i

AUTHOR DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the work in this academic project is my own except for quotations and summaries which have been duly acknowledged.

Date: 15th of June 2013

Signature Name Matric. No. Address

: .... : Umar Mukhtar Bin Mohd Noor : 1080183 : No. 4, Jalan 3/3, Taman Desa Taming Sari, 76300 Sungai Udang, Melaka, Malaysia.

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51 : 3152 ..................................: : 5101502 : 4 : 2/2 00211

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In the name of Allah, the Most Merciful and the Most Compassionate. Alhamdulillah, praise to the Almighty. Grateful to Him who had made this work become possible complete.

Then, I would like to express my deepest appreciation to all those who provided me the possibility to complete this report. A special gratitude I give to my final year academic project supervisor and also my lecturer, Dr. Resali bin Muda, whose contribution in stimulating suggestions and encouragement, helped me to coordinate my project especially in writing this academic project.

Next, as regard to my beloved family, the most important person in my life, my parents, Mohd Noor bin Omar and Fauziah binti Md Sharif. Then, not forgotten to my beloved siblings Abidah Aqilah binti Mohd Noor, Nurfathiyyah binti Mohd Noor, Mohd Syamil bin Mohd Noor and Mohd Nabil bin Mohd Noor. Without all of them, I would not have spirit to undergone this academic project.

Furthermore, I would also like to acknowledge with much appreciation the crucial role of the staff of Faculty of Syariah and Law, Islamic Science University of Malaysia, who gave the permission to use all required equipment and the necessary materials to complete the task. Special thanks go to the rest of the lecturers and all my colleagues who help me to embrace the idea and gave suggestions about the research.

Last but not least, many thanks go to the Dean of faculty, the Head Program whose have invested his full effort in guiding us in achieving the goal. To all my colleagues, lecturers, I would like to send my deepest gratitude to all of you and ask for forgiveness from my fault. I would like to take this chance to wish all of you the best in your undertaking future.

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ABSTRAK

Kajian ini dijalankan adalah bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti kemungkinan untuk melaksanakan undang-undang Diyat dalam system undang-undang jenayah di Malaysia. Kajian ini juga dijalankan dengan melakukan perbandingan keberkesanan antara undang-undang jenayah Malaysia yang diambil daripada undang-undang British dengan undang-undang Diyat dalam Islam. Kajian ini mensasarkan perlaksanaan yang bersifat umum kepada seluruh rakat Malaysia dan tidak hanya dilaksanakan dalam kerangka bidang kuasa undang-undang Syariah yang terbatas seperti yang diamalkan sekarang. Kajian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengkaji keberkesanan undang-undang jenayah semasa di Malaysia dalam memberikan keadilan yang setimpal dan sokongan kepada keluarga mangsa kes menyebabkan kematian terutama kes bunuh. Kajian ini juga akan melibatkan perbincangan tentangan pembahagian saksama nilai keadilan dalam

pernghakiman oleh mahkamah dengan membandingkan pembahagian tersebut antara konteks undang-undang British dan undang-undang Islam.

ABSTRACT

The study is to examine the possibility to implement the law of blood money under Malaysian criminal legal system. It is also to compare the Malaysian current legal provision that was brought and developed under British law with the blood money system. It also looks into plural implementation of blood money in civil jurisdiction rather than inserting thereof into the current Syariah criminal jurisdiction. This research is confined to the study of implementation of blood money in homicide case especially in murder. It is also the purpose of this research to examine the effectiveness of current Malaysia criminal law in giving justice and mollifying the family member of homicide victim. This research will also include the discussion on the distribution of justice between British law system and Islamic law system.

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. . . . .

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LIST OF CONTENT

Content AUTHOR DECLARATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ABSTRAK ABSTRACT MULAKHAS AL-BAHTH LIST OF CONTENT LIST OF CASES LIST OF STATUTES LIST OF TRANSLITERATIONS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CHAPTER ONE: RESEARCH PROPOSAL 1.1 Background of Research 1.2 Statement of Problems 1.3 Objective and Aim of Research 1.4 Research Methodology 1.5 Literature Review 1.6 Scope And Limitation Of Research CHAPTER TWO: INTRODUCTION 2.1 Justice as the Aim of Any Law 2.2 The Nature of Justice in Homicide Case 2.3 Archaic Dichotomy of Crime and Tort

Page i iii iv v vi vii ix x xi xiii

1 1 3 3 4 6

8 10 12

CHAPTER

THREE:

EXHAUSTIVE

PUNISHMENT

FOR

HOMICIDE UNDER MALAYSIAN LAW 3.1 Provision of Homicide in Act 574 of Penal Code of Malaysia 3.2 Provisions in Act 593 of Criminal Procedure Code of Malaysia 3.3 Effectiveness of Punishment for Homicide Case 15 17 20

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CHAPTER FOUR: PRACTICES OF BLOOD MONEY LAW IN HISTORY AND CURRENT 4.1 Blood Money Law in History 4.2 Blood Money Law in Current Practices 4.3 Real Cases Study 23 29 31

CHAPTER FIVE: IMPLEMENTATION OF BLOOD MONEY LAW 5.1 Murder in Compatibility with Malaysian Penal Code. 5.2 The Law of Diyat in Islam 5.3 Single Litigation 5.4 Impecunious Offender: Takaful replacing the system of Aqilah 5.5 The Law of Diyah & Takaful v No-Fault Liability Scheme 5.6 Blood Money as the Alternative Punishment and Not as a Mere Additional Punishment 5.7 Plural Administration 49 52 35 38 40 42 48

CONCLUSION: SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY

54 61

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LIST OF CASES

Case Citation Public Prosecutor v Low Lu Keng Muar, High Court Criminal Appeal No.
42-8-1990

Page 23

LIST OF TABLE TABLE TABLE 1: Calculation of Diyah Page 29

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LIST OF STATUTE

Name of Statutes Penal Code [Act 574] Federal Constitution of Malaysia Criminal Procedure Code [Act 593] Pakistan Qisas and Diyat Ordinance 1991 Sudan Criminal Act 1991 Iran Chapter on Hudud and Qisas Kelantan Syariah Criminal Code (II) Enactment 1993

Page 1, 16, 17,18, 49 20, 41 17, 19, 20, 22, 41, 55, 57 30 30 30 30

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LIST OF TRANSLITERATION

ARABIC LETTERS

TRANSLITERATION

a b t th j h kh d dz r z s sy

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s dh th zh gh f q k l m n w h y

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LIST OF ABBREVIATION

AC All ER Anor. BLR Cap CJ CLJ Cox CC Cr App DPP FC HL J JP

Appeal Court All England Report Another Building Law Report Capital Court Judge Current Law Journal Cox Criminal Cases Court Appellate Deputy Public Prosecutor Federal Court House Lords Judge Justice of the Peace Reports

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KB n.a. MLJ Ors. P.B.U.H. PP R QB SCR SLR Sya Vol. YA

Kings Bench No author Malayan Law Journal Others Peace be upon him Public Prosecutor Rex Queens Bench Supreme Court Reports Singapore Law Reports Syariah Volume Yang Arif