sikhya Abhiyan to enrol all out of school children. In more general terms, the State Government needs to effectively implement the National Policy on child labour by focussing on social welfare programmes for the families of working children and promoting universal primary education. Enforcement of uniform minimum wages, removal of existing differentials between the adult and child wages and discouraging employers from engaging children are three important areas of attention for the State. Efforts are made for greater involvement of traders' associations, employers' organizations and NGOs in the implementation of developmental programmes for child labour, to reach the unorganized sector and ensure child protection through specific programmes for prevention, removal, protection and rehabilitation of child labour.

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60 4.2 GOALS To eliminate child labour from hazardous occupation by 2007 and progressively move towards complete elimination of child labour (working group paper on 10th Plan) To protect children from economic exploitation of any kind. To eliminate child labour by 2012. 4.3 OBJECTIVES Take immediate and effective measures to secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour as a matter of urgency. Provide for the rehabilitation and social integration of children removed from the worst forms of child labour by ensuring access to free basic education and, whenever possible and appropriate, vocational training Promote interstate cooperation to assist in addressing child labour and its root causes, inter alia, through social and economic policies aimed at poverty eradication, granting while stressing that labour standards should not be used for protectionist trade purposes Mainstream action relating to child labour into national poverty eradication and development efforts, especially in policies and programmes in the areas of health, education, employment and social protection. National Child labour Policy: Future Action Plan under the Policy includes: 1. Legislative action plan 2. Focusing on general development programmes for benefiting child labour -focus on education, health, nutrition and anti poverty programes coverage. 4.4 STRATEGIES & ACTIVITIES 1. Establish special schools to provide non-formal education, vocational training, supplementary nutrition, stipend, health services etc to children withdrawn from employment. Activitiesa. Run all the schools sanctioned under NCLP to their full capacity. b. Support the SSA drive to enroll all children under primary schools or its alternative forms. c. Create an enabling environment for full primary school enrolment by ensuring full enrolment at pre-school stage. d. Form an inter departmental linkage to ensure that all working children are in school. e. Bridge course through special schools. 2. Intensify the data- base on child labour and support research. Activities a. Promote analysis of the Census 2001 data and supplement it with the analysis of the NSSO data. b. Provide linkages to this analysis through the birth registration data and the SSA data. 3. Effectively enforce child-labour laws Activities a. Train labour officials b. Awareness campaigns c. Establish a Task Force to monitor the implementation of child labour prohibition laws d. Build public awareness to disapprove use of child labour in production processes. e. Educate the parents of the/ guardians of child workers and provide them with alternatives 4. Provide financial assistance to voluntary organizations for taking up welfare projects to rehabilitate working children. 5. Setting stringent planning, monitoring and tracking systems to monitor progressive reduction of child labour in all occupations and increased enrolment and retention in schools.

61 MILE STONE - HIV / AIDS AFFECTED Present 1. % of Pregnant women counselled and tested for HIV 49% 2008 2010 2012 100% 2015

MANAGEMENT INDICATORS Level of ante- natal registration and identification of HIV / AIDS affected cases. Number of AIDS cases reported % AIDS patients able to get rehabilitated. % of AIDS patients able to access health care facilities without any discrimination and denial. Access by children of AIDS affected persons to educational opportunities without any fear and discrimination. Drug abuse (among adolescents exchanging syringes) Risks faced by the street children Number of senior schools and colleges where AIDS orientation sessions were held. % of hospitals with blood safety procedures in use. Knowledge, attitude and practice changes in youth, health workers and women's group. IMPLEMENTING AGENCIES "!Dept of Health and family welfare "!State AIDS cell " Dept of Higher Education " Dept of Transport "!Dept of Housing and Urban development "!Dept of Sports and Youth affairs

62 5 HIV/ AIDS AFFECTED 5.1 PRESENT SITUATION In the year 2000, 380 cases of HIV positive were detected. Incidence per 1 lakh works out to 1. ( Orissa Vision 2010) Orissa falls in the low level epidemic region. 62.1% of women have heard of AIDS ( NFHS - 3 ) Elisa readers are available in 13 out of 52 blood banks under the Indian Red Cross Society for testing of the HIV cases.

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63 5.2 GOALS Achieve zero level growth of HIV/ AIDS and sexually transmitted infection by 2010. 5.3 OBJECTIVES Forge partnerships among national / state level governments and non-governmental bodies, corporate sectors, academic institutions and other such public- spirited organizations to address the issue of HIV/AIDS in a more concerted manner. Create an enabling socio-economic environment for prevention of HIV/AIDS, to provide care and support to people living with HIV/AIDS and their care givers, ensuring protection / promotion of their human rights including right to access health care systems, education, employment and privacy. Enhance programme management capabilities of the officials and concerned professionals working at the state government, municipal corporations, panchayat institutions and NGOs exclusively focussed on the issue of HIV/AIDS. Implement measures to increase capacities of women and adolescents girls to protect themselves from risk of HIV infection, principally through the provision of health care and services that includes education on sexual and reproductive health. Reduce the risk of mother to child transmission. Encourage institutional deliveries and ante natal check ups so that the mother to child transmissions are detected and reported. By 2010 ensure that at least 95 percent of young men and women aged 15 to 24 have access to the information, education including peer education and youth specific HIV infection, in full partnership with youth, parents families educators and health -care providers. Ensure supply of adequate and safe blood and blood products to all through health institutions by promoting voluntary blood donation. Ensure horizontal networking at the Implementation level with other programmes like Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) programme, TB Control, Integrated Child Development schemes and with primary health care system. 5.4 STRATEGIES & ACTIVITIES 1. Ensure easy accessibility, availability of safe blood and blood products for all. Activities Encouraging voluntary blood donation through blood donation camps. Extend safe blood banking services to all civil hospitals at district level. Carry out mandatory blood sample screening before transfusions 2. Promote measures to reduce STD and RTI cases and control HIV transmission by minimizing the risk factor Activities Effective implementation of the RCH programme. Set up surveillance centres in each civil hospital at district level 3. Raise awareness, improve knowledge and understanding among general population about AIDS infection and STD, routes of transmission and methods of prevention. Activities Promote access to information about desirable practices such as avoiding multi-partner sex, condom use, sterilization of needles / syringes and voluntary donation of blood

64 Mobilize all sectors to integrate messages and programs on AIDS into their existing activities so as to maximise the avenues of access to information. Carry out AIDS education programme amongst senior school and college students. Identify AIDS prone regions/ areas and conduct targeted programmes Promote condom usage by providing condoms at strategic locations on payment through vending machines 4. Train health workers in AIDS communication and coping strategies especially in the context of adolescents 5. Create supportive environments for the care and rehabilitation of children affected with HIV/ AIDS or orphaned due to parents dying from AIDS. Activities Involve the NGOs Educate the community

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65 MILE STONE - CHILDREN IN DIFFICULT SITUATIONS

Present situation 1. increase in adoption 2. Recognition of more child care institution involved in adoption 3. Community based rehabilitation programme 4. Rescue and rehabilitation of children in difficult circumstances 5. Sponsorship Programme 6. Non institution care

2008

2010

2012

2015

100% 100%

100%

50% 80%

MANAGEMENT INDICATORS Number of different levels of functionaries and media personnel trained on Child rights and problems issues. Training packages developed for teachers and Panchayat members on Child Rights. Information Education and communication (IEC) materials produced and distributed. Number of NGOs involved / supported in communication training for field functionaries. Coverage on children's issues in the print and electronic media. Review of activities with the child as the focus. Review of child related laws. % of population groups aware of children's rights, determined by surveys. Number of children, affected by conflict, enrolled and attending in primary school. Number of girl children completing primary school. Partnerships forged between government professional agencies, international agencies and human rights based organizations.

IMPLEMENTING AGENCIES "!Dept of Information & PR "!Dept of Panchayati Raj "! Dept of Rural Development " Academic institutions " CBOs, NGOs " Media

66 6 CHILDREN IN DIFFICULT SITUATIONS Street children Run away children Orphans Adoption/ Foster care Children in prison 6.1 PRESENT SITUATION There are 85 balashrams (orphanages) in 28 districts (except Deogarh and Malkangiri) with intake capacity of 5603 inmates. During 2003-04 and 2004-05, 5301 inmates including 1860 girls were bring maintained in these orphanages. The maintenance grant per inmate per month is Rs. 500/- in the orphanages. The OSCCW is implementing the scheme "Care and Protection of Street Children" since 199091 through NGOs to provide integrated community based non-institutional basic services for the development of street children. A programme for street children to protect them from destitution is being implemented by a NGO which has 6 centres covering 300 children. Childline is a 24 hour toll free phone service children in distress which can be accessed by a child in difficulty situations. Five cities in OrissaPuri, Bhubaneswar and Cuttack, Berhampur, Rourkela - have the Childline Services being run through NGOs. There has been an initiative to provide Tutors for the inmates of Orphanages. For the welfare of children below 5 years who are residing with their mothers inside the jails etc. financial assistance is being provided for the child through the nearby Orphanages. In order to bring the all the orphanages of the state to the control of Government as per provisions of the Orphanages and Charitable Homes (Supervision and Control) Rules, 2002 a "Board of Control" has been constituted in the state. (Source : DWCD, GoO, 2005) 6.2 GOAL Making the life of children in difficult situation one that is of dignity and congenial development. 6.3 OBJECTIVE Achieving and implementing the goals and objectives of CRC and NPAC. Provide protection, care and an enabling environment for children in difficult situation for their survival, growth and development. Ensure adequate financial and managerial allocations for the running of the institutions meant for children in difficult situation. Provide sustainable rehabilitation and livelihood options. 6.4 STRATEGIES1. Convergent community action for the protection and rehabilitation. 2. Promote rights of the disadvantaged children. 3. Backward and forward integration of the children into the community. 4. Wide publicity and coverage of best practices. 5. Inter-linkages with NGOs, CBOs for rescue, rehabilitation and protection of children in difficult situation.

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67

CHILD RIGHTS & COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

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68 MILE STONE - CHILD RIGHTS & COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

Present situation Increase Barrier 1. % of live birth free environment registration Increase issue 2. of children issued of% Disability certificate birth certificate 84%

2008

2010

2012

2015

90%

95%

100%

25%

40%

60%

80%

100%

MANAGEMENT INDICATORS CRC structure is followed in periodical updates and a status report is developed every year as a monitoring tool. Public information campaigns are launched keeping in view to uniform and educate the community and other major stakeholders.

69 1.1 PRESENT SITUATION of this Convention and the responsibilities of various agencies including the state, local bodies and other institutions. This makes it difficult for regular monitoring and reporting on progress in fulfilment of the CRC. The civil society organizations are also taking a lead role in implementing and monitoring the MDGs. Most of these organizations and institutions compile data from time to time.

Under the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and Convention of Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) the state is determined to ensure the Rights of women and children. However, awareness on the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) is not widespread. Officials and elected representatives are not fully aware

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70 1.2 GOAL Capacity enhancement of the community through dissemination of information. 1.4 STRATEGIES An overall strategy will be adopted to change attitudes at different levels on the rights of children and women and establish the concept of caring communities by improving the policy making environment. 1. Wide dissemination of information to different groups of adults and children on CRC, CEDAW and MDGs and the vision spelt out in World Fit for children. 2. Encourage public debate on existing practice and laws, incorporating revisions. 3. Work out a convergent Community Action and work towards changing people's attitudes towards gender and including girl child issues into policy, public agenda and programme designs. 4. Promote decentralized management. community

Making Child's rights as a cross cutting theme in the overall planning process; ensuring community participation at every stage from design, formulation and implementation of policy decisions. 1.3 OBJECTIVES Advocacy at all levels in the government and non-government sectors regarding the rights and issues pertaining to the child. Harness community participation for implementation of programmes for child development, prevention of child abuse / exploitation etc. Achieving public commitment to respect, protect and fulfill the rights of children by forming partnerships with Human Rights Groups, NGOs, civic bodies, elected representatives at various levels, and people's groups. Mobilization of media to promote issues pertaining to Child Rights and expose flagrant denials of these rights. Incorporating Child Rights goals into state laws, policies, plans and budgets. Instilling and activating the recognition and articulation of Child Rights by all service providers through the communication systems and training components of these services.

5. Promote the rights of especially vulnerable children and developing workable strategies for action to realize their rights. 6. Integrate women's rights into the issue of child rights and strengthen partnerships.

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71

RESOURCE MOBILISATION, IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING

72

H: Resource Mobilisation Resource allocation for women and children - The social sector allocation ( Budget Estimate in 2002 - 03 ) is about 25.4% of the State budget. A Gender Budget analysis of the Orissa State budget reveals that a total of 11 departments have Women Specific Programmes. These are 1. Women & Child Development, 2. Industry, 3. Agriculture, 4. SC & ST Development, 5. Health & family Welfare, 6.Higher Education, 7. Science & Technology, 8. Textiles & handloom, 9. Labour & Employment, 10. Cooperation and 11. Forest & Environment. (Gender Budget Analysis, SWS, 2003) Women Specific Programmes (WSP) are being defined for the purpose of the Gender Budget Analysis as those schemes (whether under State Plan, Non Plan, Central Plan or Centrally Sponsored Plan) in which only the women are the beneficiaries and which has an accounting head in the Demand for Grant of the concerned Department. The grand total of all such women specific programmes, spread over the various Departments amounted to Rs 28.19 crores in 2000 - 2001 (BE). The BE of such programmes for the next two years i.e. 2001 - 2002 & 2002 2003 has decreased to Rs 8.98 crores and Rs 11.98 crores respectively. The RE allocation of all the women specific schemes stand at Rs 15.54 crores and Rs 18.55 crores for the years 2000 - 2001 and 2001 - 2002 respectively. The Plan allocation under this category is always more than the Non Plan allocation both for the BE as well as the RE. High Planned allocation of the women specific programmes over Non Plan implies a high scope of budget cuts in the Plan allocation. The BE Total of the WSP of the Department of WCD is 1.66%, 0.95% and 2.05% respectively of the departmental budgets for the years 2000- 01, 0102 and 02- 03. The BE allocation of all the women specific schemes of all departments as a percentage of the social sector allocation and the state budget, stand at 0.26 % and 0.06 % respectively in 2002 - 2003. Resource allocation for women specific schemes are at such an abysmal low level that tangible result on empowerment of women seems a far distant mirage. The disclaimer is that women are also included in the other general schemes of all the departments but experience shows that women beneficiaries in such schemes are always very minimal. Women Specific programmes (Rs in crores) BE 2000 - 2001 2001 - 2002 2002 - 2003 28.19 8.9 11.98 RE 15.54 18.55 13.55 AE 11.07 17.81 -

Source - Gender Budget Initiatives, SWS, 2003 Child budget 10 departments such as School & Mass Education, Women and Child Development, Sports and Youth Services, Works, Commerce, Revenue, Industry, Tourism and Culture and SC, ST and OBC development departments have some component of child related expenditures. About 91% of child budgetary resources are spent on education, about 8% on child development, about 1% on child health and about 0.25% on programmes of children in difficult circumstances. ( Child budget analysis, OLS, 2004 )

73 GOAL The State Plan of Action commits the allocation of the required financial, material, technical and human resources from the State Government to ensure its full implementation. OBJECTIVE To secure required financial, material, technical and human resources to ensure the rights and well being of all children. To mobilize financial, material, technical and human resources from the civil society, private sector and nongovernment organizations and international agencies cooperating with government committed to ensure the rights and well being of all children. Efforts will be made to mobilize new and substantial additional resources for children's programmes, It will also be ensured that social expenditures that benefit children are protected and prioritized in States and Panchayti Raj Institutions and that new ways of generating public and private financial resources are explored. Departments with specific child budgets and plans should ensure 100% spending and should also enhance budget in view of large child population. Where no overt child budget is available, the demarcation should be made of child budget, spending and monitoring. Establish a systematic assessment of the impact of budgetary allocations and macroeconomic policies on the implementation of children's rights. Based on assessment of budgetary expenditure on children, review and enhance financial provisions and allocation. Ensure that priority is given to economic, social and cultural rights of children in budget allocations, with particular emphasis on the enjoyment of these rights by children belonging to the most disadvantaged groups. Ensure that adequate proportion of social expenditure is devoted to children. Ensure that all competent regional and local authorities are guided by the best interests of the child in their budgetary decisions and policy-making. Ensure coordination between economic and social policies. Ensure that disparities between different regions and groups of children are bridged in relation to the provision of social services. Implementation GOAL The primary responsibility for the implementation of this State Plan of Action for Children, 2005, and for ensuring an enabling environment for securing the rights and well-being of children rests with the State and local Governments. OBJECTIVES New partnerships to be established with the community, and with the Non-Government and voluntary organizations and the private sector. State and District Planning to be strengthened to ensure integration of the goals of this Plan of Action into the policies, development programmes, poverty eradication strategies, multisectoral approaches and other development plans. Ensure inter sectoral coordination and convergence of all Departments and programmes affecting children. Ensure co-operation with the community and NonGovernment and voluntary sector working for and with children. Ensure that efforts are made by the Government agencies for creating awareness and multimedia publicity, through mass communication in the print and electronic media, for promoting child rights. Publicity material should also be prepared by all implementing Departments for dissemination of information on child rights. The non-governmental organization and the civil

74 society should also be encouraged for promotion of child rights. Institutional Mechanism The responsibility for implementation of every aspect of the Plan rests with the State that should be executed effectively at the appropriate hierarchial level on the principle of subsidiary. Panchayats can specifically be assigned the following role: (a) Effective service delivery in all aspects-health, education, youth services, ICDS-with a focus on children. (b) Panchayats should best perform at their level, by creating awareness, specifically on the need for eliminating child labour; trafficking of children; violence against children, domestic or public; drug addiction and take measures for giving refuge to street children and combating HIV/ AIDS. (c) Provide space for participation in planning by children taking an example from States where 'Child Panchayats' are operating successfully. (d) Panchayati Raj Institutions can be the mechanism providing a feedback on the effectiveness of interventions through regular periodic reports. Monitoring The State Plan of Action, 2005 shall be monitored by a State level Coordination Committee comprising of representatives of all line departments of Government and, CSO. Periodic and annual reviews will be conducted at the state level in order to more effectively address obstacles and accelerate progress on the goals. The Department of Women and Child Development, which is entrusted with the overall responsibility of the coordination of the implementation of the child rights, shall create suitable mechanisms to ensure this by establishing: (a) State Commission for the Protection of Child Rights (b) Central Nodal Authority for combating trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation (c) Creation of other need based mechanisms for child protection as and when required. A comprehensive system would be developed and operated to collect and analyse disaggregated data on children, based on age, gender, cultural and socioeconomic grouping, and special needs and circumstances. Disaggregated data and analysis would be used to assess progress in achievement of child rights goals. A range of child-focused research will also be supported to gather data and understanding in areas where information on the situation is inadequate. Efforts will be made to strengthen the existing data collection mechanisms so that quality data on various measurable development indicators is generated and used for programme assessment and improvement as well as for monitoring progress in achievement of goals. The SPAC will be linked with the National Plan of Action for Children. Appropriate District Plan of Action for Children would also be developed taking into consideration the local issues. District plans will also be regularly reviewed, so as to enable implementing agencies to focus on chronically backward pockets to bring them at par and to assess the progress towards the goals and targets. Appropriate mechanisms for effective monitoring and evaluation will be set up at the state, district, block and village level for reporting and periodic review of the targets. The Department of Women and Child Development will publish annual reports on the status of implementation of the SPAC and the status of children through the SPAC monitoring sheet. Appropriate steps should be taken to ensure child budgeting.

75

ANNEXURES

76

SEX RATIO
SC & ST sex ratio 979 & 1003 respectively (2001 Census) Rural & Urban sex ratio 986 and 895 respectively. (2001 Census) District variation 7 districts have favourable Sex ratio Gajapati, Rayagada, Kendrapada, Kandhamal, Nuapada, Kalahandi and Ganjam. Highest - Gajapati (1031) Lowest - Khurda (901) Figure 1
Sex Ratio of Orissa
1 0 2 2 1 0 0 1 9 8 8 9 8 1

Child Sex Ratio o Child sex ratio (0 6 years) - 950 in 2001 ( decline of 17 points since 1991) Lowest Child Sex Ratio - Nayagarh district (901) o Rural child sex ratio- 969 in 1991 to 954 in 2001 (Decline of 15 points) Highest in Nabarangpur district (1004) & lowest in Nayagarh (902) o Urban child sex ratio- 949 in 1991 to 927 in 2001 (decline of 22 points) Highest Nabarangapur district (1002)- occupies 11th position amongst all the districts in the country. Ganjam (845) represent the lowest.

9 7 1

9 7 2

1 9 5 1

1 9 6 1

1 9 7 1

1 9 8 1

1 9 9 1

2 0 0 1

Source : Census data of relevant years.

Figure 2
ORISSA
DISTRICTW IS E S EXRATIO - 2001
20 0 20 40 Kilometers
N W E S

Su n de rg arh

Jharsu gud a

M ayurbh anj

De b ag arh Sa m ba lp u r Ba ra g arh

Ken du jh ar Ba le sw ar
District Sex ratio (2001) Gajapati 1031 Rayagada 1029 Kendrapara 1014 Kandham al 1008 Nuapada 1006 Kalahandi 1000 Ganjam 1000 Koraput 998 Malkangiri 996 Nabarangpur 992 Boudh 985 Balangir 983 Debgarh 980 Mayurbhanj 980 Keonjhar 977 Bargarh 976 Bhadrak 973 Jajpur 973 Sam balpur 970 Puri 968 Sonepur 966 Jagatsinghpur 962 Dhenkanal 962 Sundargarh 957 Balasore 949 Jharsuguda 946 Angul 941 Nayagarh 939 Cuttack 938 Khurda 901

Son ep ur Bo u dh Nu a pa da Bo la n gir

Bh a drakh An u gu l Dhe nk an al Ke n drap ara Cu ttac k Na yaga rh Jaga ts ingh p ur Kh u rd a Pu ri Jajp ur

Kan dh am a l Ka la han di Na b arang ap ur Ga n ja m Ra ya ga rha Gajap ati Ko rap ut

M alk ang iri

Sex Ratio Above 1000 975 - 999 950 - 974 926 - 949 901 - 925

Cartography by GEOENVITECH RCS (P) Ltd. for School of W omens Studies, Utkal University

Source : 2001 Census.

77

Figure 3

Maternal Mortality rate

420 410 400 390 380 370 360 350 340 330 Orissa
Source : Economic Survey, 2005-06, Govt. of Orissa.

1997 1998

India

Figure 4 Female literacy rates of Orissa & India

100 90 80 70 (per cent) 60 50 40 30 30 20 10 0 1981 1991 2001 25 39 35 54 51

India Orissa

Source : Census data of relevant years.

78

Figure 5 Percentage of children under 3 years of age classified as under nourished ( below 2 SD )
Weight for age ( under weight ) Total Orissa Total India Scheduled caste Scheduled tribes Other backward classes Other
Source : NFHS - 2

Height for age (stunted ) 44.0 45.5 50.7 49.4 44.2 32.4

Weight for height (wasted ) 24.3 15.5 22.8 30.5 24.6 19.7

54.4 47.0 59.4 59.0 56.3 43.0

79

Figure 6 Immunization coverage, Orissa District Name Sonepur Sambalpur Bargarh Nuapada Mayurbhanj Khurda Rayagada Sundergarh Bhadrak Kandhamal Ganjam Anugul Kendujhar Jajpur Malkangiri Full immu* 64.6 71.7 74.0 48.5 50.0 64.0 56.8 62.0 52.3 58.6 60.4 49.9 36.7 38.8 40.8 Two or more TT injection 79.1 86.6 79.9 68.9 82.3 86.3 78.9 73.3 87.2 75.5 70.8 72.5 67.2 76.9 55.3

BCG 95.9 94.2 93.9 91.9 91.4 90.4 90.1 89.7 87.3 86.9 85.4 84.9 82.6 78.9 78.9

DPT3 80.9 88.2 87.6 77.1 65.9 86.2 67.8 76.7 74.0 71.8 74.2 64.1 60.3 63.8 53.6

OPV3 80.5 85.8 86.8 60.6 61.3 87.7 68.8 79.6 70.8 72.3 71.6 59.9 52.3 66.3 57.9

Measles 76.2 81.0 83.0 71.3 75.2 69.9 72.3 72.0 66.9 75.8 71.5 71.2 58.3 58.8 53.6

Source : RCH II (2001-2002)

*Fully Immunization - (BCG+3 DPT + 3 Polio + Measles)

80

Figure 7 Infant Mortality Rate in Orissa, 2002 (Infant deaths per 1000 live births) District Name Bhadrak Mayurbhanj Sambalpur Sonepur Bargarh Khurda Jajpur Anugul Nuapada Ganjam Sundergarh Kandhamal Kendujhar Rayagada Malkangiri Infant Mortality Rate 51.5 59.2 59.6 59.6 60.1 61.5 63.4 67.2 69.4 73.6 73.9 79.1 84.1 92.6 103.8 Source : RCH-II (2001- 2002)

81 Figure 8

IMR of States, 2005

A DI IN ga l en tB P es U u W ad il Nha n m t Ta jas jab Ra u n P sa is Or h tr a s a ar M P ah la M ra Ke t aka a rn n d Ka kha r K a Jh J & a n a ry t Ha u jra G lhi De rh ga ttis ih ar a Ch B m sa As AP

0
Source : SRS of relevant years.

20

40

60

80

Figure 9

IMR of Orissa & India (1981- 2005)

160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1981 1991 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2002 2003 2005 Orissa
Source : SRS of relevant years.

India

Figure 10 Antenatal Care, 2002, Orissa (in Per Cent) Area Name Antenatal care (full) Pregnant women consuming one iron folic acid tablet regularly Pregnant Pregnant Institutional women who women who deliveries had 3 or had two or more more TT antenatal injections care checkups 38.6 75.5 16.7 35.6 76.8 13.3 39.1 71.8 14.7 61 74.5 22.1 35.4 54.6 11.4 30.5 78.5 21 46.7 83.7 40.6 45.8 66.4 19.3 44.3 78.1 31.3 47.2 68.5 13.2 45.7 61.5 22.8 50.7 73 34.7 32.9 75.6 30.2 64.6 80 35 40.2 62.4 11.1 37.9 68.7 12.3 44.3 82.3 20.9 37.5 57.1 19.1 56.6 76.7 56.6 36.9 62.8 11.1 27.7 50.2 7.1 42.3 67.9 14.9 28.9 55.6 7.2 36.3 70.3 29.6 47.3 65.4 7.1 47.6 74.7 38.6 45.5 62.3 19.1 56.7 78.2 29.2 58.4 78.2 13.8 55.9 78.5 33.6 47.3 74.3 22.6

82

Anugul Balangir Baleshwar Bargarh Boudh Bhadrak Cuttack Debagarh Dhenkanal Gajapati Ganjam Jagatsinghapur Jajpur Jharsuguda Kalahandi Kandhamal Kendrapara Kendujhar Khurda Koraput Malkangiri Mayurbhanj Nabarangapur Nayagarh Nuapada Puri Rayagada Sambalpur Sonepur Sundargarh Orissa

29.5 30.9 28.6 42.3 27.3 19.2 32.7 39.4 33.2 42.1 30.5 24.6 18.4 55.9 32.1 31.1 27.7 31.7 37.5 31.7 23.8 35.6 20.6 19.8 40.4 32.6 35.3 50.1 48.6 49.7 32.5

58.3 69.8 55.9 61.2 57.4 43 53.5 68.8 54.5 65.6 44.9 32.3 35 77.3 59.2 66.4 38.8 60.9 51.7 68 58.8 68.1 60.2 33.9 70.6 49.3 58 75.8 75.1 77.8 58.8

Source : RCH-II (2001- 2002)

83

Figure 11 Access to safe drinking water facility in Orissa. (In %) Area Name Anugul Balangir Baleshwar Bargarh Boudh Bhadrak Cuttack Debgarh Dhenkanal Gajapati Ganjam Jagatsinghapur Jajpur Jharsuguda Kalahandi Kandhamal Kendrapara Kendujhar Khurda Koraput Malkangiri Mayurbhanj Nabarangapur Nayagarh Nuapada Puri Rayagada Sambalpur Sonepur Sundargarh Orissa Rural 39.35 73.87 86.33 83.26 64.31 88.63 50.05 56.16 31.34 43.29 57.89 77.98 42.37 62.81 81.23 32.03 73.74 52.39 42.97 67.26 82.06 43.9 80.37 51.47 84.29 75.59 78.11 56.48 76.28 56.98 62.88 Source : Census of India, 2001 Urban 71.19 71.41 90.87 68.32 73.41 91.1 76.68 63.42 32.82 62.13 66.55 86.44 72.12 49.72 72.59 69.42 62.22 73.05 63.27 66.29 87.9 50.41 62.93 46.63 83.05 95.25 88.17 82.7 75.32 81.19 72.32 Total 43.93 73.65 86.81 82.28 64.69 88.87 56.45 56.66 31.46 45.15 59.2 78.86 43.55 58.14 80.69 34.44 73.19 55.12 51.98 67.11 82.46 44.32 79.41 51.28 84.23 78.21 79.44 63.39 76.22 64.95 64.19

84

Figure 12 Percentage of households with toilet or latrine facility in Orissa. (In %) Area Name Anugul Bolangir Baleshwar Bargarh Boudh Bhadrak Cuttack Debgarh Dhenkanal Gajapati Ganjam Jagatsinghapur Jajpur Jharsuguda Kalahandi Kandhamal Kendrapara Kendujhar Khurda Koraput Malkangiri Mayurbhanj Nabarangapur Nayagarh Nuapada Puri Rayagada Sambalpur Sonepur Sundargarh Orissa Rural 9.07 4.85 9.27 6.03 3.74 7.73 11.36 5.08 8.25 5.12 11.49 10.12 13.1 7.17 5.11 6.74 7.25 5.04 11.13 5.02 4.09 5 4.36 13.89 4.16 10 4.34 5.93 4.62 5.81 7.71 Source : Census of India, 2001 Urban 67.86 54.86 60.13 49.92 46.22 44.46 71.8 47.5 55.7 51.2 62.55 41.16 58.4 45.53 55.96 56.97 50.23 44.85 70.56 56.45 44.07 64.21 51.48 57.36 44.07 67.51 49.05 53.84 34.73 59.58 59.69 Total 17.55 9.34 14.64 8.92 5.48 11.34 25.88 8.02 12.08 9.67 19.21 13.33 14.9 20.84 8.29 9.98 9.27 10.3 37.51 13.12 6.79 8.77 6.94 15.6 6.11 17.67 10.27 18.57 6.71 23.52 14.89

85

Figure 13 Primary school Gross Enrollment Ratio and Net Enrollment Ratio 02-03, Orissa. (in %)
District Gross Enrollment Ratio Boys Girls Total Net Enrollment Ratio Boys Girls Total

Angul Balasore Baragarh Bhadrak Bolangir Boudh Cuttack Debgarh Dhenkanal Gajapati Ganjam Jagatsinghpur Jajpur Jharsuguda Kalahandi Kandhamal Kendrapara Keonjhar Khurdha Koraput Malkangiri Mayurbhanj Nabarangpur Nayagarh Nuapada Puri Rayagada Sambalpur Sonepur Sundergarh State Total

102.06 112.27 114.79 114.05 117.89 111.85 113.64 86.8 111.89 112.81 94.22 113.93 110.24 108.53 112.71 106.6 106.42 107.29 106.4 108.39 105.51 107.58 100.17 96.94 97.1 112.55 105.88 111.41 104.9 93.97 106.96

90.11 103.47 110.2 109.54 106.57 105.4 109.15 76.94 112.85 102.42 83.48 99.19 101.75 95.72 106.67 96.85 94.25 101.83 94.03 90.99 93.59 96.77 75.99 79.16 85.31 111.16 91.37 108.77 102.71 83.11 97.31

96.08 107.87 112.5 111 .79 112.23 108.62 111 .40 81.87 112.37 107.62 88.85 106.56 106 102.13 109.69 101.72 100.33 104.56 100.22 99.69 99.55 102.18 88.08 88.05 91.2 111.85 98.62 110.09 103.8 88.54 102.14

82.73 91.28 85.02 89.95 87.32 94.68 84.95 83.04 82.87 89.13 92.54 93.16 93.76 94.09 89.05 97.18 91.98 90.82 90.96 80.29 83.36 85 79.14 91.42 82.19 99.32 96.52 94.3 95.62 85.03 89.22

73.04 84.13 81.62 86.4 78.93 89.22 81.6 73.6 83.59 80.92 81.99 85.81 86.54 82.98 84.27 88.29 81.46 86.2 80.38 67.39 73.94 76.45 60.04 74.65 72.22 99.22 83.29 92.08 93.63 75.2 81.3

77.89 87.71 83.32 88.17 83.12 91.95 83.28 78.32 83.23 85.02 87.27 89.49 90.15 88.53 86.66 92.73 86.72 88.51 85.67 73.84 78.65 80.73 69.59 83.03 77.2 99.27 89.91 93.19 94.63 80.12 85.26

Source : Orissa Primary Education Programme Authority, Government of Orissa, 2002-03

86 Figure 14 Primary school drop out rate, 2001-02, Orissa (in Per Cent)
All Community Boys Girls Total SC Girls ST Girls

District

Boys

Total

Boys

Total

Angul Balasore Baragarh Bhadrak Bolangir Boudh Cuttack Deogarh Dhenkanal Gajapati Ganjam Jagatsinghpur Jajpur Jharsuguda Kalahandi Kendrapara Keonjhar Khurdha Koraput Malkangiri Mayurbhanj Nuapada Nawarangpur Nayagarh Kandhamal Puri Rayagada Sambalpur Sonepur Sundergarh State Total

30.9 19.8 30.2 13.7 32.6 53.3 19.2 54.6 31.5 38.7 12.3 7.5 19.8 41.5 53.7 26.7 53.8 19.8 42.3 48.2 59.9 46.6 51.6 26.6 47.4 19.3 40.1 48.0 19.5 54.6 42.0

40.6 19.9 31.6 15.7 41.0 55.8 19.5 58.4 33.0 48.4 20.2 10.1 21.5 43.7 66.1 32.7 56.0 22.0 46.9 47.1 63.5 58.5 59.6 31.8 54.4 25.6 47.1 54.7 17.8 54.9 40.0

35.4 18.8 30.7 14.4 36.5 54.2 19.2 57.2 32.1 42.9 16.0 08.8 20.8 42.4 59.6 29.3 54.6 20.7 44.2 47.6 61.3 51.8 54.9 28.6 50.6 22.4 43.0 51.1 18.6 54.6 41.0

36.8 23.6 36.0 16.3 38.8 63.5 22.8 65.0 37.5 46.1 14.7 09.0 23.5 49.4 64.1 31.8 64.0 23.6 50.1 57.3 71.3 55.6 61.5 31.7 56.4 22.9 47.8 57.2 23.2 65.0 50.0

52.8 23.2 41.1 20.2 53.3 72.6 25.4 75.9 43.0 62.9 26.3 13.2 28.0 56.8 85.9 42.5 72.9 28.6 60.9 61.3 82.5 76.0 77.5 41.3 70.7 33.3 61.3 71.1 23.2 71.5 52.0

44 23.4 38.2 17.9 45.52 67.5 23.9 71.1 39.9 53.3 19.9 11.0 25.9 52.7 74.2 36.5 68.0 25.7 55.0 59.2 76.3 64.4 68.3 35.6 63.0 27.8 53.6 63.6 23.2 68.0 51.0

44.9 28.8 43.8 19.9 47.3 77.4 27.8 29.3 45.7 56.2 17.9 11.0 28.7 60.3 78.2 38.8 78.2 28.8 61.4 70.0 87.0 62.8 75.0 38.6 68.8 28.0 58.3 70.0 28.3 79.3 61.0

65.9 28.8 50.8 25.4 66.6 86.7 30.4 90.6 50.8 68.0 25.3 14.0 33.0 67.2 94.5 46.5 86.6 32.8 70.1 75.4 97.0 95.0 96.9 51.7 88.4 41.6 76.6 88.8 29.0 89.3 65.0

54.4 28.9 47.2 22.2 56.1 83.3 29.5 87.9 49.3 65.9 25.6 13.6 32.0 65.1 91.6 45.1 83.9 31.8 68.0 73.1 94.2 79.5 84.4 44.0 77.8 34.4 66.0 78.5 28.6 87.9 63.0

Source : 'An Agenda for School and Mass Education' Orissa Vision 2020 document, 2003, Government of Orissa.

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ABBREVIATIONS
AE AFP AGS AIDS ANC ANM APL ARI ARV AWW BCG BDO BE BF BFHI BMI BP BPHC BPL BPNI CARS CBCS CBDP CBO CBR CCA CDD CDMO CDPO CDR CDS CES CHC CMHO CNSPM CRC CRSP CSSM CWC DDC DDK DHS ( FW ) DIET Actual Expenditure Acute flaccid Paralysis Adolescent Girls Scheme Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Ante Natal Care Auxiliary Nurse Midwife Above Poverty Line Acute Respiratory Infections Anti Rabies Vaccine Anganwadi Worker Anti tuberculosis vaccine Block Development officer Budget Estimate Breast Feeding Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative Body Mass Index Blood Pressure Block Primary Health Centre Below Poverty Line Breast Feeding Promotion Network of India Community Awareness for Rehabilitation Schemes Community Based Convergent Services Community Bases Disaster Preparedness Community Based Organisation Crude Birth rate Convergent Community Action Control of Diarrhoeal Diseases Chief District Medical Officer Community Development Programme Officer Crude Death Rate Community Development Society Coverage Evaluation Survey Community Health Center Chief medical Health officer Children in need of Special Protection measures Convention on the Rights of the Child Centrally Sponsored Rural Sanitation Programme Child Survival and Safe Motherhood programme Child Welfare Committee Drug Distribution Centre Disposal delivery kits Director of Health Services ( Family Welfare) District Institute for Education and Training

88 DISE DPEP DRDA DPT DSWO DTU DUDA DWCRA DWCUA EBF ECCE EGS EIUS FRU FW FWPR GER GOI GOO GMP GP HAF HDR HIV HMIS HRD ICCW ICDS ICMR IDD IEC IFA ILCS IMA IMR IPC IPP IRDP IUGR IUGM JRY JJ KBK LBW LHV LPCD District Information System for Education District Primary Education Programme District Rural Development Agency Diphtheria Pertussis Tetanus District Social Welfare Officer Diarrhoea Treatment Unit District Urban Development Agency Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas Development of Women and Children in Urban Areas Exclusive Breast Feeding Early Childhood care and Education Education Guarantee Scheme Environmental improvement of urban slums First Referral Unit Family Welfare Female Work Participation rate Gross Enrollment ratio Government of India Government of Orissa Growth monitoring and promotion Gram Panchayat Home Available Fluid Human Development Report Human Immunodeficiency Virus Health Management Information System Human Resource Development Indian Council for Child Welfare Integrated Child Development Service Indian Council for Medical Research Iodine Deficiency Disorders Information Education and Communication Iron Folic Acid Integrated Low Cost Sanitation Indian Medical Association Infant Mortality Rate Indian Penal Code Indian Population Project Integrated Rural Development Programme Intrauterine Growth Retardation Intrauterine Growth Monitoring Jawahar Rojgar Yojana Juvenile Justice Koraput Bolangir Kalahandi districts Low Birth Weight Local Health Volunteer Litres per capita day

89 MCH MCN MCP MDGs MDM MICS MIS MLA MLL MMR MNP MO MP MRA & E MSL MTP NAC NCERT NCLP NCRB NFE NFHS NGO NHC NHG NIDDCP NIMH NIN NNT NPAC NPRD NRCWA NSDP NSSO OBC OPEPA OPV ORS ORT PDS PEM PHC PHED PLA PMW PNC PNDT Mother and Child Health Mother and Child Nutrition Mother and Child Protection Millenium Development Goals Mid Day Meal Multi Indicator Cluster Survey Management Information System Member of Legislative Assembly Minimum level of learning Maternal Mortality Rate Minimum needs programme Medical Officer Member of Parliament Ministry of Rural Areas and Employment Measles Medical Termination of Pregnancy Notified Area Council National Council for Education, Research and Training National Child Labour Programme National Crimes Record Bureau Non Formal Education National Family Health Survey Non Government Organisation Neighbourhood Committee Neighbourhood Group National Iodine Deficiency Disorder Control Programme National Institute for Mentally handicapped National Institute of Nutrition Neo natal tetanus National Plan of Action for Children National Programme for Rehabilitation of the Disabled National Resource Center for Women in Agriculture National State Domestic Product National Sample Survey Organisation Other backward classes Orissa Primary Education Programme Oral Polio vaccine Oral Rehydration Salts Oral Rehydration Therapy Public Distribution System Protein Energy Malnutrition Primary Health Center Public Health Engineering Department Participatory Learning and Action Para Medical worker Pre Natal Care Pre Natal Diagnostic Test

90 PP PPM PRI PTA RCH RCI RCV RE RMRC RTI RWSS SC SC SCERT SCP SEM SHG SITA SJSRY SPAC SRS SSA ST STD STI SUDA SWSM TBA Post partum Parts per million Panchayati Raj Institutions Parents Teachers Association Reproductive and Child Health Rehabilitation Council of India Resident Community Volunteer Revised Estimate Regional Medical Research Center Reproductive Tract Infection Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Scheduled Castes Surveillance Centres/ Sentinel Centres State Council for Education Research and Training Special Component Planning Self Employed Mechanic Self Help Group Suppression of Immoral Traffic Act Swarna Jayanti Sahari Rojgar Yojana State Plan of Action for Children Sample Registration Survey Sarva Sikshya Abhijan Scheduled Tribes Sexually Transmitted Disease Sexually Transmitted Infection State Urban Development Agency State Water and Sanitation Mission Traditional Birth Attendant