Literature survey Literature survey is the most important step in software development process.

Be fore developing the tool it is necessary to determine the time factor, economy a nd company strength. Once these things are satisfied, then next steps are to det ermine which operating system and language can be used for developing the tool. Once the programmers start building the tool the programmers need lot of externa l support. This support can be obtained from senior programmers, from book or fr om websites. Before building the system the above consideration are taken into a ccount for developing the proposed system. Overview In networking, a token is a special series of bits that travels around a token-r ing network. As the token circulates, computers attached to the network can capt ure it. The token acts like a ticket, enabling its owner to send a message acros s the network. There is only one token for each network, so there is no possibil ity that two computers will attempt to transmit messages at the same time. Congestion is a problem that occurs on shared networks when multiple users conte nd for access to the same resources (bandwidth, buffers, and queues). Many vehic les enter the freeway without regard for impending or existing congestion. As mo re vehicles enter the freeway, congestion gets worse. Eventually, the on-ramps m ay back up, preventing vehicles from getting on at all. In packet-switched networks, packets move in and out of the buffers and queues o f switching devices as they traverse the network. In fact, a packet-switched net work is often referred to as a "network of queues." A characteristic of packet-s witched networks is that packets may arrive in bursts from one or more sources. Buffers help routers absorb bursts until they can catch up. If traffic is excess ive, buffers fill up and new incoming packets are dropped. Increasing the size o f the buffers is not a solution, because excessive buffer size can lead to exces sive delay. Congestion typically occurs where multiple links feed into a single link, such a s where internal LANs are connected to WAN links. Congestion also occurs at rout ers in core networks where nodes are subjected to more traffic than they are des igned to handle. TCP/IP networks such as the Internet are especially susceptible to congestion because of their basic connection- less nature. There are no virt ual circuits with guaranteed bandwidth. Packets are injected by any host at any time, and those packets are variable in size, which make predicting traffic patt erns and providing guaranteed service impossible. While connectionless networks have advantages, quality of service is not one of them. to shape output and input traffic at the inter-domain link with O(1) complexity. STLCC produces a congestion index, pushes the packet loss to the network edge a nd improves the network performance. Finally, the simple version of STLCC is int roduced. This version is deployable in the Internet without any IP protocols mod ifications and preserves also the packet datagram.