HKCEE Paper I running answer text 2002 Biology

1.

(a)(i) The plant tissue cannot carry out photosynthesis, so it needs an external supply of sugar for respiration to release energy and to obtain raw materials for growth. (a)(ii) The genetic make-up of the daughter plants was the same as that of the parent plant because the daughter plants were formed by mitosis of the parent tissue cells. (a)(iii) For plant B, the sterilized soil had no microorganisms for recycling the fallen leaves into minerals. After several weeks, the minerals in the soil became exhausted, so insufficient chlorophyll was made and signs of yellowing showed. (a)(iv) This method is a faster / surer way of producing daughter plants. The desirable characteristics of the parent can be retained in the daughter plants. (accept other reasonable answers) (b)(i) (1) Z Deficiency of vitamin D will lead to poor bone growth. As Z is not strong enough, the body weight exerting on it will cause it to bend. (2) The body produces its own vitamin D under sunlight / UV light (b)(ii) because when producing movements, one muscle contracts, the other relaxes / the contraction of M bends the arm and that of N extends the arm. (b)(iii) Title (T) Position of load, effort, fulcrum correct (P) Direction of arrows correct (A) The weight of the forearm forms the load The force generated by the contraction of muscle M forms the effort The elbow joint forms the fulcrum
effort

1.

load

fulcrum

Lever system for lifting the right forearm 1. (c)(i) (1) 40 mg per 100 cm3 blood (2) 65 mg per 100 cm3 blood (The unit should be included and correct) (c)(ii) In the healthy person, the initial rise in blood glucose level stimulates the secretion of insulin by the pancreas. Insulin stimulates the conversion of glucose into glycogen in the liver to lower the blood glucose level. As there is less insulin secretion in the diabetic person, the increase in blood glucose level in the healthy person is smaller.

(c)(iii) Starting from the 36th minute, the blood glucose level of the diabetic person is higher than the upper limit for complete reabsorption of glucose, so glucose is present in the filtrate. The presence of glucose lowered the water potential of the filtrate, thus the reabsorption of water is reduced and a larger volume of urine would be produced.

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HKCEE Paper I running answer text 2002 Biology

2.

(a)(i) It forms a physical barrier to prevent sperms from meeting the ovum. (a)(ii) AIDS / hepatitis B, C or E / gonorrhea / syphilis (accept other correct answers) (a)(iii) Menstruation will still occur. Since the operation does not affect the production of the female sex hormone by the ovary and the transport of the hormone by blood, under the influence of the female sex hormone, the uterine lining will still get thicker and shed off later (a)(iv) Title (T) Drawing including cell outline (D) Two chromosomes shown i.e. haploid, chromosomes as single thread

The ovum 2. (b)(i) (1) *stoma (2) It allows carbon dioxide to enter the leaf for photosynthesis in cell B. (b)(ii) (1) The moss leaf has no cuticle. And it is one-cell thick, so the surface area to volume ratio is large. This would lead to a high rate of water loss from the plant in dry environment. (2) Atmospheric oxygen first dissolves into the water film on the moss leaf and then diffuses in through the entire surface of the leaf. (c)(i) July September This is because the temperatures in these months were the highest, so the growth was / activities of bacteria were the fastest. (accept other reasonable answers) (c)(ii) Because the patient suffers from excessive loss of minerals / water / dehydration (c)(iii) (1) Biotoxins (2) The harmful substance in microscopic algae is passed to shellfish through feeding. As a shellfish feeds on many algae and the substance can neither be excreted nor broken down by shellfish, the substance would be accumulated to a high level in the shellfish (c)(iv) Cooking the food thoroughly is to kill all the microorganisms in the food. The shorter the time for the food to be left at room temperature, the less the microorganisms can grow in the food.

2.

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HKCEE Paper I running answer text 2002 Biology

3.

(a)(i) (1) (2)

x = 1.5 y = 1.2 x represents the amount of water absorbed by the plant y represents the amount of water transpired/lost by the plant (3) Value x is larger than value y This indicates that there is a net gain of water by the plant. The water gained is essential for various life processes e.g. formation of new cells, photosynthesis, support, cellular metabolism, etc (a)(ii) Value x would decrease This is because vaseline blocks the stomata and the leaf surfaces so the rate of transpiration would drop. As transpiration enhances the absorption of water, when its rate drops, less water would be absorbed by the plant. (b)(i) (1) mammal (2) body covered with hair (b)(ii) insects / invertebrates (b)(iii) Bat B feeds on fruits. The seed coat protects the seeds from being digested in the alimentary canal. Thus intact seeds are egested in the faeces. (b)(iv) Bat B produces a larger amount of faeces per day than bat C, because bat B feeds on plants which contains more indigestible materials. (b)(v) Different types of bats have different diets, thus more resources would be available to the bats. Hence the risk of extinction of bats due to the disappearance of a certain food source would be smaller.

3.

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HKCEE Paper I running answer text 2002 Biology

3.

(c)(i) (1) (2)

Mutation is a sudden change in the genetic materials A mutation may lead to the synthesis of a new protein or the failure to synthesize a certain protein. Since proteins may be enzymes or may have other functions in the cell, absence of the original protein will result in a change in the metabolic activities of cells.

(c)(ii) Short fingers is the dominant character. Individual 3 is normal, so she must have received at least one allele for normal fingers from either of her parents (individual 1 or 2). However, individuals 1 and 2 have short fingers, so each of them must carry at least one allele for short fingers. Thus at least one of individuals 1 and 2 is heterozygous. In the heterozygous condition, only the dominant character is shown. Therefore, short fingers is the dominant character. (c)(iii) Parent Gamete Offspring Individual 6 ff f ff All offspring have normal fingers Female homozygous for normal fingers ff f

(parent / gamete / offspring should be included)

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HKCEE Paper I running answer text 2002 Biology

4.

(a)(i) The loudness of the sound heard would be smaller, because A is used for collecting sound waves into the external ear canal. (a)(ii) C, E and F (a)(iii) (1) *cochlea (2) They serve as receptors to detect sound vibrations and they produce nerve impulses upon receiving the vibrations. (a)(iv) Due to the frequent loud noises, the sensory hair cells are over-stimulated, so they are damaged. (a)(v) Hearing will be lost, because D, being damaged, cannot transmit nerve impulses to the cerebrum where the nerve impulses are interpreted into hearing. (b)(i) The blood pressure in the vein is much lower than that in the artery. This is because the blood in the artery is directly under the pumping action of the heart, while that in the vein is not. Also, the blood in the vein has overcome great resistance after traveling over a long distance. (b)(ii) To allow more time for the exchange of materials between the blood and the tissue cells. (b)(iii) The volume of blood flow through each section of the circulation per unit time is the same. From the capillary to the vein, the total cross-sectional area decreases, so the velocity of blood flow increases. (b)(iv) Title (T) Shape of the curve showing the drop in O2 content at the capillary (S) Correct axis labels (A) : oxygen content, heart-heart / artery-vein / aorta-vena cava / arteriole-venule

4.

Change in oxygen content of the blood in its circulation between the heart and the leg 4. (c)(i) From 20oC to 60oC, the rate of coagulation of milk by ginger juice increases with increasing temperature. From 80oC to 100oC, the rate of coagulation decreases as temperature increases. The rate of coagulation is highest at 60oC 80oC. (c)(ii) Fresh ginger juice contains an enzyme that converts soluble milk protein into the insoluble form. This can be supported by the coagulating effect of fresh ginger juice which is lost upon boiling. (c)(iii) In the stomach. Coagulated milk protein, being in semi-solid form, can be retained in the stomach for a longer period of time to be digested by the protease.

2002-CE-BIO I-5