Chapter 1 : Introduction to Statistics

TUTORIAL 1.1
1. Explain whether the following statement constitutes a population or sample. a. Monthly gross profit per annum (in millions) for a company. [SAMPLE] b. Number of customers coming to 5 stores per hour. [SAMPLE] c. Height of 50 kids in the kindergarten. [SAMPLE] d. Number of phone calls received by all departments in UNISEL per day. [POPULATION] e. CGPA of all students in Malaya University. [POPULATION] f. Time taken by all sprinters in SEA Games VII. [POPULATION] 2. Determine whether each of the following statement is quantitative or qualitative data. a. Height of students in physical education class. [QUANTITATIVE] b. Types of book borrowed by students in a library. [QUALITATIVE] c. Number of computers sent for repair per month. [QUANTITATIVE] d. Average income for all families in Kuala Lumpur. [QUALITATIVE] e. Citizenship of foreign workers in Malaysia. [QUALITATIVE] 3. Determine whether each of the following is discrete or continuous variable. a. Number of cars per house. [DISCRETE] b. Amount of salt per dish. [CONTINUOUS] c. Weight of 20 newborn babies. [CONTINUOUS] d. Number of goals scored per game. [DISCRETE] e. Time taken by 50 students to answer 50 multiple choice questions for Statistics subject. [CONTINUOUS] 4. The following table lists four pairs of m and f values :

m f
Compute the following :

12 5

15 9

20 10

30 16

a.

Solution : 12 + 15 + 20 + 30 = 77
b.

Solution : 52 + 92 + 102 + 162 = 462

c.

Solution : (12)(5) + (15)(9) + (20)(10) + (30)(16) = 875

d.

Solution : (122)(5) + (152)(9) + (202)(10) + (302)(16) = 21 145

AZIZI BIN AHMAD <3123006961> (1/13/34) PRINCIPLES OF BIOSTATISTICS (FMD 1343) MADAM SHAHIDA BT ABD LATIF DIPLOMA IN BIOTECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY (3/12/34)

Chapter 1 : Introduction to Statistics

5. Classify each variable as discrete or continuous a. Number of doughnuts sold each day by Doughnut Heaven. [DISCRETE] b. Water temperatures of six swimming pools in Pittsburgh on a given day. [CONTINUOUS] c. Weights of cats in pet shelter. [CONTINUOUS] d. Lifetime (in hours) of 12 flashlight batteries. [CONTINUOUS] e. Number of cheeseburgers sold each day by a hamburger stand on a college campus. [DISCRETE] f. Number of DVDs rented each day by a video store. [DISCRETE] g. Capacity (in gallons) of six reservoirs in Jefferson Country. [CONTINUOUS]

6. The following table lists six pairs of x and y values. 4 12 Compute 18 5 25 14 9 7 12 12 20 8

a.

Solution : 4 + 18 + 25 + 9 + 12 + 20 = 88
b.

Solution : 12 + 5 + 14 + 7 + 12 + 8 = 58
c.

Solution : (4)(12) + (18)(5) + (25)(14) + (9)(7) + (12)(12) + (20)(8) 48 + 90 + 350 + 63 + 144 + 160 = 855
d.

Solution : (42) + (182) + (252) + (92) + (122) + (202) = 1590

e.

Solution : (122) + (52) + (142) + (72) + (122) + (82) = 622

AZIZI BIN AHMAD <3123006961> (1/13/34) PRINCIPLES OF BIOSTATISTICS (FMD 1343) MADAM SHAHIDA BT ABD LATIF DIPLOMA IN BIOTECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY (3/12/34)

Chapter 1 : Introduction to Statistics

7. The table below shows the final examination marks for Statistics subject for all 400 students. The lowest mark is 0 and the highest mark is 99. Marks 09 10 19 20 29 30 39 40 49 50 59 60 69 70 79 80 89 90 99 No. of Students 10 26 42 66 83 71 52 30 14 6

a) Compile the frequency distribution table and cumulative frequency table.

Solution : Marks 09 10 19 20 29 30 39 40 49 50 59 60 69 70 79 80 89 90 99 No. of Students 0 10 26 42 66 83 71 52 30 14 6 Midpoints 4.5 14.5 24.5 34.5 44.5 54.5 64.5 74.5 84.5 94.5 Upper Boundaries 0 9.5 19.5 29.5 39.5 49.5 59.5 69.5 79.5 89.5 99.5 Cumulative Frequency 0 10 36 78 144 227 298 350 380 394 400

AZIZI BIN AHMAD <3123006961> (1/13/34) PRINCIPLES OF BIOSTATISTICS (FMD 1343) MADAM SHAHIDA BT ABD LATIF DIPLOMA IN BIOTECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY (3/12/34)

Chapter 1 : Introduction to Statistics

b) Draw : i) a polygon based on the frequency distribution

AZIZI BIN AHMAD <3123006961> (1/13/34) PRINCIPLES OF BIOSTATISTICS (FMD 1343) MADAM SHAHIDA BT ABD LATIF DIPLOMA IN BIOTECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY (3/12/34)

Chapter 1 : Introduction to Statistics

ii)

an ogive curve based on the cumulative frequency

AZIZI BIN AHMAD <3123006961> (1/13/34) PRINCIPLES OF BIOSTATISTICS (FMD 1343) MADAM SHAHIDA BT ABD LATIF DIPLOMA IN BIOTECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY (3/12/34)

Chapter 1 : Introduction to Statistics

c) How many students fail the course if the passing mark is 50? Give the percentage of the failures.

Solution : Marks 09 10 19 20 29 30 39 40 49 50 59 60 69 70 79 80 89 90 99 Sum No. of Students 10 26 42 66 83 71 52 30 14 6 400 Relative Frequency 10/400 = 0.025 26/400 = 0.065 42/400 = 0.105 66/400 = 0.165 83/400 = 0.2075 71/400 = 0.1775 52/400 = 0.13 30/400 = 0.075 14/400 = 0.035 6/400 = 0.015 1.00 Percentage 2.5 6.5 10.5 16.5 20.75 17.75 13 7.5 3.5 1.5 100

Thus, marks < 50 is the failing marks which have been bolded in the table above, with the total percentage of failures is 56.75%.

AZIZI BIN AHMAD <3123006961> (1/13/34) PRINCIPLES OF BIOSTATISTICS (FMD 1343) MADAM SHAHIDA BT ABD LATIF DIPLOMA IN BIOTECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY (3/12/34)

Chapter 1 : Introduction to Statistics

8. The following table shows the duration (in days) between the time the electric bill was issued and the payment was made. 22 1 15 18 17 15 11 21 31 4 29 38 24 30 20 41 11 34 16 20 14 32 18 27 9 35 17 13 26 33 21 5 16 12 28 8 23 25 10 6 25 28 2 18 24 36 16 9 20 15

a) Construct a frequency distribution with a class interval of 7 days and the lower class limit of the first class is 1 day.

Solution : Class Intervals 17 8 14 15 21 22 28 29 - 35 36 42 Frequency 5 9 16 10 7 3 Class Boundaries 0.5 7.5 7.5 14.5 14.5 21.5 21.5 28.5 28.5 35.5 35.5 42.5

b) Draw a histogram to represent this information.

AZIZI BIN AHMAD <3123006961> (1/13/34) PRINCIPLES OF BIOSTATISTICS (FMD 1343) MADAM SHAHIDA BT ABD LATIF DIPLOMA IN BIOTECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY (3/12/34)