ARTIGO 1

Formao dos substantivos

Os substantivos so para identificar ou dar nome s pessoas, coisas e qualidades que nos circundam. Ex: student, man, house, sky, Monday, France, hope, information. Um substantivo sempre responde a perguntas como: Who is it? ou What is it?. s vezes precisamos usar vrias palavras com um substantivo para identificar que pessoa, coisa ou que qualidade estamos nos referindo. Esses grupos de palavras so chamados de noun phrases. Ex: A foreign student The student at the back of the class The student who asked the question A) Acrescenta-se sufixos para formar algumas profisses: VERBO + ( E ) R: bake baker, build builder, design designer, manage manager, speak speaker, teach teacher SUBSTANTIVO + (E) R: engine engineer, football footballer, garden gardener, law lawyer, photograph photographer, trumpet trumpeter Outros: butcher, carpenter, grocer, plumber, usher - OR: actor, author, director, doctor, editor, professor, solicitor, surveyor, tailor - IST: cello cellist, piano pianist, violin violinist, trombone trombonist, geology geologist, physics physicist, economics economist, science scientist, telephone telephonist chemistry chemist, art artist -IAN: mathematics mathematician, music musician, politics politician, statistics statistician, history historian, library librarian, technique technician - ANT: account accountant, assist assistant, attend attendant, consult consultant and other words like: dependant, informant, inhabitant - ENT: resident, superintendent B) Algumas terminaes so acrescentadas a substantivos, verbos e adjetivos para formar substantivos abstratos: - TION: inform information, situate situation, solve solution, define definition, promote promotion and other words like: nation, station. - SION: verbos terminados em de formam substantivos com o sufixo sion explode explosion, persuade persuasion, invade invasion, conclude conclusion, decide decision - SION e SSION: verbos terminados em vert formam substantivos com -version convert conversion, pervert perversion - SSION: formam substantivos com verbos terminados em d ou de succeed succession, proceed procession, recede recession - MENT: na maioria das vezes forma substantivos a partir de verbos

amuse amusement, judge judgement, excite excitement, argue argument, state statement, arrange arrangement - NESS: forma substantivos partindo de adjetivos. sad sadness, ready readiness, useful usefulness, red redness, busy business - ANCE, - ENCE, - ANCY,- ENCY independent independence, attend attendance, account accountancy, efficient efficiency. Tambm: nuisance, conscience, emergency - ABILITY OR - IBILITY: formam substantivos de adjetivos terminados em able or ible respectively. probable probability, respectable respectability, possible possibility, responsible responsibility - ISM: used to describe all sorts of philosophies and other systems of belief. Adjetivo classical communist conservative defeatist liberal optimistic realistic romantic socialist Pessoa classicist communist conservative defeatist liberal optimist realist romantic socialist A crena classicism communism conservatism defeatism liberalism optimism realism romanticism socialism

C) Outros: - AL: arrival, committal, denial, dismissal, proposal, refusal, withdrawal - DOM: kingdom, wisdom - HOOD: likelihood, neighborhood - T: high height, weigh weight - TH: broad breadth, deep depth, long length, wide width Substantivos terminados em drum - drummer engine - engineer physics physicist economics economist survey - surveyor violin - violinist law - lawer chemistry - chemist drama - dramatist telephone - telephonist supervise - supervisor attend - attendant technology - technologist cello- cellist trumpet trumpeter ist, -er, -or, ian atribuindo qualificaes s pessoas : football - footballer science scientist organize organizer library - librarian comedy- comedian type typist trombone - trombonist photograph photographer music musician instruct - instructor accounts - accountant flute flautist democracy - democrat athletics- athlete gymnastics gymnast

Substantivos abstratos terminados em tion, -(s)sion, -ance, -ence,-ure, or ment a partir dos verbos: arrive- arrival add - addition agree - agreement amuse - amusement appear appearance associate - association assume - assumption authorize - authorization attend- attendance complete -completion conceive conception concentrate- concentration conclude conclusion confer- conference confuse -confusion deceive- deception decide - decision declare - declaration defend - defense judge - judgment observe - observation permit - permission prefer - preference provide - provision refer- reference simplify- simplification solve -solution refuse refusal compare comparison defy - defiance differ-difference disappoint- disappointment distinguish -distinction divide-division employ- employment endure -endurance enjoy -enjoyment entertain -entertainment explain- explanation explode- explosion explore -exploration fail -failure inform- information imitate -imitation interfere- interference intervene -intervention irritateirritation multiply- multiplication offend- offence persist -persistence proceed- procedure receive- reception repeat -repetition sign -signature revise- revision depart -departure

Formao dos Adjetivos

Os adjetivos em ingls so usados geralmente antes dos substantivos. Ex: right side, wrong place, big house, small room, nice girl, tall man, thin boys, black cars. H, no entanto, alguns sufixos, que acrescentados ao final da palavra, podem nos ajudar a identificar o significado de certos adjetivos. -y acrescentado a substantivo: air airy health cloud cloudy hunger dirt dirty luck ease easy mist fog foggy noise fun funny rubber grease greasy silk hair hairy thirst -ly acrescentado a substantivo:

healthy hungry lucky misty noisy rubbery silky thirsty

brother coward father friend man woman mother home

brotherly cowardly fatherly friendly manly womanly motherly homely

leisure life shape earth day week fortnight month

leisurely lively shapely earthly daily weekly fortnightly monthly

-like adicionado a substantivo business businesslike child childlike god godlike life lifelike workman workmanlike -ish acrescentado a substantivo child childish fool foolish man mannish snob snobbish Britain British Denmark Danish -ful adicionado a substantivo beauty beautiful care careful doubt doubtful faith faithful hope hopeful play playful -less acrescentado a substantivo aim aimless care careless hope hopeless life lifeless

Spain red green white fat young

Spanish reddish greenish whitish fattish youngish

shame skill truth use wonder harm meaning point tact use

shameful skilful truthful useful wonderful harmful

meaningless pointless tactless useless

-able acrescentado a substantivo ou verbo accept acceptable eat eatable adapt adaptable laugh laughable admire admirable love lovable answer answerable memory memorable avoid avoidable read readable bear bearable reason reasonable believe believable recognize recognizable change changeable regret regrettable consider considerable rely reliable debate debatable respect respectable deny deniable tax taxable

depend desire drink

dependable desirable drinkable

sale value wash

saleable valuable washable

-ive acrescentado a verbo administer administrative attract attractive construct constructive destroy destructive digest digestive exceed excessive extend extensive

explode impress intend possess progress respond succeed

explosive impressive intensive possessive progressive responsive successive

-ing ou ed alguns particpios so usados como adjetivos amazing daring frightening shocking amusing embarrassing interesting surprising boring entertaining pleasing thrilling charming exciting promising tiring confusing fascinating satisfying worrying amazed conceited excited reserved amused disappointed fascinated satisfied well-built embarrassed relaxed worried Exerccio: 1) ( FATEC ) Assinale a alternativa em que o adjetivo composto por dois substantivos, como na palavra "weight-loss". a) low-cholesterol meals. b) high-fat intake. c) western-style boots. d) well-known people. e) ice-cream flavors. 2) ( UFSM ) As palavras "independence" e "independent" so, respectivamente, um substantivo e um adjetivo. O mesmo ocorre, respectivamente, em a) reconciles - reconciliation. b) united - unity. c) suggestion - suggested. d) freedom free. e) practical - practically. 3) ( UERJ ) Nouns In English can be preceded by words of various grammatical classes. The construction which does Not contain a typical instance of adjectival modification is: a) ... Comeback Album ... b) ... German Director ... c) ... Successful Attempt ... d) ... Charming Documentary ...

4) ( ITA ) Os sufixos usados nas palavras nervousness, actually e surprising so formadores, respectivamente, de: a) substantivos, advrbios, adjetivos b) substantivos, adjetivos, advrbios c) adjetivos, advrbios, substantivos d) adjetivos, substantivos, advrbios e) advrbios, adjetivos, substantivos 5) ( EFOMM ) ___________ events are important for ___________. a) Culture, educate b) Cultural, education c) Culture, educational d) Cultural, educated e) Cultures, education 6) ( EFOMM ) The ________ in the supply of oil at a time of increasing consumption resulted in a severe energy crisis. a) reduction b) reducible c) reductive d) reductively e) reduce 7) ( PUC PR ) The baseball game was so _______ that the spectators were shouting and jumping out of their seats. a) excited b) excitable c) excitement d) exciting e) excite 8) ( UEL ) Um antnimo para a palavra careful : a) carefully b) careless c) carelessly d) prompt e) cherish 9) ( EFOMM ) When the police investigated the Bank robbery they discovered the $ 10,000 had been stolen. After the __________ the Bank employees were very upset. a) discovered b) discover c) discovery d) discoverable e) to discover 10) ( EFOMM ) You can trust Henry to take care of your health, for he is a very good__________. a) professor b) sailor

c) servant d) musician e) physician Gabarito: 1) E, 2) D, 3) A, 4) A, 5) B, 6) A, 7) D, 8) B, 9) C, 10) E