HTML N HTML 5 Tutorial

Examples in Each Chapter
This HTML tutorial contains hundreds of HTML examples. With our online HTML editor, you can edit the HTML, and click on a button to view the result.
Example
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <body> <h1>My First Heading</h1> <p>My first paragraph.</p> </body> </html>
Writing HTML Using Notepad or TextEdit

HTML can be edited by using a professional HTML editor like:

Adobe Dreamweaver Microsoft Expression Web CoffeeCup HTML Editor
However, for learning HTML we recommend a text editor like Notepad (PC) or TextEdit (Mac). We believe using a simple text editor is a good way to learn HTML. Follow the 4 steps below to create your first web page with Notepad.
Step 1: Start Notepad

To start Notepad go to: Start All Programs Accessories Notepad
Step 2: Edit Your HTML with Notepad

Type your HTML code into your Notepad:
Step 3: Save Your HTML

Select Save as.. in Notepad's file menu. When you save an HTML file, you can use either the .htm or the .html file extension. There is no difference, it is entirely up to you. Save the file in a folder that is easy to remember, like w3schools.
Step 4: Run the HTML in Your Browser

Start your web browser and open your html file from the File, Open menu, or just browse the folder and double-click your HTML file. The result should look much like this:
Don't worry if the examples use tags you have not learned.
You will learn about them in the next chapters.
HTML Headings
HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.
Example
<h1>This is a heading</h1> <h2>This is a heading</h2> <h3>This is a heading</h3> Try it yourself
HTML Paragraphs
HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.
Example
<p>This is a paragraph.</p> <p>This is another paragraph.</p> Try it yourself
HTML Links
HTML links are defined with the <a> tag.
Example
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a> Try it yourself Note: The link address is specified in the href attribute. (You will learn about attributes in a later chapter of this tutorial).
HTML Images
HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.
Example
<img src="w3schools.jpg" width="104" height="142"> HTML documents are defined by HTML elements.
HTML Elements
An HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:
Element content <p> This is a paragraph <a href="default.htm"> This is a link <br>
Start tag *
End tag * </p> </a>
* The start tag is often called the opening tag. The end tag is often called the closing tag.
HTML Element Syntax

An HTML element starts with a start tag / opening tag An HTML element ends with an end tag / closing tag The element content is everything between the start and the end tag Some HTML elements have empty content Empty elements are closed in the start tag Most HTML elements can have attributes
Tip: You will learn about attributes in the next chapter of this tutorial.
Nested HTML Elements

Most HTML elements can be nested (can contain other HTML elements). HTML documents consist of nested HTML elements.
HTML Document Example

<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <body>
<p>This is my first paragraph.</p> </body> </html> The example above contains 3 HTML elements.
HTML Example Explained

The <p> element: <p>This is my first paragraph.</p> The <p> element defines a paragraph in the HTML document. The element has a start tag <p> and an end tag </p>. The element content is: This is my first paragraph. The <body> element: <body> <p>This is my first paragraph.</p> </body> The <body> element defines the body of the HTML document. The element has a start tag <body> and an end tag </body>. The element content is another HTML element (a p element). The <html> element: <html> <body> <p>This is my first paragraph.</p> </body> </html> The <html> element defines the whole HTML document. The element has a start tag <html> and an end tag </html>. The element content is another HTML element (the body element).
Don't Forget the End Tag

Some HTML elements might display correctly even if you forget the end tag: <p>This is a paragraph <p>This is a paragraph
The example above works in most browsers, because the closing tag is considered optional. Never rely on this. Many HTML elements will produce unexpected results and/or errors if you forget the end tag .
Empty HTML Elements

HTML elements with no content are called empty elements. <br> is an empty element without a closing tag (the <br> tag defines a line break). Tip: In XHTML, all elements must be closed. Adding a slash inside the start tag, like <br />, is the proper way of closing empty elements in XHTML (and XML).
HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Tags

HTML tags are not case sensitive: <P> means the same as <p>. Many web sites use uppercase HTML tags. W3Schools use lowercase tags because the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends lowercase in HTML 4, and demands lowercase tags in XHTML.
HTML Attributes
Previous Next Chapter
Attributes provide additional information about HTML elements.
HTML Attributes

HTML elements can have attributes Attributes provide additional information about an element Attributes are always specified in the start tag Attributes come in name/value pairs like: name="value"
Attribute Example
HTML links are defined with the <a> tag. The link address is specified in the href attribute:
Example
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a> Try it yourself
HTML Headings
Headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags. <h1> defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the least important heading.
Example
<h1>This is a heading</h1> <h2>This is a heading</h2> <h3>This is a heading</h3> Try it yourself Note: Browsers automatically add some empty space (a margin) before and after each heading.
Headings Are Important

Use HTML headings for headings only. Don't use headings to make text BIG or bold. Search engines use your headings to index the structure and content of your web pages. Since users may skim your pages by its headings, it is important to use headings to show the document structure. H1 headings should be used as main headings, followed by H2 headings, then the less important H3 headings, and so on.
HTML Lines
The <hr>tag creates a horizontal line in an HTML page. The hr element can be used to separate content:
Example
<p>This is a paragraph.</p> <hr> <p>This is a paragraph.</p> <hr> <p>This is a paragraph.</p>
Try it yourself
HTML Comments
Comments can be inserted into the HTML code to make it more readable and understandable. Comments are ignored by the browser and are not displayed. Comments are written like this:
Example
 Try it yourself HTML documents are divided into paragraphs.
HTML Paragraphs
Paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.
Example
<p>This is a paragraph</p> <p>This is another paragraph</p> Try it yourself Note: Browsers automatically add an empty line before and after a paragraph.
Don't Forget the End Tag

Most browsers will display HTML correctly even if you forget the end tag:
Example
<p>This is a paragraph <p>This is another paragraph Try it yourself The example above will work in most browsers, but don't rely on it. Forgetting the end tag can produce unexpected results or errors.
Note: Future version of HTML will not allow you to skip end tags.
HTML Line Breaks

Use the <br> tag if you want a line break (a new line) without starting a new paragraph:
Example
<p>This is<br>a para<br>graph with line breaks</p> Try it yourself The <br> element is an empty HTML element. It has no end tag.
HTML Text Formatting

This text is bold This text is italic
This is computer output
This is subscript and superscript

Try it yourself
HTML Formatting Tags

HTML uses tags like <b> and <i> for formatting output, like bold or italic text. These HTML tags are called formatting tags (look at the bottom of this page for a complete reference). Often <strong> renders as <b>, and <em> renders as <i>. However, there is a difference in the meaning of these tags: <b> or <i> defines bold or italic text only. <strong> or <em> means that you want the text to be rendered in a way that the user understands as "important". Today, all major browsers render strong as bold and em as italics. However, if a browser one day wants to make a text highlighted with the strong feature, it might be cursive for example and not bold!
Try it Yourself - Examples
Text formatting How to format text in an HTML document. Preformatted text How to control the line breaks and spaces with the pre tag. "Computer output" tags How different "computer output" tags will be displayed. Address How to define contact information for the author/owner of an HTML document. Abbreviations and acronyms How to handle abbreviations and acronyms. Text direction How to change the text direction. Quotations How to handle long and short quotations. Deleted and inserted text How to mark deleted and inserted text.
HTML Text Formatting Tags

Tag <b> <em> <i> <small> <strong> <sub> <sup> <ins> <del> Description Defines bold text Defines emphasized text Defines a part of text in an alternate voice or mood Defines smaller text Defines important text Defines subscripted text Defines superscripted text Defines inserted text Defines deleted text
HTML "Computer Output" Tags

Tag <code> <kbd> <samp> <var> <pre> Description Defines computer code text Defines keyboard text Defines sample computer code Defines a variable Defines preformatted text
HTML Citations, Quotations, and Definition Tags
Tag <abbr> <address> <bdo> <blockquote> <q> <cite> <dfn>
Description Defines an abbreviation or acronym Defines contact information for the author/owner of a document Defines the text direction Defines a section that is quoted from another source Defines an inline (short) quotation Defines the title of a work Defines a definition term
HTML Hyperlinks (Links)

The HTML <a> tag defines a hyperlink. A hyperlink (or link) is a word, group of words, or image that you can click on to jump to another document. When you move the cursor over a link in a Web page, the arrow will turn into a little hand. The most important attribute of the <a> element is the href attribute, which indicates the links destination. By default, links will appear as follows in all browsers:

An unvisited link is underlined and blue A visited link is underlined and purple An active link is underlined and red
HTML Link Syntax

The HTML code for a link is simple. It looks like this: <a href="url">Link text</a> The href attribute specifies the destination of a link.
Example
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com/">Visit W3Schools</a> which will display like this: Visit W3Schools Clicking on this hyperlink will send the user to W3Schools' homepage. Tip: The "Link text" doesn't have to be text. It can be an image or any other HTML element.
HTML Links - The target Attribute
The target attribute specifies where to open the linked document. The example below will open the linked document in a new browser window or a new tab:
Example
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com/" target="_blank">Visit W3Schools!</a> Try it yourself
HTML Links - The id Attribute

The id attribute can be used to create a bookmark inside an HTML document. Tip: Bookmarks are not displayed in any special way. They are invisible to the reader.
Example
An anchor with an id inside an HTML document: <a id="tips">Useful Tips Section</a> Create a link to the "Useful Tips Section" inside the same document: <a href="#tips">Visit the Useful Tips Section</a> Or, create a link to the "Useful Tips Section" from another page: <a href="http://www.w3schools.com/html_links.htm#tips"> Visit the Useful Tips Section</a>
Basic Notes - Useful Tips

Note: Always add a trailing slash to subfolder references. If you link like this: href="http://www.w3schools.com/html", you will generate two requests to the server, the server will first add a slash to the address, and then create a new request like this: href="http://www.w3schools.com/html/".
More Examples
An image as a link How to use an image as a link.
Link to a location on the same page How to link to a bookmark. Break out of a frame How to break out of a frame (if your site is locked in a frame). Create a mailto link How to link to a mail message (will only work if you have mail installed). Create a mailto link 2 Another mailto link.
HTML Link Tags

Tag <a> Description Defines a hyperlink

<title> - Define a title for an HTML document Use the <title> tag to define a title for a document. <base> - Default URL and target for all links Use the <base> tag to specify a default URL and a default target for all links on a page. <meta> - Provide metadata for an HTML document Use <meta> elements to specify a description, keywords, author, and character set of a document.
The HTML <head> Element

The <head> element is a container for all the head elements. Elements inside <head> can include scripts, instruct the browser where to find style sheets, provide meta information, and more. The following tags can be added to the head section: <title>, <style>, <meta>, <link>, <script>, <noscript>, and <base>.
The HTML <title> Element

The <title> tag defines the title of the document. The <title> element is required in all HTML/XHTML documents. The <title> element:

defines a title in the browser toolbar provides a title for the page when it is added to favorites
displays a title for the page in search-engine results
A simplified HTML document: <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Title of the document</title> </head> <body> The content of the document...... </body> </html>
The HTML <base> Element

The <base> tag specifies the base URL/target for all relative URLs in a page: <head> <base href="http://www.w3schools.com/images/" target="_blank"> </head>
The HTML <link> Element

The <link> tag defines the relationship between a document and an external resource. The <link> tag is most used to link to style sheets: <head> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="mystyle.css"> </head>
The HTML <style> Element

The <style> tag is used to define style information for an HTML document. Inside the <style> element you specify how HTML elements should render in a browser: <head> <style type="text/css"> body {background-color:yellow} p {color:blue} </style> </head>
The HTML <meta> Element

Metadata is data (information) about data. The <meta> tag provides metadata about the HTML document. Metadata will not be displayed on the page, but will be machine parsable. Meta elements are typically used to specify page description, keywords, author of the document, last modified, and other metadata. The metadata can be used by browsers (how to display content or reload page), search engines (keywords), or other web services. <meta> tags always goes inside the <head> element.
<meta> Tags - Examples of Use

Define keywords for search engines: <meta name="keywords" content="HTML, CSS, XML, XHTML, JavaScript"> Define a description of your web page: <meta name="description" content="Free Web tutorials on HTML and CSS"> Define the author of a page: <meta name="author" content="Hege Refsnes"> Refresh document every 30 seconds: <meta http-equiv="refresh" content="30">
The HTML <script> Element

The <script> tag is used to define a client-side script, such as a JavaScript. The <script> element will be explained in a later chapter.
HTML head Elements

Tag <head> <title> <base> <link> <meta> Description Defines information about the document Defines the title of a document Defines a default address or a default target for all links on a page Defines the relationship between a document and an external resource Defines metadata about an HTML document
<script> <style>
Defines a client-side script Defines style information for a document
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is used to style HTML elements.
Look! Styles and colors

M a n i p u l a t e C o l o r s , and more... T e x t B o x e s
Try it yourself

Using styles in HTML How to add style information inside the <head> section. Link that is not underlined How to make a link that is not underlined, with the style attribute. Link to an external style sheet How to use the <link> tag to link to an external style sheet.
Styling HTML with CSS

CSS was introduced together with HTML 4, to provide a better way to style HTML elements. CSS can be added to HTML in the following ways:

Inline - using the style attribute in HTML elements Internal - using the <style> element in the <head> section External - using an external CSS file
The preferred way to add CSS to HTML, is to put CSS syntax in separate CSS files. However, in this HTML tutorial we will introduce you to CSS using the style attribute. This is done to simplify the examples. It also makes it easier for you to edit the code and try it yourself. You can learn everything about CSS in our CSS Tutorial.
Inline Styles
An inline style can be used if a unique style is to be applied to one single occurrence of an element. To use inline styles, use the style attribute in the relevant tag. The style attribute can contain any CSS property. The example below shows how to change the text color and the left margin of a paragraph:
<p style="color:blue;margin-left:20px;">This is a paragraph.</p>
To learn more about style sheets, visit our CSS tutorial.
HTML Style Example - Background Color

The background-color property defines the background color for an element:
Example
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <body style="background-color:yellow;"> <h2 style="background-color:red;">This is a heading</h2> <p style="background-color:green;">This is a paragraph.</p> </body> </html> Try it yourself
The background-color property makes the "old" bgcolor attribute obsolete. Try it yourself: Background color the old way
HTML Style Example - Font, Color and Size

The font-family, color, and font-size properties defines the font, color, and size of the text in an element:
Example
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <body> <h1 style="font-family:verdana;">A heading</h1> <p style="font-family:arial;color:red;font-size:20px;">A paragraph.</p>
</body> </html> Try it yourself
The font-family, color, and font-size properties make the old <font> tag obsolete.
HTML Style Example - Text Alignment

The text-align property specifies the horizontal alignment of text in an element:
Example
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <body> <h1 style="text-align:center;">Center-aligned heading</h1> <p>This is a paragraph.</p> </body> </html> Try it yourself
The text-align property makes the old <center> tag obsolete. Try it yourself: Centered heading the old way
Internal Style Sheet

An internal style sheet can be used if one single document has a unique style. Internal styles are defined in the <head> section of an HTML page, by using the <style> tag, like this:
<head> <style type="text/css"> body {background-color:yellow;} p {color:blue;} </style> </head>
External Style Sheet

An external style sheet is ideal when the style is applied to many pages. With an external style sheet, you can change the look of an entire Web site by changing one file. Each page must link to the style sheet using the <link> tag. The <link> tag goes inside the <head> section:
<head> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="mystyle.css"> </head>
HTML Style Tags

Tag Description <styl Defines style information for a document e> <link Defines the relationship between a document and an > external resource
Deprecated Tags and Attributes

In HTML 4, several tags and attributes were used to style documents. These tags are not supported in newer versions of HTML. Avoid using the elements: <font>, <center>, and <strike>, and the attributes: color and bgcolor.
HTML Images
Example Norwegian Mountain Trip
Try it yourself

Insert images How to insert images into an HTML document. Insert images from different locations How to insert an image from another folder or another server. (You can find more examples at the bottom of this page).
HTML Images - The <img> Tag and the Src Attribute

In HTML, images are defined with the <img> tag. The <img> tag is empty, which means that it contains attributes only, and has no closing tag. To display an image on a page, you need to use the src attribute. Src stands for "source". The value of the src attribute is the URL of the image you want to display. Syntax for defining an image:
<img src="url" alt="some_text">
The URL points to the location where the image is stored. An image named "boat.gif", located in the "images" directory on "www.w3schools.com" has the URL: http://www.w3schools.com/images/boat.gif. The browser displays the image where the <img> tag occurs in the document. If you put an image tag between two paragraphs, the browser shows the first paragraph, then the image, and then the second paragraph.
HTML Images - The Alt Attribute

The required alt attribute specifies an alternate text for an image, if the image cannot be displayed. The value of the alt attribute is an author-defined text:
<img src="boat.gif" alt="Big Boat">
The alt attribute provides alternative information for an image if a user for some reason cannot view it (because of slow connection, an error in the src attribute, or if the user uses a screen reader).
HTML Images - Set Height and Width of an Image

The height and width attributes are used to specify the height and width of an image. The attribute values are specified in pixels by default:
<img src="pulpit.jpg" alt="Pulpit rock" width="304" height="228">
Tip: It is a good practice to specify both the height and width attributes for an image. If these attributes are set, the space required for the image is reserved when the page is loaded. However, without these attributes, the browser does not know the size of the image. The effect will be that the page layout will change during loading (while the images load).

Note: If an HTML file contains ten images - eleven files are required to display the page right. Loading images takes time, so my best advice is: Use images carefully. Note: When a web page is loaded, it is the browser, at that moment, that actually gets the image from a web server and inserts it into the page. Therefore, make sure that the images actually stay in the same spot in relation to the web page, otherwise your visitors will get a broken link icon. The broken link icon is shown if the browser cannot find the image.
More Examples
Aligning images How to align an image within the text. Let an image float to the left and to the right How to let an image float to the left or right of a paragraph.
Make a hyperlink of an image How to use an image as a link. Create an image map How to create an image map, with clickable regions. Each region is a hyperlink.
HTML Image Tags

Tag Description <img Defines an image > <ma Defines an image-map p> <are Defines a clickable area inside an a> image-map
HTML Tables
HTML Table Example:

First Name Jill Eve John Adam Last Name Smith Jackson Doe Johnson Point s 50 94 80 67
Tables How to create tables in an HTML document. (You can find more examples at the bottom of this page).
HTML Tables
Tables are defined with the <table> tag. A table is divided into rows (with the <tr> tag), and each row is divided into data cells (with the <td> tag). td stands for "table data," and holds the content of a data cell. A <td> tag can contain text, links, images, lists, forms, other tables, etc.
Table Example
<table border="1"> <tr> <td>row 1, cell 1</td> <td>row 1, cell 2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>row 2, cell 1</td> <td>row 2, cell 2</td> </tr> </table>
How the HTML code above looks in a browser:

row 1, cell row 1, cell 1 2 row 2, cell row 2, cell 1 2
HTML Tables and the Border Attribute

If you do not specify a border attribute, the table will be displayed without borders. Sometimes this can be useful, but most of the time, we want the borders to show. To display a table with borders, specify the border attribute:
<table border="1"> <tr> <td>Row 1, cell 1</td> <td>Row 1, cell 2</td>
</tr> </table>
HTML Table Headers

Header information in a table are defined with the <th> tag. All major browsers display the text in the <th> element as bold and centered.
<table border="1"> <tr> <th>Header 1</th> <th>Header 2</th> </tr> <tr> <td>row 1, cell 1</td> <td>row 1, cell 2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>row 2, cell 1</td> <td>row 2, cell 2</td> </tr> </table>
How the HTML code above looks in your browser:

Header 1 Header 2 row 1, cell row 1, cell 1 2 row 2, cell row 2, cell 1 2
More Examples
Tables without borders How to create tables without borders.
Table headers How to create table headers. Table with a caption How to add a caption to a table. Table cells that span more than one row/column How to define table cells that span more than one row or one column. Tags inside a table How to display elements inside other elements. Cell padding How to use cellpadding to create more white space between the cell content and its borders. Cell spacing How to use cellspacing to increase the distance between the cells.
HTML Table Tags

Tag Description <table> Defines a table <th> <tr> <td> Defines a header cell in a table Defines a row in a table Defines a cell in a table
<caption Defines a table caption > <colgrou Specifies a group of one or more columns in a table for p> formatting <col> Specifies column properties for each column within a <colgroup> element
<thead> Groups the header content in a table <tbody> Groups the body content in a table <tfoot> Groups the footer content in a table
HTML Lists
The most common HTML lists are ordered and unordered lists:
HTML Lists
An ordered list: 1. The first list item 2. The second list item 3. The third list item An unordered list: List item List item
List item
Try-It-Yourself Examples
Unordered list How to create an unordered list in an HTML document. Ordered list How to create an ordered list in an HTML document. (You can find more examples at the bottom of this page).
HTML Unordered Lists

An unordered list starts with the <ul> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag. The list items are marked with bullets (typically small black circles).
<ul> <li>Coffee</li> <li>Milk</li> </ul>

Coffee Milk
HTML Ordered Lists

An ordered list starts with the <ol> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag. The list items are marked with numbers.
<ol> <li>Coffee</li>
<li>Milk</li> </ol>

1. Coffee 2. Milk
HTML Description Lists

A description list is a list of terms/names, with a description of each term/name. The <dl> tag defines a description list. The <dl> tag is used in conjunction with <dt> (defines terms/names) and <dd> (describes each term/name):
<dl> <dt>Coffee</dt> <dd>- black hot drink</dd> <dt>Milk</dt> <dd>- white cold drink</dd> </dl>

Coffee - black hot drink Milk - white cold drink

Tip: Inside a list item you can put text, line breaks, images, links, other lists, etc.
More Examples
Different types of ordered lists Demonstrates different types of ordered lists.
Different types of unordered lists Demonstrates different types of unordered lists. Nested list Demonstrates how you can nest lists. Nested list 2 Demonstrates a more complicated nested list. Description list Demonstrates a definition list.
HTML List Tags

Tag Description <ol Defines an ordered list > <ul Defines an unordered list > <li> Defines a list item <dl Defines a description list > <dt Defines a term/name in a description list > <dd Defines a description of a term/name in a > description list
HTML <div> and <span>

HTML elements can be grouped together with <div> and <span>.
HTML Block Elements

Most HTML elements are defined as block level elements or as inline elements. Block level elements normally start (and end) with a new line when displayed in a browser.
Examples: <h1>, <p>, <ul>, <table>
HTML Inline Elements

Inline elements are normally displayed without starting a new line. Examples: <b>, <td>, <a>, <img>
The HTML <div> Element

The HTML <div> element is a block level element that can be used as a container for grouping other HTML elements. The <div> element has no special meaning. Except that, because it is a block level element, the browser will display a line break before and after it. When used together with CSS, the <div> element can be used to set style attributes to large blocks of content. Another common use of the <div> element, is for document layout. It replaces the "old way" of defining layout using tables. Using <table> elements for layout is not the correct use of <table>. The purpose of the <table> element is to display tabular data.
The HTML <span> Element

The HTML <span> element is an inline element that can be used as a container for text. The <span> element has no special meaning. When used together with CSS, the <span> element can be used to set style attributes to parts of the text.
HTML Grouping Tags

Tag Description <div Defines a section in a document > (block-level) <spa Defines a section in a document n> (inline)
HTML Layouts
Previous
Next Chapter
Web page layout is very important to make your website look good. Design your webpage layout very carefully.

Web page layout using <div> elements How to add layout using <div> elements. Web page layout using <table> elements How to add layout using <table> elements.
Website Layouts
Most websites have put their content in multiple columns (formatted like a magazine or newspaper). Multiple columns are created by using <div> or <table> elements. CSS are used to position elements, or to create backgrounds or colorful look for the pages.
Even though it is possible to create nice layouts with HTML tables, tables were designed for presenting tabular data - NOT as a layout tool!
HTML Layouts - Using <div> Elements

The div element is a block level element used for grouping HTML elements. The following example uses five div elements to create a multiple column layout, creating the same result as in the previous example:
Example
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <body> <div id="container" style="width:500px">
<div id="header" style="background-color:#FFA500;"> <h1 style="margin-bottom:0;">Main Title of Web Page</h1></div> <div id="menu" style="background-color:#FFD700;height:200px;width:100px;float:left;"> <b>Menu</b><br> HTML<br> CSS<br> JavaScript</div> <div id="content" style="background-color:#EEEEEE;height:200px;width:400px;float:left;"> Content goes here</div> <div id="footer" style="background-color:#FFA500;clear:both;text-align:center;"> Copyright W3Schools.com</div> </div> </body> </html> Try it yourself
The HTML code above will produce the following result:
Main Title of Web Page

Menu HTML CSS JavaScript Content goes here Copyright W3Schools.com
HTML Layouts - Using Tables

A simple way of creating layouts is by using the HTML <table> tag. Multiple columns are created by using <div> or <table> elements. CSS are used to position elements, or to create backgrounds or colorful look for the pages.
Using <table> to create a nice layout is NOT the correct use of the element. The purpose of the <table> element is to display tabular data!
The following example uses a table with 3 rows and 2 columns - the first and last row spans both columns using the colspan attribute:
Example
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <body> <table width="500" border="0"> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#FFA500;"> <h1>Main Title of Web Page</h1> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFD700;width:100px;"> <b>Menu</b><br> HTML<br> CSS<br> JavaScript </td> <td style="background-color:#EEEEEE;height:200px;width:400px;"> Content goes here</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#FFA500;text-align:center;"> Copyright W3Schools.com</td> </tr> </table> </body> </html> Try it yourself
The HTML code above will produce the following result:
Main Title of Web Page
Menu HTML CSS JavaScript
Content goes here
Copyright W3Schools.com
HTML Layout - Useful Tips

Tip: The biggest advantage of using CSS is that, if you place the CSS code in an external style sheet, your site becomes MUCH EASIER to maintain. You can change the layout of all your pages by editing one file. To learn more about CSS, study our CSS tutorial. Tip: Because advanced layouts take time to create, a quicker option is to use a template. Search Google for free website templates (these are pre-built website layouts you can use and customize).
HTML Layout Tags

Tag <div> <span> Description Defines a section in a document (block-level) Defines a section in a document (inline)
HTML Forms and Input

HTML Forms are used to select different kinds of user input.

Create text fields How to create text fields. The user can write text in a text field. Create password field How to create a password field. (You can find more examples at the bottom of this page)
HTML Forms
HTML forms are used to pass data to a server. An HTML form can contain input elements like text fields, checkboxes, radio-buttons, submit buttons and more. A form can also contain select lists, textarea, fieldset, legend, and label elements. The <form> tag is used to create an HTML form:
<form> . input elements . </form>
HTML Forms - The Input Element

The most important form element is the <input> element. The <input> element is used to select user information. An <input> element can vary in many ways, depending on the type attribute. An <input> element can be of type text field, checkbox, password, radio button, submit button, and more. The most common input types are described below.
Text Fields
<input type="text"> defines a one-line input field that a user can enter text into:
<form> First name: <input type="text" name="firstname"><br> Last name: <input type="text" name="lastname"> </form>

First name: Last name:
Note: The form itself is not visible. Also note that the default width of a text field is 20 characters.
Password Field
<input type="password"> defines a password field:
<form> Password: <input type="password" name="pwd"> </form>

Password:
Note: The characters in a password field are masked (shown as asterisks or circles).
Radio Buttons
<input type="radio"> defines a radio button. Radio buttons let a user select ONLY ONE of a limited number of choices:
<form> <input type="radio" name="sex" value="male">Male<br> <input type="radio" name="sex" value="female">Female </form>

Male Female
Checkboxes
<input type="checkbox"> defines a checkbox. Checkboxes let a user select ZERO or MORE options of a limited number of choices.
<form> <input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Bike">I have a bike<br> <input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Car">I have a car </form>

I have a bike I have a car
Submit Button
<input type="submit"> defines a submit button. A submit button is used to send form data to a server. The data is sent to the page specified in the form's action attribute. The file defined in the action attribute usually does something with the received input:
<form name="input" action="html_form_action.asp" method="get"> Username: <input type="text" name="user"> <input type="submit" value="Submit"> </form>

Username:
If you type some characters in the text field above, and click the "Submit" button, the browser will send your input to a page called "html_form_action.asp". The page will show you the received input.
More Input Examples

Radio buttons How to create radio buttons. Checkboxes How to create checkboxes. A user can select or unselect a checkbox. Simple drop-down list How to create a simple drop-down list.
Drop-down list with a pre-selected value How to create a drop-down list with a pre-selected value. Textarea How to create a multi-line text input control. In a text-area the user can write an unlimited number of characters. Create a button How to create a button.
Form Examples
Fieldset around form-data How to create a border around elements in a form. Form with text fields and a submit button How to create a form with two text fields and a submit button. Form with checkboxes How to create a form with two checkboxes and a submit button. Form with radio buttons How to create a form with two radio buttons, and a submit button. Send e-mail from a form How to send e-mail from a form.
HTML Form Tags

New : New tags in HTML5.
Tag <form> <input> Description Defines an HTML form for user input Defines an input control
<textarea> Defines a multiline input control (text area) <label> Defines a label for an <input> element
<fieldset> Groups related elements in a form <legend> <select> Defines a caption for a <fieldset> element Defines a drop-down list
<optgroup Defines a group of related options in a drop> down list <option> Defines an option in a drop-down list
<button>
Defines a clickable button
<datalist> Specifies a list of pre-defined options for New input controls <keygen> Defines a key-pair generator field (for forms) New <output>N Defines the result of a calculation ew
HTML Iframes
An iframe is used to display a web page within a web page.
Syntax for adding an iframe:

<iframe src="URL"></iframe>
The URL points to the location of the separate page.
Iframe - Set Height and Width

The height and width attributes are used to specify the height and width of the iframe. The attribute values are specified in pixels by default, but they can also be in percent (like "80%").
Example
<iframe src="demo_iframe.htm" width="200" height="200"></iframe> Try it yourself
Iframe - Remove the Border

The frameborder attribute specifies whether or not to display a border around the iframe. Set the attribute value to "0" to remove the border:
Example
<iframe src="demo_iframe.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe> Try it yourself
Use iframe as a Target for a Link

An iframe can be used as the target frame for a link. The target attribute of a link must refer to the name attribute of the iframe:
Example
<iframe src="demo_iframe.htm" name="iframe_a"></iframe> <p><a href="http://www.w3schools.com" target="iframe_a">W3Schools.com</a></p> Try it yourself
HTML iframe Tag

Tag Description <ifram Defines an inline e> frame
HTML Colors
Colors are displayed combining RED, GREEN, and BLUE light.
Color Values
HTML colors are defined using a hexadecimal notation (HEX) for the combination of Red, Green, and Blue color values (RGB). The lowest value that can be given to one of the light sources is 0 (in HEX: 00). The highest value is 255 (in HEX: FF).
HEX values are specified as 3 pairs of two-digit numbers, starting with a # sign.
Color Values
Color Color HEX #000000 #FF0000 #00FF00 #0000FF #FFFF00 #00FFFF #FF00FF #C0C0C0 #FFFFFF Color RGB rgb(0,0,0) rgb(255,0,0) rgb(0,255,0) rgb(0,0,255) rgb(255,255,0 ) rgb(0,255,255 ) rgb(255,0,255 ) rgb(192,192,1 92) rgb(255,255,2 55)
Try it yourself
16 Million Different Colors

The combination of Red, Green, and Blue values from 0 to 255, gives more than 16 million different colors (256 x 256 x 256). If you look at the color table below, you will see the result of varying the red light from 0 to 255, while keeping the green and blue light at zero. To see the full list of color mixes when RED varies from 0 to 255, click on one of the HEX or RGB values below.
Red Light Color HEX Color RGB
#00000 rgb(0,0,0) 0 #08000 rgb(8,0,0) 0
#10000 rgb(16,0,0) 0 #18000 rgb(24,0,0) 0 #20000 rgb(32,0,0) 0 #28000 rgb(40,0,0) 0 #30000 rgb(48,0,0) 0 #38000 rgb(56,0,0) 0 #40000 rgb(64,0,0) 0 #48000 rgb(72,0,0) 0 #50000 rgb(80,0,0) 0 #58000 rgb(88,0,0) 0 #60000 rgb(96,0,0) 0 #68000 rgb(104,0,0) 0 #70000 rgb(112,0,0) 0 #78000 rgb(120,0,0) 0 #80000 rgb(128,0,0) 0 #88000 rgb(136,0,0) 0 #90000 rgb(144,0,0) 0 #98000 rgb(152,0,0) 0 #A0000 rgb(160,0,0)
0 #A8000 rgb(168,0,0) 0 #B0000 rgb(176,0,0) 0 #B8000 rgb(184,0,0) 0 #C0000 rgb(192,0,0) 0 #C8000 rgb(200,0,0) 0 #D0000 rgb(208,0,0) 0 #D8000 rgb(216,0,0) 0 #E0000 rgb(224,0,0) 0 #E8000 rgb(232,0,0) 0 #F0000 rgb(240,0,0) 0 #F8000 rgb(248,0,0) 0 #FF000 rgb(255,0,0) 0
Shades of Gray
Gray colors are created by using an equal amount of power to all of the light sources. To make it easier for you to select the correct shade, we have created a table of gray shades for you:
Gray Shades Color HEX Color RGB
#000000 rgb(0,0,0) #080808 rgb(8,8,8)
#101010 rgb(16,16,16) #181818 rgb(24,24,24) #202020 rgb(32,32,32) #282828 rgb(40,40,40) #303030 rgb(48,48,48) #383838 rgb(56,56,56) #404040 rgb(64,64,64) #484848 rgb(72,72,72) #505050 rgb(80,80,80) #585858 rgb(88,88,88) #606060 rgb(96,96,96) #686868 #707070 #787878 #808080 #888888 #909090 #989898 #A0A0A0 #A8A8A8 #B0B0B0 #B8B8B8 rgb(104,104,1 04) rgb(112,112,1 12) rgb(120,120,1 20) rgb(128,128,1 28) rgb(136,136,1 36) rgb(144,144,1 44) rgb(152,152,1 52) rgb(160,160,1 60) rgb(168,168,1 68) rgb(176,176,1 76) rgb(184,184,1 84)
#C0C0C0 rgb(192,192,1
92) #C8C8C8 rgb(200,200,2 00)
#D0D0D rgb(208,208,2 0 08) #D8D8D rgb(216,216,2 8 16) #E0E0E0 #E8E8E8 #F0F0F0 #F8F8F8 #FFFFFF rgb(224,224,2 24) rgb(232,232,2 32) rgb(240,240,2 40) rgb(248,248,2 48) rgb(255,255,2 55)
Web Safe Colors?

Some years ago, when computers supported max 256 different colors, a list of 216 "Web Safe Colors" was suggested as a Web standard, reserving 40 fixed system colors. The 216 cross-browser color palette was created to ensure that all computers would display the colors correctly when running a 256 color palette. This is not important today, since most computers can display millions of different colors. Anyway, here is the list:
000000 003300 006600 009900 00CC00 00FF00 000033 003333 006633 009933 00CC33 00FF33 000066 003366 006666 009966 00CC66 00FF66 000099 003399 006699 009999 00CC99 00FF99 0000CC 0033CC 0066CC 0099CC 00CCCC 00FFCC 0000FF 0033FF 0066FF 0099FF 00CCFF 00FFFF
330000 333300 336600 339900 33CC00 33FF00 660000 663300 666600 669900 66CC00 66FF00 990000 993300 996600 999900 99CC00 99FF00 CC0000 CC3300 CC6600 CC9900 CCCC00 CCFF00 FF0000 FF3300
3300CC 3333CC 3366CC 3399CC 33CCCC 33FFCC 6600CC 6633CC 6666CC 6699CC 66CCCC 66FFCC 9900CC 9933CC 9966CC 9999CC 99CCCC 99FFCC CC00CC CC33CC CC66CC CC99CC CCCCCC CCFFCC FF00CC FF33CC
3300FF 3333FF 3366FF 3399FF 33CCFF 33FFFF 6600FF 6633FF 6666FF 6699FF 66CCFF 66FFFF 9900FF 9933FF 9966FF 9999FF 99CCFF 99FFFF CC00FF CC33FF CC66FF CC99FF CCCCFF CCFFFF FF00FF FF33FF
FF6600 FF9900 FFCC00 FFFF00
FF66CC FF99CC FFCCCC FFFFCC
FF66FF FF99FF FFCCFF FFFFFF
HTML Color Names

Color Names Supported by All Browsers

141 color names are defined in the HTML and CSS color specification (17 standard colors plus 124 more). The table below lists them all, along with their hexadecimal values. Tip: The 17 standard colors are: aqua, black, blue, fuchsia, gray, green, lime, maroon, navy, olive, orange, purple, red, silver, teal, white, and yellow. Click on a color name (or a hex value) to view the color as the background-color along with different text colors:
Sorted by Color Name

Same list sorted by hex values
Color Name AliceBlue AntiqueWhite Aqua Aquamarine Azure Beige Bisque Black BlanchedAlmond HEX #F0F8FF #FAEBD7 #00FFFF #7FFFD4 #F0FFFF #F5F5DC #FFE4C4 #000000 #FFEBCD Color Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix
Blue BlueViolet Brown BurlyWood CadetBlue Chartreuse Chocolate Coral CornflowerBlue Cornsilk Crimson Cyan DarkBlue DarkCyan DarkGoldenRod DarkGray DarkGreen DarkKhaki DarkMagenta DarkOliveGreen DarkOrange DarkOrchid DarkRed DarkSalmon DarkSeaGreen DarkSlateBlue DarkSlateGray DarkTurquoise DarkViolet
#0000FF #8A2BE2 #A52A2A #DEB887 #5F9EA0 #7FFF00 #D2691E #FF7F50 #6495ED #FFF8DC #DC143C #00FFFF #00008B #008B8B #B8860B #A9A9A9 #006400 #BDB76B #8B008B #556B2F #FF8C00 #9932CC #8B0000 #E9967A #8FBC8F #483D8B #2F4F4F #00CED1 #9400D3
Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix
DeepPink DeepSkyBlue DimGray DodgerBlue FireBrick FloralWhite ForestGreen Fuchsia Gainsboro GhostWhite Gold GoldenRod Gray Green GreenYellow HoneyDew HotPink IndianRed Indigo Ivory Khaki Lavender LavenderBlush LawnGreen LemonChiffon LightBlue LightCoral LightCyan
#FF1493 #00BFFF #696969 #1E90FF #B22222 #FFFAF0 #228B22 #FF00FF #DCDCDC #F8F8FF #FFD700 #DAA520 #808080 #008000 #ADFF2F #F0FFF0 #FF69B4 #CD5C5C #4B0082 #FFFFF0 #F0E68C #E6E6FA #FFF0F5 #7CFC00 #FFFACD #ADD8E6 #F08080 #E0FFFF
Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix
LightGoldenRodYel #FAFAD2
low LightGray LightGreen LightPink LightSalmon LightSeaGreen LightSkyBlue LightSlateGray LightSteelBlue LightYellow Lime LimeGreen Linen Magenta Maroon #D3D3D3 #90EE90 #FFB6C1 #FFA07A #20B2AA #87CEFA #778899 #B0C4DE #FFFFE0 #00FF00 #32CD32 #FAF0E6 #FF00FF #800000 Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix
MediumAquaMarin #66CDAA e MediumBlue MediumOrchid MediumPurple #0000CD #BA55D3 #9370DB
MediumSeaGreen #3CB371 MediumSlateBlue #7B68EE
MediumSpringGre #00FA9A en MediumTurquoise #48D1CC MediumVioletRed #C71585 MidnightBlue MintCream MistyRose Moccasin #191970 #F5FFFA #FFE4E1 #FFE4B5
NavajoWhite Navy OldLace Olive OliveDrab Orange OrangeRed Orchid PaleGoldenRod PaleGreen PaleTurquoise PaleVioletRed PapayaWhip PeachPuff Peru Pink Plum PowderBlue Purple Red RosyBrown RoyalBlue SaddleBrown Salmon SandyBrown SeaGreen SeaShell Sienna Silver SkyBlue
#FFDEAD #000080 #FDF5E6 #808000 #6B8E23 #FFA500 #FF4500 #DA70D6 #EEE8AA #98FB98 #AFEEEE #DB7093 #FFEFD5 #FFDAB9 #CD853F #FFC0CB #DDA0DD #B0E0E6 #800080 #FF0000 #BC8F8F #4169E1 #8B4513 #FA8072 #F4A460 #2E8B57 #FFF5EE #A0522D #C0C0C0 #87CEEB
Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix
SlateBlue SlateGray Snow SpringGreen SteelBlue Tan Teal Thistle Tomato Turquoise Violet Wheat White WhiteSmoke Yellow YellowGreen
#6A5ACD #708090 #FFFAFA #00FF7F #4682B4 #D2B48C #008080 #D8BFD8 #FF6347 #40E0D0 #EE82EE #F5DEB3 #FFFFFF #F5F5F5 #FFFF00 #9ACD32
Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix Shades Mix
HTML Color Values

Sorted by Hex Value

Same list sorted by color name
Color Name Black Navy DarkBlue HEX #000000 #000080 #00008B Color Shades Shades Shades Shades Mix Mix Mix Mix
MediumBlue Blue DarkGreen Green Teal DarkCyan DeepSkyBlue DarkTurquoise MediumSpringGreen Lime SpringGreen Aqua Cyan MidnightBlue DodgerBlue LightSeaGreen ForestGreen SeaGreen DarkSlateGray LimeGreen MediumSeaGreen Turquoise RoyalBlue SteelBlue DarkSlateBlue MediumTurquoise
#0000CD #0000FF #006400 #008000 #008080 #008B8B #00BFFF #00CED1 #00FA9A #00FF00 #00FF7F #00FFFF #00FFFF #191970 #1E90FF #20B2AA #228B22 #2E8B57 #2F4F4F #32CD32 #3CB371 #40E0D0 #4169E1 #4682B4 #483D8B #48D1CC
Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades
Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix
Indigo DarkOliveGreen CadetBlue CornflowerBlue MediumAquaMarine DimGray SlateBlue OliveDrab SlateGray LightSlateGray MediumSlateBlue LawnGreen Chartreuse Aquamarine Maroon Purple Olive Gray SkyBlue LightSkyBlue BlueViolet DarkRed DarkMagenta SaddleBrown DarkSeaGreen LightGreen
#4B0082 #556B2F #5F9EA0 #6495ED #66CDAA #696969 #6A5ACD #6B8E23 #708090 #778899 #7B68EE #7CFC00 #7FFF00 #7FFFD4 #800000 #800080 #808000 #808080 #87CEEB #87CEFA #8A2BE2 #8B0000 #8B008B #8B4513 #8FBC8F #90EE90
MediumPurple DarkViolet PaleGreen DarkOrchid YellowGreen Sienna Brown DarkGray LightBlue GreenYellow PaleTurquoise LightSteelBlue PowderBlue FireBrick DarkGoldenRod MediumOrchid RosyBrown DarkKhaki Silver MediumVioletRed IndianRed Peru Chocolate Tan LightGray Thistle
#9370DB #9400D3 #98FB98 #9932CC #9ACD32 #A0522D #A52A2A #A9A9A9 #ADD8E6 #ADFF2F #AFEEEE #B0C4DE #B0E0E6 #B22222 #B8860B #BA55D3 #BC8F8F #BDB76B #C0C0C0 #C71585 #CD5C5C #CD853F #D2691E #D2B48C #D3D3D3 #D8BFD8
Orchid GoldenRod PaleVioletRed Crimson Gainsboro Plum BurlyWood LightCyan Lavender DarkSalmon Violet PaleGoldenRod LightCoral Khaki AliceBlue HoneyDew Azure SandyBrown Wheat Beige WhiteSmoke MintCream GhostWhite Salmon AntiqueWhite Linen
#DA70D6 #DAA520 #DB7093 #DC143C #DCDCDC #DDA0DD #DEB887 #E0FFFF #E6E6FA #E9967A #EE82EE #EEE8AA #F08080 #F0E68C #F0F8FF #F0FFF0 #F0FFFF #F4A460 #F5DEB3 #F5F5DC #F5F5F5 #F5FFFA #F8F8FF #FA8072 #FAEBD7 #FAF0E6
LightGoldenRodYellow OldLace Red Fuchsia Magenta DeepPink OrangeRed Tomato HotPink Coral DarkOrange LightSalmon Orange LightPink Pink Gold PeachPuff NavajoWhite Moccasin Bisque MistyRose BlanchedAlmond PapayaWhip LavenderBlush SeaShell Cornsilk
#FAFAD2 #FDF5E6 #FF0000 #FF00FF #FF00FF #FF1493 #FF4500 #FF6347 #FF69B4 #FF7F50 #FF8C00 #FFA07A #FFA500 #FFB6C1 #FFC0CB #FFD700 #FFDAB9 #FFDEAD #FFE4B5 #FFE4C4 #FFE4E1 #FFEBCD #FFEFD5 #FFF0F5 #FFF5EE #FFF8DC
LemonChiffon FloralWhite Snow Yellow LightYellow Ivory White
#FFFACD #FFFAF0 #FFFAFA #FFFF00 #FFFFE0 #FFFFF0 #FFFFFF
Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades
Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix
HTML Scripts
JavaScripts make HTML pages more dynamic and interactive.

Insert a script How to insert a script into an HTML document. Use of the <noscript> tag How to handle browsers that do not support scripting, or have scripting disabled.
The HTML <script> Tag

The <script> tag is used to define a client-side script, such as a JavaScript. The <script> element either contains scripting statements or it points to an external script file through the src attribute. Common uses for JavaScript are image manipulation, form validation, and dynamic changes of content. The script below writes Hello World! to the HTML output:
Example
<script> document.write("Hello World!") </script> Try it yourself
Tip: To learn more about JavaScript, visit our JavaScript tutorial!
The HTML <noscript> Tag

The <noscript> tag is used to provide an alternate content for users that have disabled scripts in their browser or have a browser that doesnt support client-side scripting. The <noscript> element can contain all the elements that you can find inside the <body> element of a normal HTML page. The content inside the <noscript> element will only be displayed if scripts are not supported, or are disabled in the users browser:
Example
<script> document.write("Hello World!") </script> <noscript>Sorry, your browser does not support JavaScript!</noscript> Try it yourself
A Taste of JavaScript (From Our JavaScript Tutorial)

Here are some examples of what JavaScript can do:
JavaScript can write directly into the HTML output stream:

document.write("<p>This is a paragraph</p>"); Try it yourself
JavaScript can react to events:

<button type="button" onclick="myFunction()">Click Me!</button> Try it yourself
JavaScript can manipulate HTML styles:

document.getElementById("demo").style.color="#ff0000"; Try it yourself
HTML Script Tags

Tag Description <script> Defines a client-side script <noscrip Defines an alternate content for users that do not support t> client-side scripts
HTML Entities
Reserved characters in HTML must be replaced with character entities.
HTML Entities
Some characters are reserved in HTML. It is not possible to use the less than (<) or greater than (>) signs in your text, because the browser will mix them with tags. To actually display reserved characters, we must use character entities in the HTML source code. A character entity looks like this:
&entity_name;
OR
&#entity_number;
To display a less than sign we must write: < or < Tip: The advantage of using an entity name, instead of a number, is that the name is easier to remember. However, the disadvantage is that browsers may not support all entity names (the support for entity numbers is very good).
Non-breaking Space
A common character entity used in HTML is the non-breaking space ( ). Browsers will always truncate spaces in HTML pages. If you write 10 spaces in your text, the browser will remove 9 of them, before displaying the page. To add spaces to your text, you can use the character entity.
HTML Entities Example

Experiment with HTML character entities: Try it yourself
HTML Useful Character Entities

Note: Entity names are case sensitive!
Resu Description lt non-breaking space < > & less than greater than ampersand cent pound yen euro section Entity Name < > & ¢ £ ¥ € § Entity Number < > & ¢ £ ¥ € §
copyright registered trademark trademark
© ® ™
© ® ™
For a complete reference of all character entities, visit our HTML Entities Reference.
HTML Uniform Resource Locators

A URL is another word for a web address. A URL can be composed of words, such as "w3schools.com", or an Internet Protocol (IP) address: 192.68.20.50. Most people enter the name of the website when surfing, because names are easier to remember than numbers.
URL - Uniform Resource Locator

Web browsers request pages from web servers by using a URL. When you click on a link in an HTML page, an underlying <a> tag points to an address on the world wide web. A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is used to address a document (or other data) on the world wide web. A web address, like this: http://www.w3schools.com/html/default.asp follows these syntax rules:
scheme://host.domain:port/path/filename
Explanation:

scheme - defines the type of Internet service. The most common type is http host - defines the domain host (the default host for http is www) domain - defines the Internet domain name, like w3schools.com port - defines the port number at the host (the default port number for http is 80) path - defines a path at the server (If omitted, the document must be stored at the root directory of the web site) filename - defines the name of a document/resource
Common URL Schemes
The table below lists some common schemes:

Scheme http https ftp file Short for.... HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure HyperText Transfer Protocol File Transfer Protocol Which pages will the scheme be used for... Common web pages starts with http://. Not encrypted Secure web pages. All information exchanged are encrypted For downloading or uploading files to a website. Useful for domain maintenance A file on your computer
URL Encoding
URLs can only be sent over the Internet using the ASCII character-set. Since URLs often contain characters outside the ASCII set, the URL has to be converted into a valid ASCII format. URL encoding converts characters into a format that can be transmitted over the Internet. URL encoding replaces non ASCII characters with a "%" followed by two hexadecimal digits. URLs cannot contain spaces. URL encoding normally replaces a space with a + sign.
Try It Yourself
If you click the "Submit" button below, the browser will URL encode the input before it is sent to the server. A page at the server will display the received input.
Hello Gnter
Try some other input and click Submit again.
URL Encoding Examples

Charac URLter encoding %80 %A3
%A9 %AE %C0 %C1 %C2 %C3 %C4 %C5
For a complete reference of all URL encodings, visit our URL Encoding Reference.
HTML5 Introduction
HTML5 is The New HTML Standard
HTML5

New Elements New Attributes Full CSS3 Support Video and Audio 2D/3D Graphics Local Storage Local SQL Database Web Applications
Examples in Each Chapter

With our HTML editor, you can edit the HTML, and click on a button to view the result.
Example
<!DOCTYPE HTML> <html> <body> <video width="320" height="240" controls> <source src="movie.mp4" type="video/mp4"> <source src="movie.ogg" type="video/ogg"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> </body> </html> Try it yourself
Click on the "Try it yourself" button to see how it works
What is HTML5?
HTML5 will be the new standard for HTML. The previous version of HTML, HTML 4.01, came in 1999. The web has changed a lot since then. HTML5 is still a work in progress. However, the major browsers support many of the new HTML5 elements and APIs.
How Did HTML5 Get Started?

HTML5 is a cooperation between the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and the Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG). WHATWG was working with web forms and applications, and W3C was working with XHTML 2.0. In 2006, they decided to cooperate and create a new version of HTML. Some rules for HTML5 were established:
New features should be based on HTML, CSS, DOM, and JavaScript
Reduce the need for external plugins (like Flash) Better error handling More markup to replace scripting HTML5 should be device independent The development process should be visible to the public
The HTML5 <!DOCTYPE>

In HTML5 there is only one <!doctype> declaration, and it is very simple:
<!DOCTYPE html>
Minimum HTML5 Document

Below is a simple HTML5 document, with the minimum of required tags:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Title of the document</title> </head> <body> The content of the document...... </body> </html>
HTML5 - New Features

Some of the most interesting new features in HTML5:

The <canvas> element for 2D drawing The <video> and <audio> elements for media playback Support for local storage New content-specific elements, like <article>, <footer>, <header>, <nav>, <section> New form controls, like calendar, date, time, email, url, search
Browser Support for HTML5

HTML5 is not yet an official standard, and no browsers have full HTML5 support. But all major browsers (Safari, Chrome, Firefox, Opera, Internet Explorer) continue to add new HTML5 features to their latest versions.
HTML5 References
At W3Schools you will find complete references about tags, global attributes, standard events, and more. HTML5 Reference
New Elements in HTML5

The internet, and the use of the internet, has changed a lot since HTML 4.01 became a standard in 1999. Today, several elements in HTML 4.01 are obsolete, never used, or not used the way they were intended. All those elements are removed or re-written in HTML5. To better handle today's internet use, HTML5 also includes new elements for drawing graphics, adding media content, better page structure, better form handling, and several APIs to drag/drop elements, find Geolocation, include web storage, application cache, web workers, etc.
The New <canvas> Element

Tag <canvas> Description Used to draw graphics, on the fly, via scripting (usually JavaScript)
New Media Elements

Tag <audio> <video> <source> <embed> <track> Description Defines sound content Defines a video or movie Defines multiple media resources for <video> and <audio> Defines a container for an external application or interactive content (a plug-in) Defines text tracks for <video> and <audio>
New Form Elements

Tag <datalist> Description Specifies a list of pre-defined options for input controls
<keygen> <output>
Defines a key-pair generator field (for forms) Defines the result of a calculation
New Semantic/Structural Elements

HTML5 offers new elements for better structure: Tag <article> <aside> <bdi> <command> <details> <dialog> <summary> <figure> <figcaption> <footer> <header> <mark> <meter> <nav> <progress> <ruby> <rt> <rp> <section> <time> <wbr> Description Defines an article Defines content aside from the page content Isolates a part of text that might be formatted in a different direction from other text outside it Defines a command button that a user can invoke Defines additional details that the user can view or hide Defines a dialog box or window Defines a visible heading for a <details> element Specifies self-contained content, like illustrations, diagrams, photos, code listings, etc. Defines a caption for a <figure> element Defines a footer for a document or section Defines a header for a document or section Defines marked/highlighted text Defines a scalar measurement within a known range (a gauge) Defines navigation links Represents the progress of a task Defines a ruby annotation (for East Asian typography) Defines an explanation/pronunciation of characters (for East Asian typography) Defines what to show in browsers that do not support ruby annotations Defines a section in a document Defines a date/time Defines a possible line-break
Removed Elements
The following HTML 4.01 elements are removed from HTML5:

<acronym> <applet> <basefont> <big> <center> <dir> <font>
<frame> <frameset> <noframes> <strike> <tt>
HTML5 Canvas
The <canvas> element is used to draw graphics, on the fly, on a web page. Draw a red rectangle, a gradient rectangle, a multicolor rectangle, and some multicolor text onto the canvas:
Your browser does not support the <canvas> element.
What is Canvas?
The HTML5 <canvas> element is used to draw graphics, on the fly, via scripting (usually JavaScript). The <canvas> element is only a container for graphics. You must use a script to actually draw the graphics. Canvas has several methods for drawing paths, boxes, circles, characters, and adding images.
Browser Support
Internet Explorer 9+, Firefox, Opera, Chrome, and Safari support the <canvas> element. Note: Internet Explorer 8 and earlier versions, do not support the <canvas> element.
Create a Canvas
A canvas is a rectangular area on an HTML page, and it is specified with the <canvas> element. Note: By default, the <canvas> element has no border and no content. The markup looks like this:
<canvas id="myCanvas" width="200" height="100"></canvas>
Note: Always specify an id attribute (to be referred to in a script), and a width and height attribute to define the size of the canvas. Tip: You can have multiple <canvas> elements on one HTML page. To add a border, use the style attribute:
Example
<canvas id="myCanvas" width="200" height="100" style="border:1px solid #000000;"> </canvas> Try it yourself
Draw Onto The Canvas With JavaScript

All drawing on the canvas must be done inside a JavaScript:
Example
<script> var c=document.getElementById("myCanvas"); var ctx=c.getContext("2d"); ctx.fillStyle="#FF0000"; ctx.fillRect(0,0,150,75); </script> Try it yourself
Example explained: First, find the <canvas> element:

var c=document.getElementById("myCanvas");
Then, call its getContext() method (you must pass the string "2d" to the getContext() method):
var ctx=c.getContext("2d");
The getContext("2d") object is a built-in HTML5 object, with many properties and methods for drawing paths, boxes, circles, text, images, and more.
The next two lines draw a red rectangle:

ctx.fillStyle="#FF0000"; ctx.fillRect(0,0,150,75);
The fillStyle property can be a CSS color, a gradient, or a pattern. The default fillStyle is #000000 (black). The fillRect(x,y,width,height) method draws a rectangle filled with the current fill style.
Canvas Coordinates
The canvas is a two-dimensional grid. The upper-left corner of the canvas has coordinate (0,0) So, the fillRect() method above had the parameters (0,0,150,75). This means: Start at the upper-left corner (0,0) and draw a 150x75 pixels rectangle. Coordinates Example Mouse over the rectangle below to see its x and y coordinates:
X Y
Canvas - Paths
To draw straight lines on a canvas, we will use the following two methods:

moveTo(x,y) defines the starting point of the line lineTo(x,y) defines the ending point of the line
To actually draw the line, we must use one of the "ink" methods, like stroke().
Example
Define a starting point in position (0,0), and an ending point in position (200,100). Then use the stroke() method to actually draw the line:
Your browser does not support the HTML5 canvas tag.
JavaScript:
var c=document.getElementById("myCanvas"); var ctx=c.getContext("2d"); ctx.moveTo(0,0);
ctx.lineTo(200,100); ctx.stroke(); Try it yourself
To draw a circle on a canvas, we will use the following method:
arc(x,y,r,start,stop)
To actually draw the circle, we must use one of the "ink" methods, like stroke() or fill().
Example
Create a circle with the arc() method:
JavaScript:
var c=document.getElementById("myCanvas"); var ctx=c.getContext("2d"); ctx.beginPath(); ctx.arc(95,50,40,0,2*Math.PI); ctx.stroke(); Try it yourself
Canvas - Text
To draw text on a canvas, the most important property and methods are:

font - defines the font properties for text fillText(text,x,y) - Draws "filled" text on the canvas strokeText(text,x,y) - Draws text on the canvas (no fill)
Using fillText():
Example
Write a 30px high filled text on the canvas, using the font "Arial":
JavaScript:
var c=document.getElementById("myCanvas"); var ctx=c.getContext("2d"); ctx.font="30px Arial"; ctx.fillText("Hello World",10,50); Try it yourself
Using strokeText():
Example
Write a 30px high text (no fill) on the canvas, using the font "Arial":
JavaScript:
var c=document.getElementById("myCanvas"); var ctx=c.getContext("2d"); ctx.font="30px Arial"; ctx.strokeText("Hello World",10,50); Try it yourself
Canvas - Gradients
Gradients can be used to fill rectangles, circles, lines, text, etc. Shapes on the canvas are not limited to solid colors. There are two different types of gradients:

createLinearGradient(x,y,x1,y1) - Creates a linear gradient createRadialGradient(x,y,r,x1,y1,r1) - Creates a radial/circular gradient
Once we have a gradient object, we must add two or more color stops. The addColorStop() method specifies the color stops, and its position along the gradient. Gradient positions can be anywhere between 0 to 1. To use the gradient, set the fillStyle or strokeStyle property to the gradient, and then draw the shape, like a rectangle, text, or a line. Using createLinearGradient():
Example
Create a linear gradient. Fill rectangle with the gradient:

JavaScript:
var c=document.getElementById("myCanvas"); var ctx=c.getContext("2d"); // Create gradient var grd=ctx.createLinearGradient(0,0,200,0); grd.addColorStop(0,"red"); grd.addColorStop(1,"white"); // Fill with gradient ctx.fillStyle=grd; ctx.fillRect(10,10,150,80); Try it yourself
Using createRadialGradient():
Example
Create a radial/circular gradient. Fill rectangle with the gradient:
JavaScript:
var c=document.getElementById("myCanvas"); var ctx=c.getContext("2d"); // Create gradient var grd=ctx.createRadialGradient(75,50,5,90,60,100); grd.addColorStop(0,"red"); grd.addColorStop(1,"white"); // Fill with gradient ctx.fillStyle=grd; ctx.fillRect(10,10,150,80); Try it yourself
Canvas - Images
To draw an image on a canvas, we will use the following method:
drawImage(image,x,y)
Image to use:
Example
Draw the image onto the canvas:
JavaScript:
var c=document.getElementById("myCanvas"); var ctx=c.getContext("2d"); var img=document.getElementById("scream"); ctx.drawImage(img,10,10); Try it yourself
HTML Canvas Reference

For a complete reference of all the properties and methods that can be used with the Canvas object (with try-it examples on every property and method), go to our Canvas Reference.
The HTML <canvas> Tag
Tag <canvas>
Description Used to draw graphics, on the fly, via scripting (usually JavaScript)
HTML5 Inline SVG

HTML5 has support for inline SVG.

Sorry, your browser does not support inline SVG.
What is SVG?

SVG stands for Scalable Vector Graphics SVG is used to define vector-based graphics for the Web SVG defines the graphics in XML format SVG graphics do NOT lose any quality if they are zoomed or resized Every element and every attribute in SVG files can be animated SVG is a W3C recommendation
SVG Advantages
Advantages of using SVG over other image formats (like JPEG and GIF) are:

SVG images can be created and edited with any text editor SVG images can be searched, indexed, scripted, and compressed SVG images are scalable SVG images can be printed with high quality at any resolution SVG images are zoomable (and the image can be zoomed without degradation)
Browser Support
Internet Explorer 9+, Firefox, Opera, Chrome, and Safari support inline SVG.
Embed SVG Directly Into HTML Pages

In HTML5, you can embed SVG elements directly into your HTML page:
Example
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <body> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1" height="190"> <polygon points="100,10 40,180 190,60 10,60 160,180" style="fill:lime;stroke:purple;stroke-width:5;fill-rule:evenodd;"> </svg> </body> </html> Try it yourself
Result:
Sorry, your browser does not support inline SVG.
To learn more about SVG, please read our SVG Tutorial.
Differences Between SVG and Canvas

SVG is a language for describing 2D graphics in XML. Canvas draws 2D graphics, on the fly (with a JavaScript). SVG is XML based, which means that every element is available within the SVG DOM. You can attach JavaScript event handlers for an element. In SVG, each drawn shape is remembered as an object. If attributes of an SVG object are changed, the browser can automatically re-render the shape. Canvas is rendered pixel by pixel. In canvas, once the graphic is drawn, it is forgotten by the browser. If its position should be changed, the entire scene needs to be redrawn, including any objects that might have been covered by the graphic.
Comparison of Canvas and SVG

The table below shows some important differences between Canvas and SVG:
Canvas

SVG

Resolution dependent No support for event handlers Poor text rendering capabilities You can save the resulting image as .png or .jpg Well suited for graphic-intensive games
Resolution independent Support for event handlers Best suited for applications with large rendering areas (Google Maps) Slow rendering if complex (anything that uses the DOM a lot will be slow) Not suited for game applications
HTML5 Drag and Drop

Drag and drop is a part of the HTML5 standard.
Drag the W3Schools image into the rectangle.
Drag and Drop

Drag and drop is a very common feature. It is when you "grab" an object and drag it to a different location. In HTML5, drag and drop is part of the standard, and any element can be draggable.
Browser Support
Internet Explorer 9+, Firefox, Opera, Chrome, and Safari support drag and drop. Note: Drag and drop does not work in Safari 5.1.2.
HTML5 Drag and Drop Example

The example below is a simple drag and drop example:
Example
<!DOCTYPE HTML> <html> <head> <script> function allowDrop(ev) { ev.preventDefault(); } function drag(ev) { ev.dataTransfer.setData("Text",ev.target.id); } function drop(ev) { ev.preventDefault(); var data=ev.dataTransfer.getData("Text"); ev.target.appendChild(document.getElementById(data)); } </script> </head> <body> <div id="div1" ondrop="drop(event)" ondragover="allowDrop(event)"></div> <img id="drag1" src="img_logo.gif" draggable="true" ondragstart="drag(event)" width="336" height="69"> </body> </html> Try it yourself
It might seem complicated, but lets go through all the different parts of a drag and drop event.
Make an Element Draggable

First of all: To make an element draggable, set the draggable attribute to true:
<img draggable="true">
What to Drag - ondragstart and setData()

Then, specify what should happen when the element is dragged. In the example above, the ondragstart attribute calls a function, drag(event), that specifies what data to be dragged. The dataTransfer.setData() method sets the data type and the value of the dragged data:
function drag(ev) { ev.dataTransfer.setData("Text",ev.target.id); }
In this case, the data type is "Text" and the value is the id of the draggable element ("drag1").
Where to Drop - ondragover

The ondragover event specifies where the dragged data can be dropped. By default, data/elements cannot be dropped in other elements. To allow a drop, we must prevent the default handling of the element. This is done by calling the event.preventDefault() method for the ondragover event:
event.preventDefault()
Do the Drop - ondrop

When the dragged data is dropped, a drop event occurs. In the example above, the ondrop attribute calls a function, drop(event):
function drop(ev) { ev.preventDefault(); var data=ev.dataTransfer.getData("Text"); ev.target.appendChild(document.getElementById(data)); }
Code explained:
Call preventDefault() to prevent the browser default handling of the data (default is open as link on drop)
Get the dragged data with the dataTransfer.getData("Text") method. This method will return any data that was set to the same type in the setData() method The dragged data is the id of the dragged element ("drag1") Append the dragged element into the drop element
Drag image back and forth How to drag (and drop) an image back and forth between two <div> elements. <!DOCTYPE HTML> <html> <head> <style type="text/css"> #div1, #div2 {float:left; width:100px; height:35px; margin:10px;padding:10px;border:1px solid #aaaaaa;} </style> <script> function allowDrop(ev) { ev.preventDefault(); }
function drag(ev) { ev.dataTransfer.setData("Text",ev.target.id); }
function drop(ev) { ev.preventDefault(); var data=ev.dataTransfer.getData("Text"); ev.target.appendChild(document.getElementById(data)); }
</script> </head> <body>
<div id="div1" ondrop="drop(event)" ondragover="allowDrop(event)"> <img src="img_w3slogo.gif" draggable="true" ondragstart="drag(event)" id="drag1" width="88" height="31"></div> <div id="div2" ondrop="drop(event)" ondragover="allowDrop(event)"></div>
</body> </html>
HTML5 Geolocation
HTML5 Geolocation is used to locate a user's position
Locate the User's Position

The HTML5 Geolocation API is used to get the geographical position of a user. Since this can compromise user privacy, the position is not available unless the user approves it.
Browser Support
Internet Explorer 9+, Firefox, Chrome, Safari and Opera support Geolocation. Note: Geolocation is much more accurate for devices with GPS, like iPhone.
HTML5 - Using Geolocation
Use the getCurrentPosition() method to get the user's position. The example below is a simple Geolocation example returning the latitude and longitude of the user's position:
Example
<script> var x=document.getElementById("demo"); function getLocation() { if (navigator.geolocation) { navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(showPosition); } else{x.innerHTML="Geolocation is not supported by this browser.";} } function showPosition(position) { x.innerHTML="Latitude: " + position.coords.latitude + "<br>Longitude: " + position.coords.longitude; } </script> Try it yourself
Example explained:

Check if Geolocation is supported If supported, run the getCurrentPosition() method. If not, display a message to the user If the getCurrentPosition() method is successful, it returns a coordinates object to the function specified in the parameter ( showPosition ) The showPosition() function gets the displays the Latitude and Longitude
The example above is a very basic Geolocation script, with no error handling.
Handling Errors and Rejections

The second parameter of the getCurrentPosition() method is used to handle errors. It specifies a function to run if it fails to get the user's location:
Example
function showError(error) { switch(error.code) {
case error.PERMISSION_DENIED: x.innerHTML="User denied the request for Geolocation." break; case error.POSITION_UNAVAILABLE: x.innerHTML="Location information is unavailable." break; case error.TIMEOUT: x.innerHTML="The request to get user location timed out." break; case error.UNKNOWN_ERROR: x.innerHTML="An unknown error occurred." break; } } Try it yourself
Error Codes:

Permission denied - The user did not allow Geolocation Position unavailable - It is not possible to get the current location Timeout - The operation timed out
Displaying the Result in a Map

To display the result in a map, you need access to a map service that can use latitude and longitude, like Google Maps:
Example
function showPosition(position) { var latlon=position.coords.latitude+","+position.coords.longitude; var img_url="http://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/staticmap?center=" +latlon+"&zoom=14&size=400x300&sensor=false"; document.getElementById("mapholder").innerHTML="<img src='"+img_url+"'>"; } Try it yourself
In the example above we use the returned latitude and longitude data to show the location in a Google map (using a static image).
Google Map Script How to use a script to show an interactive map with a marker, zoom and drag options.
Location-specific Information
This page demonstrated how to show a user's position on a map. However, Geolocation is also very useful for location-specific information. Examples:

Up-to-date local information Showing Points-of-interest near the user Turn-by-turn navigation (GPS)
The getCurrentPosition() Method - Return Data

The getCurrentPosition() method returns an object if it is successful. The latitude, longitude and accuracy properties are always returned. The other properties below are returned if available.
Property coords.latitude coords.longitude coords.accuracy coords.altitude Description The latitude as a decimal number The longitude as a decimal number The accuracy of position The altitude in meters above the mean sea level
coords.altitudeAccu The altitude accuracy of position racy coords.heading coords.speed timestamp The heading as degrees clockwise from North The speed in meters per second The date/time of the response
Geolocation object - Other interesting Methods

watchPosition() - Returns the current position of the user and continues to return updated position as the user moves (like the GPS in a car). clearWatch() - Stops the watchPosition() method.
The example below shows the watchPosition() method. You need an accurate GPS device to test this (like iPhone):
Example
<script> var x=document.getElementById("demo"); function getLocation() { if (navigator.geolocation) { navigator.geolocation.watchPosition(showPosition); } else{x.innerHTML="Geolocation is not supported by this browser.";} } function showPosition(position) { x.innerHTML="Latitude: " + position.coords.latitude + "<br>Longitude: " + position.coords.longitude; } </script> Try it yourself
HTML5 Video
Many modern websites show videos. HTML5 provides a standard for showing them.
Check if your browser supports HTML5 video
Video on the Web

Until now, there has not been a standard for showing a video/movie on a web page. Today, most videos are shown through a plug-in (like flash). However, different browsers may have different plug-ins. HTML5 defines a new element which specifies a standard way to embed a video/movie on a web page: the <video> element.
Browser Support
Internet Explorer 9+, Firefox, Opera, Chrome, and Safari support the <video> element. Note: Internet Explorer 8 and earlier versions, do not support the <video> element.
HTML5 Video - How It Works

To show a video in HTML5, this is all you need:
Example
<video width="320" height="240" controls> <source src="movie.mp4" type="video/mp4"> <source src="movie.ogg" type="video/ogg"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> Try it yourself
The control attribute adds video controls, like play, pause, and volume. It is also a good idea to always include width and height attributes. If height and width are set, the space required for the video is reserved when the page is loaded. However, without these attributes, the browser does not know the size of the video, and cannot reserve the appropriate space to it. The effect will be that the page layout will change during loading (while the video loads). You should also insert text content between the <video> and </video> tags for browsers that do not support the <video> element. The <video> element allows multiple <source> elements. <source> elements can link to different video files. The browser will use the first recognized format.
Video Formats and Browser Support

Currently, there are 3 supported video formats for the <video> element: MP4, WebM, and Ogg:
Browser Internet Explorer 9+ Chrome 6+ YES YES MP4 NO YES WebM NO YES Ogg
Firefox 3.6+ Safari 5+ Opera 10.6+

NO YES NO
YES NO YES
YES NO YES
MP4 = MPEG 4 files with H264 video codec and AAC audio codec WebM = WebM files with VP8 video codec and Vorbis audio codec Ogg = Ogg files with Theora video codec and Vorbis audio codec
MIME Types for Video Formats

Format MP4 WebM Ogg MIMEtype video/mp4 video/web m video/ogg
HTML5 <video> - DOM Methods and Properties

HTML5 has DOM methods, properties, and events for the <video> and <audio> elements. These methods, properties, and events allow you to manipulate <video> and <audio> elements using JavaScript. There are methods for playing, pausing, and loading, for example and there are properties (like duration and volume). There are also DOM events that can notify you when the <video> element begins to play, is paused, is ended, etc. The example below illustrate, in a simple way, how to address a <video> element, read and set properties, and call methods.
Example 1
Create simple play/pause + resize controls for a video:
Your browser does not support HTML5 video.
Video courtesy of Big Buck Bunny.
The example above calls two methods: play() and pause(). It also uses two properties: paused and width.
Try it yourself
For a full reference go to our HTML5 Audio/Video DOM Reference.
HTML5 Video Tags

Tag <video> <source> <track> Defines a video or movie Defines multiple media resources for media elements, such as <video> and <audio> Defines text tracks in media players Description
HTML5 Audio
HTML5 provides a standard for playing audio files.
Audio on the Web

Until now, there has not been a standard for playing audio files on a web page. Today, most audio files are played through a plug-in (like flash). However, different browsers may have different plug-ins. HTML5 defines a new element which specifies a standard way to embed an audio file on a web page: the <audio> element.
Browser Support
Internet Explorer 9+, Firefox, Opera, Chrome, and Safari support the <audio> element. Note: Internet Explorer 8 and earlier versions, do not support the <audio> element.
HTML5 Audio - How It Works

To play an audio file in HTML5, this is all you need:
Example
<audio controls> <source src="horse.ogg" type="audio/ogg"> <source src="horse.mp3" type="audio/mpeg"> Your browser does not support the audio element. </audio> Try it yourself
The control attribute adds audio controls, like play, pause, and volume. You should also insert text content between the <audio> and </audio> tags for browsers that do not support the <audio> element. The <audio> element allows multiple <source> elements. <source> elements can link to different audio files. The browser will use the first recognized format.
Audio Formats and Browser Support

Currently, there are 3 supported file formats for the <audio> element: MP3, Wav, and Ogg:
Browser Internet Explorer 9+ Chrome 6+ Firefox 3.6+ Safari 5+ Opera 10+ MP3 YES YES NO YES NO Wav NO YES YES YES YES Ogg NO YES YES NO YES
MIME Types for Audio Formats

Format MP3 MIMEtype audio/mp
eg Ogg Wav audio/ogg audio/wav
HTML5 Audio Tags

Tag <audio> <source> Description Defines sound content Defines multiple media resources for media elements, such as <video> and <audio>
HTML5 Input Types

HTML5 New Input Types

HTML5 has several new input types for forms. These new features allow better input control and validation. This chapter covers the new input types:

color date datetime datetime-local email month number range search tel time url week
Note: Not all major browsers support all the new input types. However, you can already start using them; If they are not supported, they will behave as regular text fields.
Input Type: color

The color type is used for input fields that should contain a color.
Example
Select a color from a color picker:
Select your favorite color: <input type="color" name="favcolor"> Try it yourself
Input Type: date

The date type allows the user to select a date.
Example
Define a date control:
Birthday: <input type="date" name="bday"> Try it yourself
Input Type: datetime

The datetime type allows the user to select a date and time (with time zone).
Example
Define a date and time control (with time zone):

Birthday (date and time): <input type="datetime" name="bdaytime"> Try it yourself
Input Type: datetime-local

The datetime-local type allows the user to select a date and time (no time zone).
Example
Define a date and time control (no time zone):
Birthday (date and time): <input type="datetime-local" name="bdaytime"> Try it yourself
Input Type: email

The email type is used for input fields that should contain an e-mail address.
Example
Define a field for an e-mail address (will be automatically validated when submitted):
E-mail: <input type="email" name="email"> Try it yourself
Tip: Safari on iPhone recognizes the email type, and changes the on-screen keyboard to match it (adds @ and .com options).
Input Type: month
The month type allows the user to select a month and year.
Example
Define a month and year control (no time zone):
Birthday (month and year): <input type="month" name="bdaymonth"> Try it yourself
Input Type: number

The number type is used for input fields that should contain a numeric value. You can also set restrictions on what numbers are accepted:
Example
Define a numeric field (with restrictions):
Quantity (between 1 and 5): <input type="number" name="quantity" min="1" max="5"> Try it yourself
Use the following attributes to specify restrictions:

max - specifies the maximum value allowed min - specifies the minimum value allowed step - specifies the legal number intervals value - Specifies the default value
Try an example with all the restriction attributes: Try it yourself
Input Type: range

The range type is used for input fields that should contain a value from a range of numbers. You can also set restrictions on what numbers are accepted.
Example
Define a control for entering a number whose exact value is not important (like a slider control):
<input type="range" name="points" min="1" max="10"> Try it yourself
Use the following attributes to specify restrictions:

max - specifies the maximum value allowed min - specifies the minimum value allowed step - specifies the legal number intervals value - Specifies the default value
Input Type: search

The search type is used for search fields (a search field behaves like a regular text field).
Example
Define a search field (like a site search, or Google search):
Search Google: <input type="search" name="googlesearch"> Try it yourself
Input Type: tel
Example
Define a field for entering a telephone number:
Telephone: <input type="tel" name="usrtel">
Try it yourself
Input Type: time

The time type allows the user to select a time.
Example
Define a control for entering a time (no time zone):
Select a time: <input type="time" name="usr_time"> Try it yourself
Input Type: url

The url type is used for input fields that should contain a URL address. The value of the url field is automatically validated when the form is submitted.
Example
Define a field for entering a URL:
Add your homepage: <input type="url" name="homepage"> Try it yourself
Tip: Safari on iPhone recognizes the url input type, and changes the on-screen keyboard to match it (adds .com option).
Input Type: week

The week type allows the user to select a week and year.
Example
Define a week and year control (no time zone):
Select a week: <input type="week" name="week_year"> Try it yourself
HTML5 <input> Tag

Tag Description <inpu Defines an input control t>
HTML5 Form Elements

HTML5 New Form Elements

HTML5 has the following new form elements:

<datalist> <keygen> <output>
Note: Not all major browsers support all the new form elements. However, you can already start using them; If they are not supported, they will behave as regular text fields.
HTML5 <datalist> Element

The <datalist> element specifies a list of pre-defined options for an <input> element. The <datalist> element is used to provide an "autocomplete" feature on <input> elements. Users will see a dropdown list of pre-defined options as they input data. Use the <input> element's list attribute to bind it together with a <datalist> element.
Example
An <input> element with pre-defined values in a <datalist>:
<input list="browsers"> <datalist id="browsers"> <option value="Internet Explorer"> <option value="Firefox"> <option value="Chrome"> <option value="Opera"> <option value="Safari"> </datalist> Try it yourself
HTML5 <keygen> Element

The purpose of the <keygen> element is to provide a secure way to authenticate users. The <keygen> tag specifies a key-pair generator field in a form. When the form is submitted, two keys are generated, one private and one public. The private key is stored locally, and the public key is sent to the server. The public key could be used to generate a client certificate to authenticate the user in the future.
Example
A form with a keygen field:
<form action="demo_keygen.asp" method="get"> Username: <input type="text" name="usr_name"> Encryption: <keygen name="security"> <input type="submit"> </form> Try it yourself
HTML5 <output> Element

The <output> element represents the result of a calculation (like one performed by a script).
Example
Perform a calculation and show the result in an <output> element:
<form oninput="x.value=parseInt(a.value)+parseInt(b.value)">0 <input type="range" id="a" value="50">100 + <input type="number" id="b" value="50">= <output name="x" for="a b"></output> </form> Try it yourself
HTML5 New Form Elements

Tag <datalist> <keygen> <output> Description Specifies a list of pre-defined options for an <input> element Specifies a key-pair generator field in a form Represents the result of a calculation
HTML5 Form Attributes

HTML5 New Form Attributes

HTML5 has several new attributes for <form> and <input>. New attributes for <form>:

autocomplete novalidate
New attributes for <input>:

autocomplete autofocus form formaction formenctype formmethod formnovalidate formtarget height and width list min and max multiple pattern (regexp) placeholder required step
<form> / <input> autocomplete Attribute

The autocomplete attribute specifies whether a form or input field should have autocomplete on or off. When autocomplete is on, the browser automatically complete values based on values that the user has entered before. Tip: It is possible to have autocomplete "on" for the form, and "off" for specific input fields, or vice versa. Note: The autocomplete attribute works with <form> and the following <input> types: text, search, url, tel, email, password, datepickers, range, and color.
Example
An HTML form with autocomplete on (and off for one input field):
<form action="demo_form.asp" autocomplete="on"> First name:<input type="text" name="fname"><br> Last name: <input type="text" name="lname"><br>
E-mail: <input type="email" name="email" autocomplete="off"><br> <input type="submit"> </form> Try it yourself
Tip: In some browsers you may need to activate the autocomplete function for this to work.
<form> novalidate Attribute

The novalidate attribute is a boolean attribute. When present, it specifies that the form-data (input) should not be validated when submitted.
Example
Indicates that the form is not to be validated on submit:
<form action="demo_form.asp" novalidate> E-mail: <input type="email" name="user_email"> <input type="submit"> </form> Try it yourself
<input> autofocus Attribute

The autofocus attribute is a boolean attribute. When present, it specifies that an <input> element should automatically get focus when the page loads.
Example
Let the "First name" input field automatically get focus when the page loads:
First name:<input type="text" name="fname" autofocus> Try it yourself
<input> form Attribute

The form attribute specifies one or more forms an <input> element belongs to. Tip: To refer to more than one form, use a space-separated list of form ids.
Example
An input field located outside the HTML form (but still a part of the form):
<form action="demo_form.asp" id="form1"> First name: <input type="text" name="fname"><br> <input type="submit" value="Submit"> </form> Last name: <input type="text" name="lname" form="form1"> Try it yourself
<input> formaction Attribute

The formaction attribute specifies the URL of a file that will process the input control when the form is submitted. The formaction attribute overrides the action attribute of the <form> element. Note: The formaction attribute is used with type="submit" and type="image".
Example
An HTML form with two submit buttons, with different actions:
<form action="demo_form.asp"> First name: <input type="text" name="fname"><br> Last name: <input type="text" name="lname"><br> <input type="submit" value="Submit"><br> <input type="submit" formaction="demo_admin.asp"
value="Submit as admin"> </form> Try it yourself
<input> formenctype Attribute

The formenctype attribute specifies how the form-data should be encoded when submitting it to the server (only for forms with method="post") The formenctype attribute overrides the enctype attribute of the <form> element. Note: The formenctype attribute is used with type="submit" and type="image".
Example
Send form-data that is default encoded (the first submit button), and encoded as "multipart/form-data" (the second submit button):
<form action="demo_post_enctype.asp" method="post"> First name: <input type="text" name="fname"><br> <input type="submit" value="Submit"> <input type="submit" formenctype="multipart/form-data" value="Submit as Multipart/form-data"> </form> Try it yourself
<input> formmethod Attribute

The formmethod attribute defines the HTTP method for sending form-data to the action URL. The formmethod attribute overrides the method attribute of the <form> element. Note: The formmethod attribute can be used with type="submit" and type="image".
Example
The second submit button overrides the HTTP method of the form:
<form action="demo_form.asp" method="get"> First name: <input type="text" name="fname"><br> Last name: <input type="text" name="lname"><br> <input type="submit" value="Submit"> <input type="submit" formmethod="post" formaction="demo_post.asp" value="Submit using POST"> </form> Try it yourself
<input> formnovalidate Attribute

The novalidate attribute is a boolean attribute. When present, it specifies that the <input> element should not be validated when submitted. The formnovalidate attribute overrides the novalidate attribute of the <form> element. Note: The formnovalidate attribute can be used with type="submit".
Example
A form with two submit buttons (with and without validation):
<form action="demo_form.asp"> E-mail: <input type="email" name="userid"><br> <input type="submit" value="Submit"><br> <input type="submit" formnovalidate value="Submit without validation"> </form> Try it yourself
<input> formtarget Attribute

The formtarget attribute specifies a name or a keyword that indicates where to display the response that is received after submitting the form. The formtarget attribute overrides the target attribute of the <form> element.
Note: The formtarget attribute can be used with type="submit" and type="image".
Example
A form with two submit buttons, with different target windows:
<form action="demo_form.asp"> First name: <input type="text" name="fname"><br> Last name: <input type="text" name="lname"><br> <input type="submit" value="Submit as normal"> <input type="submit" formtarget="_blank" value="Submit to a new window"> </form> Try it yourself
<input> height and width Attributes

The height and width attributes specify the height and width of an <input> element. Note: The height and width attributes are only used with <input type="image">. Tip: Always specify both the height and width attributes for images. If height and width are set, the space required for the image is reserved when the page is loaded. However, without these attributes, the browser does not know the size of the image, and cannot reserve the appropriate space to it. The effect will be that the page layout will change during loading (while the images load).
Example
Define an image as the submit button, with height and width attributes:
<input type="image" src="img_submit.gif" alt="Submit" width="48" height="48"> Try it yourself
<input> list Attribute
The list attribute refers to a <datalist> element that contains pre-defined options for an <input> element.
Example
<input> min and max Attributes

The min and max attributes specify the minimum and maximum value for an <input> element. Note: The min and max attributes works with the following input types: number, range, date, datetime, datetime-local, month, time and week.
Example
<input> elements with min and max values:
Enter a date before 1980-01-01: <input type="date" name="bday" max="1979-12-31"> Enter a date after 2000-01-01: <input type="date" name="bday" min="2000-01-02"> Quantity (between 1 and 5): <input type="number" name="quantity" min="1" max="5"> Try it yourself
<input> multiple Attribute

The multiple attribute is a boolean attribute. When present, it specifies that the user is allowed to enter more than one value in the <input> element. Note: The multiple attribute works with the following input types: email, and file.
Example
A file upload field that accepts multiple values:
Select images: <input type="file" name="img" multiple> Try it yourself
<input> pattern Attribute

The pattern attribute specifies a regular expression that the <input> element's value is checked against. Note: The pattern attribute works with the following input types: text, search, url, tel, email, and password. Tip: Use the global title attribute to describe the pattern to help the user. Tip: Learn more about regular expressions in our JavaScript tutorial.
Example
An input field that can contain only three letters (no numbers or special characters):
Country code: <input type="text" name="country_code" pattern="[A-Za-z]{3}" title="Three letter country code"> Try it yourself
<input> placeholder Attribute

The placeholder attribute specifies a short hint that describes the expected value of an input field (e.g. a sample value or a short description of the expected format). The short hint is displayed in the input field before the user enters a value. Note: The placeholder attribute works with the following input types: text, search, url, tel, email, and password.
Example
An input field with a placeholder text:
<input type="text" name="fname" placeholder="First name"> Try it yourself
<input> required Attribute

The required attribute is a boolean attribute. When present, it specifies that an input field must be filled out before submitting the form. Note: The required attribute works with the following input types: text, search, url, tel, email, password, date pickers, number, checkbox, radio, and file.
Example
A required input field:
Username: <input type="text" name="usrname" required> Try it yourself
<input> step Attribute

The step attribute specifies the legal number intervals for an <input> element.
Example: if step="3", legal numbers could be -3, 0, 3, 6, etc. Tip: The step attribute can be used together with the max and min attributes to create a range of legal values. Note: The step attribute works with the following input types: number, range, date, datetime, datetime-local, month, time and week.
Example
An input field with a specified legal number intervals:
<input type="number" name="points" step="3"> Try it yourself
HTML5 <input> Tag

HTML5 Form Attributes

HTML5 New Form Attributes

HTML5 has several new attributes for <form> and <input>. New attributes for <form>:

autocomplete novalidate
New attributes for <input>:

autocomplete autofocus
form formaction formenctype formmethod formnovalidate formtarget height and width list min and max multiple pattern (regexp) placeholder required step
<form> / <input> autocomplete Attribute

The autocomplete attribute specifies whether a form or input field should have autocomplete on or off. When autocomplete is on, the browser automatically complete values based on values that the user has entered before. Tip: It is possible to have autocomplete "on" for the form, and "off" for specific input fields, or vice versa. Note: The autocomplete attribute works with <form> and the following <input> types: text, search, url, tel, email, password, datepickers, range, and color.
Example
An HTML form with autocomplete on (and off for one input field):
<form action="demo_form.asp" autocomplete="on"> First name:<input type="text" name="fname"><br> Last name: <input type="text" name="lname"><br> E-mail: <input type="email" name="email" autocomplete="off"><br> <input type="submit"> </form>
Try it yourself
Tip: In some browsers you may need to activate the autocomplete function for this to work.
<form> novalidate Attribute

The novalidate attribute is a boolean attribute. When present, it specifies that the form-data (input) should not be validated when submitted.
Example
Indicates that the form is not to be validated on submit:
<form action="demo_form.asp" novalidate> E-mail: <input type="email" name="user_email"> <input type="submit"> </form> Try it yourself
<input> autofocus Attribute

The autofocus attribute is a boolean attribute. When present, it specifies that an <input> element should automatically get focus when the page loads.
Example
Let the "First name" input field automatically get focus when the page loads:
First name:<input type="text" name="fname" autofocus> Try it yourself
<input> form Attribute

The form attribute specifies one or more forms an <input> element belongs to. Tip: To refer to more than one form, use a space-separated list of form ids.
Example
An input field located outside the HTML form (but still a part of the form):
<form action="demo_form.asp" id="form1"> First name: <input type="text" name="fname"><br> <input type="submit" value="Submit"> </form> Last name: <input type="text" name="lname" form="form1"> Try it yourself
<input> formaction Attribute

The formaction attribute specifies the URL of a file that will process the input control when the form is submitted. The formaction attribute overrides the action attribute of the <form> element. Note: The formaction attribute is used with type="submit" and type="image".
Example
An HTML form with two submit buttons, with different actions:
<form action="demo_form.asp"> First name: <input type="text" name="fname"><br> Last name: <input type="text" name="lname"><br> <input type="submit" value="Submit"><br> <input type="submit" formaction="demo_admin.asp" value="Submit as admin"> </form>
Try it yourself
<input> formenctype Attribute

The formenctype attribute specifies how the form-data should be encoded when submitting it to the server (only for forms with method="post") The formenctype attribute overrides the enctype attribute of the <form> element. Note: The formenctype attribute is used with type="submit" and type="image".
Example
Send form-data that is default encoded (the first submit button), and encoded as "multipart/form-data" (the second submit button):
<form action="demo_post_enctype.asp" method="post"> First name: <input type="text" name="fname"><br> <input type="submit" value="Submit"> <input type="submit" formenctype="multipart/form-data" value="Submit as Multipart/form-data"> </form> Try it yourself
<input> formmethod Attribute

The formmethod attribute defines the HTTP method for sending form-data to the action URL. The formmethod attribute overrides the method attribute of the <form> element. Note: The formmethod attribute can be used with type="submit" and type="image".
Example
The second submit button overrides the HTTP method of the form:
<form action="demo_form.asp" method="get"> First name: <input type="text" name="fname"><br> Last name: <input type="text" name="lname"><br> <input type="submit" value="Submit"> <input type="submit" formmethod="post" formaction="demo_post.asp" value="Submit using POST"> </form> Try it yourself
<input> formnovalidate Attribute

The novalidate attribute is a boolean attribute. When present, it specifies that the <input> element should not be validated when submitted. The formnovalidate attribute overrides the novalidate attribute of the <form> element. Note: The formnovalidate attribute can be used with type="submit".
Example
A form with two submit buttons (with and without validation):
<form action="demo_form.asp"> E-mail: <input type="email" name="userid"><br> <input type="submit" value="Submit"><br> <input type="submit" formnovalidate value="Submit without validation"> </form> Try it yourself
<input> formtarget Attribute

The formtarget attribute specifies a name or a keyword that indicates where to display the response that is received after submitting the form. The formtarget attribute overrides the target attribute of the <form> element. Note: The formtarget attribute can be used with type="submit" and type="image".
Example
A form with two submit buttons, with different target windows:
<form action="demo_form.asp"> First name: <input type="text" name="fname"><br> Last name: <input type="text" name="lname"><br> <input type="submit" value="Submit as normal"> <input type="submit" formtarget="_blank" value="Submit to a new window"> </form> Try it yourself
<input> height and width Attributes

The height and width attributes specify the height and width of an <input> element. Note: The height and width attributes are only used with <input type="image">. Tip: Always specify both the height and width attributes for images. If height and width are set, the space required for the image is reserved when the page is loaded. However, without these attributes, the browser does not know the size of the image, and cannot reserve the appropriate space to it. The effect will be that the page layout will change during loading (while the images load).
Example
Define an image as the submit button, with height and width attributes:
<input type="image" src="img_submit.gif" alt="Submit" width="48" height="48"> Try it yourself
<input> list Attribute

The list attribute refers to a <datalist> element that contains pre-defined options for an <input> element.
Example
<input> min and max Attributes

The min and max attributes specify the minimum and maximum value for an <input> element. Note: The min and max attributes works with the following input types: number, range, date, datetime, datetime-local, month, time and week.
Example
<input> elements with min and max values:
Enter a date before 1980-01-01: <input type="date" name="bday" max="1979-12-31"> Enter a date after 2000-01-01: <input type="date" name="bday" min="2000-01-02"> Quantity (between 1 and 5): <input type="number" name="quantity" min="1" max="5"> Try it yourself
<input> multiple Attribute

The multiple attribute is a boolean attribute. When present, it specifies that the user is allowed to enter more than one value in the <input> element. Note: The multiple attribute works with the following input types: email, and file.
Example
A file upload field that accepts multiple values:
Select images: <input type="file" name="img" multiple> Try it yourself
<input> pattern Attribute

The pattern attribute specifies a regular expression that the <input> element's value is checked against. Note: The pattern attribute works with the following input types: text, search, url, tel, email, and password. Tip: Use the global title attribute to describe the pattern to help the user. Tip: Learn more about regular expressions in our JavaScript tutorial.
Example
An input field that can contain only three letters (no numbers or special characters):
Country code: <input type="text" name="country_code" pattern="[A-Za-z]{3}" title="Three letter country code"> Try it yourself
<input> placeholder Attribute
The placeholder attribute specifies a short hint that describes the expected value of an input field (e.g. a sample value or a short description of the expected format). The short hint is displayed in the input field before the user enters a value. Note: The placeholder attribute works with the following input types: text, search, url, tel, email, and password.
Example
An input field with a placeholder text:
<input type="text" name="fname" placeholder="First name"> Try it yourself
<input> required Attribute

The required attribute is a boolean attribute. When present, it specifies that an input field must be filled out before submitting the form. Note: The required attribute works with the following input types: text, search, url, tel, email, password, date pickers, number, checkbox, radio, and file.
Example
A required input field:
Username: <input type="text" name="usrname" required> Try it yourself
<input> step Attribute

The step attribute specifies the legal number intervals for an <input> element. Example: if step="3", legal numbers could be -3, 0, 3, 6, etc.
Tip: The step attribute can be used together with the max and min attributes to create a range of legal values. Note: The step attribute works with the following input types: number, range, date, datetime, datetime-local, month, time and week.
Example
An input field with a specified legal number intervals:
<input type="number" name="points" step="3"> Try it yourself
HTML5 <input> Tag

HTML5 Web Storage

HTML5 web storage, a better local storage than cookies.
What is HTML5 Web Storage?

With HTML5, web pages can store data locally within the user's browser. Earlier, this was done with cookies. However, Web Storage is more secure and faster. The data is not included with every server request, but used ONLY when asked for. It is also possible to store large amounts of data, without affecting the website's performance. The data is stored in key/value pairs, and a web page can only access data stored by itself.
Browser Support
Web storage is supported in Internet Explorer 8+, Firefox, Opera, Chrome, and Safari. Note: Internet Explorer 7 and earlier versions, do not support web storage.
localStorage and sessionStorage

There are two new objects for storing data on the client:

localStorage - stores data with no expiration date sessionStorage - stores data for one session
Before using web storage, check browser support for localStorage and sessionStorage:
if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined") { // Yes! localStorage and sessionStorage support! // Some code..... } else { // Sorry! No web storage support.. }
The localStorage Object

The localStorage object stores the data with no expiration date. The data will not be deleted when the browser is closed, and will be available the next day, week, or year.
Example
localStorage.lastname="Smith"; document.getElementById("result").innerHTML="Last name: " + localStorage.lastname; Try it yourself
Example explained:
Create a localStorage key/value pair with key="lastname" and value="Smith"
Retrieve the value of the "lastname" key and insert it into the element with id="result"
Tip: Key/value pairs are always stored as strings. Remember to convert them to another format when needed. The following example counts the number of times a user has clicked a button. In this code the value string is converted to a number to be able to increase the counter:
Example
if (localStorage.clickcount) { localStorage.clickcount=Number(localStorage.clickcount)+1; } else { localStorage.clickcount=1; } document.getElementById("result").innerHTML="You have clicked the button " + localStorage.clickcount + " time(s)."; Try it yourself
The sessionStorage Object

The sessionStorage object is equal to the localStorage object, except that it stores the data for only one session. The data is deleted when the user closes the browser window. The following example counts the number of times a user has clicked a button, in the current session:
Example
if (sessionStorage.clickcount) { sessionStorage.clickcount=Number(sessionStorage.clickcount)+1; } else { sessionStorage.clickcount=1; } document.getElementById("result").innerHTML="You have clicked the button " + sessionStorage.clickcount + " time(s) in this session."; Try it yourself
HTML5 Application Cache

With HTML5 it is easy to make an offline version of a web application, by creating a cache manifest file.
What is Application Cache?

HTML5 introduces application cache, which means that a web application is cached, and accessible without an internet connection. Application cache gives an application three advantages:
1. Offline browsing - users can use the application when they're offline 2. Speed - cached resources load faster 3. Reduced server load - the browser will only download updated/changed resources from the server
Browser Support
Internet Explorer 10, Firefox, Chrome, Safari and Opera support Application cache.
HTML5 Cache Manifest Example

The example below shows an HTML document with a cache manifest (for offline browsing):
Example
<!DOCTYPE HTML> <html manifest="demo.appcache"> <body> The content of the document...... </body> </html> Try it yourself
Cache Manifest Basics

To enable application cache, include the manifest attribute in the document's <html> tag:
<!DOCTYPE HTML> <html manifest="demo.appcache"> ... </html>
Every page with the manifest attribute specified will be cached when the user visits it. If the manifest attribute is not specified, the page will not be cached (unless the page is specified directly in the manifest file). The recommended file extension for manifest files is: ".appcache" A manifest file needs to be served with the correct MIME-type, which is "text/cache-manifest". Must be configured on the web server.
The Manifest File

The manifest file is a simple text file, which tells the browser what to cache (and what to never cache). The manifest file has three sections:

CACHE MANIFEST - Files listed under this header will be cached after they are downloaded for the first time NETWORK - Files listed under this header require a connection to the server, and will never be cached FALLBACK - Files listed under this header specifies fallback pages if a page is inaccessible
CACHE MANIFEST
The first line, CACHE MANIFEST, is required:

CACHE MANIFEST /theme.css /logo.gif /main.js
The manifest file above lists three resources: a CSS file, a GIF image, and a JavaScript file. When the manifest file is loaded, the browser will download the three files from the root directory of the web site. Then, whenever the user is not connected to the internet, the resources will still be available.
NETWORK
The NETWORK section below specifies that the file "login.asp" should never be cached, and will not be available offline:
NETWORK: login.asp
An asterisk can be used to indicate that all other resources/files require an internet connection:
NETWORK: * FALLBACK
The FALLBACK section below specifies that "offline.html" will be served in place of all files in the /html/ catalog, in case an internet connection cannot be established:
FALLBACK: /html/ /offline.html
Note: The first URI is the resource, the second is the fallback.
Updating the Cache

Once an application is cached, it remains cached until one of the following happens:

The user clears the browser's cache The manifest file is modified (see tip below) The application cache is programmatically updated
Example - Complete Cache Manifest File

CACHE MANIFEST # 2012-02-21 v1.0.0 /theme.css /logo.gif /main.js NETWORK: login.asp FALLBACK: /html/ /offline.html
Tip: Lines starting with a "#" are comment lines, but can also serve another purpose. An application's cache is only updated when its manifest file changes. If you edit an image or change a JavaScript function, those
changes will not be re-cached. Updating the date and version in a comment line is one way to make the browser re-cache your files.
Notes on Application Cache

Be careful with what you cache. Once a file is cached, the browser will continue to show the cached version, even if you change the file on the server. To ensure the browser updates the cache, you need to change the manifest file. Note: Browsers may have different size limits for cached data (some browsers have a 5MB limit per sit
HTML5 Web Workers

A web worker is a JavaScript running in the background, without affecting the performance of the page.
What is a Web Worker?

When executing scripts in an HTML page, the page becomes unresponsive until the script is finished. A web worker is a JavaScript that runs in the background, independently of other scripts, without affecting the performance of the page. You can continue to do whatever you want: clicking, selecting things, etc., while the web worker runs in the background.
Browser Support
Internet Explorer 10, Firefox, Chrome, Safari and Opera support Web workers.
HTML5 Web Workers Example

The example below creates a simple web worker that count numbers in the background:
Example
Count numbers:
Try it yourself
Check Web Worker Support

Before creating a web worker, check whether the user's browser supports it:
if(typeof(Worker)!=="undefined") { // Yes! Web worker support! // Some code..... } else { // Sorry! No Web Worker support.. }
Create a Web Worker File

Now, let's create our web worker in an external JavaScript. Here, we create a script that counts. The script is stored in the "demo_workers.js" file:
var i=0; function timedCount() { i=i+1; postMessage(i); setTimeout("timedCount()",500); } timedCount();
The important part of the code above is the postMessage() method - which is used to posts a message back to the HTML page. Note: Normally web workers are not used for such simple scripts, but for more CPU intensive tasks.
Create a Web Worker Object
Now that we have the web worker file, we need to call it from an HTML page. The following lines checks if the worker already exists, if not - it creates a new web worker object and runs the code in "demo_workers.js":
if(typeof(w)=="undefined") { w=new Worker("demo_workers.js"); }
Then we can send and receive messages from the web worker. Add an "onmessage" event listener to the web worker.
w.onmessage=function(event){ document.getElementById("result").innerHTML=event.data; };
When the web worker posts a message, the code within the event listener is executed. The data from the web worker is stored in event.data.
Terminate a Web Worker

When a web worker object is created, it will continue to listen for messages (even after the external script is finished) until it is terminated. To terminate a web worker, and free browser/computer resources, use the terminate() method:
w.terminate();
Full Web Worker Example Code

We have already seen the Worker code in the .js file. Below is the code for the HTML page:
Example
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <body> <p>Count numbers: <output id="result"></output></p> <button onclick="startWorker()">Start Worker</button> <button onclick="stopWorker()">Stop Worker</button> <br><br>
<script> var w; function startWorker() { if(typeof(Worker)!=="undefined") { if(typeof(w)=="undefined") { w=new Worker("demo_workers.js"); } w.onmessage = function (event) { document.getElementById("result").innerHTML=event.data; }; } else { document.getElementById("result").innerHTML="Sorry, your browser does not support Web Workers..."; } } function stopWorker() { w.terminate(); } </script> </body> </html> Try it yourself
Web Workers and the DOM

Since web workers are in external files, they do not have access to the following JavaScript objects:

The window object The document object The parent object
HTML5 Server-Sent Events

Previous
Next Chapter
HTML5 Server-Sent Events allow a web page to get updates from a server.
Server-Sent Events - One Way Messaging

A server-sent event is when a web page automatically gets updates from a server. This was also possible before, but the web page would have to ask if any updates were available. With serversent events, the updates come automatically. Examples: Facebook/Twitter updates, stock price updates, news feeds, sport results, etc.
Browser Support
Server-Sent Events are supported in all major browsers, except Internet Explorer.
Receive Server-Sent Event Notifications

The EventSource object is used to receive server-sent event notifications:
Example
var source=new EventSource("demo_sse.php"); source.onmessage=function(event) { document.getElementById("result").innerHTML+=event.data + "<br>"; }; Try it yourself
Example explained:

Create a new EventSource object, and specify the URL of the page sending the updates (in this example "demo_sse.php") Each time an update is received, the onmessage event occurs When an onmessage event occurs, put the received data into the element with id="result"
Check Server-Sent Events Support
In the tryit example above there were some extra lines of code to check browser support for server-sent events:
if(typeof(EventSource)!=="undefined") { // Yes! Server-sent events support! // Some code..... } else { // Sorry! No server-sent events support.. }
Server-Side Code Example

For the example above to work, you need a server capable of sending data updates (like PHP or ASP). The server-side event stream syntax is simple. Set the "Content-Type" header to "text/event-stream". Now you can start sending event streams. Code in PHP (demo_sse.php):
<?php header('Content-Type: text/event-stream'); header('Cache-Control: no-cache'); $time = date('r'); echo "data: The server time is: {$time}\n\n"; flush(); ?>
Code in ASP (VB) (demo_sse.asp):

<% Response.ContentType="text/event-stream" Response.Expires=-1 Response.Write("data: " & now()) Response.Flush() %>
Code explained:

Set the "Content-Type" header to "text/event-stream" Specify that the page should not cache Output the data to send (Always start with "data: ") Flush the output data back to the web page
The EventSource Object

In the examples above we used the onmessage event to get messages. But other events are also available:
Events onopen Description When a connection to the server is opened
onmessa When a message is received ge onerror When an error occurs
HTML Multimedia
Multimedia on the web is sound, music, videos, and animations. Modern web browsers have support for many multimedia formats.
What is Multimedia?
Multimedia comes in many different formats. It can be almost anything you can hear or see. Examples: Pictures, music, sound, videos, records, films, animations, and more. Modern Web pages have often embedded multimedia elements, and modern browsers have support for various multimedia formats. In this tutorial you will learn about different multimedia formats.
Browser Support
The first Internet browsers had support for text only, and even the text support was limited to a single font in a single color. Then came browsers with support for colors, fonts and text styles, and support for pictures was added. The support for sounds, animations, and videos is handled in different ways by various browsers. Some multimedia elements is supported, and some requires an extra helper program (a plug-in). You will learn more about plug-ins in the next chapters.
Multimedia Formats
Multimedia elements (like sounds or videos) are stored in media files. The most common way to discover the type of a file, is to look at the file extension. When a browser sees the file extension .htm or .html, it will treat the file as an HTML file. The .xml extension indicates an XML file, and the .css extension indicates a style sheet file. Pictures are recognized by extensions like .gif, .png and .jpg. Multimedia files also have their own formats with different extensions like: .swf, .wav, .mp3, and .mp4.
Video Formats
MP4 is the new and upcoming format for internet video. It is supported by YouTube, Flash players and HTML5.
Format File Description AVI .avi AVI (Audio Video Interleave) was developed by Microsoft. AVI is supported by all computers running Windows, and by the most popular web browsers. It is a very common format on the Internet, but not always possible to play on non-Windows computers
WMV
. WMV (Windows Media Video) was developed by Microsoft. WMV is a common wmv format on the Internet, but it cannot be played on non-Windows computer without an extra (free) component installed. Some later WMVs cannot play at all on nonWindows computers because no player is available .mpg The MPEG (Moving Pictures Expert Group) format is the most popular format on .mpe the Internet. It is cross-platform, and supported by all major browsers g
MPEG
QuickTi .mov QuickTime was developed by Apple. QuickTime is a common format on the me Internet, but QuickTime movies cannot be played on a Windows computer without an extra (free) component installed. RealVide .rm RealVideo was developed by Real Media. RealVideo allows streaming of video o .ram (online video, Internet TV) with low bandwidths. Because of the low bandwidth priority, the quality is often reduced Flash MP4 .swf Flash was developed by Macromedia. Flash requires an extra component to play. .flv This component comes preinstalled with all major browsers .mp4 Mpeg-4 (MP4) is the new format for the internet. YouTube recommends using MP4. YouTube accepts multiple formats, and then converts them all to .flv or .mp4 for
distribution
Sound Formats
MP3 is the newest format for compressed recorded music. The term MP3 has become synonymous with digital music. If your website is about recorded music, the MP3 format is the choice.
Format File Description MIDI .mid MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) is a format for electronic music devices .mid like synthesizers and PC sound cards. MIDI files do not contain sound, but digital i musical instructions (notes) that can be played by electronics (like your PC's sound card).
Click here to play The Beatles.

Since MIDI files only contains instructions; they are extremely small. The example above is only 23K in size, but it plays for nearly 5 minutes. MIDI is supported by many software systems/platforms. MIDI is supported by all the most popular Internet browsers. MP3 . MP3 files are actually the sound part of MPEG files. MPEG was originally developed mp3 for video by the Moving Pictures Experts Group. MP3 is the most popular format for music. The encoding system combines good compression (small files) with high quality
RealAud .rm RealAudio was developed Real Media. It allows streaming of audio (online music, io .ram Internet radio) with low bandwidths. Because of the low bandwidth priority, the quality is often reduced WAV WMA .wav WAVE (more known as WAV) was developed by IBM and Microsoft. WAVs are compatible with Windows, Macintosh, and Linux operating systems . WMA (Windows Media Audio), compares in quality to MP3, and is compatible with wm most players, except the iPod. WMA files can be delivered as a continuous flow of a data, which makes it practical for use in Internet radio or on-line music.
HTML - The <object> Element

The purpose of the <object> element is to support HTML helpers (plug-ins).
HTML Helpers (Plug-ins)
A helper application is a small computer program that extends the standard functionality of the browser. Helper applications are also called plug-ins. Plug-ins are often used by browsers to play audio and video. Examples of well-known plug-ins are Adobe Flash Player and QuickTime. Plug-ins can be added to Web pages through the <object> tag or the <embed> tag. Most plug-ins allow manual (or programmed) control over settings for volume, rewind, forward, pause, stop, and play.
What is The Best Way to Play Audio/Video in HTML?

For the best way to embed audio or video in your Web page, please read the next chapters.
QuickTime - Play WAV Audio Example

<object width="420" height="360" classid="clsid:02BF25D5-8C17-4B23-BC80-D3488ABDDC6B" codebase="http://www.apple.com/qtactivex/qtplugin.cab"> <param name="src" value="liar.wav"> <param name="controller" value="true"> </object> Try it yourself
QuickTime - Play MP4 Video Example

<object width="420" height="360" classid="clsid:02BF25D5-8C17-4B23-BC80-D3488ABDDC6B" codebase="http://www.apple.com/qtactivex/qtplugin.cab"> <param name="src" value="movie.mp4"> <param name="controller" value="true"> </object> Try it yourself
Adobe Flash Player - Play SWF Video Example

<object width="400" height="40" classid="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" codebase="http://fpdownload.macromedia.com/ pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=8,0,0,0"> <param name="SRC" value="bookmark.swf"> <embed src="bookmark.swf" width="400" height="40"> </embed> </object> Try it yourself
Windows Media Player - Play WMV Movie

The example below shows the suggested code used to display a Windows Media file.
Example
<object width="100%" height="100%" type="video/x-ms-asf" url="3d.wmv" data="3d.wmv" classid="CLSID:6BF52A52-394A-11d3-B153-00C04F79FAA6"> <param name="url" value="3d.wmv"> <param name="filename" value="3d.wmv"> <param name="autostart" value="1"> <param name="uiMode" value="full"> <param name="autosize" value="1"> <param name="playcount" value="1"> <embed type="application/x-mplayer2" src="3d.wmv" width="100%" height="100%" autostart="true" showcontrols="true" pluginspage="http://www.microsoft.com/Windows/MediaPlayer/"></embed> </object> Try it yourself
Plug-ins
Plug-ins can be used for many purposes: to display maps, scan for viruses, verify your bank id, and much more. The restrictions are few.
HTML Audio
Sounds can be played in HTML by many different methods.
Problems, Problems, and Solutions

Playing audio in HTML is not easy! You must know a lot of tricks to make sure your audio files will play in all browsers (Internet Explorer, Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Opera) and on all hardware (PC, Mac , iPad, iPhone). In this chapter W3Schools summarizes the problems and the solutions.
Using Plug-ins
A plug-in is a small computer program that extends the standard functionality of the browser. Plug-ins can be added to HTML pages using the <object> tag or the <embed> tag. These tags define containers for resources (normally non-HTML resources), which, depending on the type, will either be displayed by the browsers, or by an external plug-in.
Using The <embed> Element

The <embed> tag defines a container for external (non-HTML) content. The following code fragment should play an MP3 file embedded in a web page:
Example
<embed height="50" width="100" src="horse.mp3"> Try it yourself
Problems: Different browsers support different audio formats If a browser does not support the file format, the audio will not play without a plug-in

If the plug-in is not installed on the users' computer, the audio will not play If you convert the file to another format, it will still not play in all browsers
Using The <object> Element

The <object tag> tag can also define a container for external (non-HTML) content. The following code fragment should play an MP3 file embedded in a web page:
Example
<object height="50" width="100" data="horse.mp3"></object> Try it yourself Problems: Different browsers support different audio formats If a browser does not support the file format, the audio will not play without a plug-in

If the plug-in is not installed on the users' computer, the audio will not play If you convert the file to another format, it will still not play in all browsers
Using the HTML5 <audio> Element

The HTML5 <audio> tag defines sound, such as music or other audio streams. The <audio> element works in all modern browsers. The following example uses the <audio> tag, and specifies one MP3 file (for Internet Explorer, Chrome, and Safari), and one OGG file (for Firefox and Opera). If anything fails it displays a text:
Example
<audio controls> <source src="horse.mp3" type="audio/mpeg"> <source src="horse.ogg" type="audio/ogg"> Your browser does not support this audio format. </audio> Try it yourself
Problems: You must convert the audio files into different formats The <audio> element does not work in older browsers
The Best HTML Solution

The example below uses the HTML5 <audio> element and tries to play the audio either as MP3 or OGG. If it fails, the code "falls back" to try the <embed> element:
Example
<audio controls height="100" width="100"> <source src="horse.mp3" type="audio/mpeg"> <source src="horse.ogg" type="audio/ogg"> <embed height="50" width="100" src="horse.mp3"> </audio> Try it yourself Problems: You must convert the audio files into different formats The <embed> element cannot "fall-back" to display an error message
Yahoo Media Player - An Easy Way to Add Audio to Your Site

The FREE Yahoo Media Player is definitely a favorite: You simply let Yahoo do the job of playing your songs. It plays MP3 and a lot of other formats. You can add it to your page (or blog) with a single line of code, and easily turn your HTML page into a professional playlist:
Example
<a href="horse.mp3">Play Sound</a> <script src="http://mediaplayer.yahoo.com/latest"></script> Try it yourself
To use it, insert the following JavaScript at the bottom of your web page:
<script src="http://mediaplayer.yahoo.com/latest"></script>
Then, simply link to your audio files in your HTML, and the JavaScript code automatically creates a play button for each song:
<a href="song1.mp3">Play Song 1</a> <a href="song2.wav">Play Song 2</a> ... ... The Yahoo Media Player presents your readers with a small play button instead of a full player. However, when you click the button, a full player pops up. Note that the player is always docked and ready at the bottom of the window. Just click on it to slide it out.
Using A Hyperlink
If a web page includes a hyperlink to a media file, most browsers will use a "helper application" to play the file. The following code fragment displays a link to an MP3 file. If a user clicks on the link, the browser will launch a helper application to play the file:
Example
<a href="horse.mp3">Play the sound</a> Try it yourself
A Note About Inline Sounds

When sound is included in a web page, or as part of a web page, it is called inline sound. If you plan to use inline sounds, be aware that many people will find it annoying. Also note that some users might have turned off the inline sound option in their browser. Our best advice is to include inline sounds only in pages where the user expects to hear sounds. An example of this is a page which opens after the user has clicked on a link to hear a recording.
HTML Multimedia Tags

Tag Description
<embed> Defines an embedded object <object> <param> Defines an embedded object Defines a parameter for an object
<audio>N Defines sound content ew <video>Ne Defines a video or movie w <source>N Defines multiple media resources for media elements ew (<video> and <audio>) <track>Ne Defines text tracks for media elements (<video> and w <audio>)
HTML Videos
Videos can be played in HTML by many different methods.
Playing Videos in HTML Example

<video width="320" height="240" controls> <source src="movie.mp4" type="video/mp4"> <source src="movie.ogg" type="video/ogg"> <source src="movie.webm" type="video/webm"> <object data="movie.mp4" width="320" height="240"> <embed src="movie.swf" width="320" height="240"> </object> </video> Try it yourself
Problems, Problems, and Solutions

Displaying videos in HTML is not easy! You must add a lot of tricks to make sure your video will play in all browsers (Internet Explorer, Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Opera) and on all hardware (PC, Mac , iPad, iPhone).
In this chapter W3Schools summarizes the problems and the solutions.
The <embed> Element

The purpose of the <embed> tag is to embed multimedia elements in HTML pages. The following HTML fragment displays a Flash video embedded in a web page:
Example
<embed src="intro.swf" height="200" width="200"> Try it yourself
Problems

If the browser does not support Flash, the video will not play iPad and iPhone do not support Flash videos If you convert the video to another format, it will still not play in all browsers
Using The <object> Element

The purpose of the <object> tag is to embed multimedia elements in HTML pages. The following HTML fragment displays a Flash video embedded in a web page:
Example
<object data="intro.swf" height="200" width="200"></object> Try it yourself
Problems:

If the browser does not support Flash, the video will not play iPad and iPhone do not support Flash videos If you convert the video to another format, it will still not play in all browsers
Using the HTML5 <video> Element

The HTML5 <video> tag defines a video or movie.
The <video> element works in all modern browsers. The following HTML fragment displays a video in OGG, MP4, or WEBM format:
Example
<video width="320" height="240" controls> <source src="movie.mp4" type="video/mp4"> <source src="movie.ogg" type="video/ogg"> <source src="movie.webm" type="video/webm"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> Try it yourself
Problems:

You must convert your videos to many different formats The <video> element does not work in older browsers
The Best HTML Solution

The example below uses 4 different video formats. The HTML 5 <video> element tries to play the video either in MP4, OGG, or WEBM format. If this fails, the code "falls back" to try the <object> element. If this also fails, it "falls back" to the <embed> element:
HTML 5 + <object> + <embed>

<video width="320" height="240" controls> <source src="movie.mp4" type="video/mp4"> <source src="movie.ogg" type="video/ogg"> <source src="movie.webm" type="video/webm"> <object data="movie.mp4" width="320" height="240"> <embed src="movie.swf" width="320" height="240"> </object> </video> Try it yourself
Problems:
You must convert your videos to many different formats
The YouTube Solution
The easiest way to display videos in HTML is to use YouTube (see next chapter)!
Using A Hyperlink
If a web page includes a hyperlink to a media file, most browsers will use a "helper application" to play the file. The following code fragment displays a link to a Flash video. If a user clicks on the link, the browser will launch a helper application to play the file:
Example
<a href="intro.swf">Play a video file</a> Try it yourself
A Note About Inline Videos

When a video is included in a web page it is called inline video. If you plan to use inline videos, be aware that many people find it annoying. Also note that some users might have turned off the inline video option in their browser. Our best advice is to include inline videos only in pages where the user expects to see a video. An example of this is a page which opens after the user has clicked on a link to see the video.
HTML Multimedia Tags

Tag Description
<embed> Defines an embedded object <object> <param> Defines an embedded object Defines a parameter for an object
<audio>N Defines sound content ew <video>Ne Defines a video or movie w <source>N Defines multiple media resources for media elements
ew
(<video> and <audio>)
<track>Ne Defines text tracks for media elements (<video> and w <audio>)
HTML - YouTube Videos

The easiest way to play videos (others or your own) in HTML is to use YouTube.
Playing a YouTube Video in HTML

If you want to play a video in a web page, you can upload the video to YouTube and insert the proper HTML code to display the video:
Example - YouTube iFrame

<iframe width="420" height="345" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/XGSy3_Czz8k"> </iframe> Try it yourself
Example - YouTube Embedded

<embed width="420" height="345" src="http://www.youtube.com/v/XGSy3_Czz8k" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"> </embed>

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Examples in Each Chapter

Writing HTML Using Notepad or TextEdit

Adobe Dreamweaver Microsoft Expression Web CoffeeCup HTML Editor

Step 1: Start Notepad

Step 2: Edit Your HTML with Notepad

Step 3: Save Your HTML

Step 4: Run the HTML in Your Browser

You will learn about them in the next chapters.

End tag * </p> </a>

HTML Element Syntax

Nested HTML Elements

HTML Document Example

HTML Example Explained

Don't Forget the End Tag

Empty HTML Elements

HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Tags

Attributes provide additional information about HTML elements.

<a href="http://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a> Try it yourself

Headings Are Important

Don't Forget the End Tag

HTML Line Breaks

HTML Text Formatting

This is subscript and superscript

HTML Formatting Tags

Try it Yourself - Examples

HTML Text Formatting Tags

HTML "Computer Output" Tags

HTML Citations, Quotations, and Definition Tags

Tag <abbr> <address> <bdo> <blockquote> <q> <cite> <dfn>

HTML Hyperlinks (Links)

HTML Link Syntax

HTML Links - The target Attribute

HTML Links - The id Attribute

Basic Notes - Useful Tips

HTML Link Tags

Try it Yourself - Examples

The HTML <head> Element

The HTML <title> Element

displays a title for the page in search-engine results

The HTML <base> Element

The HTML <link> Element

The HTML <style> Element

The HTML <meta> Element

<meta> Tags - Examples of Use

The HTML <script> Element

HTML head Elements

Defines a client-side script Defines style information for a document

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is used to style HTML elements.

Look! Styles and colors

Try it Yourself - Examples

Styling HTML with CSS

To learn more about style sheets, visit our CSS tutorial.

HTML Style Example - Background Color

HTML Style Example - Font, Color and Size

</body> </html> Try it yourself

HTML Style Example - Text Alignment

Internal Style Sheet

External Style Sheet

HTML Style Tags

Deprecated Tags and Attributes

Example Norwegian Mountain Trip

Try it Yourself - Examples

HTML Images - The <img> Tag and the Src Attribute