Trng i hc Bch Khoa H Ni Khoa in t Vin thng

K thut nh v v dn ng in t
Electronics Positioning and Navigations
TS. Trng Tun B mn K thut thng tin
H Ni, 9-2010

Nguyn l v h thng Radar

Radar Principles &Systems

 6. Tnh nng ng dng v k thut ca i radar

Tnh nng ng dng

1. Gc khi khng gian cn quan st 2. rng cnh sng 3. Chu k /tc qut cnh sng 4. C ly hot ng ti a 5. C ly hot ng ti thiu 6. Thi gian chiu x mc tiu 7. tin cy v kh nng chng nhiu 8. Cc thng s o c

Tnh nng k thut

1. Tn s pht 2. Tn s lp xung, rng xung 3. Phng thc iu ch 4. Cng sut pht 5. phn gii theo c ly R v theo gc 6. Kch c anten 7. nhy my thu 8. Tn s thu trung tn

 7. S khi ca h thng radar s cp tp trung bc x xung

Radar s cp tp trung bc x xung gm 5 phn h chnh:

Phn h ngun
Phn h my pht Phn h my thu Phn h anten Phn h o lng, hin th v iu khin

Anten
C cu quay anten

Chuyn mch thu pht

5

Khuch i cng sut pht

4

To dao ng sng mang

iu ch
2

To xung iu ch

ng ng b c cu quay anten vi hin th nhn vng

Khuch i cao tn
9

To dao ng ngoi sai

Trn tn
10 11

Khuch i trung tn
12

Tch sng video

13

Khuch i video
14 1

D,

ng h ng b Phn h ngun

H
1

Vxt

My tnh

Phn h anten

Anten
C cu quay anten

Chuyn mch thu pht

5

Khuch i cng sut pht

4

To dao ng sng mang Phn h my pht

iu ch
2

To xung iu ch

ng ng b c cu quay anten vi hin th nhn vng

Phn h my thu To dao ng ngoi sai

Khuch i cao tn
9

Trn tn
10 11

Khuch i trung tn
12

Tch sng video

13

Khuch i video
14 1

D,

ng h ng b Phn h ngun

H
1

Vxt

Phn h o lng, hin th v iu khin

My tnh

Biu thi gian my pht

U1
1

t U2
2

Txung pht t

U3
3

U6>U5>U4 t

U6 thc t t

Biu thi gian my thu

U9 > U8 > U7 Txung pht t

U10

Tns t

U12 > U11

Ttrung tn t

U13 > U12

Txung pht t

Uqx t Tqx

Cc thnh phn c bn ca mt h thng Radar

C cu qut cnh sng TRANSMIT thu tn hiu Radar M

chuyn mch Antenna

My thu

My pht X l v hin th Ngun

Pulse Radar Components

PPI : Plan Position Indicator

 8. S khi ca h thng radar th cp tp trung bc x xung

S khi ca phn my tr li Transponder

Secondary Radar

reply interrogation

Radar gim st th cp SSR

Transponders
A transponder is a receiver / transmitter device designed to transmit a response signal when legitimately interrogated. [NATO definition] An automatic device that transmits a predetermined message in response to a predefined received signal. [Wikipedia]

Nguyn l c bn ca SSR

P1-P3 spacing 8 s 21 s

Request Identify Height ?

Modes 3/A C

Amplitude Khong cch lin xung P1-P3 spacing

P1
Amplitude

P2

Bn tin hi (Interrogation message)

P3

F1

F2

Khun dng tn hiu tr li t transponder

Radar gim st th cp SSR

Mode A (simple system): Aircraft identification (Call-sign) Mode C (more advanced): Mode A + altitude Mode S (more recently): Mode C + 24 bit address identifier (unambiguous) Provides limited air-air and air-ground communications Can also provides whereabouts of other aircraft in its vicinity Uses digital error-correcting codes for improved reliability

Sidelobe suppression
aircraft 1

P
ground station
side l

ain 1m

e b lo

obe

INTERFERENCE!!!

aircraft 2

Sidelobe suppression
aircraft 1

ain 1m

e b lo

A1

P1

P2

ground station

side l

obe

A2

P2 P1 P2

aircraft 2

Radar mode S
Traces the history of Mode S (1968-1975), an air traffic control technology developed by Lincoln Labs

Mode S

Interoperability Issues
Transparency: Mode S must not break existing systems Backwards-compatibility: Existing systems must still see Mode S equipped planes

other aircraft existing signal existing ground station Mode S ground station

Mode S equipped

new signal

Frequency
New frequency: difficult to allocate Same frequency as old system (1030/1090 MHz): interoperable, but may cause interference

300 MHz VHF

1030 MHz 1090 MHz

UHF

3000 MHz SHF

The neatest technical solution would have been to put it on its own [frequency] band. - Paul Drouilhet, LL

Radar mode S

P1-P3 spacing 8 s 21 s

Request Identify Height ?

Modes 3/A C

Amplitude Mode S

(Source: http://web.mit.edu/6.933/www/Fall2000/mode-s/signal.html)

Secondary Radar

Secondary Radar

Primary Radar

Primary Radar

Airport Surveillance Radar (ASR)

Air Route Surveillance Radar (ARSR)

Radar mode S

Identification Friend or Foe (IFF)

Used to specifically identify targets seen by the primary radar.

AWACS: Airborne Early Warning and Control System