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Some common fixed point theorems for a family of non-self mappings in cone
metric spaces
Fixed Point Theory and Applications 2013, 2013:144 doi:10.1186/1687-1812-2013-144
Xianjiu Huang (xjhuangxwen@163.com)
Chuanxi Zhu (chuangxizhu@126.com)
Xi Wen (ncuxwen@163.com)
Ljubica Lalovi\'{c} (ljubicakg@yahoo.com)
ISSN 1687-1812
Article type Research
Submission date 17 December 2012
Acceptance date 15 April 2013
Publication date 4 June 2013
Article URL http://www.fixedpointtheoryandapplications.com/content/2013/1/144
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2013 Huang et al.
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Some common xed point theorems for a family of non-self
mappings in cone metric spaces

Xianjiu Huang
1
; Chuanxi Zhu
1
, Xi Wen
2
and Ljubica Lalovic
3
1. Department of Mathematics, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, P.R.China
2. Department of Computer Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, P.R.China
3. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Dositejeva 19, 36 000 Kraljevo, Serbia
xjhuangxwen@163.com (X. J. Huang), chuanxizhu@126.com (C. X. Zhu),
ncuxwen@163.com (X. Wen), ljubicakg@yahoo.com (L. Lalovic)
Abstract
Some common xed point theorems for a family of non-self mappings dened on a closed subset
of a metrically convex cone metric space (over the cone which is not necessarily normal) are obtained
which generalize earlier results due to Imdad et al. and Jankovic et al.
Keywords: cone metric spaces; common xed point; non-self mappings
AMS(2000) Subject Classication : 47H10; 54H25
1 Introduction and preliminaries
The existing literature of xed point theory contains many results enunciating xed point theorems
for self-mappings in metric and Banach spaces. Recently, Huang and Zhang [7] have replaced the real
numbers by ordering Banach space and dening cone metric space. They have proved some xed point
theorems of contractive mappings on cone metric spaces. The study of xed point theorems in such
spaces is followed by some other mathematicians; see [1-2, 4, 8-11, 15-20, 23, 25-26]. However, xed
point theorems for non-self mappings are not frequently discussed and so they form a natural subject
for further investigation. The study of xed point theorems for non-self mappings in metrically convex
metric spaces was initiated by Assad and Kirk[3]. Recently, Jankovic et al.[16] obtained a xed point
theorem for two non-self mappings in cone metric spaces. Motivated by Jankovic et al. [16], we prove
some common xed point theorems for a family of non-self mappings on cone metric spaces in which the
cone need not be normal.
1
Corresponding author: Chuanxi Zhu. Email: chuanxizhu@126.com

Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11071108) and supported partly by the
Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi, China (20114BAB201003) and the Science and Technology Project of
Educational Commission of Jiangxi Province, China (GJJ11346).
1
FPTA_244_edited [04/25 09:41] 1/16
Consistent with Huang and Zhang [7], the following denitions and results will be needed in the
sequel.
Let E be a real Banach space. A subset P of E is called a cone if and only if:
(a) P is closed, nonempty and P ,= ;
(b) a, b R, a, b 0, x, y P implies ax +by P;
(c) P (P) = .
Given a cone P E, we dene a partial ordering _ with respect to P by x _ y if and only if yx P.
A cone P is called normal if there is a number K > 0 such that for all x, y E,
_ x _ y implies | x | K | y |.
The least positive number K satisfying the above inequality is called the normal constant of P, while
x y stands for y x intP (interior of P).
Denition 1.1
[7]
Let X be a nonempty set. Suppose that the mapping d : X X E satises:
(d1) _ d(x, y) for all x, y X and d(x, y) = if and only if x = y;
(d2) d(x, y) = d(y, x) for all x, y X;
(d3) d(x, y) _ d(x, z) +d(z, y) for all x, y, z X.
Then d is called a cone metric on X and (X, d) is called a cone metric space.
The concept of a cone metric space is more general than that of a metric space.
Denition 1.2
[7]
Let (X, d) be a cone metric space. We say that x
n
is:
(e) a Cauchy sequence if for every c E with c, there is an N such that for all n, m >
N, d(x
n
, x
m
) c;
(f) a convergent sequence if for every c E with c, there is an N such that for all n >
N, d(x
n
, x) c for some xed x X.
A cone metric space X is said to be complete if for every Cauchy sequence in X, it is convergent in
X. It is known that x
n
converges to x X if and only if d(x
n
, x) as n . It is a Cauchy
sequence if and only if d(x
n
, x
m
) (n, m ).
Remark 1.1
[5]
Let E be an ordered Banach (normed) space. Then c is an interior point of P, if and
only if [c, c] is a neighborhood of .
Corollary 1.1
[15]
(1) If a _ b and b c, then a c.
Indeed, c a = (c b) + (b a) _ c b implies [(c a), c a] [(c b), c b].
(2) If a b and b c, then a c.
Indeed, c a = (c b) + (b a) _ c b implies [(c a), c a] [(c b), c b].
(3) If _ u c for each c intP, then u = .
Remark 1.2
[17]
If c intP, _ a
n
and a
n
, then there exists an n
0
such that for all n > n
0
, we
have a
n
c.
Remark 1.3
[17]
If E is a real Banach space with cone P and if a _ ka, where a P and 0 < k < 1,
then a = .
We nd it convenient to introduce the following denition.
2
FPTA_244_edited [04/25 09:41] 2/16
Denition 1.3
[17]
Let (X, d) be a complete cone metric space, let C be a nonempty closed subset
of X, and let f, g : C X be non-self mappings. Denote, for x, y C,
(1.1) M
f,g
1
= d(gx, gy), d(fx, gx), d(fy, gy),
d(fx, gy) +d(fy, gx)
2
.
Then f is called a generalized g
M
1
-contractive mapping of C into X if, for some (0,

2 1), there
exists u(x, y) M
f,g
1
such that for all x, y C,
(1.2). d(fx, fy) _ u(x, y)
Denition 1.4
[1]
Let f and g be self-maps of a set X (i.e., f, g : X X). If w = fx = gx for some
x in X, then x is called a coincidence point of f and g, and w is called a point of coincidence of f and g.
Self-maps f and g are said to be coincidentally commuting if they commute at their coincidence point;
i.e., if fx = gx for some x X, then fgx = gfx.
2 Main results
Recently, Jankovic et al.[16] proved some xed point theorems for a pair of non-self mappings dened
on a nonempty closed subset of complete metrically convex cone metric spaces with new contractive
conditions.
Theorem 2.1
[16]
Let (X, d) be a complete cone metric space, let C be a nonempty closed subset of
X such that for each x C and y , C there exists a point z C (the boundary of C) such that
d(x, z) +d(z, y) = d(x, y).
Suppose that f, g : C X are such that f is a generalized g
M
1
-contractive mapping of C into X, and
(i) C gC, fC C gC,
(ii) gx C fx C,
(iii) gC is closed in X.
Then the pair (f, g) has a coincidence point. Moreover, if (f, g) are coincidentally commuting, then
f and g have a unique common xed point.
The purpose of this paper is to extend the above theorem for a family of non-self mappings in cone
metric spaces. We begin with the following denition.
Denition 2.1 Let (X, d) be a complete cone metric space, let C be a nonempty closed subset of
X, and let F
n

n=1
, S, T : C X be non-self mappings. Denote, for x, y C,
(2.1) M
F
n
,S,T
1
= d(Tx, Sy), d(Tx, F
i
x), d(Sy, F
j
y),
d(Tx, F
j
y) +d(F
i
x, Sy)
2
,
where i = 2n1, j = 2n for some n N. Then (F
i
, F
j
) is called a pair of generalized (T, S)
M
1
-contractive
mappings of C into X if for some (0, 1) there exists u(x, y) M
F
n
,S,T
1
such that for all x, y C with
x ,= y,
(2.2) d(F
i
x, F
j
y) _ u(x, y).
3
FPTA_244_edited [04/25 09:41] 3/16
Notice that by setting F
i
= F
j
= f, T = S = g and (0,

2 1) in (2.1), one deduces a slightly

generalized form of (1.1).
We state and prove our main result as follows.
Theorem 2.2 Let (X, d) be a complete cone metric space, let C be a nonempty closed subset of X
such that for each x C and y , C there exists a point z C such that
d(x, z) +d(z, y) = d(x, y).
Suppose that F
n
, S, T : C X are such that (F
i
, F
j
) is a pair of generalized (T, S)
M
1
-contractive
mappings of C into X for all i = 2n 1, j = 2n(n N), and
(I) C SC TC, F
i
C C SC, F
j
C C TC,
(I) Tx C implies that F
i
x C, Sx C implies that F
j
x C,
(III) SC and TC (or F
i
C and F
j
C) are closed in X.
Then
(IV) (F
i
, T) has a point of coincidence,
(V) (F
j
, S) has a point of coincidence.
Moreover, if (F
i
, T) and (F
j
, S) are coincidentally commuting pairs, then F
n

n=1
, S and T have a
unique common xed point.
Proof Let x C be arbitrary. Then (due to C TC) there exists a point x
0
C such that
x = Tx
0
. Since Tx
0
C, from (I) and (II), we have F
1
x
0
F
1
C C SC. Thus, there exists x
1
C
such that y
1
= Sx
1
= F
1
x
0
C. Since y
1
= F
1
x
0
, there exists a point y
2
= F
2
x
1
such that
d(y
1
, y
2
) = d(F
1
x
0
, F
2
x
1
).
Suppose y
2
C. Then y
2
F
2
C C TC, which implies that there exists a point x
2
C such that
y
2
= Tx
2
. Otherwise, if y
2
, C, then there exists a point p C such that
d(Sx
1
, p) +d(p, y
2
) = d(Sx
1
, y
2
).
Since p C TC, there exists a point x
2
C with p = Tx
2
so that
d(Sx
1
, Tx
2
) +d(Tx
2
, y
2
) = d(Sx
1
, y
2
).
Let y
3
= F
3
x
2
be such that d(y
2
, y
3
) = d(F
2
x
1
, F
3
x
2
). Thus, repeating the foregoing arguments, one
obtains two sequences x
n
and y
n
such that
(a) y
2n
= F
2n
x
2n1
, y
2n+1
= F
2n+1
x
2n
,
(b) y
2n
C implies that y
2n
= Tx
2n
or y
2n
, C implies that Tx
2n
C and
d(Sx
2n1
, Tx
2n
) +d(Tx
2n
, y
2n
) = d(Sx
2n1
, y
2n
).
(c) y
2n+1
C implies that y
2n+1
= Sx
2n+1
or y
2n+1
, C implies that Sx
2n+1
C and
d(Tx
2n
, Sx
2n+1
) +d(Sx
2n+1
, y
2n+1
) = d(Tx
2n
, y
2n+1
).
4
FPTA_244_edited [04/25 09:41] 4/16
We denote
P
0
= Tx
2i
Tx
2n
: Tx
2i
= y
2i
,
P
1
= Tx
2i
Tx
2n
: Tx
2i
,= y
2i
,
Q
0
= Sx
2i+1
Sx
2n+1
: Sx
2i+1
= y
2i+1
,
Q
1
= Sx
2i+1
Sx
2n+1
: Sx
2i+1
,= y
2i+1
.
Note that (Tx
2n
, Sx
2n+1
) , P
1
Q
1
, as if Tx
2n
P
1
, then y
2n
,= Tx
2n
and one infers that Tx
2n
C,
which implies that y
2n+1
= F
2n+1
x
2n
C. Hence y
2n+1
= Sx
2n+1
Q
0
. Similarly, one can argue that
(Sx
2n1
, Tx
2n
) , Q
1
P
1
.
Now, we distinguish the following three cases.
Case 1. If (Tx
2n
, Sx
2n+1
) P
0
Q
0
, then from (2.2)
d(Tx
2n
, Sx
2n+1
) = d(F
2n+1
x
2n
, F
2n
x
2n1
) _ u
2n1
,
where
u
2n1
d(Sx
2n1
, Tx
2n
), d(Sx
2n1
, F
2n
x
2n1
), d(Tx
2n
, F
2n+1
x
2n
),
d(Tx
2n
, F
2n
x
2n1
) +d(Sx
2n1
, F
2n+1
x
2n
)
2

= d(y
2n1
, y
2n
), d(y
2n
, y
2n+1
),
d(y
2n1
, y
2n+1
)
2
.
Clearly, there are innitely many n such that at least one of the following three cases holds:
(1) d(Tx
2n
, Sx
2n+1
) _ d(y
2n1
, y
2n
) = d(Sx
2n1
, Tx
2n
);
(2) d(Tx
2n
, Sx
2n+1
) _ d(y
2n
, y
2n+1
) implies that d(Tx
2n
, Sx
2n+1
) = _ d(Sx
2n1
, Tx
2n
);
(3) d(Tx
2n
, Sx
2n+1
) _
d(y
2n1
,y
2n+1
)
2
_

2
d(y
2n1
, y
2n
)+
1
2
d(y
2n
, y
2n+1
) implies that d(Tx
2n
, Sx
2n+1
) _
d(Sx
2n1
, Tx
2n
).
From (1), (2), (3) it follows that
(2.3) d(Tx
2n
, Sx
2n+1
) _ d(Sx
2n1
, Tx
2n
).
Similarly, if (Sx
2n+1
, Tx
2n+2
) Q
0
P
0
, we have
(2.4) d(Sx
2n+1
, Tx
2n+2
) = d(F
2n+1
x
2n
, F
2n+2
x
2n+1
) _ d(Tx
2n
, Sx
2n+1
).
If (Sx
2n1
, Tx
2n
) Q
0
P
0
, we have
(2.5) d(Sx
2n1
, Tx
2n
) = d(F
2n1
x
2n2
, F
2n
x
2n1
) _ d(Tx
2n2
, Sx
2n1
).
Case 2. If (Tx
2n
, Sx
2n+1
) P
0
Q
1
, then Sx
2n+1
Q
1
and
(2.6) d(Tx
2n
, Sx
2n+1
) +d(Sx
2n+1
, y
2n+1
) = d(Tx
2n
, y
2n+1
)
which in turn yields
(2.7) d(Tx
2n
, Sx
2n+1
) _ d(Tx
2n
, y
2n+1
) = d(y
2n
, y
2n+1
)
5
FPTA_244_edited [04/25 09:41] 5/16
and hence
(2.8) d(Tx
2n
, Sx
2n+1
) _ d(y
2n
, y
2n+1
) = d(F
2n+1
x
2n
, F
2n
x
2n1
).
Now, proceeding as in Case 1, we have that (2.3) holds.
If (Sx
2n+1
, Tx
2n+2
) Q
1
P
0
, then Tx
2n
P
0
. We show that
(2.9) d(Sx
2n+1
, Tx
2n+2
) _ d(Tx
2n
, Sx
2n1
).
Using (2.6), we get
d(Sx
2n+1
, Tx
2n+2
) _ d(Sx
2n+1
, y
2n+1
) +d(y
2n+1
, Tx
2n+2
)
(2.10) = d(Tx
2n
, y
2n+1
) d(Tx
2n
, Sx
2n+1
) +d(y
2n+1
, Tx
2n+2
).
By noting that Tx
2n+2
, Tx
2n
P
0
, one can conclude that
(2.11) d(y
2n+1
, Tx
2n+2
) = d(y
2n+1
, y
2n+2
) = d(F
2n+1
x
2n
, F
2n+2
x
2n+1
) _ d(Tx
2n
, Sx
2n+1
),
and
(2.12) d(Tx
2n
, y
2n+1
) = d(y
2n
, y
2n+1
) = d(F
2n+1
x
2n
, F
2n
x
2n1
) _ d(Sx
2n1
, Tx
2n
),
in view of Case 1.
Thus,
d(Sx
2n+1
, Tx
2n+2
) _ d(Sx
2n1
, Tx
2n
) (1 )d(Tx
2n
, Sx
2n+1
) _ d(Sx
2n1
, Tx
2n
),
and we proved (2.9).
Case 3. If (Tx
2n
, Sx
2n+1
) P
1
Q
0
, then Sx
2n1
Q
0
. We show that
(2.13) d(Tx
2n
, Sx
2n+1
) _ d(Sx
2n1
, Tx
2n2
).
Since Tx
2n
P
1
, then
(2.14) d(Sx
2n1
, Tx
2n
) +d(Tx
2n
, y
2n
) = d(Sx
2n1
, y
2n
)
From this, we get
d(Tx
2n
, Sx
2n+1
) _ d(Tx
2n
, y
2n
) +d(y
2n
, Sx
2n+1
)
(2.15) = d(Sx
2n1
, y
2n
) d(Sx
2n1
, Tx
2n
) +d(y
2n
, Sx
2n+1
).
By noting that Sx
2n+1
, Sx
2n1
Q
0
, one can conclude that
(2.16) d(y
2n
, Sx
2n+1
) = d(y
2n
, y
2n+1
) = d(F
2n+1
x
2n
, F
2n
x
2n1
) _ d(Sx
2n1
, Tx
2n
),
6
FPTA_244_edited [04/25 09:41] 6/16
and
(2.17) d(Sx
2n1
, y
2n
) = d(y
2n1
, y
2n
) = d(F
2n1
x
2n2
, F
2n
x
2n1
) _ d(Sx
2n1
, Tx
2n2
),
in view of Case 1.
Thus,
d(Tx
2n
, Sx
2n+1
) _ d(Sx
2n1
, Tx
2n2
) (1 )d(Sx
2n1
, Tx
2n
) _ d(Sx
2n1
, Tx
2n2
),
and we proved (2.13).
Similarly, if (Sx
2n+1
, Tx
2n+2
) Q
0
P
1
, then Tx
2n+2
P
1
, and
d(Sx
2n+1
, Tx
2n+2
) +d(Tx
2n+2
, y
2n+2
) = d(Sx
2n+1
, y
2n+2
).
From this, we have
d(Sx
2n+1
, Tx
2n+2
) _ d(Sx
2n+1
, y
2n+2
) +d(y
2n+2
, Tx
2n+2
)
_ d(Sx
2n+1
, y
2n+2
) +d(Sx
2n+1
, y
2n+2
) d(Sx
2n+1
, Tx
2n+2
)
= 2d(Sx
2n+1
, y
2n+2
) d(Sx
2n+1
, Tx
2n+2
).
This implies that d(Sx
2n+1
, Tx
2n+2
) _ d(Sx
2n+1
, y
2n+2
).
By noting that Sx
2n+1
Q
0
, one can conclude that
(2.18) d(Sx
2n+1
, Tx
2n+2
) _ d(Sx
2n+1
, y
2n+2
) = d(F
2n+1
x
2n
, F
2n+2
x
2n+1
) _ d(Tx
2n
, Sx
2n+1
),
in view of Case 1.
Thus, in all the cases 1-3, there exists w
2n
d(Sx
2n1
, Tx
2n
), d(Tx
2n2
, Sx
2n1
) such that
d(Tx
2n
, Sx
2n+1
) _ w
2n
and there exists w
2n+1
d(Sx
2n1
, Tx
2n
), d(Tx
2n
, Sx
2n+1
) such that
d(Sx
2n+1
, Tx
2n+2
) _ w
2n+1
.
Following the procedure of Assad and Kirk [3], it can easily be shown by induction that, for n 1,
there exists w
2
d(Tx
0
, Sx
1
), d(Sx
1
, Tx
2
) such that
(2.19) d(Tx
2n
, Sx
2n+1
) _
n
1
2
w
2
and d(Sx
2n+1
, Tx
2n+2
) _
n
w
2
.
From (2.19) and by the triangle inequality, for n > m, we have
d(Tx
2n
, Sx
2m+1
) _ d(Tx
2n
, Sx
2n1
) +d(Sx
2n1
, Tx
2n2
) + +d(Tx
2m+2
, Sx
2m+1
)
_ (
m
+
m+
1
2
+ +
n1
)w
2
_

m
1

w
2
, as m .
From Remark 1.2 and Corollary 1.1 (1), d(Tx
2n
, Sx
2m+1
) c.
7
FPTA_244_edited [04/25 09:41] 7/16
Thus, the sequence Tx
0
, Sx
1
, Tx
2
, Sx
3
, , Sx
2n1
, Tx
2n
, Sx
2n1
, is a Cauchy sequence. Then,
as noted in [5], there exists at least one subsequence Tx
2n
k
or Sx
2n
k
+1
which is contained in P
0
or Q
0
,
respectively, having as a limit point z. Furthermore, subsequences Tx
2n
k
and Sx
2n
k
+1
both converge
to z C as C is a closed subset of a complete cone metric space (X, d). We assume that there exists a sub-
sequence Tx
2n
k
P
0
for each k N, and TC as well as SC are closed in X. Since Tx
2n
k
is a Cauchy
sequence in TC, it converges to a point z TC. Let w T
1
z, then Tw = z. Similarly, Sx
2n
k
+1
being
a subsequence of the Cauchy sequence Tx
0
, Sx
1
, Tx
2
, Sx
3
, , Sx
2n1
, Tx
2n
, Sx
2n1
, also converges
to z as SC is closed. Using (2.2), one can write
d(F
i
w, z) _ d(F
i
w, F
j
x
2n
k
1
) +d(F
j
x
2n
k
1
, z) _ u
2n
k
1
+d(F
j
x
2n
k
1
, z),
where
u
2n
k
1
d(Tw, Sx
2n
k
1
), d(Tw, F
i
w), d(Sx
2n
k
1
, F
j
x
2n
k
1
),
d(Tw, F
j
x
2n
k
1
) +d(F
i
w, Sx
2n
k
1
)
2

= d(z, Sx
2n
k
1
), d(z, F
i
w), d(Sx
2n
k
1
, F
j
x
2n
k
1
),
d(z, F
j
x
2n
k
1
) +d(F
i
w, Sx
2n
k
1
)
2
,
for any odd integer i N and even integer j N.
Let c. Clearly at least one of the following four cases holds for innitely many n.
(1) d(F
i
w, z) _ d(z, Sx
2n
k
1
) +d(F
j
x
2n
k
1
, z)
c
2
+
c
2
= c;
(2) d(F
i
w, z) _ d(z, F
i
w) +d(F
j
x
2n
k
1
, z) d(F
i
w, z) _
1
1
d(F
j
x
2n
k
1
, z)
1
1
(1 )c = c;
(3) d(F
i
w, z) _ d(Sx
2n
k
1
, F
j
x
2n
k
1
)+d(F
j
x
2n
k
1
, z) _ (d(Sx
2n
k
1
, z)+d(z, F
j
x
2n
k
1
))+d(F
j
x
2n
k
1
, z)
_ ( + 1)d(F
j
x
2n
k
1
, z) +d(Sx
2n
k
1
, z) ( + 1)
c
2(+1)
+
c
2
= c;
(4) d(F
i
w, z) _
d(z,F
j
x
2n
k
1
)+d(F
i
w,Sx
2n
k
1
)
2
+d(F
j
x
2n
k
1
, z)
_
d(z,F
j
x
2n
k
1
)+d(z,Sx
2n
k
1
)
2
+
1
2
d(F
i
w, z) +d(F
j
x
2n
k
1
, z)
d(F
i
w, z) _ (2 +)d(F
j
x
2n
k
1
, z) +d(z, Sx
2n
k
1
) (2 +)
c
2(2+)
+
c
2
= c
In all cases, we obtain d(F
i
w, z) c for each c intP. Using Corollary 1.1 (3), it follows that
d(F
i
w, z) = or F
i
w = z. Thus, F
i
w = z = Tw, that is, z is a coincidence point of F
i
, T for any odd
integer i N.
Further, since the Cauchy sequence T
x
2n
k
converges to z C and z = F
i
w, z F
i
C C SC,
there exists v C such that Sv = z. Again, using (2.2), we get
d(Sv, F
j
v) = d(z, F
j
v) = d(F
i
w, F
j
v) _ u,
where
u d(Tw, Sv), d(Tw, F
i
w), d(Sv, F
j
v),
d(Tw, F
j
v) +d(F
i
w, Sv)
2

= , , d(Sv, F
j
v),
d(z, F
j
v) +
2
= , d(Sv, F
j
v),
d(Sv, F
j
v)
2
,
for any odd integer i N and even integer j N.
Hence, we get the following cases:
d(Sv, F
j
v) _ = , d(Sv, F
j
v) _ d(Sv, F
j
v) and d(Sv, F
j
v) _

2
d(Sv, F
j
v) _ d(Sv, F
j
v).
8
FPTA_244_edited [04/25 09:41] 8/16
Using Remark 1.3 and Corollary 1.1 (3), it follows that Sv = F
j
v; therefore, Sv = z = F
j
v, that is, z
is a coincidence point of (F
j
, S) for any even integer j N.
In case F
i
C and F
j
C are closed in X, then z F
i
C C SC or z F
j
C C TC. The analogous
arguments establish (IV) and (V). If we assume that there exists a subsequence Sx
2n
k
+1
Q
0
with TC
as well as SC closed in X, then noting that Sx
2n
k
+1
is a Cauchy sequence in SC, foregoing arguments
establish (IV) and (V).
Suppose now that (F
i
, T) and (F
j
, S) are coincidentally commuting pairs, then
z = F
i
w = Tw F
i
z = F
i
Tw = TF
i
w = Tz and z = F
j
v = Sv F
j
z = F
j
Sv = SF
j
v = Sz
Then, from (2.2),
d(F
i
z, z) = d(F
i
z, F
j
v) _ u,
where
u d(Sv, Tz), d(Tz, F
i
z), d(Sv, F
j
v),
d(Tz, F
j
v) +d(Sv, F
i
z)
2

= d(z, F
i
z), d(z, z),
d(F
i
z, z) +d(z, F
i
z)
2
= d(z, F
i
z), .
Hence, we get the following cases:
d(F
i
z, z) _ d(z, F
i
z) d(F
i
z, z) = 0,
d(F
i
z, z) _ = d(F
i
z, z) = 0.
Using Remark 1.3 and Corollary 1.1 (3), it follows that F
i
z = z. Thus, F
i
z = z = Tz
Similarly, we can prove F
j
z = z = Sz. Therefore z = F
i
z = F
j
z = Sz = Tz, that is, z is a common
xed point of F
n
, S and T.
The uniqueness of the common xed point follows easily from (2.2).
Example 2.1 Let E = C
1
([0, 1], R), P = E : (t) 0, t [0, 1], X = [0, +), C = [0, 2] and
d : XX E dened by d(x, y) = [xy[, where P is a xed function, e.g., (t) = e
t
. Then (X, d)
is a complete cone metric space with a non-normal cone having the nonempty interior. Dene F
i
, F
j
, S
and T : C X as
F
i
x = x +
4
5
, i = 2n 1, F
j
x = x
2
+
4
5
, j = 2n, Tx = 5x and Sx = 5x
2
, x C.
Since C = 0, 2. Clearly, for each x C and y , C, there exists a point z = 2 C such that
d(x, z) + d(z, y) = d(x, y). Further, SC TC = [0, 20] [0, 10] = [0, 10] 0, 2 = C, F
i
C C =
[
4
5
,
14
5
] [0, 2] = [
4
5
, 2] SC, F
j
C C = [
4
5
,
24
5
] [0, 2] = [
4
5
, 2] TC, and, SC, TC, F
i
C and F
j
C are
closed in X.
Also,
T0 = 0 C F
i
0 =
4
5
C, S0 = 0 C F
j
0 =
4
5
C.
T(
2
5
) = 2 C F
i
(
2
5
) =
6
5
C, S(

2
5
) = 2 C F
j
(

2
5
) =
6
5
C.
9
FPTA_244_edited [04/25 09:41] 9/16
Moreover, for each x, y C,
d(F
i
x, F
j
y) = [x y
2
[ =
1
5
d(Tx, Sy)
that is, (2.2) is satised with =
1
5
.
Evidentally, 1 = T(
1
5
) = F
i
(
1
5
) ,=
1
5
and 1 = S(
1

5
) = F
j
(
1

5
) ,=
1

5
. Notice that two separate
coincidence points are not common xed points as F
i
T(
1
5
) ,= TF
i
(
1
5
) and SF
j
(
1

5
) ,= F
j
S(
1

5
), which
shows the necessity of coincidentally commuting property in Theorem 2.2.
Next, we furnish an illustrative example in support of our result. In doing so, we are essentially
inspired by Imdad and Kumar[14].
Example 2.2 Let E = C
1
([0, 1], R), P = E : (t) 0, t [0, 1], X = [1, +), C = [1, 3] and
d : XX E dened by d(x, y) = [xy[, where P is a xed function, e.g., (t) = e
t
. Then (X, d)
is a complete cone metric space with a non-normal cone having the nonempty interior. Dene F
i
, F
j
, S
and T : C X as
F
i
x =

x
2
1+n
n
if 1 x 2
n+1
n
if 2 < x 3
i = 2n 1(n 1), Tx =

4x
4
3 if 1 x 2
13 if 2 < x 3
,
F
j
x =

x
3
1+n
n
if 1 x 2
n+1
n
if 2 < x 3
j = 2n(n 1), and Sx =

4x
6
3 if 1 x 2
13 if 2 < x 3
.
Note that C = 1, 3. Clearly, for each x C and y , C, there exists a point z = 3 C
such that d(x, z) + d(z, y) = d(x, y). Further, SC TC = [1, 253] [1, 61] = [1, 61] 1, 3 = C,
F
i
C C = [1,
n+3
n
] [1, 3] SC and F
j
C C = [1,
n+7
n
] [1, 3] TC.
Also,
T1 = 1 C F
i
1 = 1 C, S1 = 1 C F
j
1 = 1 C.
T(
4

3
2
) = 3 C F
i
(
4

3
2
) =

3
2
1
n
+ 1 C, S(
6

3
2
) = 3 C F
j
(
6

3
2
) =

3
2
1
n
+ 1 C.
Moreover, if x [1, 2] and y [2, 3], then
d(F
i
x, F
j
y) =
1
n
[x
2
2[ =
[x
4
4[
n[x
2
+ 2[
=
4[x
4
4[
4n[x
2
+ 2[
=
1
4n(x
2
+ 2)
d(Tx, Sy).
Next, if x, y (2, 3], then
d(F
i
x, F
j
y) = 0 = d(Tx, Sy).
Finally, if x, y [1, 2], then
d(F
i
x, F
j
y) =
1
n
[x
2
y
3
[ =
[x
4
y
6
[
n[x
2
+y
3
[
=
4[x
4
y
6
[
4n[x
2
+y
3
[
=
1
4n(x
2
+y
3
)
d(Tx, Sy).
Therefore, condition (2.2) is satised if we choose = max
1
4n(x
2
+2)
,
1
4n(x
2
+y
3
)
(0, 1). Moreover, 1
is a point of coincidence as T1 = F
i
1 as well as S1 = F
j
1, whereas both the pairs (F
i
, T) and (F
j
, S) are
weakly compatible as TF
i
1 = 1 = F
i
T1 and SF
j
1 = 1 = F
j
S1. Also, SC, TC, F
i
C and F
j
C are closed
in X. Thus, all the conditions of Theorem 2.2 are satised and 1 is the unique common xed point of
F
i
, F
j
, S and T. One may note that 1 is also a point of coincidence for both the pairs (F
i
, T) and (F
j
, S).
10
FPTA_244_edited [04/25 09:41] 10/16
Remark 2.1 Setting F
i
= F and F
j
= G in Theorem 2.2, we obtain the following result.
Corollary 2.1 Let (X, d) be a complete cone metric space, let C be a nonempty closed subset of X
such that for each x C and y , C there exists a point z C such that
d(x, z) +d(z, y) = d(x, y).
Suppose that F, G, S, T : C X are such that (F, G) is a pair of generalized (T, S)
M
1
-contractive
mappings of C into X, and
(I) C SC TC, FC C SC, GC C TC,
(I) Tx C implies that Fx C, Sx C implies that Gx C,
(III) SC and TC (or FC and GC) are closed in X.
Then
(IV) (F, T) has a point of coincidence,
(V) (G, S) has a point of coincidence.
Moreover, if (F, T) and (G, S) are coincidentally commuting pairs, then F, G, S and T have a unique
common xed point.
Remark 2.2 1. Theorem 2.2 in [16] is a special case of Theorem 2.2 with F
i
= F
j
= f, T = S = g
and (0,

2 1).
2. Setting F
i
= F
j
= f and T = S = I
X
(the identity mapping on X) in Theorem 2.2, we obtain the
following result.
Corollary 2.2 Let (X, d) be a complete cone metric space, and let C be a nonempty closed subset
of X such that for each x C and y , C there exists a point z C such that
d(x, z) +d(z, y) = d(x, y).
Suppose that f : C X satises the condition
d(fx, fy) _ u(x, y),
where
u(x, y) d(x, y), d(x, fx), d(y, fy),
d(x, fy) +d(y, fx)
2

for all x, y C, [0, 1) and f has the additional property that for each x C, fx C. Then f has a
unique xed point.
Remark 2.3 The following denition is a special case of Denition 2.1 when (X, d) is a metric space.
But when (X, d) is a cone metric space, which is not a metric space, this is not true. Indeed, there may
exist x, y X such that the vectors d(Tx, F
i
x), d(Sy, F
j
y) and
d(Tx,F
i
x)+d(Sy,F
j
y)
2
are incomparable. For
the same reason Theorems 2.2 and 2.3 (given below) are incomparable.
Denition 2.2 Let (X, d) be a complete cone metric space, let C be a nonempty closed subset of
X, and let F
n

n=1
, S, T : C X be non-self mappings. Denote, for x, y C,
(2.20) M
F
n
,S,T
2
= d(Tx, Sy),
d(Tx, F
i
x) +d(Sy, F
j
y)
2
,
d(Tx, F
j
y) +d(F
i
x, Sy)
2
,
11
FPTA_244_edited [04/25 09:41] 11/16
where i = 2n1, j = 2n for some n N. Then (F
i
, F
j
) is called a pair of generalized (T, S)
M
2
-contractive
mappings of C into X if for some [0, 1) there exists u(x, y) M
F
n
,S,T
2
such that for all x, y C with
x ,= y,
(2.21) d(F
i
x, F
j
y) _ u(x, y).
Our next result is the following.
Theorem 2.3 Let (X, d) be a complete cone metric space, let C be a nonempty closed subset of X
such that for each x C and y , C there exists a point z C such that
d(x, z) +d(z, y) = d(x, y).
Suppose that F
n
, S, T : C X are such that (F
i
, F
j
) is a pair of generalized (T, S)
M
2
-contractive
mappings of C into X for all i = 2n 1, j = 2n(n N), and
(I) C SC TC, F
i
C C SC, F
j
C C TC,
(II) Tx C implies that F
i
x C, Sx C implies that F
j
x C,
(III) SC and TC (or F
i
C and F
j
C) are closed in X.
Then
(IV) (F
i
, T) has a point of coincidence,
(V) (F
j
, S) has a point of coincidence.
Moreover, if (F
i
, T) and (F
j
, S) are coincidentally commuting pairs, then F
n
, S and T have a unique
common xed point.
The proof of this theorem is very similar to the proof of Theorem 2.2 and it is omitted.
Remark 2.4 Setting F
i
= F and F
j
= G in Theorem 2.3, we obtain the following result.
Corollary 2.3 Let (X, d) be a complete cone metric space, let C be a nonempty closed subset of X
such that for each x C and y , C there exists a point z C such that
d(x, z) +d(z, y) = d(x, y).
Suppose that F, G, S, T : C X are such that (F, G) is a pair of generalized (T, S)
M
2
contractive
mappings of C into X, and
(I) C SC TC, FC C SC, GC C TC,
(II) Tx C implies that Fx C, Sx C implies that Gx C,
(III) SC and TC (or FC and GC) are closed in X.
Then
(IV) (F, T) has a point of coincidence,
(V) (G, S) has a point of coincidence.
Moreover, if (F, T) and (G, S) are coincidentally commuting pairs, then F, G, S and T have a unique
common xed point.
We now list some corollaries of Theorems 2.2 and 2.3.
Corollary 2.4 Let (X, d) be a complete cone metric space, let C be a nonempty closed subset of X
such that for each x C and y , C there exists a point z C such that
d(x, z) +d(z, y) = d(x, y).
12
FPTA_244_edited [04/25 09:41] 12/16
Let F
n
, S, T : C X be such that
(2.22) d(F
i
x, F
j
y) _ d(Tx, Sy)
for some [0, 1) and for all i = 2n 1, j = 2n(n N), x, y C with x ,= y.
Suppose, further, that F
n
, S, T and C satisfy the following conditions:
(I) C SC TC, F
i
C C SC, F
j
C C TC,
(II) Tx C implies that F
i
x C, Sx C implies that F
j
x C,
(III) SC and TC (or F
i
C and F
j
C) are closed in X.
Then
(IV) (F
i
, T) has a point of coincidence,
(V) (F
j
, S) has a point of coincidence.
Moreover, if (F
i
, T) and (F
j
, S) are coincidentally commuting pairs, then F
n

n=1
, S and T have a
unique common xed point.
Corollary 2.5 Let (X, d) be a complete cone metric space, let C be a nonempty closed subset of X
such that for each x C and y , C there exists a point z C such that
d(x, z) +d(z, y) = d(x, y).
Let F
n
, S, T : C X be such that
(2.23) d(F
i
x, F
j
y) _ (d(Tx, F
i
x) +d(Sy, F
j
y)),
for some [0, 1/2) and for all i = 2n 1, j = 2n(n N), x, y C with x ,= y.
Suppose, further, that F
n
, S, T and C satisfy the following conditions:
(I) C SC TC, F
i
C C SC, F
j
C C TC,
(II) Tx C implies that F
i
x C, Sx C implies that F
j
x C,
(III) SC and TC (or F
i
C and F
j
C) are closed in X.
Then
(IV) (F
i
, T) has a point of coincidence,
(V) (F
j
, S) has a point of coincidence.
Moreover, if (F
i
, T) and (F
j
, S) are coincidentally commuting pairs, then F
n

n=1
, S and T have a
unique common xed point.
Corollary 2.6 Let (X, d) be a complete cone metric space, let C be a nonempty closed subset of X
such that for each x C and y , C there exists a point z C such that
d(x, z) +d(z, y) = d(x, y).
Let F
n
, S, T : C X be such that
(2.24) d(F
i
x, F
j
y) _ (d(Tx, F
j
y) +d(F
i
x, Sy)),
for some [0, 1/2) and for all i = 2n 1, j = 2n(n N), x, y C with x ,= y.
Suppose, further, that F
n
, S, T and C satisfy the following conditions:
13
FPTA_244_edited [04/25 09:41] 13/16
(I) C SC TC, F
i
C C SC, F
j
C C TC,
(II) Tx C implies that F
i
x C, Sx C implies that F
j
x C,
(III) SC and TC (or F
i
C and F
j
C) are closed in X.
Then
(IV) (F
i
, T) has a point of coincidence,
(V) (F
j
, S) has a point of coincidence.
Moreover, if (F
i
, T) and (F
j
, S) are coincidentally commuting pairs, then F
n

n=1
, S and T have a
unique common xed point.
Remark 2.5 Setting F
i
= F
j
= f and T = S = g in Corollaries 2.4-2.6, we obtain the following
result.
Corollary 2.7 Let (X, d) be a complete cone metric space, let C be a nonempty closed subset of X
such that for each x C and y , C there exists a point z C such that
d(x, z) +d(z, y) = d(x, y).
Let f, g : C X be such that
(2.25) d(fx, fy) _ d(gx, gy)
for some [0, 1) and for all x, y C. Suppose, further, that f, g and C satisfy the following conditions:
(I) C gC, fC C gC,
(II) gx C implies that fx C,
(III) gC is closed in X.
Then there exists a coincidence point z of f, g in C. Moreover, if (f, g) are coincidentally commuting,
then z is the unique common xed point of f and g.
Corollary 2.8 Let (X, d) be a complete cone metric space, let C be a nonempty closed subset of X
such that for each x C and y , C there exists a point z C such that
d(x, z) +d(z, y) = d(x, y).
Let f, g : C X be such that
(2.26) d(fx, fy) _ (d(fx, gx) +d(fy, gy))
for some [0, 1/2) and for all x, y C. Suppose, further, that f, g and C satisfy the following
conditions:
(I) C gC, fC C gC,
(II) gx C implies that fx C,
(III) gC is closed in X.
Then there exists a coincidence point z of f, g in C. Moreover, if (f, g) are coincidentally commuting,
then z is the unique common xed point of f and g.
Corollary 2.9 Let (X, d) be a complete cone metric space, let C be a nonempty closed subset of X
such that for each x C and y , C there exists a point z C such that
d(x, z) +d(z, y) = d(x, y).
14
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Let f, g : C X be such that
(2.27) d(fx, fy) _ (d(fx, gy) +d(fy, gx))
for some [0, 1/2) and for all x, y C. Suppose, further, that f, g and C satisfy the following
conditions:
(I) C gC, fC C gC,
(II) gx C implies that fx C,
(III) gC is closed in X.
Then there exists a coincidence point z of f, g in C. Moreover, if (f, g) are coincidentally commuting,
then z is the unique common xed point of f and g.
Remark 2.6 Corollaries 2.7-2.9 are the corresponding theorems of Abbas and Jungck from [1] in
the case that f, g are non-self mappings.
3 Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
4 Authors contributions
All authors contributed equally and signicantly in writing this paper. All authors read and approved
the nal manuscript.
5 Acknowledgements
Acknowledgments The authors would like to express their sincere appreciation to the referees for their
very helpful suggestions and kind comments.
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