Universidad de Chile Facultad de Filosofa y Humanidades Departamento de Literatura

Seminario de Anlisis del Discurso. Cuatro Cuartetos: Anlisis retrico.

FOUR QUARTETS
T.S. Eliot An accurate online text
"Although logos is common to all, most people live as if they had a wisdom of their own." 1. p.77. Fr.2 "The way upward and the way downward are the same." 1. p.89. Fr.60 Diels Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker !Hera"leitos#

$eminario de An%lisis del Discurso &rof. $. 'aruman (.

Universidad de Chile Facultad de Filosofa y Humanidades Departamento de Literatura

BUIRNT NORTON (No. o! "Four Quartets"# I Time $resent and time $ast Are %ot& $er&a$s $resent in time !uture' And time !uture contained in time $ast. (! all time is eternall) $resent All time is unredeema%le. *&at mi+&t &a,e %een is an a%straction Remainin+ a $er$etual $ossi%ilit) Onl) in a -orld o! s$eculation. *&at mi+&t &a,e %een and -&at &as %een .oint to one end' -&ic& is al-a)s $resent. Foot!alls ec&o in t&e memor) Do-n t&e $assa+e -&ic& -e did not ta/e To-ards t&e door -e ne,er o$ened (nto t&e rose0+arden. 1) -ords ec&o T&us' in )our mind. 2ut to -&at $ur$ose Distur%in+ t&e dust on a %o-l o! rose0lea,es ( do not /no-. Ot&er ec&oes (n&a%it t&e +arden. S&all -e !ollo-3 Quic/' said t&e %ird' !ind t&em' !ind t&em' Round t&e corner. T&rou+& t&e !irst +ate' (nto our !irst -orld' s&all -e !olloT&e dece$tion o! t&e t&rus&3 (nto our !irst -orld. T&ere t&e) -ere' di+ni!ied' in,isi%le' 1o,in+ -it&out $ressure' o,er t&e dead lea,es' (n t&e autumn &eat' t&rou+& t&e ,i%rant air' And t&e %ird called' in res$onse to T&e un&eard music &idden in t&e s&ru%%er)' And t&e unseen e)e%eam crossed' !or t&e roses 4ad t&e loo/ o! !lo-ers t&at are loo/ed at. T&ere t&e) -ere as our +uests' acce$ted and acce$tin+. So -e mo,ed' and t&e)' in a !ormal $attern' Alon+ t&e em$t) alle)' into t&e %ox circle' To loo/ do-n into t&e drained $ool. Dr) t&e $ool' dr) concrete' %ro-n ed+ed' And t&e $ool -as !illed -it& -ater out o! sunli+&t' And t&e lotos rose' 5uietl)' 5uietl)' T&e sur!ace +littered out o! &eart o! li+&t' And t&e) -ere %e&ind us' re!lected in t&e $ool. T&en a cloud $assed' and t&e $ool -as em$t). 6o' said t&e %ird' !or t&e lea,es -ere !ull o! c&ildren' 4idden excitedl)' containin+ lau+&ter. 6o' +o' +o' said t&e %ird: &uman /ind 7annot %ear ,er) muc& realit). Time $ast and time !uture

$eminario de An%lisis del Discurso &rof. $. 'aruman (.

Universidad de Chile Facultad de Filosofa y Humanidades Departamento de Literatura

*&at mi+&t &a,e %een and -&at &as %een .oint to one end' -&ic& is al-a)s $resent. II 6arlic and sa$$&ires in t&e mud 7lot t&e %edded axle0tree. T&e trillin+ -ire in t&e %lood Sin+s %elo- in,eterate scars A$$easin+ lon+ !or+otten -ars. T&e dance alon+ t&e arter) T&e circulation o! t&e l)m$& Are !i+ured in t&e dri!t o! stars Ascend to summer in t&e tree *e mo,e a%o,e t&e mo,in+ tree (n li+&t u$on t&e !i+ured lea! And &ear u$on t&e sodden !loor 2elo-' t&e %oar&ound and t&e %oar .ursue t&eir $attern as %e!ore 2ut reconciled amon+ t&e stars. At t&e still $oint o! t&e turnin+ -orld. Neit&er !les& nor !les&less8 Neit&er !rom nor to-ards8 at t&e still $oint' t&ere t&e dance is' 2ut neit&er arrest nor mo,ement. And do not call it !ixit)' *&ere $ast and !uture are +at&ered. Neit&er mo,ement !rom nor to-ards' Neit&er ascent nor decline. Exce$t !or t&e $oint' t&e still $oint' T&ere -ould %e no dance' and t&ere is onl) t&e dance. ( can onl) sa)' there -e &a,e %een: %ut ( cannot sa) -&ere. And ( cannot sa)' &o- lon+' !or t&at is to $lace it in time. T&e inner !reedom !rom t&e $ractical desire' T&e release !rom action and su!!erin+' release !rom t&e inner And t&e outer com$ulsion' )et surrounded 2) a +race o! sense' a -&ite li+&t still and mo,in+' Erhebung -it&out motion' concentration *it&out elimination' %ot& a ne- -orld And t&e old made ex$licit' understood (n t&e com$letion o! its $artial ecstas)' T&e resolution o! its $artial &orror. 9et t&e enc&ainment o! $ast and !uture *o,en in t&e -ea/ness o! t&e c&an+in+ %od)' .rotects man/ind !rom &ea,en and damnation *&ic& !les& cannot endure. Time $ast and time !uture Allo- %ut a little consciousness. To %e conscious is not to %e in time 2ut onl) in time can t&e moment in t&e rose0+arden' T&e moment in t&e ar%our -&ere t&e rain %eat' T&e moment in t&e drau+&t) c&urc& at smo/e!all 2e remem%ered8 in,ol,ed -it& $ast and !uture. Onl) t&rou+& time time is con5uered.

$eminario de An%lisis del Discurso &rof. $. 'aruman (.

Universidad de Chile Facultad de Filosofa y Humanidades Departamento de Literatura

III 4ere is a $lace o! disa!!ection Time %e!ore and time a!ter (n a dim li+&t: neit&er da)li+&t (n,estin+ !orm -it& lucid stillness Turnin+ s&ado- into transient %eaut) *it& slo- rotation su++estin+ $ermanence Nor dar/ness to $uri!) t&e soul Em$t)in+ t&e sensual -it& de$ri,ation 7leansin+ a!!ection !rom t&e tem$oral. Neit&er $lenitude nor ,acanc). Onl) a !lic/er O,er t&e strained time0ridden !aces Distracted !rom distraction %) distraction Filled -it& !ancies and em$t) o! meanin+ Tumid a$at&) -it& no concentration 1en and %its o! $a$er' -&irled %) t&e cold -ind T&at %lo-s %e!ore and a!ter time' *ind in and out o! un-&olesome lun+s Time %e!ore and time a!ter. Eructation o! un&ealt&) souls (nto t&e !aded air' t&e tor$id Dri,en on t&e -ind t&at s-ee$s t&e +loom) &ills o! :ondon' 4am$stead and 7ler/en-ell' 7am$den and .utne)' 4i+&+ate' .rimrose and :ud+ate. Not &ere Not &ere t&e dar/ness' in t&is t-itterin+ -orld. Descend lo-er' descend onl) (nto t&e -orld o! $er$etual solitude' *orld not -orld' %ut t&at -&ic& is not -orld' (nternal dar/ness' de$ri,ation And destitution o! all $ro$ert)' Desiccation o! t&e -orld o! sense' E,acuation o! t&e -orld o! !anc)' (no$eranc) o! t&e -orld o! s$irit8 T&is is t&e one -a)' and t&e ot&er (s t&e same' not in mo,ement 2ut a%stention !rom mo,ement8 -&ile t&e -orld mo,es (n a$$etenc)' on its metalled -a)s O! time $ast and time !uture. IV Time and t&e %ell &a,e %uried t&e da)' T&e %lac/ cloud carries t&e sun a-a). *ill t&e sun!lo-er turn to us' -ill t&e clematis Stra) do-n' %end to us8 tendril and s$ra) 7lutc& and clin+3

$eminario de An%lisis del Discurso &rof. $. 'aruman (.

Universidad de Chile Facultad de Filosofa y Humanidades Departamento de Literatura

7&ill Fin+ers o! )e- %e curled Do-n on us3 A!ter t&e /in+!is&er"s -in+ 4as ans-ered li+&t to li+&t' and is silent' t&e li+&t is still At t&e still $oint o! t&e turnin+ -orld. V *ords mo,e' music mo,es Onl) in time8 %ut t&at -&ic& is onl) li,in+ 7an onl) die. *ords' a!ter s$eec&' reac& (nto t&e silence. Onl) %) t&e !orm' t&e $attern' 7an -ords or music reac& T&e stillness' as a 7&inese ;ar still 1o,es $er$etuall) in its stillness. Not t&e stillness o! t&e ,iolin' -&ile t&e note lasts' Not t&at onl)' %ut t&e co0existence' Or sa) t&at t&e end $recedes t&e %e+innin+' And t&e end and t&e %e+innin+ -ere al-a)s t&ere 2e!ore t&e %e+innin+ and a!ter t&e end. And all is al-a)s no-. *ords strain' 7rac/ and sometimes %rea/' under t&e %urden' Under t&e tension' sli$' slide' $eris&' Deca) -it& im$recision' -ill not sta) in $lace' *ill not sta) still. S&rie/in+ ,oices Scoldin+' moc/in+' or merel) c&atterin+' Al-a)s assail t&em. T&e *ord in t&e desert (s most attac/ed %) ,oices o! tem$tation' T&e cr)in+ s&ado- in t&e !uneral dance' T&e loud lament o! t&e disconsolate c&imera. T&e detail o! t&e $attern is mo,ement' As in t&e !i+ure o! t&e ten stairs. Desire itsel! is mo,ement Not in itsel! desira%le8 :o,e is itsel! unmo,in+' Onl) t&e cause and end o! mo,ement' Timeless' and undesirin+ Exce$t in t&e as$ect o! time 7au+&t in t&e !orm o! limitation 2et-een un0%ein+ and %ein+. Sudden in a s&a!t o! sunli+&t E,en -&ile t&e dust mo,es T&ere rises t&e &idden lau+&ter O! c&ildren in t&e !olia+e Quic/ no-' &ere' no-' al-a)s< Ridiculous t&e -aste sad time Stretc&in+ %e!ore and a!ter.

$eminario de An%lisis del Discurso &rof. $. 'aruman (.

Universidad de Chile Facultad de Filosofa y Humanidades Departamento de Literatura

EAST COKER (No. = o! "Four Quartets"# T.S. Eliot I (n m) %e+innin+ is m) end. (n succession 4ouses rise and !all' crum%le' are extended' Are remo,ed' destro)ed' restored' or in t&eir $lace (s an o$en !ield' or a !actor)' or a %)0$ass. Old stone to ne- %uildin+' old tim%er to ne- !ires' Old !ires to as&es' and as&es to t&e eart& *&ic& is alread) !les&' !ur and !aeces' 2one o! man and %east' cornstal/ and lea!. 4ouses li,e and die: t&ere is a time !or %uildin+ And a time !or li,in+ and !or +eneration And a time !or t&e -ind to %rea/ t&e loosened $ane And to s&a/e t&e -ainscot -&ere t&e !ield0mouse trots And to s&a/e t&e tattered arras -o,en -it& a silent motto. (n m) %e+innin+ is m) end. No- t&e li+&t !alls Across t&e o$en !ield' lea,in+ t&e dee$ lane S&uttered -it& %ranc&es' dar/ in t&e a!ternoon' *&ere )ou lean a+ainst a %an/ -&ile a ,an $asses' And t&e dee$ lane insists on t&e direction (nto t&e ,illa+e' in t&e electric &eat 4)$notised. (n a -arm &a>e t&e sultr) li+&t (s a%sor%ed' not re!racted' %) +re) stone. T&e da&lias slee$ in t&e em$t) silence. *ait !or t&e earl) o-l. (n t&at o$en !ield (! )ou do not come too close' i! )ou do not come too close' On a summer midni+&t' )ou can &ear t&e music O! t&e -ea/ $i$e and t&e little drum And see t&em dancin+ around t&e %on!ire T&e association o! man and -oman (n daunsin+e' si+ni!)in+ matrimonie< A di+ni!ied and commodiois sacrament. T-o and t-o' necessar)e coniunction' 4oldin+ ec&e ot&er %) t&e &and or t&e arm *&ic&e %eto/enet& concorde. Round and round t&e !ire :ea$in+ t&rou+& t&e !lames' or ;oined in circles' Rusticall) solemn or in rustic lau+&ter :i!tin+ &ea,) !eet in clums) s&oes' Eart& !eet' loam !eet' li!ted in countr) mirt& 1irt& o! t&ose lon+ since under eart& Nouris&in+ t&e corn. ?ee$in+ time'

$eminario de An%lisis del Discurso &rof. $. 'aruman (.

Universidad de Chile Facultad de Filosofa y Humanidades Departamento de Literatura

?ee$in+ t&e r&)t&m in t&eir dancin+ As in t&eir li,in+ in t&e li,in+ seasons T&e time o! t&e seasons and t&e constellations T&e time o! mil/in+ and t&e time o! &ar,est T&e time o! t&e cou$lin+ o! man and -oman And t&at o! %easts. Feet risin+ and !allin+. Eatin+ and drin/in+. Dun+ and deat&. Da-n $oints' and anot&er da) .re$ares !or &eat and silence. Out at sea t&e da-n -ind *rin/les and slides. ( am &ere Or t&ere' or else-&ere. (n m) %e+innin+. II *&at is t&e late No,em%er doin+ *it& t&e distur%ance o! t&e s$rin+ And creatures o! t&e summer &eat' And sno-dro$s -rit&in+ under !eet And &oll)&oc/s t&at aim too &i+& Red into +re) and tum%le do-n :ate roses !illed -it& earl) sno-3 T&under rolled %) t&e rollin+ stars Simulates trium$&al cars De$lo)ed in constellated -ars Scor$ion !i+&ts a+ainst t&e Sun Until t&e Sun and 1oon +o do-n 7omets -ee$ and :eonids !l) 4unt t&e &ea,ens and t&e $lains *&irled in a ,ortex t&at s&all %rin+ T&e -orld to t&at destructi,e !ire *&ic& %urns %e!ore t&e ice0ca$ rei+ns. T&at -as a -a) o! $uttin+ it<not ,er) satis!actor): A $eri$&rastic stud) in a -orn0out $oetical !as&ion' :ea,in+ one still -it& t&e intolera%le -restle *it& -ords and meanin+s. T&e $oetr) does not matter. (t -as not (to start a+ain# -&at one &ad ex$ected. *&at -as to %e t&e ,alue o! t&e lon+ loo/ed !or-ard to' :on+ &o$ed !or calm' t&e autumnal serenit) And t&e -isdom o! a+e3 4ad t&e) decei,ed us Or decei,ed t&emsel,es' t&e 5uiet0,oiced elders' 2e5ueat&in+ us merel) a recei$t !or deceit3 T&e serenit) onl) a deli%erate &e%etude' T&e -isdom onl) t&e /no-led+e o! dead secrets Useless in t&e dar/ness into -&ic& t&e) $eered Or !rom -&ic& t&e) turned t&eir e)es. T&ere is' it seems to us' At %est' onl) a limited ,alue (n t&e /no-led+e deri,ed !rom ex$erience. T&e /no-led+e im$oses a $attern' and !alsi!ies'

$eminario de An%lisis del Discurso &rof. $. 'aruman (.

Universidad de Chile Facultad de Filosofa y Humanidades Departamento de Literatura

For t&e $attern is ne- in e,er) moment And e,er) moment is a ne- and s&oc/in+ @aluation o! all -e &a,e %een. *e are onl) undecei,ed O! t&at -&ic&' decei,in+' could no lon+er &arm. (n t&e middle' not onl) in t&e middle o! t&e -a) 2ut all t&e -a)' in a dar/ -ood' in a %ram%le' On t&e ed+e o! a +rim$en' -&ere is no secure !oot&old' And menaced %) monsters' !anc) li+&ts' Ris/in+ enc&antment. Do not let me &ear O! t&e -isdom o! old men' %ut rat&er o! t&eir !oll)' T&eir !ear o! !ear and !ren>)' t&eir !ear o! $ossession' O! %elon+in+ to anot&er' or to ot&ers' or to 6od. T&e onl) -isdom -e can &o$e to ac5uire (s t&e -isdom o! &umilit): &umilit) is endless. T&e &ouses are all +one under t&e sea. T&e dancers are all +one under t&e &ill. III O dar/ dar/ dar/. T&e) all +o into t&e dar/' T&e ,acant interstellar s$aces' t&e ,acant into t&e ,acant' T&e ca$tains' merc&ant %an/ers' eminent men o! letters' T&e +enerous $atrons o! art' t&e statesmen and t&e rulers' Distin+uis&ed ci,il ser,ants' c&airmen o! man) committees' (ndustrial lords and $ett) contractors' all +o into t&e dar/' And dar/ t&e Sun and 1oon' and t&e Almanac& de 6ot&a And t&e Stoc/ Exc&an+e 6a>ette' t&e Director) o! Directors' And cold t&e sense and lost t&e moti,e o! action. And -e all +o -it& t&em' into t&e silent !uneral' No%od)"s !uneral' !or t&ere is no one to %ur). ( said to m) soul' %e still' and let t&e dar/ come u$on )ou *&ic& s&all %e t&e dar/ness o! 6od. As' in a t&eatre' T&e li+&ts are extin+uis&ed' !or t&e scene to %e c&an+ed *it& a &ollo- rum%le o! -in+s' -it& a mo,ement o! dar/ness on dar/ness' And -e /no- t&at t&e &ills and t&e trees' t&e distant $anorama And t&e %old im$osin+ !acade are all %ein+ rolled a-a)< Or as' -&en an under+round train' in t&e tu%e' sto$s too lon+ %et-een stations And t&e con,ersation rises and slo-l) !ades into silence And )ou see %e&ind e,er) !ace t&e mental em$tiness dee$en :ea,in+ onl) t&e +ro-in+ terror o! not&in+ to t&in/ a%out8 Or -&en' under et&er' t&e mind is conscious %ut conscious o! not&in+< ( said to m) soul' %e still' and -ait -it&out &o$e For &o$e -ould %e &o$e !or t&e -ron+ t&in+8 -ait -it&out lo,e' For lo,e -ould %e lo,e o! t&e -ron+ t&in+8 t&ere is )et !ait& 2ut t&e !ait& and t&e lo,e and t&e &o$e are all in t&e -aitin+. *ait -it&out t&ou+&t' !or )ou are not read) !or t&ou+&t: So t&e dar/ness s&all %e t&e li+&t' and t&e stillness t&e dancin+. *&is$er o! runnin+ streams' and -inter li+&tnin+.

$eminario de An%lisis del Discurso &rof. $. 'aruman (.

Universidad de Chile Facultad de Filosofa y Humanidades Departamento de Literatura

T&e -ild t&)me unseen and t&e -ild stra-%err)' T&e lau+&ter in t&e +arden' ec&oed ecstas) Not lost' %ut re5uirin+' $ointin+ to t&e a+on) O! deat& and %irt&. 9ou sa) ( am re$eatin+ Somet&in+ ( &a,e said %e!ore. ( s&all sa) it a+ain. S&all ( sa) it a+ain3 (n order to arri,e t&ere' To arri,e -&ere )ou are' to +et !rom -&ere )ou are not' 9ou must +o %) a -a) -&erein t&ere is no ecstas). (n order to arri,e at -&at )ou do not /no9ou must +o %) a -a) -&ic& is t&e -a) o! i+norance. (n order to $ossess -&at )ou do not $ossess 9ou must +o %) t&e -a) o! dis$ossession. (n order to arri,e at -&at )ou are not 9ou must +o t&rou+& t&e -a) in -&ic& )ou are not. And -&at )ou do not /no- is t&e onl) t&in+ )ou /noAnd -&at )ou o-n is -&at )ou do not o-n And -&ere )ou are is -&ere )ou are not. IV T&e -ounded sur+eon $lies t&e steel T&at 5uestions t&e distem$ered $art8 2eneat& t&e %leedin+ &ands -e !eel T&e s&ar$ com$assion o! t&e &ealer"s art Resol,in+ t&e eni+ma o! t&e !e,er c&art. Our onl) &ealt& is t&e disease (! -e o%e) t&e d)in+ nurse *&ose constant care is not to $lease 2ut to remind o! our' and Adam"s curse' And t&at' to %e restored' our sic/ness must +ro- -orse. T&e -&ole eart& is our &os$ital Endo-ed %) t&e ruined millionaire' *&erein' i! -e do -ell' -e s&all Die o! t&e a%solute $aternal care T&at -ill not lea,e us' %ut $re,ents us e,er)-&ere. T&e c&ill ascends !rom !eet to /nees' T&e !e,er sin+s in mental -ires. (! to %e -armed' t&en ( must !ree>e And 5ua/e in !ri+id $ur+atorial !ires O! -&ic& t&e !lame is roses' and t&e smo/e is %riars. T&e dri$$in+ %lood our onl) drin/' T&e %lood) !les& our onl) !ood: (n s$ite o! -&ic& -e li/e to t&in/

$eminario de An%lisis del Discurso &rof. $. 'aruman (.

Universidad de Chile Facultad de Filosofa y Humanidades Departamento de Literatura

10

T&at -e are sound' su%stantial !les& and %lood< A+ain' in s$ite o! t&at' -e call t&is Frida) +ood. V So &ere ( am' in t&e middle -a)' &a,in+ &ad t-ent) )ears< T-ent) )ears lar+el) -asted' t&e )ears o! l'entre deux guerres Tr)in+ to use -ords' and e,er) attem$t (s a -&oll) ne- start' and a di!!erent /ind o! !ailure 2ecause one &as onl) learnt to +et t&e %etter o! -ords For t&e t&in+ one no lon+er &as to sa)' or t&e -a) in -&ic& One is no lon+er dis$osed to sa) it. And so eac& ,enture (s a ne- %e+innin+' a raid on t&e inarticulate *it& s&a%%) e5ui$ment al-a)s deterioratin+ (n t&e +eneral mess o! im$recision o! !eelin+' Undisci$lined s5uads o! emotion. And -&at t&ere is to con5uer 2) stren+t& and su%mission' &as alread) %een disco,ered Once or t-ice' or se,eral times' %) men -&om one cannot &o$e To emulate<%ut t&ere is no com$etition< T&ere is onl) t&e !i+&t to reco,er -&at &as %een lost And !ound and lost a+ain and a+ain: and no-' under conditions T&at seem un$ro$itious. 2ut $er&a$s neit&er +ain nor loss. For us' t&ere is onl) t&e tr)in+. T&e rest is not our %usiness. 4ome is -&ere one starts !rom. As -e +ro- older T&e -orld %ecomes stran+er' t&e $attern more com$licated O! dead and li,in+. Not t&e intense moment (solated' -it& no %e!ore and a!ter' 2ut a li!etime %urnin+ in e,er) moment And not t&e li!etime o! one man onl) 2ut o! old stones t&at cannot %e deci$&ered. T&ere is a time !or t&e e,enin+ under starli+&t' A time !or t&e e,enin+ under lam$li+&t (T&e e,enin+ -it& t&e $&oto+ra$& al%um#. :o,e is most nearl) itsel! *&en &ere and no- cease to matter. Old men ou+&t to %e ex$lorers 4ere or t&ere does not matter *e must %e still and still mo,in+ (nto anot&er intensit) For a !urt&er union' a dee$er communion T&rou+& t&e dar/ cold and t&e em$t) desolation' T&e -a,e cr)' t&e -ind cr)' t&e ,ast -aters O! t&e $etrel and t&e $or$oise. (n m) end is m) %e+innin+.

$eminario de An%lisis del Discurso &rof. $. 'aruman (.

Universidad de Chile Facultad de Filosofa y Humanidades Departamento de Literatura

11

THE DRY SALVAGES (No. A o! "Four Quartets"# (T&e Dr) Sal,a+es<$resuma%l) les trois sauvages<is a small +rou$ o! roc/s' -it& a %eacon' o!! t&e N.E. coast o! 7a$e Ann' 1assac&usetts. Salvages is $ronounced to r&)me -it& assuages. Groaner: a -&istlin+ %uo).# I ( do not /no- muc& a%out +ods8 %ut ( t&in/ t&at t&e ri,er (s a stron+ %ro-n +od<sullen' untamed and intracta%le' .atient to some de+ree' at !irst reco+nised as a !rontier8 Use!ul' untrust-ort&)' as a con,e)or o! commerce8 T&en onl) a $ro%lem con!rontin+ t&e %uilder o! %rid+es. T&e $ro%lem once sol,ed' t&e %ro-n +od is almost !or+otten 2) t&e d-ellers in cities<e,er' &o-e,er' im$laca%le. ?ee$in+ &is seasons and ra+es' destro)er' reminder O! -&at men c&oose to !or+et. Un&onoured' un$ro$itiated 2) -ors&i$$ers o! t&e mac&ine' %ut -aitin+' -atc&in+ and -aitin+. 4is r&)t&m -as $resent in t&e nurser) %edroom' (n t&e ran/ ailant&us o! t&e A$ril door)ard' (n t&e smell o! +ra$es on t&e autumn ta%le' And t&e e,enin+ circle in t&e -inter +asli+&t. T&e ri,er is -it&in us' t&e sea is all a%out us8 T&e sea is t&e land"s ed+e also' t&e +ranite (nto -&ic& it reac&es' t&e %eac&es -&ere it tosses (ts &ints o! earlier and ot&er creation: T&e star!is&' t&e &orses&oe cra%' t&e -&ale"s %ac/%one8 T&e $ools -&ere it o!!ers to our curiosit) T&e more delicate al+ae and t&e sea anemone. (t tosses u$ our losses' t&e torn seine' T&e s&attered lo%ster$ot' t&e %ro/en oar And t&e +ear o! !orei+n dead men. T&e sea &as man) ,oices' 1an) +ods and man) ,oices. T&e salt is on t&e %riar rose' T&e !o+ is in t&e !ir trees. T&e sea &o-l And t&e sea )el$' are di!!erent ,oices O!ten to+et&er &eard: t&e -&ine in t&e ri++in+' T&e menace and caress o! -a,e t&at %rea/s on -ater' T&e distant rote in t&e +ranite teet&' And t&e -ailin+ -arnin+ !rom t&e a$$roac&in+ &eadland Are all sea ,oices' and t&e &ea,in+ +roaner Rounded &ome-ards' and t&e sea+ull: And under t&e o$$ression o! t&e silent !o+ T&e tollin+ %ell 1easures time not our time' run+ %) t&e un&urried 6round s-ell' a time

$eminario de An%lisis del Discurso &rof. $. 'aruman (.

Universidad de Chile Facultad de Filosofa y Humanidades Departamento de Literatura

12

Older t&an t&e time o! c&ronometers' older T&an time counted %) anxious -orried -omen :)in+ a-a/e' calculatin+ t&e !uture' Tr)in+ to un-ea,e' un-ind' unra,el And $iece to+et&er t&e $ast and t&e !uture' 2et-een midni+&t and da-n' -&en t&e $ast is all dece$tion' T&e !uture !utureless' %e!ore t&e mornin+ -atc& *&en time sto$s and time is ne,er endin+8 And t&e +round s-ell' t&at is and -as !rom t&e %e+innin+' 7lan+s T&e %ell. II *&ere is t&ere an end o! it' t&e soundless -ailin+' T&e silent -it&erin+ o! autumn !lo-ers Dro$$in+ t&eir $etals and remainin+ motionless8 *&ere is t&ere and end to t&e dri!tin+ -rec/a+e' T&e $ra)er o! t&e %one on t&e %eac&' t&e un$ra)a%le .ra)er at t&e calamitous annunciation3 T&ere is no end' %ut addition: t&e trailin+ 7onse5uence o! !urt&er da)s and &ours' *&ile emotion ta/es to itsel! t&e emotionless 9ears o! li,in+ amon+ t&e %rea/a+e O! -&at -as %elie,ed in as t&e most relia%le< And t&ere!ore t&e !ittest !or renunciation. T&ere is t&e !inal addition' t&e !ailin+ .ride or resentment at !ailin+ $o-ers' T&e unattac&ed de,otion -&ic& mi+&t $ass !or de,otionless' (n a dri!tin+ %oat -it& a slo- lea/a+e' T&e silent listenin+ to t&e undenia%le 7lamour o! t&e %ell o! t&e last annunciation. *&ere is t&e end o! t&em' t&e !is&ermen sailin+ (nto t&e -ind"s tail' -&ere t&e !o+ co-ers3 *e cannot t&in/ o! a time t&at is oceanless Or o! an ocean not littered -it& -asta+e Or o! a !uture t&at is not lia%le :i/e t&e $ast' to &a,e no destination. *e &a,e to t&in/ o! t&em as !ore,er %ailin+' Settin+ and &aulin+' -&ile t&e Nort& East lo-ers O,er s&allo- %an/s unc&an+in+ and erosionless Or dra-in+ t&eir mone)' dr)in+ sails at doc/a+e8 Not as ma/in+ a tri$ t&at -ill %e un$a)a%le For a &aul t&at -ill not %ear examination.

$eminario de An%lisis del Discurso &rof. $. 'aruman (.

Universidad de Chile Facultad de Filosofa y Humanidades Departamento de Literatura

13

T&ere is no end o! it' t&e ,oiceless -ailin+' No end to t&e -it&erin+ o! -it&ered !lo-ers' To t&e mo,ement o! $ain t&at is $ainless and motionless' To t&e dri!t o! t&e sea and t&e dri!tin+ -rec/a+e' T&e %one"s $ra)er to Deat& its 6od. Onl) t&e &ardl)' %arel) $ra)a%le .ra)er o! t&e one Annunciation. (t seems' as one %ecomes older' T&at t&e $ast &as anot&er $attern' and ceases to %e a mere se5uence< Or e,en de,elo$ment: t&e latter a $artial !allac) Encoura+ed %) su$er!icial notions o! e,olution' *&ic& %ecomes' in t&e $o$ular mind' a means o! diso-nin+ t&e $ast. T&e moments o! &a$$iness<not t&e sense o! -ell0%ein+' Fruition' !ul!ilment' securit) or a!!ection' Or e,en a ,er) +ood dinner' %ut t&e sudden illumination< *e &ad t&e ex$erience %ut missed t&e meanin+' And a$$roac& to t&e meanin+ restores t&e ex$erience (n a di!!erent !orm' %e)ond an) meanin+ *e can assi+n to &a$$iness. ( &a,e said %e!ore T&at t&e $ast ex$erience re,i,ed in t&e meanin+ (s not t&e ex$erience o! one li!e onl) 2ut o! man) +enerations<not !or+ettin+ Somet&in+ t&at is $ro%a%l) 5uite ine!!a%le: T&e %ac/-ard loo/ %e&ind t&e assurance O! recorded &istor)' t&e %ac/-ard &al!0loo/ O,er t&e s&oulder' to-ards t&e $rimiti,e terror. No-' -e come to disco,er t&at t&e moments o! a+on) (*&et&er' or not' due to misunderstandin+' 4a,in+ &o$ed !or t&e -ron+ t&in+s or dreaded t&e -ron+ t&in+s' (s not in 5uestion# are li/e-ise $ermanent *it& suc& $ermanence as time &as. *e a$$reciate t&is %etter (n t&e a+on) o! ot&ers' nearl) ex$erienced' (n,ol,in+ oursel,es' t&an in our o-n. For our o-n $ast is co,ered %) t&e currents o! action' 2ut t&e torment o! ot&ers remains an ex$erience Un5uali!ied' un-orn %) su%se5uent attrition. .eo$le c&an+e' and smile: %ut t&e a+on) a%ides. Time t&e destro)er is time t&e $reser,er' :i/e t&e ri,er -it& its car+o o! dead ne+roes' co-s and c&ic/en coo$s' T&e %itter a$$le' and t&e %ite in t&e a$$le. And t&e ra++ed roc/ in t&e restless -aters' *a,es -as& o,er it' !o+s conceal it8 On a &alc)on da) it is merel) a monument' (n na,i+a%le -eat&er it is al-a)s a seamar/ To la) a course %): %ut in t&e som%re season Or t&e sudden !ur)' is -&at it al-a)s -as. III ( sometimes -onder i! t&at is -&at ?ris&na meant< Amon+ ot&er t&in+s<or one -a) o! $uttin+ t&e same t&in+:

$eminario de An%lisis del Discurso &rof. $. 'aruman (.

Universidad de Chile Facultad de Filosofa y Humanidades Departamento de Literatura

14

T&at t&e !uture is a !aded son+' a Ro)al Rose or a la,ender s$ra) O! -ist!ul re+ret !or t&ose -&o are not )et &ere to re+ret' .ressed %et-een )ello- lea,es o! a %oo/ t&at &as ne,er %een o$ened. And t&e -a) u$ is t&e -a) do-n' t&e -a) !or-ard is t&e -a) %ac/. 9ou cannot !ace it steadil)' %ut t&is t&in+ is sure' T&at time is no &ealer: t&e $atient is no lon+er &ere. *&en t&e train starts' and t&e $assen+ers are settled To !ruit' $eriodicals and %usiness letters (And t&ose -&o sa- t&em o!! &a,e le!t t&e $lat!orm# T&eir !aces relax !rom +rie! into relie!' To t&e slee$) r&)t&m o! a &undred &ours. Fare !or-ard' tra,ellersB not esca$in+ !rom t&e $ast (nto di!!erent li,es' or into an) !uture8 9ou are not t&e same $eo$le -&o le!t t&at station Or -&o -ill arri,e at an) terminus' *&ile t&e narro-in+ rails slide to+et&er %e&ind )ou8 And on t&e dec/ o! t&e drummin+ liner *atc&in+ t&e !urro- t&at -idens %e&ind )ou' 9ou s&all not t&in/ "t&e $ast is !inis&ed" Or "t&e !uture is %e!ore us". At ni+&t!all' in t&e ri++in+ and t&e aerial' (s a ,oice descantin+ (t&ou+& not to t&e ear' T&e murmurin+ s&ell o! time' and not in an) lan+ua+e# "Fare !or-ard' )ou -&o t&in/ t&at )ou are ,o)a+in+8 9ou are not t&ose -&o sa- t&e &ar%our Recedin+' or t&ose -&o -ill disem%ar/. 4ere %et-een t&e &it&er and t&e !art&er s&ore *&ile time is -it&dra-n' consider t&e !uture And t&e $ast -it& an e5ual mind. At t&e moment -&ic& is not o! action or inaction 9ou can recei,e t&is: Con -&ate,er s$&ere o! %ein+ T&e mind o! a man ma) %e intent At t&e time o! deat&C<t&at is t&e one action (And t&e time o! deat& is e,er) moment# *&ic& s&all !ructi!) in t&e li,es o! ot&ers: And do not t&in/ o! t&e !ruit o! action. Fare !or-ard. O ,o)a+ers' O seamen' 9ou -&o came to $ort' and )ou -&ose %odies *ill su!!er t&e trial and ;ud+ement o! t&e sea' Or -&ate,er e,ent' t&is is )our real destination." So ?ris&na' as -&en &e admonis&ed Ar;una On t&e !ield o! %attle. Not !are -ell' 2ut !are !or-ard' ,o)a+ers. IV :ad)' -&ose s&rine stands on t&e $romontor)' .ra) !or all t&ose -&o are in s&i$s' t&ose *&ose %usiness &as to do -it& !is&' and

$eminario de An%lisis del Discurso &rof. $. 'aruman (.

Universidad de Chile Facultad de Filosofa y Humanidades Departamento de Literatura

15

T&ose concerned -it& e,er) la-!ul tra!!ic And t&ose -&o conduct t&em. Re$eat a $ra)er also on %e&al! o! *omen -&o &a,e seen t&eir sons or &us%ands Settin+ !ort&' and not returnin+: Fi+lia del tuo !i+lio' Queen o! 4ea,en. Also $ra) !or t&ose -&o -ere in s&i$s' and Ended t&eir ,o)a+e on t&e sand' in t&e sea"s li$s Or in t&e dar/ t&roat -&ic& -ill not re;ect t&em Or -&ere,er cannot reac& t&em t&e sound o! t&e sea %ell"s .er$etual an+elus. V To communicate -it& 1ars' con,erse -it& s$irits' To re$ort t&e %e&a,iour o! t&e sea monster' Descri%e t&e &orosco$e' &arus$icate or scr)' O%ser,e disease in si+natures' e,o/e 2io+ra$&) !rom t&e -rin/les o! t&e $alm And tra+ed) !rom !in+ers8 release omens 2) sortile+e' or tea lea,es' riddle t&e ine,ita%le *it& $la)in+ cards' !iddle -it& $enta+rams Or %ar%ituric acids' or dissect T&e recurrent ima+e into $re0conscious terrors< To ex$lore t&e -om%' or tom%' or dreams8 all t&ese are usual .astimes and dru+s' and !eatures o! t&e $ress: And al-a)s -ill %e' some o! t&em es$eciall) *&en t&ere is distress o! nations and $er$lexit) *&et&er on t&e s&ores o! Asia' or in t&e Ed+-are Road. 1en"s curiosit) searc&es $ast and !uture And clin+s to t&at dimension. 2ut to a$$re&end T&e $oint o! intersection o! t&e timeless *it& time' is an occu$ation !or t&e saint< No occu$ation eit&er' %ut somet&in+ +i,en And ta/en' in a li!etime"s deat& in lo,e' Ardour and sel!lessness and sel!0surrender. For most o! us' t&ere is onl) t&e unattended 1oment' t&e moment in and out o! time' T&e distraction !it' lost in a s&a!t o! sunli+&t' T&e -ild t&)me unseen' or t&e -inter li+&tnin+ Or t&e -ater!all' or music &eard so dee$l) T&at it is not &eard at all' %ut )ou are t&e music *&ile t&e music lasts. T&ese are onl) &ints and +uesses' 4ints !ollo-ed %) +uesses8 and t&e rest (s $ra)er' o%ser,ance' disci$line' t&ou+&t and action. T&e &int &al! +uessed' t&e +i!t &al! understood' is (ncarnation. 4ere t&e im$ossi%le union

$eminario de An%lisis del Discurso &rof. $. 'aruman (.

Universidad de Chile Facultad de Filosofa y Humanidades Departamento de Literatura

16

O! s$&eres o! existence is actual' 4ere t&e $ast and !uture Are con5uered' and reconciled' *&ere action -ere ot&er-ise mo,ement O! t&at -&ic& is onl) mo,ed And &as in it no source o! mo,ement< Dri,en %) daemonic' c&t&onic .o-ers. And ri+&t action is !reedom From $ast and !uture also. For most o! us' t&is is t&e aim Ne,er &ere to %e realised8 *&o are onl) unde!eated 2ecause -e &a,e +one on tr)in+8 *e' content at t&e last (! our tem$oral re,ersion nouris& (Not too !ar !rom t&e )e-0tree# T&e li!e o! si+ni!icant soil.

LITTLE GIDDING (No. D o! "Four Quartets"# I 1id-inter s$rin+ is its o-n season Sem$iternal t&ou+& sodden to-ards sundo-n' Sus$ended in time' %et-een $ole and tro$ic. *&en t&e s&ort da) is %ri+&test' -it& !rost and !ire' T&e %rie! sun !lames t&e ice' on $ond and ditc&es' (n -indless cold t&at is t&e &eart"s &eat' Re!lectin+ in a -ater) mirror A +lare t&at is %lindness in t&e earl) a!ternoon. And +lo- more intense t&an %la>e o! %ranc&' or %ra>ier' Stirs t&e dum% s$irit: no -ind' %ut $entecostal !ire (n t&e dar/ time o! t&e )ear. 2et-een meltin+ and !ree>in+ T&e soul"s sa$ 5ui,ers. T&ere is no eart& smell Or smell o! li,in+ t&in+. T&is is t&e s$rin+ time 2ut not in time"s co,enant. No- t&e &ed+ero(s %lanc&ed !or an &our -it& transitor) %lossom O! sno-' a %loom more sudden T&an t&at o! summer' neit&er %uddin+ nor !adin+' Not in t&e sc&eme o! +eneration. *&ere is t&e summer' t&e unima+ina%le Eero summer3 (! )ou came t&is -a)' Ta/in+ t&e route )ou -ould %e li/el) to ta/e From t&e $lace )ou -ould %e li/el) to come !rom' (! )ou came t&is -a) in ma) time' )ou -ould !ind t&e &ed+es *&ite a+ain' in 1a)' -it& ,olu$tuar) s-eetness.

$eminario de An%lisis del Discurso &rof. $. 'aruman (.

Universidad de Chile Facultad de Filosofa y Humanidades Departamento de Literatura

17

(t -ould %e t&e same at t&e end o! t&e ;ourne)' (! )ou came at ni+&t li/e a %ro/en /in+' (! )ou came %) da) not /no-in+ -&at )ou came !or' (t -ould %e t&e same' -&en )ou lea,e t&e rou+& road And turn %e&ind t&e $i+0st) to t&e dull !acade And t&e tom%stone. And -&at )ou t&ou+&t )ou came !or (s onl) a s&ell' a &us/ o! meanin+ From -&ic& t&e $ur$ose %rea/s onl) -&en it is !ul!illed (! at all. Eit&er )ou &ad no $ur$ose Or t&e $ur$ose is %e)ond t&e end )ou !i+ured And is altered in !ul!ilment. T&ere are ot&er $laces *&ic& also are t&e -orld"s end' some at t&e sea ;a-s' Or o,er a dar/ la/e' in a desert or a cit)< 2ut t&is is t&e nearest' in $lace and time' No- and in En+land. (! )ou came t&is -a)' Ta/in+ an) route' startin+ !rom an)-&ere' At an) time or at an) season' (t -ould al-a)s %e t&e same: )ou -ould &a,e to $ut o!! Sense and notion. 9ou are not &ere to ,eri!)' (nstruct )oursel!' or in!orm curiosit) Or carr) re$ort. 9ou are &ere to /neel *&ere $ra)er &as %een ,alid. And $ra)er is more T&an an order o! -ords' t&e conscious occu$ation O! t&e $ra)in+ mind' or t&e sound o! t&e ,oice $ra)in+. And -&at t&e dead &ad no s$eec& !or' -&en li,in+' T&e) can tell )ou' %ein+ dead: t&e communication O! t&e dead is ton+ued -it& !ire %e)ond t&e lan+ua+e o! t&e li,in+. 4ere' t&e intersection o! t&e timeless moment (s En+land and no-&ere. Ne,er and al-a)s. II As& on and old man"s slee,e (s all t&e as& t&e %urnt roses lea,e. Dust in t&e air sus$ended 1ar/s t&e $lace -&ere a stor) ended. Dust in%reat&ed -as a &ouse< T&e -alls' t&e -ainscot and t&e mouse' T&e deat& o! &o$e and des$air' T&is is t&e deat& o! air. T&ere are !lood and drout& O,er t&e e)es and in t&e mout&' Dead -ater and dead sand 7ontendin+ !or t&e u$$er &and. T&e $arc&ed e,iscerate soil 6a$es at t&e ,anit) o! toil'

$eminario de An%lisis del Discurso &rof. $. 'aruman (.

Universidad de Chile Facultad de Filosofa y Humanidades Departamento de Literatura

18

:au+&s -it&out mirt&. T&is is t&e deat& o! eart&. *ater and !ire succeed T&e to-n' t&e $asture and t&e -eed. *ater and !ire deride T&e sacri!ice t&at -e denied. *ater and !ire s&all rot T&e marred !oundations -e !or+ot' O! sanctuar) and c&oir. T&is is t&e deat& o! -ater and !ire. (n t&e uncertain &our %e!ore t&e mornin+ Near t&e endin+ o! intermina%le ni+&t At t&e recurrent end o! t&e unendin+ A!ter t&e dar/ do,e -it& t&e !lic/erin+ ton+ue 4ad $assed %elo- t&e &ori>on o! &is &omin+ *&ile t&e dead lea,es still rattled on li/e tin O,er t&e as$&alt -&ere no ot&er sound -as 2et-een t&ree districts -&ence t&e smo/e arose ( met one -al/in+' loiterin+ and &urried As i! %lo-n to-ards me li/e t&e metal lea,es 2e!ore t&e ur%an da-n -ind unresistin+. And as ( !ixed u$on t&e do-n0turned !ace T&at $ointed scrutin) -it& -&ic& -e c&allen+e T&e !irst0met stran+er in t&e -anin+ dus/ ( cau+&t t&e sudden loo/ o! some dead master *&om ( &ad /no-n' !or+otten' &al! recalled 2ot& one and man)8 in t&e %ro-n %a/ed !eatures T&e e)es o! a !amiliar com$ound +&ost 2ot& intimate and unidenti!ia%le. So ( assumed a dou%le $art' and cried And &eard anot&er"s ,oice cr): "*&atB are you &ere3" Alt&ou+& -e -ere not. ( -as still t&e same' ?no-in+ m)sel! )et %ein+ someone ot&er< And &e a !ace still !ormin+8 )et t&e -ords su!!iced To com$el t&e reco+nition t&e) $receded. And so' com$liant to t&e common -ind' Too stran+e to eac& ot&er !or misunderstandin+' (n concord at t&is intersection time O! meetin+ no-&ere' no %e!ore and a!ter' *e trod t&e $a,ement in a dead $atrol. ( said: "T&e -onder t&at ( !eel is eas)' 9et ease is cause o! -onder. T&ere!ore s$ea/: ( ma) not com$re&end' ma) not remem%er." And &e: "( am not ea+er to re&earse 1) t&ou+&ts and t&eor) -&ic& )ou &a,e !or+otten. T&ese t&in+s &a,e ser,ed t&eir $ur$ose: let t&em %e. So -it& )our o-n' and $ra) t&e) %e !or+i,en 2) ot&ers' as ( $ra) )ou to !or+i,e 2ot& %ad and +ood. :ast season"s !ruit is eaten

$eminario de An%lisis del Discurso &rof. $. 'aruman (.

Universidad de Chile Facultad de Filosofa y Humanidades Departamento de Literatura

19

And t&e !ull!ed %east s&all /ic/ t&e em$t) $ail. For last )ear"s -ords %elon+ to last )ear"s lan+ua+e And next )ear"s -ords a-ait anot&er ,oice. 2ut' as t&e $assa+e no- $resents no &indrance To t&e s$irit una$$eased and $ere+rine 2et-een t-o -orlds %ecome muc& li/e eac& ot&er' So ( !ind -ords ( ne,er t&ou+&t to s$ea/ (n streets ( ne,er t&ou+&t ( s&ould re,isit *&en ( le!t m) %od) on a distant s&ore. Since our concern -as s$eec&' and s$eec& im$elled us To $uri!) t&e dialect o! t&e tri%e And ur+e t&e mind to a!tersi+&t and !oresi+&t' :et me disclose t&e +i!ts reser,ed !or a+e To set a cro-n u$on )our li!etime"s e!!ort. First' t&e cold !riction o! ex$irin+ sense *it&out enc&antment' o!!erin+ no $romise 2ut %itter tastelessness o! s&ado- !ruit As %od) and soul %e+in to !all asunder. Second' t&e conscious im$otence o! ra+e At &uman !oll)' and t&e laceration O! lau+&ter at -&at ceases to amuse. And last' t&e rendin+ $ain o! re0enactment O! all t&at )ou &a,e done' and %een8 t&e s&ame O! moti,es late re,ealed' and t&e a-areness O! t&in+s ill done and done to ot&ers" &arm *&ic& once )ou too/ !or exercise o! ,irtue. T&en !ools" a$$ro,al stin+s' and &onour stains. From -ron+ to -ron+ t&e exas$erated s$irit .roceeds' unless restored %) t&at re!inin+ !ire *&ere )ou must mo,e in measure' li/e a dancer." T&e da) -as %rea/in+. (n t&e dis!i+ured street 4e le!t me' -it& a /ind o! ,alediction' And !aded on t&e %lo-in+ o! t&e &orn.

III T&ere are t&ree conditions -&ic& o!ten loo/ ali/e 9et di!!er com$letel)' !louris& in t&e same &ed+ero-: Attac&ment to sel! and to t&in+s and to $ersons' detac&ment From sel! and !rom t&in+s and !rom $ersons8 and' +ro-in+ %et-een t&em' indi!!erence *&ic& resem%les t&e ot&ers as deat& resem%les li!e' 2ein+ %et-een t-o li,es<un!lo-erin+' %et-een T&e li,e and t&e dead nettle. T&is is t&e use o! memor): For li%eration<not less o! lo,e %ut ex$andin+ O! lo,e %e)ond desire' and so li%eration From t&e !uture as -ell as t&e $ast. T&us' lo,e o! a countr) 2e+ins as attac&ment to our o-n !ield o! action And comes to !ind t&at action o! little im$ortance T&ou+& ne,er indi!!erent. 4istor) ma) %e ser,itude' 4istor) ma) %e !reedom. See' no- t&e) ,anis&'

$eminario de An%lisis del Discurso &rof. $. 'aruman (.

Universidad de Chile Facultad de Filosofa y Humanidades Departamento de Literatura

20

T&e !aces and $laces' -it& t&e sel! -&ic&' as it could' lo,ed t&em' To %ecome rene-ed' trans!i+ured' in anot&er $attern. Sin is 2e&o,el)' %ut All s&all %e -ell' and All manner o! t&in+ s&all %e -ell. (! ( t&in/' a+ain' o! t&is $lace' And o! $eo$le' not -&oll) commenda%le' O! no immediate /in or /indness' 2ut o! some $eculiar +enius' All touc&ed %) a common +enius' United in t&e stri!e -&ic& di,ided t&em8 (! ( t&in/ o! a /in+ at ni+&t!all' O! t&ree men' and more' on t&e sca!!old And a !e- -&o died !or+otten (n ot&er $laces' &ere and a%road' And o! one -&o died %lind and 5uiet *&) s&ould -e cele%rate T&ese dead men more t&an t&e d)in+3 (t is not to rin+ t&e %ell %ac/-ard Nor is it an incantation To summon t&e s$ectre o! a Rose. *e cannot re,i,e old !actions *e cannot restore old $olicies Or !ollo- an anti5ue drum. T&ese men' and t&ose -&o o$$osed t&em And t&ose -&om t&e) o$$osed Acce$t t&e constitution o! silence And are !olded in a sin+le $art). *&ate,er -e in&erit !rom t&e !ortunate *e &a,e ta/en !rom t&e de!eated *&at t&e) &ad to lea,e us<a s)m%ol: A s)m%ol $er!ected in deat&. And all s&all %e -ell and All manner o! t&in+ s&all %e -ell 2) t&e $uri!ication o! t&e moti,e (n t&e +round o! our %eseec&in+. IV T&e do,e descendin+ %rea/s t&e air *it& !lame o! incandescent terror O! -&ic& t&e ton+ues declare T&e one disc&ar+e !rom sin and error. T&e onl) &o$e' or else des$air :ies in t&e c&oice o! $)re o! $)re< To %e redeemed !rom !ire %) !ire. *&o t&en de,ised t&e torment3 :o,e. :o,e is t&e un!amiliar Name

$eminario de An%lisis del Discurso &rof. $. 'aruman (.

Universidad de Chile Facultad de Filosofa y Humanidades Departamento de Literatura

21

2e&ind t&e &ands t&at -o,e T&e intolera%le s&irt o! !lame *&ic& &uman $o-er cannot remo,e. *e onl) li,e' onl) sus$ire 7onsumed %) eit&er !ire or !ire.

V *&at -e call t&e %e+innin+ is o!ten t&e end And to ma/e and end is to ma/e a %e+innin+. T&e end is -&ere -e start !rom. And e,er) $&rase And sentence t&at is ri+&t (-&ere e,er) -ord is at &ome' Ta/in+ its $lace to su$$ort t&e ot&ers' T&e -ord neit&er di!!ident nor ostentatious' An eas) commerce o! t&e old and t&e ne-' T&e common -ord exact -it&out ,ul+arit)' T&e !ormal -ord $recise %ut not $edantic' T&e com$lete consort dancin+ to+et&er# E,er) $&rase and e,er) sentence is an end and a %e+innin+' E,er) $oem an e$ita$&. And an) action (s a ste$ to t&e %loc/' to t&e !ire' do-n t&e sea"s t&roat Or to an ille+i%le stone: and t&at is -&ere -e start. *e die -it& t&e d)in+: See' t&e) de$art' and -e +o -it& t&em. *e are %orn -it& t&e dead: See' t&e) return' and %rin+ us -it& t&em. T&e moment o! t&e rose and t&e moment o! t&e )e-0tree Are o! e5ual duration. A $eo$le -it&out &istor) (s not redeemed !rom time' !or &istor) is a $attern O! timeless moments. So' -&ile t&e li+&t !ails On a -inter"s a!ternoon' in a secluded c&a$el 4istor) is no- and En+land. *it& t&e dra-in+ o! t&is :o,e and t&e ,oice o! t&is 7allin+ *e s&all not cease !rom ex$loration And t&e end o! all our ex$lorin+ *ill %e to arri,e -&ere -e started And /no- t&e $lace !or t&e !irst time. T&rou+& t&e un/no-n' unremem%ered +ate *&en t&e last o! eart& le!t to disco,er (s t&at -&ic& -as t&e %e+innin+8 At t&e source o! t&e lon+est ri,er T&e ,oice o! t&e &idden -ater!all And t&e c&ildren in t&e a$$le0tree Not /no-n' %ecause not loo/ed !or 2ut &eard' &al!0&eard' in t&e stillness 2et-een t-o -a,es o! t&e sea.

$eminario de An%lisis del Discurso &rof. $. 'aruman (.

Universidad de Chile Facultad de Filosofa y Humanidades Departamento de Literatura

22

Quic/ no-' &ere' no-' al-a)s< A condition o! com$lete sim$licit) (7ostin+ not less t&an e,er)t&in+# And all s&all %e -ell and All manner o! t&in+ s&all %e -ell *&en t&e ton+ues o! !lame are in0!olded (nto t&e cro-ned /not o! !ire And t&e !ire and t&e rose are one.

$eminario de An%lisis del Discurso &rof. $. 'aruman (.

Universidad de Chile Facultad de Filosofa y Humanidades Departamento de Literatura

23

T.$. )liot Four *uartets +otes There are several internet sites offering online te,ts of the "Four *uartets". - do not "now which site was the first. /ut its author saved his successors much wor", for they evidently copied his te,t e,actly 0 including his errors of spelling, punctuation, and even his missed lines. This is amusing inasmuch as these sites were presuma/ly constructed as the result of genuine enthusiasm for )liot1s poetic masterwor". 2ut it is saddening to see /asic standards of academic accuracy disregarded thus. moreover, these sites remain uncorrected. !They are welcome to ta"e my own source code, which will ena/le them to amend their errors without much effort.# - have omitted line num/ers in the te,ts at this site. they can easily /e added if the documents are opened in any good word processor. F34+T &A5) The two e,tracts from the fragments of Hera"leitos !Heraclitus# are presented here in )nglish translation, owing to the difficulty of reproducing the 5ree" in current html code. 263+T +43T4+ 7ritten in 89:;. 2urnt +orton is a manor in 5loucestershire visited /y )liot in 89:<. -ts rose garden suggested the imagery of the opening section. &art -"Erhebung" )levation=e,altation !5erman#. &art > "As in the igure o the ten stairs" !he Dark "ight o the #ou$ /y $t. (ohn of the 'ross states that "there are ten steps on the mystical ladder of divine love." 4ther references to $t. (ohn of the 'ross are scattered throughout the poem. )A$T '4?)3 7ritten in 89<@. )ast 'o"er is a village near Aeovil, $omerset, )liot1s ancestral home. Andrew )liot left )ast 'o"er for the +ew 7orld in a/out 8BB9. &art "%n m& beginning is m& end" 'f "-n my end is my /eginning" in &art >. The latter is the motto of Cary *ueen of $cots !")n ma fin est mon commencement"#. "!he asso'iation o man and (oman %n daunsinge) signi &ing matrimonie..." This passage is ta"en from !he *oke "amed the +o,ernour !8;:@# /y $ir Thomas )lyot, an ancestor of T.$. )liot. TH) D3A $AL>A5)$ 7ritten in 89<8. "!he Dr& #a$,ages-presumab$& $es trois sau,ages-is a sma$$ group o ro'ks) (ith a bea'on) o the ".E. 'oast o .ape Ann) /assa'husetts." )liot1s family spent time in this area during his childhood. *& his o(n re'koning 0in a spee'h gi,en upon re'ei,ing the Emerson1!horeau /eda$ rom the Ameri'an A'adem& o Arts and #'ien'es in 1929) at (hi'h he read this poem3) the poem begins (here E$iot began 0#t. 4ouis) the /ississippi 5i,er3 and ends (here he e6pe'ted to end 0a parish 'hur'h o a ,i$$age in #omerset3.

$eminario de An%lisis del Discurso &rof. $. 'aruman (.

Universidad de Chile Facultad de Filosofa y Humanidades Departamento de Literatura

24

!from a 777 page of notes to the *uartets# &art --?rishna and ArDuna on the /attlefield in the /ahabharata, the discourse "nown as the *haga,ad +ita. &art -> "Fig$ia de$ tuo ig$io" "Daughter of your son" !i.e. Cary and (esus#. from Dante1s 7aradisio. L-TTL) 5-DD-+5 7ritten in 89<E. Little 5idding is a village in 'am/ridgeshire visited /y )liot in 89:B. -t was the home of a religious community esta/lished in 8BEB. -n 8B:: 'harles - visited the community. in 8B<B he returned, fleeing &arliamentary troops who /ro"e up the community. &art --"#in is *eho,e$&) but A$$ sha$$ be (e$$) and A$$ manner o thing sha$$ be (e$$." Dame (ulian of +orwich, 5e,e$ations o Di,ine 4o,e, the 8:th revelation. a modern translation of which might read "$in was necessary, /ut it is going to /e well, everything is going to /e well". "*& the puri i'ation o the moti,e %n the ground o our besee'hing." Dame (ulian of +orwich, 5e,e$ations o Di,ine 4o,e, the 8<th revelation. Tristan (une E@@@

$eminario de An%lisis del Discurso &rof. $. 'aruman (.