Chng 1 - Tng quan cng ngh sn xut Ximng

Chng 1 Tng quan cng ngh sn xut Ximng 1.1. Tng quan cng ngh sn xut Ximng
vi st

Khoan, n mn, vn chuyn

My p vi

My p st

Kho cha vi, st Than My nghin liu

Sil cha ng nht My nghin than H thng cyclone trao i nhit Sy Du Thch cao Ph gia L nung

Sil cha clinker

My nghin xi mng Sil cha xi mng My ng bao t Xe la

V bao

Tu thy

Hnh 1.1 S tng quan cng ngh sn xut ximng 1.1.1. p v ng nht s b vi sau khi khai thc c a vo my p , sau khi p c kch thc 15 mm c a vo h thng bng ti vn chuyn vo cu ri di vo kho cha. Cng vi qu trnh ri th vi c ng nht s b. st c vn chuyn vo phu tip liu, nh bng ti xch a qua ba p, p xung c ht < 75 mm, ri chuyn n my cn 2 1

Chng 1 - Tng quan cng ngh sn xut Ximng

trc cn st xung cn < 25 mm ri qua h thng bng ti cao su chuyn v kho ng nht s b. 1.1.2. Kho ng nht s b vi v st c h thng gu xc a ln bng ti qua simat (h thng cn nh lng t ng) nh ng khi lng cn thit theo t l cn t bng ti chung ri t bng ti chuyn ti c tip liu cho my sy nghin liu. ng thi x st v ct thch anh cng c tho ra t cc kt qua cn nh lng vo bng ti chung v cng vo c tip liu vo my sy nghin. Thnh phn lng liu c tnh ton da trn h thng iu khin cht lng xi mng QCX. 1.1.3. Cng on nghin liu Hn hp cc thnh phn vi, st, ct v x st c trn ln vo my nghin. Nguyn liu trc khi vo my nghin cn phi m bo v m trong khong 6-7%. Nu m c m bo th nguyn liu c sy trong my nghin v kh nng l kh hon lu c ly t l nung. Nu m ca nghin liu ln th ngoi kh hon lu c cp t l nung th nghin liu cn c sy b xung b t my sy ph. Mc ch ca vic sy ph tr l m bo cht lng ca phi liu u ra ca my nghin. My nghin th c nng sut 248 tn/h. My nghin th c thit k gm c 2 ngn. Mi ngn c ngn cch vi nhau bi cc vch ngn trn l nh. Ngn u tin cha cc bi n c kch thc ln lm nhim v nghin s b. Khi cc ht t ti mt kch thc nht nh chng c thi sang ngn th 2. trong ngn th 2 c cc bi nghin c kch thc nh hn lm nhim v nghin tinh. Phi liu u ra ca my nghin c vn chuyn ln phn ly kh ng. Ht qua sng c mn m bo yu cu c thi ln cyclonee lng, cn ht th c hi lu tr li a v my nghin li. Ngoi ra my nghin cn c gim st bi 1 pholaphone. Thc cht pholaphone l mt cm bin m thanh t bn ngoi my nghin. Nhim v ca pholaphone l gim st mc n ca my nghin. Nu mc n cao tc l my nghin ang thiu nguyn liu v nu n thp th my nghin ang y nguyn liu. Tn hiu o c ca pholaphone c a v hiu chnh tng lng t vo my nghin. 2

Chng 1 - Tng quan cng ngh sn xut Ximng

1.1.4. Cng on ng nht liu Liu sau khi ra khi my nghin c ng nht ln na trc khi a vo l nung. dy truyn Hong Thch 1 s dng phng php tho cho ng nht liu. Cn Hong Thch 2 s dng sil CF. Ti silo - CF h thng ri liu s ri phi liu ra thnh 7 ng. Ti y mi ng c mt h thng van thu lc v my nn kh. S lng cc van thu lc m c tnh ton ti u c phi liu u ra ca Silo CF lun l gi tr hng s t trc. Khi cc van thu lc m ra phi liu xung kt cha ng thi tin hnh cn phi liu iu chnh ng m van thu lc sao cho lu lng ca phi liu u ra l khng i v bng gi tr t trc. Phi liu ra khi cn c nng ln bi gu nng a vo mng trt a n thp sy 5 tng.

1.1.5. Cng on l nung L nung clinker l loi l quay bao gm cc h thng chnh: H thng sy 5 tng, l nung, h thng lm mt. Nguyn tc hot ng ca thp sy 5 tng l liu t trn i xung ng thi kh nng c ly t l nung c dn t di ln trn. Khi phi liu t trn xung n c sy ln lt v cng i xung di nhit sy cng cao. Phi liu sau khi qua cc cyclonee ca thp trao i nhit c sy s b t 750C n 10000C trc khi vo l. Khi cp liu cho l nung, bt than c thi vo v t t ui l cn phi liu c xung t h thng sy 5 tng xung u l. Dng kh nng i ngc t ui l n u l. Phi liu i vo l, nhit tng dn lm cc phn ng pha rn xy ra v c kt khi 13000C n 14500C to thnh clinker. Clinker ra khi l c nhit cao c lm ngui qua h thng lm mt n nhit khong 120 0C. Clinker c tho qua thit b lm lnh ng chm (kiu hnh tinh l 1) hoc cc ghi h nhit nh h thng kh nn p sut cao (l 2). 1.1.6. Cng on nghin xi mng Clinker, thch cao v ph gia trong cc kt cha c tho qua mt h thng van vo cc cn simat vo h thng bng ti 2 chiu ng nht cc thnh phn. Ngoi ra clinker c th c sut em bn. Khi cc kt cha ph gia v thch cao ng li, h 3

Chng 1 - Tng quan cng ngh sn xut Ximng

thng bng ti 2 chiu quay theo chiu ngc li clinker ra ngoi cc xe xut clinker. Clinker, thch cao v ph gia sau khi ng nht c a vo my nghin xi mng to ra sn phm xi mng. Thnh phn clinker, thch cao, ph gia c iu chnh t c cht lng xi mng theo yu cu. My nghin xi mng l my nghin kiu bi n. m bo nhit ca xi mng, trong khi nghin nc c phun vo di dng sng m p sut cao. Ngoi ra my nghin cn c gim st bi pholaphone o mc n ca my nghin iu chnh lng liu cp vo my nghin. Khi n ln tc l liu cp vo t h thng phn hi v cc cn simat tng lng liu cp vo my nghin v ngc li. Xi mng ra khi my nghin c a qua b phn ly bng mt h thng gm cc mng trt v gu xc. Ti y c s sng lc. Nu ht xi mng qu to th c thu hi tr li u my nghin. Nu xi mng t tiu chun th c a n 5 Silo cha bn kia sng qua h thng bng ti. Nu ht xi mng qu ln th c thu hi v a tr li my nghin. Mt phn xi mng qu nh ra khi my nghin c thu hi bi h thng lc bi tnh in. 1.1.7. Cng on ng bao Xi mng c c vn chuyn bng vt ti, gu xc v bng ti ti phn xng ng bao gm c 5 Silo cha. cc sil cha ny xi mng c sc lin tc nh cc my nn kh ng nht ln cui trc khi a n cc my ng bao hoc a n cu cng, ga tu xut xi mng ri.

1.2. H thng l nung Clinker

1.2.1. S cng ngh h thng l nung Clinker

Chng 1 - Tng quan cng ngh sn xut Ximng

Hnh 1..2 S cng ngh h thng l nung Clinker 1.2.2. Phn tch cc yu t nh hng n h thng l nung Clinker Ta coi h thng l l 1 i tng iu khin. Nh vy u vo ca i tng l phi liu v nhin liu cho qu trnh t (than v du), gi cho qu trnh t v nhiu. Cn u ra l clinker v kh thi t qu trnh t l.

Chng 1 - Tng quan cng ngh sn xut Ximng

Nhie u Nguye n lie u a u va o Nhie n lie u Gio Clinker

He tho ng lo nung

a u ra Kh tha i

Hnh 1.3 - Cc yu t nh hng n h thng l 1.2.2.1. u vo ca h thng l a. Nguyn liu Cht lng xi mng trc ht ph thuc vo cht lng clinker m cht lng clinker quyt nh bi cht lng phi liu. Phi liu sn xut xi mng thng thng gm c vi, canxi, t st v cc loi ph gia iu chnh h s nh qung st, bxit Thnh phn ho hc ch yu ca phi liu gm c 4 oxit chnh: CaO ch yu do vi cung cp; SiO2, Al2O3 v Fe2O3 do t st cung cp. Qung st c cha nhiu Fe2O3 v bxit cha nhiu Al2O3. Bn oxyt trn chim 95 - 97%, cn li 3 - 5% l oxit v cc tp cht khc nm trong phi liu. Cc yu cu i vi nguyn liu trc khi vo l: - m bo thnh phn ho hc (t l phi liu): s sai khc thnh phn ho hc s dn n kh nung hay s c l, khng cho ta thnh phn khong clinker nh mong mun lm cht lng xi mng khng n nh. iu ny c thc hin nh h thng iu khin cht lng xi mng QCX. My tnh Solar 16/40 nhn tn hiu vo my phn tch Rnghen v da vo chng trnh cng ngh c sn trong my tnh a ra mc t phn trm cho vi, st, qung st v bxyt trong tng lng liu t trc cho my nghin.

Chng 1 - Tng quan cng ngh sn xut Ximng

Ro vi s t X s t Bxyt

Truy n ng bng ti

hm t ch

My t nh Solar

My ph n t ch R nghen

Hnh 1.4 - S cu trc h iu khin cht lng xi mng QCX - m bo mn phi liu: bt liu th lc nung kh kt khi, chn khng trit , cn nhiu vi t do Do vy phi khng ch mn phi liu ra khi my nghin di 10%. - m bo ng nht: liu khng ng nht lc nung trong l chc chn ht clinker cht lng khng u. V vy bt liu sau khi nghin c a vo sil cha, c khuy trn lin tc bng khng kh nn, m bo liu vo l l ng nht. - m bo m ca phi liu: nu liu qu kh vin liu nh b, cn nu qu m vin liu ln qu c do lc ri vo gu np liu s dnh bt vo nhau. Liu kh hay m tht thng chc chn s nh hng n ch nhit ca l nung lm cho l nung chy khng n nh do khng thay i kp theo m ca liu. m ca bt phi liu c khng ch mc 1% qua my sy nghin lin hp. Bn yu cu trn l bt buc i vi khu gia cng phi liu trc khi vo l, phi khng ch cht ch, c bin php k thut kim tra chc chn gi cho l n nh, cht lng clinker n nh xi mng s c cht lng cao. b. Nhin liu Tiu th nhit ca l s thay i khi dng cc nhin liu khc nhau v khi lng kh t to ra v thnh phn ho hc ca khi khc nhau khi t than, du hoc kh. Loi nhin liu cng nh hng ti mc

Chng 1 - Tng quan cng ngh sn xut Ximng

nhit trong l v nhit kh thi. Trong sn xut ximng, hai loi nhin liu chnh thng c s dng l than cm v du MFO 100. Than cm Nhin liu chnh cho qu trnh t trong l v trong bung phn hu l than. Than c nghin mn qua h thng phn ly khng kh, qua cyclone lng ri c cha vo kt. y ca kt than mn c tip liu vt xon, nh ng c 1 chiu m iu chnh c d dng lng than cp vo l. Khi than mn qua phu tip liu vo vt ti, vt ti vn chuyn than mn vo ng ng, y c 1 qut cao p thi than mn vo t l qua h thng vi phun a knh. Du MFO 100 Du c s dng lm nhin liu chnh cho qu trnh t trong trong giai on khi ng l, khi l nung t ti nhit cho php cho qu trnh chy ca than c th xy ra th ta bt u gim lng du v tng lng than cp cho l. Hoc khi cn cung cp nhit lng b sung cho qu trnh t. Mt khc, du t cng lm gim tiu th nhit so vi t than v khi t s khng hnh thnh tro trong l t nh than. Du c bm ln b cha, t b cha du c chuyn bng h thng ng ng qua h thng sy ri c bm qua van iu chnh vo l bi h phun du. c. Gi Gi a vo h thng l gm hai nhim v chnh. Nhim v th nht l to ra p sut cn thit y nhin liu vo bn trong l, lm gim nhit ca vi t (trnh lm bin dng vi t nhit cao). ng thi cng cung cp lng nhit sy nhin liu n mt nhit xc nh, m bo nhin liu t c hiu sut chy cao nht. Lng gi ny vo l thng qua h thng vi t, v t l vi lng nhin liu cp vo l. Nhim v th hai l cung cp mt lng oxi cn thit nhin liu chy hon ton. Nu gi khng , lng oxi cung cp b thiu, nhin liu c cung cp s khng chy ht v ngc li. Gi a vo s lm thay i p sut kh trong l, nh hng ti nhit trong l v nh vy s nh hng ti cht lng Clinker c to thnh. 1.2.2.2. Nhiu a. Cht lng ca bt liu

Chng 1 - Tng quan cng ngh sn xut Ximng

Cht lng ca bt liu s nh hng rt ln n kh nng tiu th nhit ca l. Do tnh cht ngu nhin v rt khc nhau ca hm lng cc xt trong vi v st nn thnh phn v cht lng ca nguyn liu u vo s b nh hng t nhiu. Vic phi liu u vo cho ph hp vi yu cu cng ngh l vic rt phc tp do tnh khng ng u v thnh phn ho hc trong nhng khu vc khai thc khc nhau. Mt khc, vic o chnh xc hm lng ca cc cht trong vi v st khai thc c rt kh khn (ch yu l nh my phn tch Rnghen). Chnh v vy, phi liu u vo s nh hng khng nh ti cht lng ca Clinker. b. Cht lng nhin liu u vo Nhit tr ca than v du Loi cht t s dng, cht lng v c tnh ca chng c nh hng n tiu th nhit lng. Nhit tr thc ca mt loi nhin liu l tng nhit hu ch c gii phng khi t chy. Nhit tr ny c coi l nh hng n tiu th nhit ca h thng l. Nhit tr cng thp, tiu th nhit lng trong l cng cao. Nhit tr thc ca du tng i n nh v ch ph thuc vo t l hydr/cacbon. Cn than c nhit tr thc khc nhau v thay i tu thuc vo tng loi than v nhit tr ca than ph thuc vo cc yu t nh: m ca than, tro cha trong than, mn ca than. m ca than Than c khai thc ti cc m than khng hon ton th, n c cha mt lng nc nht nh. Lng nc ny to cho than c mt m chng vic t chy nhng cn phi trnh m qu ln v s lm gim kh nng chy ca than v gy nn kt dnh bt than mn m. m trong than mn khi i qua l v thp tin nung s to thnh hi lm tng lng khi v lm tng s mt nhit cng vi kh thi. m ca than c nh ngha l phn trm nc c cha trong mt n v khi lng chun. Khi than c m cao th s gy kh khn trong vn chuyn than t my nghin n bng t. Than m lm tiu tn nhit lm bc hi. y l mt trong nhng nhn t nh hng ti hiu sut ca qu trnh t.

Tro cha trong than 9

Chng 1 - Tng quan cng ngh sn xut Ximng

Tro l nhng thnh phn khng chy c th rn, thng quy nh l t l phn trm cn li khi t nguyn liu rn 800 0C. Tro gm c tro ngoi v tro trong. Tro ngoi l nhng cht rn khng chy c ln vo trong qu trnh khai thc than, cn tro trong l nhng thnh phn cht rn khng chy c c ngay trong thnh phn ca than. Tro c tc dng xu, lm gim nhit lng pht ra ca nhin liu, gy hin tng bm bn, mi mn cc b mt truyn nhit, cc ng ng dn, qut khi... mn ca than mn ca than chnh l kch thc ca cc ht than cm. Khi than cng mn th vn chuyn n v tr vi t s d dng hn. Hn th na, than cng mn th hiu sut chy cng cao, lng tro x thi ra cng t. Khi than c kch thc n th lng oxy tip xc vi b mt than ln v qu trnh chy ca nhin liu s xy ra hon ton. 1.2.2.3. u ra ca h thng l a. Clinker Thnh phn clinker gm 4 oxyt chnh l: CaO, SiO 2, Al2O3 v Fe2O3. Tnh cht ca clinker v xi mng ph thuc ch yu vo cc thnh phn xit ny. T l hm lng ca chng trong Clinker thng thng nh sau: CaO : ( 63 - 67 )% Al2O3 : ( 4 - 7 )% SiO2 : ( 21 - 24)% Fe2O3 : ( 2 - 4 ) %

Chng lin kt vi nhau khi nung nhit cao 14500C to nn 4 khong chnh l 3CaO.SiO2 (hay cn gi l C3S), 2Cao.SiO2 (C2S), 3CaO.Al2O3 (C3A) v 4CaO.Al2O3.Fe2O3 (C4AF). Nu CaO v SiO2 khng phn ng ht th chng nm trng thi t do. Tng 4 khong chnh chim khong (95 - 97)%. Trong : Tng khong silicat: C3S + C2S = (75 - 82)% Tng khong d chy aluminat: C3A + C4AF = (16 - 25)% Cht lng ca clinker bn cnh vic ph thuc vo thnh phn cht lng ca phi liu cn ph thuc rt nhiu vo ch nung luyn clinker: nhit nung, thi gian nung v bin php lm lnh clinker. Qu trnh ho l xy ra khi nung clinker trong l Din bin ha l ca qu trnh liu bin i thnh clinker c th c tm tt theo trnh t sau: 10

Chng 1 - Tng quan cng ngh sn xut Ximng

- Qu trnh kh nc l hc, nung nng phi liu ng thi c s thay i mt vi tnh cht ca phi liu, c th xy ra mt s loi phn ng ha hc nhng khng nh hng ln n qu trnh to khong clinker sau ny. - Qu trnh ha hc lin quan trc tip n phn hy nhit v bin i ca tng cu t nguyn liu trong phi liu nh vi, t st c th t sn phm phn hy nhit cc cu t s xy ra mt s phn ng pha rn nhng nhng phn ng ca giai on ny cn rt chm cha nh hng ln n qu trnh din bin sau ny. - Din bin phn ng pha rn to nn cc khong c bn trong clinker v chun b cho giai on cui cng to khong C3 S kt khi clinker. Hai giai on u lm tt s to iu kin phn ng pha rn thun li v ko theo chun b cho qu trnh kt khi clinker hnh thnh nhiu C3 S v c 4 khong cht chnh trong clinker. - To pha lng v tng hp C3 S , xy ra qu trnh kt khi khi c mt pha lng v qu trnh phn ng trong pha lng ca cc pha rn
C2 S , CaO to thnh C3 S .

- Kt tinh cc khong clinker trong pha lng. Di y l cc khong nhit xy ra s cc s bin i c bn. Bng 1.4 - Cc qu trnh ha l Khong nhit 30 - 100 0C 100 - 400 400 - 750 Cc quy trnh c trng Sy, bay hi nc t do. Sy, loi tr nc c ngm. Phn hy khong st metakaolinite
Al2 O3 . 2 SiO2 . 2H 2 O Al2 O3 . 2 SiO2

Loi

quy

trnh Thu nhit cao lanh Thu nhit Thu nhit

600 - 900

Phn hy metkaolinite thnh cc oxit phn ng t do

Al2 O3 . 2 SiO2 Al2 O3 + 2 SiO2

Thu nhit

600 - 1000

Phn hy cacbonat thnh cc oxit phan ng t do

CaCO3 . MgCO3 MgO + CaO + 2 CO2

Thu nhit Sinh nhit

800 - 1300

Kt hp ca cc oxit d phn ng thnh khong clinker trung gian hoc cui cng. 11

Chng 1 - Tng quan cng ngh sn xut Ximng

1300 - 1380 1250 - 1500

Hnh thnh clinker lng t khong nhm v ferit. Hnh thnh Alit ( C3 S ), l khong clinker ch yu.

Thu nhit Thu nhit

1900 o C 1800 1700 1600 1500 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 30 20 10 0 % no ng cha y Nguye n lie u L p lo t kh lo

Zone canxi hoa

zone nung

zone
la m nguo i

Hnh 1.5 - Phn b nhit trong l nung Clinker S hnh thnh lp cla Khi phi liu bc vo qu trnh to pha lng (1300 - 13800C) th hn hp liu chuyn t trng thi rn sang lng, lp phi liu nng chy ny c gi l lp Cola. Lp Cola ny c vai tr quan trng, nh hng rt ln ti qu trnh to thnh C3 S , l khong clinker ch yu. Do vy i hi phi duy tr c lp Cola hp l va l iu cn thit c th thu c clinker c cht lng tt. Nu lp Cola sn c qu mng th nhit sn c ca lp Cola thp, cng thm nhit ca lng np liu qu thp s khng to ra c t l nguyn liu nng chy cn thit to thnh Cola. Nu lng Cola qu nhiu th lp Cola s nng chy v gy h hi lp lt ca l nung. 12

Chng 1 - Tng quan cng ngh sn xut Ximng

Hnh 1.6 - Lp Cola bn trong l nung b. Kh thi Kh thi t nhnh cyclone ca l v bung phn hu u c cc my phn tch lin tc ly mu v hm lng O2 v CO c theo di m bo oxy trong l v trong bung phn hu cho nhin liu chy hon ton. Mc oxy qu thp hoc qu cao trong c 2 ni ny th phi c iu chnh tng ng lng gi bng cc van ca qut l ID. Kh thi t thp trao i nhit cng c phn tch thnh phn CO lin tc v mc CO cao l nguy him v c th gy chy n do s bc chy t pht trong my sau thp trao i nhit. 1.2.3. Phn loi v cu to h thng l nung Clinker 1.2.3.1. Phn loi cc h thng l nung Clinker Nhim v chnh ca l nung clinker l nung luyn bt liu nhit thch hp to ra clinker theo ng tiu chun cht lng. Thit k h thng l tri qua nhng bc pht trin lin tc tng bc gp phn to ra cc c tnh ca cc loi l hin gp ti cc nh my xi mng trn th gii. Cc loi l thng gp l: - L t. - L kh di. - L SP c thp trao i nhit kiu treo. - L c bung phn hy. L quay u tin theo phng php t, tuy lp t v vn hnh n gin xong cn nhiu b l v rt tn km khi phi lm bay hi nc t bn cp liu. Bng cch s dng qu trnh sy, c th rt ngn chiu di l theo zone sy v tit kim nhit lng cn c sy. y l c s ca qu trnh hnh thnh cc loi l kh hin nay. Bc tip theo trong s pht trin ca l l tn dng nhit lng ca kh l sy s b bt liu, bng cch kt hp kh l v bt liu trong 1 h thng cyclone ti u vo ca l, t hnh thnh nn l SP c thp trao i nhit kiu treo. Tip theo , bng cch chuyn qu trnh canxi ho bt liu, mt quy trnh tiu th nhiu nng lng nht 13

Chng 1 - Tng quan cng ngh sn xut Ximng

trong h thng l, ra bn ngoi nh h thng l c bung phn hu, ta c th gim chiu di ca l v gim kch c ca ng l cho mt mc sn lng nht nh. C 3 loi thit k l tiu biu hin nay l: - L c thp trao i nhit treo (SP) c trng l thp cyclone tin nung. - L c bung phn hy trong nhnh cyclone (ILC), c trng l kh l v gi 3 i qua bung phn hy. - L c bung phn hy ring ngoi nhnh cyclone (SLC), c trng l c gi 3 i qua bung phn hy. Do khun kh ca n, nn ch tp trung tm hiu v h thng l SLC. y l h thng l c bung phn hu ring, c thit k canxi ho liu trong cyclone thp trao i nhit v bung phn hu ti mc canxi ho khong 90 - 95%. iu ny t c nhit 870 - 9000C trong bung phn hu v tng cyclone thp nht, ti nhit ny qu trnh canxi ho xy ra nhanh chng. Mc chnh lch nhin liu gia l v bung phn hu khong 40 - 60%. 1.2.3.2. Cu to h thng l SLC H thng l SLC s dng mt thp trao i nhit nhnh l v mt hoc hai nhnh cyclone khc ca bung phn hu c t song song vi ng ng ca l. H thng ny c trang b t 4 n 6 cyclone trong mi nhnh thp trao i nhit. Phi s dng my lm ngui kiu ghi cho h thng l ny v my lm ngui phi c u ra cho kh nng cung cp cho bung phn hu. Kh cho qu trnh chy trong bung phn hu c ly t my lm ngui kiu ghi v bung phn hu v c a vo trong y hnh cn ca bung phn hu. H thng l SLC l h thng c bung phn hu ring thc s c thit k canxi ho liu trong cyclone thp trao i nhit v bung phn hu ti mc canxi ho khong 90 95%. iu ny t c nhit 870 - 9000C trong bung phn hu v tng cyclone thp nht, ti nhit ny qu trnh canxi ho xy ra nhanh chng.

14

Chng 1 - Tng quan cng ngh sn xut Ximng

287oC

318o C

477o C

498o C

655oC

C 645o

811o C

C 755o

890oC

820o C

900o C

780o C

Hnh 1.7 - H thng l SLC c bung phn hu ring a. Cyclone thp trao i nhit Mc ch ca cyclone thp trao i nhit l a dn nhit ca nguyn liu ln n gn nhit canxi ha ti tng thp nht ca thp trao i nhit. Nguyn liu thng c a vo ng ng gia tng cyclone th nht v tng cyclone th hai. Nguyn liu c treo trn kh c y ln tng cyclone th nht ti y nguyn liu c tch ra khi kh v ri cyclone qua van cn y. N chy qua van lt v chuyn ti ng ng dn n tng cyclone th hai ti y qu trnh ny c lp li. Bng cch ny nguyn liu chuyn dn tng bc qua cc cyclone ng thi vi qu trnh trao i nhit vi kh nng. Cyclone thp trao i nhit l b phn tnh v ngoi van tip liu lt khng bao gm phn chuyn ng c. b. Bung phn hy. 15

Chng 1 - Tng quan cng ngh sn xut Ximng

Mc ch chnh ca bung phn hy l cho qu trnh canxi ha liu xy ra ngoi l quay. iu ny dn n s gim ng k ti nhit ca zone nung, lm tng sn lng gp hai ln i vi c l nht nh khi so snh vi l kh bnh thng c thp trao i nhit treo. V vy bung phn hu cn c gi l canxiner. Hn na bung phn hy cho kh nng s dng nhin liu c cht lng thp hn l bnh thng, do vy gim chi ph nhin liu.
n cyclon thp nht Li u

Nhin li u

Nhin li u

Khnng t b lm ngui

Hnh 1.8 - S u vo, u ra ca bung phn hy Bung phn hy c 3 u vo v 1 u ra: - u vo gm c: nhin liu, nguyn liu (c nung nng trc khong 8000C) v kh nng t b lm ngui 8000C. - u ra l kh nng gm cc sn phm chy c v CO2 to ra trong qu trnh canxi ha v nguyn liu dng bi vi kh nng. Hn hp nguyn liu v kh sau c dn ti cyclone, ti kh v nguyn liu c tch ra. Nguyn liu c chuyn n l quay, v kh nng tip tc i ln ti cyclone thp trao i nhit, ti y hu ht nhit lng b thu hi thng qua qu trnh trao i nhit vi nguyn liu mi ang c chuyn vo trong qu trnh. Lng gi c kim sot bng van hoc bng tc qut, trong trng hp lung gi thay i. H thng bung phn hy kiu SLC c u im l kch c va phi vi thi gian lu gi nguyn liu v kh tng ng lu hn m bo qu trnh chy din ra hon ton. Bung phn hu c thit k vi y hnh nn v do s tng nhanh trong tit din y hnh nn s to ra xoy m bo ho trn hiu qu gia bt liu, 16

Chng 1 - Tng quan cng ngh sn xut Ximng

nhin liu v gi. Trong bung phn hy theo kiu ny 60% tng s nhin liu c th t trong bung phn hy v mc canxi ha cao hn. Cng nh vy, do s bc chy trong khng kh ngoi tri nn c th s dng cc loi nhin liu khc nhau. c. ng l L c thit k cho php qu trnh nung nng nguyn liu xy ra trong khi nguyn liu c chuyn xung n u ra. ng thi khi lng kh chy c kim sot chuyn ln l vo trong ng ng. Vic lm kn qu trnh khi s xm nhp ca kh gi lm tng nhit lng tiu th l rt quan trng v s xm nhp ca kh gi vo nhng khu vc ny s lm tng tiu th nhit ln ng k so vi nhng khu vc khc, nn ngi ta lp t cc thit b lm kn u ra, u vo l. Nguyn liu c chuyn qua l bng kt hp ca nghing ca l v chuyn ng quay. Khi nguyn liu n gn ngn la, nguyn liu c t nng n nhit clinker ho bng nhit lng thot ra khi ngn la. Nhit lng ny c chuyn 1 phn bng s bc x trc tip t ngn la n nguyn liu v 1 phn do s hp th nhit ca liu t lp lt. S nung nng b mt ca nguyn liu rt nhanh, nhng s truyn nhit t b mt lng np vo bn trong chm. S truyn nhit ny ca nguyn liu ch yu c thc hin do s quay ca nguyn liu. Do lng np, trt trong l khng c b mt tip xc gy kh khn cho nung nng. chuyn nhit lng vo bn trong ca lng np c th np l thp. V l do ny vic chy l vi tc cao thng c li, mc d gim thi gian lu gi ca clinker trong zone nung. d. B lm ngui kiu ghi Clinker sau khi ra khi l c nhit khong 1200 0C - 13000C, v vy Clinker trao i nhit vi dng kh mt lm ngui xung cn khong 1200C - 2000C, bo ton hm lng khong ca Clinker v d dng cho vic vn chuyn. B lm ngui kiu ghi c s dng cho h thng l SLC do c ng phn hi cung cp kh nng cho bung phn hy (ng gi 3). B lm ngui phi c kch thc d tha cho mc sn lng bnh thng, nu khng n s khng cng sut lm ngui trong iu kin hot ng bt n. B lm ngui c th c trang b t 2 n 4 ghi. 17

Chng 1 - Tng quan cng ngh sn xut Ximng

Ca ly kh nng t b lm ngui phi v tr m bo nhit kh cao cho l v bung phn hy. Do vy ca ly kh nng cho bung phn hy phi c t ghi th nht. B lm ngui kiu ghi hot ng vi nguyn tc lung vung gc m trong clinker chuyn ng qua ghi trong khi kh lm mt c thi vo di qua ghi v lp clinker. Clinker ri xung t l v to thnh lp clinker (hoc tng) trn ghi v c chuyn qua my lm ngui trn cc ghi c nh v chuyn ng c t xen k nhau. Mt dy qut c lp di ghi v lung kh c thi t qut vo khoang nh qua ghi. Lng kh mi khoang ring c gi mc c nh qua s iu khin ca cnh dn hng qut. Ngi vn hnh iu chnh lung kh theo cc yu cu lm lnh ca clinker. Sau ghi cui cng clinker c y qua tm chn u ra v trt xung sng trong ch c clinker nh hn 30 mm lt qua ti bng chuyn. Clinker ln hn c p trong my ba. Mt b iu khin thng xuyn iu khin tc ca ghi duy tr mc p sut c nh trong khoang th nht. p sut kh n nh trong sut qu trnh vn hnh l rt quan trng i vi b lm ngui v hot ng ca l. Ghi 2 4 c iu chnh ng b vi ghi 1 v chy vi tc cao hn 1 cht, do vy dy ca lp clinker thp hn. Momen ca cc ng c truyn ng phi c kim sot trnh qu ti i vi h thng truyn ng ghi. p sut khng i trong ng chp l iu quan trng hng u t c n nh ca l v trnh thi bi t b lm ngui. Do vy cn 1 b iu khin t ng duy tr p sut bng cch iu chnh van hoc tc ca qut kh thi b lm ngui.

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Chng 1 - Tng quan cng ngh sn xut Ximng

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