Interaccin medio ambiente desarrollo ontognico y fenotipo

Isoenzimas & Regulacin Metablica diferencial Interespecfica e Intraespecfica

Variabilidad Ambiental y Respuesta de Aclimatizacin

Variabilidad Ambiental y Respuesta de Aclimatizacin

Sistemas de autoregulacin - retroalimentacin

Sistemas de anticipacin

Cambios fisiolgicos temporales

Retroalimentacin positiva

Respuestas locales y pleiotrpicas

Fenotipo = Genotipo + Ambiente

Puntos de Control de la Expresin Gnica

La Expresin Gnica vara segn la Etapa de Desarrollo y las Necesidades Funcionales y Metablicas Tisulares

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Preguntas: Que conclusin obtiene de las caractersticas estructurales de la Hb a traves de la ontogenia de un ser humano? Esperara alguna consecuencia funcional de ello?

Figure - Nucleotide sequence of the human -globin gene. (A) Schematic representation of the locations of the promoter region, transcription initiation (cap) site, 5 untranslated (leader) sequence, exons, introns, and 3 untranslated region of the human globin gene. Exons are in color; the numbers flanking them indicate the amino acid positions they encode in -globin. (B) The nucleotide sequence of the -globin gene, shown from the 5 end to the 3 end of the RNA. The promoter sequences are boxed, as are the translation initiation and termination codes ATG and TAA. The large capital letters boxed in color are exons, and the amino acids for which they code are abbreviated above them. The small capital letters are the bases of the introns. The codons represented by capital letters after the translation terminator are in the -globin mRNA but are not translated into proteins. Within this group is the sequence thought to be needed for polyadenylation. (B from Lawn et al. 1980.)

Figure - Percentages of hemoglobin chain types as a function of human developmental stage.

Figure - Diagram of the human -globin family of genes on chromosome 11. The erythroid-specific LCR region is located 6 to 22 kilobases upstream of the -globin gene. The five DNase Ihypersensitive sites within this region are marked by arrows. Downstream from the - globin (embryonic) gene are two nearly identical -globin (fetal) genes. These are followed by the adult - and -globin genes.

Figure - Methylation of globin genes in human embryonic blood cells. The activity of the globin genes correlates inversely with the methylation of their promoters. (After Mavilio et al. 1983.)