LESSON PLAN: Modal Verbs of Prohibition

OBJECTIVES
By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:
1. Understand the meaning and usage of modal verbs of prohibition ("must not," "may not," "cannot," "should not")
to express restrictions and prohibitions:
2. Use modal verbs of prohibition in sentences to communicate various levels of restrictions.
3. Make a role-play applying their knowledge of modal verbs of prohibition to real-life scenarios, enhancing their
communication skills in expressing prohibitions.

MATERIALS
- Whiteboard and markers
- Handouts with sentences for practice
- Slides or projector for visual aids
- Scenario cards for role-playing

INTRODUCTION (10 minutes):

1. Begin with a discussion about rules and restrictions in different contexts (school, home, workplace).
2. Introduce the concept of modal verbs of prohibition and explain that they are used to indicate what is not allowed or
prohibited.

Objective 1: Understanding Modal Verbs of Prohibition (15 minutes):

3. Present the modal verbs of prohibition: "must not," "may not," "cannot," and "should not."
4. Discuss the meanings and nuances of each modal verb, focusing on the level of prohibition or restriction they convey.

Objective 2: Sentence Construction Practice (20 minutes):

5. Distribute handouts with incomplete sentences. Students complete each sentence using the appropriate modal verb of
prohibition.
6. Review and discuss the completed sentences as a class, emphasizing the differences in meaning between the modal
verbs.

Objective 3: Role-Playing and Scenarios (15 minutes):

7. Divide the class into pairs or small groups. Provide each group with a scenario card that describes a situation with a
prohibition.
8. In their groups, students create role-play conversations based on the scenarios, incorporating the appropriate modal
verbs of prohibition.

Role-Play Presentations and Discussions (10 minutes):

9. Each group presents their role-play to the class. After each presentation, lead a brief discussion about the scenario and
the use of modal verbs of prohibition.

WRAP-UP AND REFLECTION (5 minutes):

10. Summarize the key points of the lesson, emphasizing the importance of understanding and using modal verbs of
prohibition to communicate restrictions.
11. Ask students to share any insights they gained from the role-play activities and discussions.

HOMEWORK (optional):
12. Assign students to write a short paragraph describing a situation where they had to follow a specific prohibition and
the consequences of not following it.

ASSESSMENT
- Evaluate student participation during discussions, role-play presentations, and sentence construction activities.
- Review homework assignments for correct usage of modal verbs of prohibition.

EXTENSION
- Provide additional scenarios for practice and encourage students to create their own scenarios for peer discussions.
- Explore real-life examples of signs, rules, and regulations that use modal verbs of prohibition.
- Discuss cultural differences in expressions of prohibition and how they might vary in different languages.

Review Lesson Plan: Modal Verbs

Objective:
By the end of this lesson, students will be able to differentiate between modal verbs of permission, obligation, and
prohibition, and use them appropriately in sentences.

Materials:
- Whiteboard and markers
- Handouts with sentences for practice
- Slides or projector for visual aids
- Scenario cards for activities

Introduction (10 minutes):

1. Begin with a quick review of modal verbs and their general characteristics.
2. Recap the three kinds of modal verbs discussed: permission, obligation, and prohibition.
3. Ask students to share examples of situations where each kind of modal verb would be used.

Activity 1: Modal Verbs Sorting (15 minutes):

1. Distribute a set of sentence cards to each student or group.
2. Instruct students to read the sentences and categorize them into three groups: permission, obligation, and prohibition.
3. Discuss the categorization as a class, clarifying any uncertainties.

Activity 2: Sentence Completion (20 minutes):

1. Provide handouts with incomplete sentences related to each type of modal verb.
2. In pairs, students complete the sentences using the appropriate modal verb.
3. After completing the sentences, have students exchange their answers with another pair for peer review.

Activity 3: Scenario Analysis and Discussion (15 minutes):

1. Divide the class into small groups and distribute scenario cards.
2. Each group analyzes the scenario and decides which type of modal verb (permission, obligation, or prohibition) would
best fit the situation.
3. Groups present their scenarios and explanations to the class, promoting discussion and understanding of context.

Activity 4: Modal Verbs Quiz (15 minutes):

1. Provide a short quiz with a mix of multiple-choice and fill-in-the-blank questions covering all three types of modal
verbs.
2. Review the answers as a class and clarify any misconceptions.

Conclusion and Reflection (5 minutes):

1. Summarize the key points of the lesson, emphasizing the distinctions between modal verbs of permission, obligation,
and prohibition.
2. Ask students to reflect on the practical applications of using these modal verbs in various real-life situations.

Homework (optional):
Assign students a writing task where they need to create a short paragraph that includes examples of each type of modal
verb, demonstrating their understanding.

Assessment:
- Evaluate student participation during activities and discussions.
- Review quiz answers to gauge comprehension.

Extension:
- Encourage students to find examples of modal verbs in real-life texts, such as news articles, advertisements, or dialogue
in books.
- Explore how different cultures express permission, obligation, and prohibition in language, and discuss any variations in
usage.