Lesson Plan: Modal Verbs of Obligation

OBJECTIVES
By the end of this lesson, students will be able to
1. Differentiate between modal verbs of obligation ("must," "have to," "should," "ought to") and understand their
nuances in expressing varying degrees of necessity;
2. Form sentences that indicate obligations, requirements, and recommendations;
3. Apply modal verbs of obligation to engage in conversations, enhancing their communication skills in expressing
obligations.

MATERIALS
- Whiteboard and markers
- Handouts with sentences for practice
- Slides or projector for visual aids
- Scenario cards for group discussions

INTRODUCTION (10 minutes)

1. Begin with a discussion about obligations students face in their daily lives. Write down their responses on the board.

Objective 1: Differentiating Modal Verbs of Obligation (15 minutes):**

2. Introduce the concept of modal verbs of obligation and present the modal verbs "must," "have to," "should," and "ought
to."
3. Discuss the differences in meaning and level of necessity conveyed by each modal verb.
4. Provide examples for each modal verb and explain when they are commonly used.

Objective 2: Sentence Construction Practice (20 minutes):**

5. Distribute handouts with incomplete sentences. Students complete each sentence using the appropriate modal verb of
obligation.
6. Review and discuss the completed sentences as a class, focusing on the distinctions between different modal verbs.

Objective 3: Group Discussions and Scenario Application (15 minutes):**

7. Divide the class into groups and provide each group with scenario cards related to obligations in different contexts
(work, school, family, etc.).
8. In their groups, students discuss the scenarios and use modal verbs of obligation to create conversations that reflect the
situations on their cards.

Group Discussion and Scenario Sharing (10 minutes):**

9. Each group presents their scenario and the conversation they created to the class.
10. After each presentation, initiate a discussion about the obligations presented in the scenarios and the students' use of
modal verbs.

Wrap-up and Reflection (5 minutes):**

11. Summarize the key points of the lesson, emphasizing the differences among modal verbs of obligation and their
applications.
12. Ask students to reflect on situations where they would use different modal verbs to express obligations.

HOMEWORK (optional):**
13. Assign students to write a short paragraph describing a personal obligation using a modal verb of obligation.

ASSESSMENT
- Evaluate student participation during discussions, scenario presentations, and sentence construction activities.
- Review homework assignments for correct usage of modal verbs of obligation.

EXTENSION
- Provide additional scenarios for practice and encourage students to create their own scenario cards for peer discussions.
- Explore newspaper articles, opinion pieces, or real-life conversations where modal verbs of obligation are used to
express viewpoints and recommendations.