ELECTRONIC WARFARE

SYSTEMS

PROTECTING
THE MISSION
AND THOSE WHO
MUST COMPLETE IT.
Effectors that provide state-of-the-art jamming
and countermeasure capabilities. Sensors that
enhance situational awareness. Integrated EW
systems that give warfighters control of the
electromagnetic spectrum. They’re all part of
Raytheon’s combat-proven electronic warfare
systems—and can be integrated into platforms
across land, sea and air. So key decision-makers
all over the world can count on the innovative
technology they need to complete the
mission and save lives.

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524760_Raytheon.indd 1 5/4/11 12:37:47 AM

 JUNE 2011
Vol. 34, No. 6

The World’s
SIGINT Aircraft

Also in this issue:

French EW
EW Upgrades for Fighter Aircraft
Technology Survey: Airborne IR Decoys and Dispensers
 ITT’s advances in providing the next generation of aircraft survivability equipment
are another example of our constant commitment to the warfighter. This year, we
took our next generation of IRCM solutions beyond simulation, successfully flight
testing a fully integrated IRCM system on service aircraft in operational scenarios.
By taking aircraft survivability to the next level, ITT’s IRCM joins a six-decade heritage
of force protection leadership in electronic warfare. To learn more, please visit www.es.itt.com.

Protecting lifelines with the next

generation of IR defense.

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 June 2011 • Volume 34, Issue 6

News Country Profile:

The Monitor 15 France’s EW Programs 54
USAF UAV-Borne Comms Jammer Tom Withington
4 Moving Forward. As the country continues to support operations
across the globe, JED looks at how the French
Washington Report 26 Army, Navy and Air Force are modernizing EW
The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011

HASC Makes No Cuts in FY12 Defense programs to continue its missions.

Authorization Bill Markup
Technology Survey: Airborne 59
World Report 28 Dispensers and IR Expendables
India Advances Fighter Jet Competition, Ollie Holt
Plans Mirage Upgrade. Flare and dispenser technologies continue to
evolve. This year’s survey features nearly 30
Features dispensers and 34 IR decoy and flare products
The World’s SIGINT Aircraft 30 from more than 15 companies.
Martin Streetly 2011 AOC Election Guide 71
Advances in digitization, miniaturization, Your guide to the candidates and voting
reliability and processing have all come procedures for July’s AOC Board of Directors’
together to create much more flexible election.
SIGINT architectures that facilitate plug and
play, virtually on the fly updating and which
increasingly feature data hand-off capabilities in Departments
real- or close to real-time. 6 The View From Here
8 Conferences Calendar
Upgrading Fighter Aircraft 42
10 Courses Calendar
Gábor Zord
With tight defense budgets, as well as longer 12 From the President
and costlier development cycles of new fighter 68 EW 101
platforms, upgrades to legacy airframes 79 AOC Membership Page
represent a logical, necessary or sometimes the 81 Index of Advertisers
only option for virtually all air arms around the 82 JED Quick Look
world.
Cover photo: Nigel Blake
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 the view
f ro m h e re

NEW RULES
FOR EW EDITORIAL STAFF
JUNE 2011 • Vol. 34, No. 6

Editor: John Knowles

Managing Editor: Elaine Richardson

EXPORTS
Senior Editor: Glenn Goodman
Assistant Editor: Jon Pasierb
Technical Editor: Ollie Holt
Contributing Writers: Dave Adamy, Barry Manz, Martin Streetly,
Tom Withington, Gábor Zord
Marketing & Research Coordinator: Allie Hansen
Sales Administration: Esther Biggs
EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD

T
he defense market in general and the electronic warfare (EW) market Mr. Tom Arseneault
in particular have undergone a decade of (sometimes intense) spend- President, Electronic Solutions, BAE Systems
Mr. Roy Azevedo
ing growth, mostly due to years of operations in Iraq and Afghanistan Vice President, Advanced Concepts and Technology,
Raytheon Space and Airborne Systems
and a desire by some nations to boost defense spending as a percent- Mr. Chris Bernhardt
President, ITT Electronic Systems
age of GDP. The most obvious example of this trend is the US, whose Maj Gen Bruno Berthet
Deputy Director for International Development, DGA, French MOD
defense budget has doubled in that time. But many other nations, Lt Col Dean Ebert
Warfighter Integration, Aviation Weapons Requirements Branch, HQ USMC
particularly in Europe, have followed a similar pattern until recently. This growth Mr. Gabriele Gambarara
Elettronica S.p.A.
is already starting to slow down in the US and Europe and, in some countries, it Mr. Tony Grieco
is reversing itself. As was the case in the 1990s, when domestic defense spending Former Deputy for Electronic Warfare, OSD
Mr. Itzchak Gat
shrinks or stagnates, industry will place more emphasis on export opportunities. CEO, Elisra
CAPT John Green
For many EW manufacturers, success in the international market can be ex- Commander, EA-6B Program Office (PMA-234), NAVAIR, USN
Mr. Ron Hahn
tremely important when domestic spending becomes constrained. At the same VP, EM Spectrum Strategies, URS Corp.
Mr. Micael Johansson
time, however, the EW needs of the international market are becoming more com- Senior Vice President and Head of Business Area, Electronic Defence
Systems, Saab
6 plex. Countries such as Brazil and India are conducting significant fighter aircraft Mr. Anthony Lisuzzo
Director, Intelligence and Information Warfare Directorate, CERDEC, USA
competitions. They do not simply want to buy EW for their new fighters; they CAPT Paul Overstreet
Commander, ATAPS Program Office (PMA-272), NAVAIR, USN
eventually want to build advanced EW systems themselves as part of a strategic
The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011

Mr. Jeffrey Palombo

goal to develop greater self-reliance. So it’s no surprise that these countries are Senior VP and GM, Land and Self-Protection Systems Division,
Electronic Systems, Northrop Grumman Corp.
insisting on government-to-government technology transfer deals and foreign Rep. Joe Pitts (Honorary Member)
US Congress, Founding Member, EW Working Group
industry investment in their tech sectors as part of their fighter selection pro- Mr. Kerry Rowe
President and COO, Argon ST
cess. French and Israeli EW companies have been developing partnerships with Wg Cdr P.J. Wallace
Military Strategic Planning 2, International Policy and Planning, UK MOD
these countries for more than a decade, and this early work has been a significant Mr. Richard Wittstruck
Chief Engineer, PEO Intelligence, Electronic Warfare and Sensors, USA
advantage for them. Mr. Walter Wolf
Chairman, JED Committee, AOC
The US, UK and Italy, on the other hand, have been focusing heavily on the
Gulf States (among others in the Middle East), which are seeking greater self-re- PRODUCTION STAFF
Layout & Design: Barry Senyk
liance in terms of EW reprogramming, as well as some component manufacturing. Advertising Art: Carrie Marsh
As EW users, many of the Gulf States are also aggressively developing a profes- Contact the Editor: (978) 509-1450, JEDeditor@naylor.com
Contact the Sales Manager:
sional corps of EW operators within their military organizations. This seems to be (800) 369-6220, ext. 3407, or (352) 333-3407
a strategic initiative throughout the region. sales@crows.org
Meeting the needs of such a diverse customer base means enabling exporting Subscription Information: Please contact Glorianne O’Neilin
at (703) 549-1600 or e-mail oneilin@crows.org.
governments to understand the EW market as well. In the Indian fighter competi-
The Journal of Electronic Defense
tion, the two US bids were eliminated last month (along with the Swedish and is published for the AOC by
Russian proposals). US companies offered competitive aircraft and competitive EW
systems to the Indian Air Force, but the US government reportedly did not offer a Naylor, LLC
very attractive EW technology transfer scheme for either bid. In Brazil, the ongo- 5950 NW 1st Place
Gainesville, FL 32607
ing three-way competition between Sweden, France and the US looks like it may Phone: (800) 369-6220 • Fax: (352) 331-3525
www.naylor.com
follow a similar pattern. These countries want to be more than EW buyers. Their
©2011 Association of Old Crows/Naylor, LLC. All rights reserved. The
ambitions are sophisticated and their needs are more complex than a simpler contents of this publication may not be reproduced by any means, in
whole or in part, without the prior written authorization of the publisher.
supplier-buyer relationship. In their own way, the Gulf States want the same sort
Editorial: The articles and editorials appearing in this magazine do not
of EW partnerships. represent an official AOC position, except for the official notices printed
in the “Association News” section or unless specifically identified as an
The question for EW exporters is, “which companies and governments understand AOC position.
these evolving expectations of EW buyers and which do not?” The answer will likely
determine the shape of the EW market over the coming decades. – John Knowles PUBLISHED JUNE 2011/JED-M0611/5295
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 c ale ndar c o nfe re n c e s & trade s h ows
JUNE Paris Air Show AUGUST
June 20-26
International Microwave Symposium Paris-Le Bourget, France Directed Energy T&E Conference
June 5-10 www.paris-air-show.com August 2-4
Baltimore, MD Albuquerque, NM
http://ims2011.org JULY www.deps.org
Advanced High-Power Lasers 2nd RF EW Conference Intelligent EW Operations Conference
Conference July 5 August 10-11
June 6-10 Shrivenham, UK Manassas, VA
Santa Fe, NM www.cranfield.ac.uk www.crows.org
www.deps.org
TADTE 2011
AOC Whidbey Roost EW Symposium August 11-14
June 13-17 Taipei, Taiwan
NAS Whidbey Island, WA www.tadte.com.tw
www.whidbeyroost.org
Unmanned Systems
North America 2011
August 16-19
Washington, DC
www.auvsi.org
MAKS 2011
August 16-21
Zhukovsky, Russia
www.airshow.ru
InfowarCon Europe 2011
August 29-September 1
NATO School, Oberammergau, Germany
www.crows.org

SEPTEMBER
InfowarCon Cyber Confernece
September 13-15
Linthicum Heights, MD
8 www.crows.org
DSEi 2011
September 13-16
The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011

London, UK
www.dsei.co.uk
AFA Air and Space Conference
September 19-21
Washington, DC
www.afa.org
Modern Day Marine
September 27-29
Quantico, VA
www.marinemilitaryexpos.com

OCTOBER
AUSA Annual Meeting
October 10-12
Washington, DC
www.ausa.org

NOVEMBER
48th Annual AOC International
Symposium and Convention
November 13-16
Washington, DC
www.crows.org
Dubai Airshow
November 13-17
Dubai, UAE
http://dubaiairshow.aero a

AOC events noted in red. For more

information, visit www.crows.org.

530498_Crane.indd 1 5/4/11 12:19:35 AM

®
 c ale ndar c o u r s e s & s e m i n a r s
JUNE DIRCM: Technology, AUGUST
Modeling and Testing
An Introduction to Command and July 12-14 Introduction to Information Operations
Control Concepts, Systems, and Huntsville, GA August 2-5
Test & Evaluation www.pe.gatech.edu Alexandria, VA
June 14-16 www.crows.org
Atlanta, GA Basic RF Electronic Warfare Concepts
www.pe.gatech.edu July 26-28 Directed Infrared Countermeasures
Denver, CO (DIRCM) Principles Course
www.pe.gatech.edu August 4-5
JULY Aero Institute, Palmdale, CA
www.crows.org
Fundamental Principles of EW
July 11-15 Intelligence Support
Alexandria, VA for Spectrum Operations
www.crows.org August 8-9
Manassas, VA
www.crows.org
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and
Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs)
August 8-12
Aero Institute, Palmdale, CA
www.crows.org
EO/IR Fundamentals for EW Engineers
and Managers
August 15-19
Aero Institute, Palmdale, CA
www.crows.org
Electronic Combat Flight Testing
August 16-19
Las Vegas, NV
www.pe.gatech.edu
IR/Visible Signature Suppression
August 16-19
10 Atlanta, GA
www.pe.gatech.edu
The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011

SEPTEMBER
Digital RF Memory Technology
September 20-22
Atlanta, GA
www.pe.gatech.edu
Basic RF Electronic Warfare Concepts
September 20-22
Atlanta, GA
www.pe.gatech.edu
Advanced RF EW Principles
September 26-30
Atlanta, GA
www.pe.gatech.edu

OCTOBER
Principles of Radar Electronic
Protection
October 11-14
Atlanta, GA
www.pe.gatech.edu

NOVEMBER
IR Countermeasures
November 29-December 2
Atlanta, GA
www.pe.gatech.edu a

AOC courses are noted in red. For more

info or to register, visit www.crows.org.

490190_Emhiser.indd 1 2/2/11 8:59:42 AM

ARCHITECTURE FOR NOW
AND THE FUTURE

A2PATS — INDUSTRY’S FIRST DIRECT

PORT ELECTRONIC WARFARE SIMULATOR
AAI’s Advanced Architecture Phase, Amplitude and Time Simulator
(A2PATS) is the only electronic warfare (EW) simulator available with
direct-port radio frequency (RF) injection. Critical for advanced EW
receivers, direct injection provides the highest possible signal fidelity
at the lowest cost because it eliminates complex, performance-limiting
RF distribution networks required for multiplexed simulators.
The A2PATS incorporates identical, high-performance phase-coherent
Synthetic Stimulus Instruments behind every port for unparalleled
plug-and-play installation, testing availability and user maintenance.
Active, real-time background alignment provides accurate, repeatable
testing results. Coupled with a simplified user interface, the A2PATS
reduces training and programming time, as well as minimizes potential
operator error.
AAI has leveraged its expertise as a world leader in EW simulation to
deliver the A2PATS architecture, designed to meet advanced digital
EW receiver needs of today and far into the future with a wide range
of port, signal and density configurations.
To learn more, e-mail AAIREG@aaicorp.com or call 800-655-2616.

aaicorp.com
© 2010 AAI Corporation. All rights reserved. AAI is an operating unit of Textron Systems,
a Textron Inc. (NYSE: TXT) company. AAI and design is a registered trademark of AAI Corporation.
F-35 photo courtesy U.S. Air Force.
 message
f ro m the p re s i d e nt
Association of Old Crows
1000 North Payne Street, Suite 200
Alexandria, VA 22314-1652
Phone: (703) 549-1600

EW CO-OPETITION
Fax: (703) 549-2589
PRESIDENT
Walter Wolf
VICE PRESIDENT

FOR INFO
Laurie Buckhout
SECRETARY
Jesse “Judge” Bourque
TREASURER
David Hime

OPS AT LARGE DIRECTORS

Michael “Mick” Riley
William “Buck” Clemons
Steven Umbaugh
Cliff Moody
Linda Palmer
Paul Westcott
Robert Elder
David Hime
Tony Lisuzzo
REGIONAL DIRECTORS

E 
lectronic Warfare professionals work with pretty high-tech stuff, but more Southern: Wes Heidenreich
Central: Judith Westerheide
and more, technology advancement is paced not by government military Northeastern: Nino Amoroso
electronics procurement but rather by greater and more intense commercial Mountain-Western: Jesse “Judge” Bourque
electronics sales. For example, the 2011 global retail electronics sales will Mid-Atlantic: Bill Tanner
exceed the total 2011 US DOD budget and is forecasted to be $964 billion, Pacific: Joe “JJ” Johnson
International I: Robert Andrews
with the greatest growth in Western Europe followed by the United States and International II: Gerry Whitford
China. Forty-eight percent of those sales will be wireless portable devices. While there APPOINTED DIRECTORS
are some near monopolies in the commercial electronics market space such as Apple, Robert Giesler
Nintendo, Verizon, AT&T and Vodaphone, among others, the robust and upward global Jim Lovelace
Donato D’Angelantonio
electronics sales trend is indicative that even in competition for sales there is coopera- Thomas Metz
12 tion. Wireless portable devices produced by Apple and Nintendo depend on availability IMMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENT
of 3G and 4G networks operated by Verizon, AT&T and Vodaphone, and the networks’ Chris Glaze
growth in sales depends on consumer’s insatiable appetite for ever increasing mobile AOC STAFF
The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011

technology. This type of cooperative-competition, dubbed “co-opetition,” allows these Don Richetti
Executive Director
companies to capture value not from each other, but to realize even greater value with richetti@crows.org
each other. Norman Balchunas
Practiced for nearly 100 years in the commercial sector, co-opetition is fueling the Director, Operations
acceleration of electronics technology and yielding explosive sales growth. Co-opetition balchunas@crows.org
is real, it works, and it’s time for the EW community to better leverage this business Mike Dolim
Director of Education
practice to meet the challenges of 21st century military operations. EW needs to “co- dolim@crows.org
opetate” with all of information operations’ (IO’s) other core capabilities to converge on Carole H. Vann
the battlefield. To do that, IO’s competencies must complement each other with unique Director of Administration
competency-based strategies and be free to innovate rather than consolidate, collapse vann@crows.org
Shelley Frost
and be constrained within a sole organization. Game theory underpins co-opetition as
Director of Convention and Meeting Services
a method for IO to focus on the right competency-based strategies and make the right frost@crows.org
decisions to change the proverbial game. Co-opetition changes the game by changing Kent Barker
one of more of the parts of the game – Players, Added Value, Rules, Tactics and/or Conferences Director/FSO
Scope, known as PARTS. barker@crows.org
Glorianne O’Neilin
In January, US Secretary of Defense Robert Gates issued a memorandum on Strategic Director of Membership Operations
Communications and Information Operations in the DOD that, in essence, initiates co- oneilin@crows.org
opetition among core IO capabilities. His memo redefined roles and responsibilities of Stew Taylor
Marketing and Exhibits Manager
IO players with the direction to the CJCS to reorganize joint force IO development and taylor@crows.org
management and, among other role assignments, USSTRATCOM capability proponency Tanya Miller
for EW and CNO. He adjusted the rules, tactics and scope with a new definition of IO to Member and Chapter Support Manager
tmiller@crows.org
emphasize its integrating nature. This memo sets forth the needed change to the exist- Jennifer Bahler
ing notion that core IO capabilities must be overseen by one entity. Specifically: “Capa- Registrar
bahler@crows.org
bility integration does not necessitate ownership.” Co-opetition or integration among
Keith Jordan
IO core capabilities will provide the best cost-effective solution to provide maximum IT Manager
IO effects value to the warfighter. EW professionals have a rich history of unleashing jordan@crows.org
innovation and exhibiting an entrepreneurial spirit. It’s time for EW to integrate and Tasha Miller
Membership Assistant
co-opetate in information operations. – Walter Wolf tashamiller@crows.org
Electronic Warfare

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t he
USAF UAV-BORNE COMMS JAMMER
MOVING FORWARD
The US Air Force’s Aeronautical Sys-
tems Center (ASC) at Wright-Patterson
AFB, OH, was preparing to award up to
four 18-month Technology Develop-
ment risk-reduction contracts by the
end of July for the service’s planned
Communications Electronic Attack
(EA) Pod program, newly dubbed DEA-
CON (Disruptive EA of Communication
Networks). The external jamming pod
is slated to be mounted on Air Force
MQ-9 Reaper (Predator B) Block 5 un-
manned aerial vehicles (UAVs) built by
General Atomics.
The EA pod is intended to provide
the Air Force an advanced airborne
communications jamming capability
for irregular warfare scenarios, such as
those experienced by US forces in Iraq
and Afghanistan. The pod would dis-
rupt communication networks used by
insurgents and prevent the detonation
of radio-controlled improvised explosive
devices (IEDs). The Air Force’s workhorse
EC-130H Compass Call stand-off commu-
nications-jamming aircraft has logged
countless flight hours in recent years
carrying out such missions in support of
Army and Marine ground forces instead
of its primary purpose of jamming inte-
grated air defense system (IADS) com-
mand-and-control networks to disrupt
enemy coordination.
BAE Systems, ITT, Raytheon and Boe-
ing’s Argon ST received small Technology
Maturity study contracts last November
that were a precursor to the forthcoming
Technology Development (TD) contracts.
The goal of the TD phase will be to ma-
ture critical EA pod technologies to a
Technology Readiness Level of 6-plus
in a flyable form factor by the middle
of 2012, with flight demonstrations by
late 2012. This would allow the EA pod
program to transition directly into an
monitor
news
Engineering and Manufacturing
Development (EMD) phase in 2013.
The 18-month TD contracts
will encompass three phases:
prototype concept design (basic
contract-Objective A); an option
for ground/laboratory demon-
strations (Objective B); and a
subsequent option for flight dem-
onstrations (Objective C). The ini-
tial contracts will be worth up to
$1.75 million each. ASC plans to gation for all medium/high-risk or criti-
select up to three of the four Objective cal components and subsystems. Each
A contractors to receive the Objective B Objective C contractor will demonstrate
option and up to three of those to re- a flight-worthy prototype EA pod sys-
ceive the Objective C option, with the tem that uses components representa-
combined value of the two options to tive of a follow-on EMD configuration.
each company not to exceed $7 million. The Broad Agency Announce-
Each contractor will provide an initial ment solicitation number is ASC-XR- 15
integrated assessment of cost, schedule BAA-08-01-02. The contracting point
and technical program risks associated of contact at ASC is Frederick Rueth,
with the concept design and a mitigation (937) 255-7995, e-mail frederick.rueth@
strategy for each risk. Specific technol- wpafb.af.mil. – G. Goodman
ogy areas to be addressed include re-
ceivers, antenna arrays, radomes, beam UPGRADED HARM AIMS
formers, exciters, power amplifiers and FOR FULL PRODUCTION
data links, as well as related consid- The US Navy’s AGM-88E Advanced
erations such as prime power, volume, Anti-Radiation Guided Missile (AARGM)
weight, cooling and packaging. Under program was expected to begin Opera-
Objective B, the contractors will provide tional Evaluation (OPEVAL) flight test-
ground demonstrations of the risk miti- ing following an extensive Pentagon
US ARMY READY TO DEVELOP UAV SIGINT PAYLOAD
The US Army’s Program Manager for Aerial Common Sensors (Aberdeen Prov-
ing Ground, MD) planned to release the request for proposals (RFP) on May 23
for Engineering and Manufacturing Development of a Tactical Signals Intelli-
gence (SIGINT) Payload (TSP) for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).
Responses were due on June 23. The Army anticipates selecting a single TSP
contractor in late September. The leading industry contenders are expected to
be BAE Systems (Nashua, NH) and Northrop Grumman ESL (Sacramento, CA).
TSP will be a pod-mounted system to be initially integrated and tested on an
RC-12D Guardrail aircraft and then fielded on the Army’s new MQ-1C Gray Eagle
UAV, an enlarged Predator derivative built by General Atomics. The Solicitation
Number is W15P7T-11-R-S801; the point of contact is Brian Bosmans, (443) 861-
4743, e-mail brian.bosmans@us.army.mil. – G. Goodman
 t h e m o n i t o r | n e w s

recertification review that was slated to stand-off weapon used for lethal sup-
occur in late May-early June. Successful pression of enemy air defenses (SEAD)
completion of the operational testing missions by US Navy and Air Force tacti-
will lead to approval of delayed full-rate cal aircraft since 1984.
production. AARGM is an upgraded de- AARGM entered low-rate initial pro-
rivative of Raytheon’s supersonic AGM- duction by ATK (Woodland Hills, CA)
88 High-Speed Anti-Radiation Missile in January 2009 but ran into problems
(HARM), the primary air-to-surface in Initial Operational Test & Evaluation
FlxGen™ Family of
flights begun in the spring of 2010 due
to intermittent software and circuit
card failures. The Navy halted the test-
ing on September 3. ATK corrected the
problems, as verified in Integrated Test
& Evaluation flights since February. The
Navy’s program office for Direct & Time-
Sensitive Strike Weapons (PMA-242) at
NAS Patuxent River, MD, told JED in a
written response, “Based on weapon
performance in integrated test, we are
confident we will successfully complete

HF-VHF/UHF-MW OPEVAL.”
AARGM retains HARM’s warhead,
Receivers & Downconverters wings, fins and rocket motors, but up-
grades the missile’s control section with
a GPS/inertial navigation system and
NEW! completely replaces its front-end seek-
er section. The new multi-mode seeker
section features a more sensitive anti-
SIR-3000 radiation homing seeker with a digital
receiver and an active millimeter-wave
(MMW) radar seeker. The latter is used
• Frequency Ranges
Detect 10 KHz to 40 GHz
for terminal guidance when a targeted
air defense radar shuts down after the
• Industry Leading In-Band IP3
supersonic AARGM is launched and
• Real Time SDR- DSP via Ethernet
homes in on its RF emissions. The GPS/
Define • High Spurious Free Dynamic Range (SFDR)
INS allows the missile to attack a non-
• Flexible Control of IF Bandwidths
16 emitting time-sensitive target if its co-
• Flexible Control of
ordinates are known. The MMW radar
IF Frequencies
Defend seeker can actively search to find a non-
The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011

emitting target whose exact location is

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 t h e m o n i t o r | n e w s
18G Growlers, and the Italian Air Force’s
Tornado ECR aircraft. AARGM is a co-
operative development and production
program with Italy. The US Navy alone
may convert about 1,750 of its more
than 5,000 HARMs to AARGMs.
The US Air Force launches HARMs
from single-seat F-16CJ Block 50 aircraft
fitted with the HARM Targeting System
external pod built by Raytheon. The Air
Force does not plan to convert any of
its HARMs to AARGMs. Instead it is com-
peting development of a less extensive,
lower-cost upgrade called the “HARM
Control Section Modification,” which
only adds the GPS guidance capability
to the missile’s mid-body control section
and upgrades its existing INS. The Air
Force awarded both Raytheon and ATK
18-month limited production contracts
last December. Following a performance
verification fly-off, the service plans to
award a single full-rate production con-
tract encompassing about 500 modified
HARM control sections.
HARM is in service with the air
forces of several European, Middle
Eastern and Asian countries, includ-
18
The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011
527093_Grintek.indd 1
ing Germany, which would be potential
customers for the US Navy or US Air
Force HARM upgrades, along with F/A-
18 users. – G. Goodman
EMPIRE CHALLENGE TO
SHOWCASE FIREBIRD
US Joint Forces Command’s May
3-June 23 “Empire Challenge 2011”
intelligence, surveillance and recon-
naissance (ISR) demonstration was set
to showcase Northrop Grumman’s new
Firebird “optionally manned” air ve-
hicle. Firebird can accommodate and
operate four discrete sensor payloads
simultaneously.
The US Army has sponsored the
vehicle’s participation in Empire Chal-
lenge and will operate it from Fort
Huachuca, AZ, during the exercise.
Key capability demonstrations were to
include simultaneous use of the four
payloads (billed as signals intelligence
(SIGINT)/direction-finding, electro-
optic/infrared (EO/IR) imaging, radar
surveillance and communications re-
lay), sensor swap-out and re-launch
within 60 minutes, and simultaneous
sensor control by operators in three
separate locations.
First flown in February 2010, Fire-
bird has been designed, built and tested
by Northrop subsidiary Scaled Compos-
ites (as their Model 355) and takes the
form of an all-composite monoplane
powered by a Textron Lycoming TEO-
540 piston engine. The air vehicle’s
aerodynamics have been crafted to
optimize mission endurance, data col-
lection, climb and dash speed. Physi-
cal specifications include an operating
speed of approximately 370 km/hour; a
wingspan, length and height of 19.81,
10.36 and 2.96 meters, respectively; an
endurance of 24 to 40 hours (depend-
ing on the air vehicle’s configuration);
a gross take-off weight of 2,268 kg;
and the ability to reach an altitude of
30,000 ft. Conversion of the air vehicle
from a manned to an unmanned con-
figuration involves plating over the
platform’s cockpit glazing, removing
the pilot’s seat and installing control
electronics in its place.
In terms of payload options, JED un-
derstands that Firebird’s baseline sen-
4/12/11 9:21 AM
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 t h e m o n i t o r | n e w s

sors comprise two full-motion video (probably derived from the company’s Ku-band (12.5 to 18 GHz) AN/ZPY-1
(FMV) cameras from FLIR Systems, a scalable Airborne Signals Intelligence STARLite ground moving target indi-
Northrop Grumman SIGINT package Payload architecture) and Northrop’s cator/synthetic aperture radar. On the
EO front, photographs have shown the
Firebird prototype to have been vari-
AFRL SEEKS ADVANCES TO ENGAGE AGILE EMITTERS ously equipped with FLIR Systems’ Star
The Air Force Research Lab’s Sensors Directorate at Wright-Patterson AFB, OH SAFIRE 380-HD EO imager and what ap-
(AFRL/RYWE) announced that it anticipated seeking industry research propos- pears to have been Raytheon’s AN/DAS-1
als in June in the area of Integrated Digital Apertures, Receivers and Exciters target detection, ranging and tracking
(I-DARE). It will be Amendment 19 to AFRL’s Sensor Technology Research, De- sensor. Firebird has also been photo-
velopment, Test & Evaluation Open-Ended Broad Agency Announcement (BAA) graphed carrying a radar other than the
II (STROEB II). AN/ZPY-1 on its centerline.
AFRL plans to award a single $24 million indefinite delivery-indefinite Aside from Empire Challenge, Fire-
quantity contract. bird was demonstrated to DOD officials
The objective of the I-DARE effort will be “to design, develop and test inno- with a three-sensor fit (FMV, radar and
vations involving apertures, receives, exciters, signal processing and algorithms EO/IR imaging) in October 2010 and flew
for signals intelligence, threat warning, direction finding, information opera- with two FMV cameras (as a precursor
tions, electronic attack (EA), electronic support (ES) and electronic protection to a four-sensor wide-area surveillance
(EP) applications. Extensive modeling, simulation, testing and integration of suite) the following December. – M.
hardware and software will be required to develop electronic warfare architec- Streetly
tures capable of assessing and engaging advanced agile emitters. Concepts will
be evaluated in a multitude of ways to measure the effectiveness of advanced ONR COUNTERING REVERSE
EW techniques which include network-enabled ES/EA/EP tactics.” ENGINEERING
The BAA number is STROEB II BAA 09-01-PKS Amendment 19. The technical The Office of Naval Research (ONR)
point of contact at AFRL/RYWE is Gary Kaufman, (937) 528-8253, e-mail Gary. released a Broad Agency Announcement
Kaufman@wpafb.af.mil; the contracting point of contact is David Sheelbarger, (BAA 11-020) seeking industry research
(937) 255-4863, e-mail David.Sheelbarger@wpafb.af.mil – JED Staff proposals in the area of “Protection of
Electronics Systems.” White papers were
20
The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011

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 t h e m o n i t o r | n e w s

due May 31 and full proposals by Sep-
tember 28.
The overall goal is to “develop in-
novative techniques and technologies
to deter the reverse engineering and
exploitation of our military’s critical
technology in order to impede technol-
ogy transfer and alteration of system
capability and prevent the development
of countermeasures to US systems.” ONR
seeks proposals that will “result in ro-
bust, long-lived, layered technologies
capable of lengthy operation in unat-
tended and un-powered environments.
The proposed technologies shall have
a very high probability of tamper de-
tection, a very low probability of false
alarm, be undetectable in the host sys-
tem, and provide no indication when a
tamper event has been detected.”
Each proposal is to focus on one of
the following four research areas:
• New Approaches to Memory Erasure
– Technologies for completely and ir-
reversibly erasing data stored in non-
volatile memory without producing
damage beyond the active portion of
the memory device.
22
• Performance Enhancements of High-
Density 3D Packages – Technologies
for improving the performance of
such electronics packaging, includ-
ing enhanced cooling, minimized
electromagnetic interference be-
tween internal components and
minimized external electromagnetic
emissions.
• Packaging for Secure Processing –
Technologies for high-density 3D
electronics packaging that can inte-
grate into a single package the mul-
tiple commercial-off-the-shelf and
custom devices necessary for a com-
plete secure processing. The combina-
tion of the high-density packaging
and anti-tamper measures shall pro-
tect against open-source reverse en-
gineering techniques.
• Reliable Physical Unclonable Func-
tions – Techniques for implementing
reliable intrinsic PUFs in field-pro-
grammable gate arrays and then using
the PUFs to provide FPGA authentica-
tion and generate volatile keys for
Advanced Encryption Standards (AES)
encryption/decryption.
ONR anticipates a budget of up to
$3 million per year and plans to award
multiple one-to-three-year technol-
ogy development contracts valued at
$500,000 to $1 million each. The esti-
mated start date for the projects is April
2012. The technical point of contact at
ONR is Betsy DeLong, e-mail betsy.de-
long@navy.mil; the contracting point
of contact is Rebecca Foster, e-mail
rebecca.d.foster@navy.mil – JED Staff
IN BRIEF
Sierra Nevada Corp. (Sparks, NV)
was awarded a $38.6 million contract
modification from US Naval Sea Sys-
tems Command to procure an additional
360 Dismounted Joint Counter Radio-
Controlled Improvised Explosive Device
Electronic Warfare (JCREW) 3.1 jammers.
✪ ✪ ✪
SRCTec, Inc. (Syracuse, NY) was
awarded a $78 million US Army contract
modification to increase its ordering
ceiling for Duke V3 CREW jammers to
$278 million. Estimated completion date
is Aug. 24, 2014.

A Clean Sweep
The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011

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 t h e m o n i t o r | n e w s

BAA funding available is $29.4 million IN) to provide traveling-wave-tube

✪ ✪ ✪
The US Air Force Research Lab-
Rome (NY) Research Site released
a pre-solicitation notice for a Broad
Agency Announcement in the area of
“Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) Collec-
tion, Processing and Exploitation.”
The goal is automation of those capa-
bilities. White papers are sought; those
found to be consistent with the intent
of the BAA may be invited to submit
a technical and a cost proposal. Total
King Air 350ER ISR
Proven Mission Persistence
over the period FY2011-FY2014. The
Solicitation Number is BAA-RIK-11-04.
The contracting point of contact is
Lynn G. White, (315) 330-4996, e-mail
Lynn.White@rl.af.mil.
✪ ✪ ✪
Communications and Power Indus-
tries (Palo Alto, CA) was awarded a $7.9
million five-year indefinite delivery-
indefinite quantity contract from the
Naval Surface Warfare Center (Crane,
high-power amplifiers for the ship-
launched Nulka active anti-ship mis-
sile RF decoy rocket in use with the US,
Australian and Canadian navies and
produced by Lockheed Martin and BAE
Systems-Australia.
✪ ✪ ✪
Envisioneering, Inc. (Alexandria,
VA) won a $3.2 million US Naval Re-
search Lab (Washington, DC) contract
for “R&D Support for Offboard Electronic
Warfare” encompassing anti-ship cruise
missile countermeasures technology
projects. Total contract value with op-
tions is $13.3 million.
✪ ✪ ✪
BAE Systems (Nashua, NH) was
awarded a five-year $71.4 million US
Army sole-source indefinite delivery-
indefinite quantity contract for AAR-
57 Common Missile Warning System
(CMWS) A-Kits (wiring provisions and
mounts) for Army fixed-wing aircraft.

✪ ✪ ✪
24 ITT Electronics (Clifton, NJ) was
awarded a sole-source contract from US
Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR)
The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011

for Full-Rate Production Lots 9-13 of the

Integrated Defensive Electronic Coun-
termeasures (IDECM) ALQ-214 (V)4 Ra-
dio Frequency Countermeasures (RFCM)
system. The contract consists of a base
year with four options totaling an an-
ticipated 235 systems.
Unparalleled Mission Reliability
✪ ✪ ✪
There is only one aircraft designed specifically to meet the needs of our
unpredictable and demanding world – the Beechcraft King Air 350ER ISR. Alliant Techsystems Inc. (Clear-
This cost-effective solution combines 98% operational readiness, a track water, FL) was awarded a sole-source
record of flying more than 300 flight hours per month and extensive contract from NAVAIR for AAR-47 Mis-
adaptability options with the most successful turbine-powered aircraft sile Warning System components,
in history. From training, transportation of heads of state and ISR, to retrofits and repairs to meet FY2012-
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517239_hawker.indd 1 3/24/11 11:17:05 AM

 washing t on
repor t
HASC MAKES NO CUTS IN FY12 DEFENSE
AUTHORIZATION BILL MARKUP
The House Armed Services Committee (HASC) completed its
markup of the Fiscal Year 2012 Defense Authorization Bill on
May 12. In a rare occurrence, particularly in a congressional
climate favoring drastic cuts in federal government spending,
the HASC essentially rubber-stamped the Obama Administra-
tion’s FY2012 defense budget request. The Committee’s chair-
man, Buck McKeon (R-CA), held the line against any hasty
cuts to military spending. The panel’s funding authorizations
matched the DOD’s budget line requests – dollar for dollar –
except in a mere handful of cases. In fact, the HASC report
recommended fully funding every electronic warfare (EW) and
signals intelligence (SIGINT) procurement or research and de-
velopment spending request from the military services or DOD
agencies for FY2012, with one exception, and in that case the
program had been delayed by contract award protests.
The Senate Armed Services Committee’s markup of the bill
is slated to occur this month and is almost certain to produce
greater spending cut recommendations than the House ver-
sion. The differences between the two bills will have to be
26 resolved by a House-Senate conference committee and then ap-
proved by both the full House and Senate before being signed
into law by President Obama.
The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011
The FY2012 Defense Appropriations Bill, to be marked up by
the House and Senate Appropriations Committees in the upcom-
ing weeks, will approve the actual dollars allocated to each DOD
funding line request. The House Appropriations Committee an-
nounced on May 11 that it tentatively planned to shave $8.9
billion from the DOD’s $553 billion FY2012 base budget request.
(The authorization bills produced by the Armed Services com-
mittees only make funding recommendations to their Ap-
propriations brethren; the main purposes today of the
authorization bills tend to be providing congressional
defense guidance and directing the DOD to make chang-
es in its policies or to submit reports on specific areas.)
DOD EW and SIGINT-related FY2012 base budget
funding line requests fully approved by the HASC in-
cluded the following:
Army Procurement:
• $27.6 million for RC-12X Guardrail SIGINT aircraft
refurbishment and upgrades (the final seven of 14
planned RC-12Xs).
• $72 million for 23 additional Prophet Ground SIGINT Vehicles.
• $162.8 million for Common Missile Warning Systems (CMWS).
• $36 million for Aircraft Survivability Equipment.
• $24.1 million for Counter Radio-Controlled IED EW (CREW)
jammers.
• $220.6 million for Joint IED Defeat Organization Staff and
Infrastructure; $2.6 billion is requested for JIEDDO (Attack
the Network, Defeat the Device and Train the Force) under
separate FY2012 war funding.
Due to program delays resulting from an Army decision
to reevaluate industry bids following protests of a contract
award to Boeing, the HASC authorized only $121.7 million of
the service’s $539.6 million FY2012 procurement request for
its Enhanced Medium-Altitude Reconnaissance and Surveil-
lance System (EMARSS), a new SIGINT aircraft to be based on
the Hawker Beechcraft King Air 350ER twin-engine turboprop.
The $539.67 million request would have procured aircraft four
through 21, with deliveries beginning in November 2013.
Navy Procurement:
• $1.1 billion for another 12 new EA-18G Growler support jam-
ming aircraft to replace EA-6B Prowlers; the Navy will pro-
cure the final 12 of 114 Growlers in FY2013.
• $83.2 million for EP-3E SIGINT aircraft modifications.
• $92.1 million for Common Electronic Countermeasures
Equipment.
• $34.1 for Airborne Electronic Attack (AEA) systems.
• $73.1 for High-Speed Anti-Radiation Missile (HARM)
modifications.
• $43.1 million for SLQ-32 shipboard EW improvements.
• $103.7 million for Shipboard Information Warfare
Exploitation.
Air Force Procurement:
• $256.6 million for EC-130H Compass Call communications-
jamming aircraft modifications.
• $162.2 million for RC-135 Rivet Joint SIGINT aircraft
modifications.
• $25.6 million for HARM modifications.
The HASC report affirmed that the Secretary of Defense
has the authority to conduct military activities in cyberspace,
including clandestine activities in support of military opera-
tions, outside the US or to defend against a cyber attack on an
asset of the Department of Defense. – G. Goodman a
 world
repor t
INDIA ADVANCES FIGHTER JET COMPETITION, PLANS MIRAGE UPGRADE
In late April, India selected Europe’s
Eurofighter and Dassault’s Rafale as the
finalists for its new Medium Multi-Role
Combat Aircraft (MMRCA) competition.
Despite heavy lobbying by politi-
cal heavyweights, the move effectively
eliminated the United States, in the run-
ning with Lockheed Martin’s F-16 and
Boeing’s F/A-18 Super Hornet; Russia,
with Rosoboronexport’s MiG-35; and Swe-
den, with Saab’s next-generation Gripen.
The estimated $11 billion to build 126
new fighter aircraft for India will end up
somewhere in Europe, either with France,
home of the Rafale, or with the four na-
tions that make up the Eurofighter con-
sortium – Germany, Spain, Britain (BAE
Systems) and Italy (Finmeccanica).
India is buying the new fighters to
28 replace its aging fleet of Russian MiG-
21s, many of which date back to the
1960s. A key component of the competi-
The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011
Thales (as the weapons integrator) and
MBDA (as the missile supplier), for an
affordable price.
And while $2.4 billion might not
seem affordable, the argument from the
Indian Air Force has been that it needs
a combination of new purchases and
retrofits to maintain its diminishing
edge over its Pakistani neighbors. The
assumption is that the Mirage 2000s,
which are already 20 years old, should,
with upgraded radars, avionics, glass
cockpits, targeting systems and elec-
tronic warfare (EW) suites, offer the
country high-level fighter capabilities
for two more decades.
Though the agreement isn’t signed,
published reports from the region in-
dicate that it has tacit government ap-
proval and that a deal over the price
might have been a tipping point in
favor of Dassault in the MMRCA com-
in India by Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd
(HAL) with technology transfer from
the French companies.
The country is currently completing
some additional business, including a
planned induction of 272 Sukhoi-30MKIs
bought from Russia for around $12 bil-
lion, along with Russia’s ongoing upgrade
of 63 MiG-29s, under a 2008 contract for
$964 million. And though reports indi-
cated that the first modernized MiG-29s
could be delivered this year, there have
apparently been issues with parts as the
country issued global market solicita-
tions for spares in late April.
But India’s fighter jet defense spend-
ing spree won’t end there, as reports
also indicated that the country is plan-
ning, from 2020 forward, to buy a new
fifth-generation stealth fighter, which
it is currently co-developing with Rus-
sia. The planned 250-300 aircraft would

tion has been India’s significant offset
requirements, which stipulate that 50
percent of the full value be reinvested
into Indian industry, realized through
the contract, which calls for purchase of
18 completed combat aircraft by 2012,
with the remaining 108 to be construct-
ed in country.
And, now that it has its finalists,
India might be looking to advance the
schedule. According to published re-
ports, Pakistan is attempting to expe-
dite delivery of its new JF-17 Thunder
aircraft, the multirole fighter co-devel-
oped with China. In response, India may
attempt to advance its timeline for se-
lection to occur by March 2012.
Perhaps as a result of growing threats
from China and Pakistan, India has been
in a defense acquisition mode of late,
also getting ready to ink a long-delayed
deal with Dassault to upgrade its 52 Mi-
rage 2000 aircraft. The contract, said to
be worth $2.4 billion, has sat for around
three years as India worked to come to
terms with Dassault and its partners,
petition. The contract would upgrade encompass the country’s largest ever de-
the first four to six aircraft in France, fense project, with a price tag of nearly
with the remainder to be retrofitted $35 billion. – E. Richardson
IN BRIEF
❍ BAE Systems (Warton, Lancashire, UK) was awarded contracts totaling £39 mil-
lion by the UK’s Ministry of Defence (MOD) to provide support services for main-
tenance of the Eurofighter Typhoon. The contracts also covers development
work to enhance the Royal Air Force’s capability to process intelligence data
about operational threats and then upload them to the Typhoon’s EW systems
prior to a mission.
❍ Saab Avitronics received an order for its Civil Aircraft Missile Protection System
(CAMPS) from Mexican charter airline FlyMex, which flies for the United Nations
World Food Program in several countries, as well as operating helicopter, amphibi-
ous and jet air taxi operations over Mexico. The contract adds CAMPS, which
detects man-portable air defense system (MANPADS) threats with a missile
approach warning system and dispenses Chemring infrared decoys, to a third
type of aircraft, the Dornier 328JET. It is already operational on Lockheed L-382
and Embraer 120 aircraft.
❍ Malaysia has requested, via US Foreign Military Sales channels, a Mid-Life
Upgrade to its Boeing F/A-18D Hornet aircraft, including six AN/ASQ-228
Raytheon Advanced Targeting Forward-Looking Infrared (ATFLIR) pods, software
development, system integration and testing, test sets and training in a contract
estimated at $72 million. a
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30
Elecctron Defense | June 2011
The Journal of Electronic
As the world gets more dangerous, the international
demand of SIGINT capabilities continues to expand
When considering the state of current
airborne signals intelligence (SIGINT),
as good a starting point as any is con-
text. When this writer was a bright-eyed
neophyte in the late 1970s, airborne
SIGINT was probably the blackest of the
black arts. The inextricable link be-
tween SIGINT and the Cold War and its
place in national intelligence gathering
meant that it was not a subject for open
discussion other than in the context of
tabloid-style “spy plane” stories. Again,
the target set was essentially formalized
(with air defense networks being high
on the list) and the levels of classifica-
tion were such as to preclude wide dis-
semination. That this was beginning to
be seen as a major stumbling block had
been demonstrated by the conflict in
Southeast Asia, where vital information
had been withheld from the war fighters
because of compartmentalization and
who was and who was not in the loop.
Just as important was
the level of available
technology, with a typi-
cal high-end SIGINT
platform taking the
form of a bespoke,
hardwired sys-
tem that was
pr imar ily
a nalog,
maintenance heavy and frequently
manual in operation. Again, the hard-
ware was big and heavy, while the tar-
get set was largely made-up of fixed
frequency emitters that, in the radar
context, relied on mechanical scanning.
Techniques such as frequency agility,
digitization and electronic scanning
(both passive and active) were at best
in their early stages of development and
perhaps more importantly, the military
targets being looked at were essentially
conventional in terms of structure and
implementation. Looking specifically
at communications, conventional radio
links predominated with satellite com-
munications and (particularly) cellular
telephone technology either just begin-
ning to appear or still being but a gleam
in a designer’s eye.
Come up to date, and the SIGINT
world has been turned upside down. On
the operational side, the Cold War veri-
ties have been swept away to be replaced
by both conventional and asymmetric
threats, with the latter making use of
non-conventional communications and
command and control tools such as cell
and satellite phones. Perhaps more im-
portantly, the threat has in part moved
off the bat-
tlefield and into towns and cities where
a new generation of well educated and
equipped activists are prepared to die
for a cause and to use mass killing as
a means to an end. In the fight against
homeland terrorism, communications
intercept has become both a vital tool
and one that sometimes sits uncomfort-
ably alongside the traditional civil lib-
erties that the western world cherishes.
On the technology front, advances in
digitization, miniaturization, reliability
(solid-state and the like) and processing
have all come together to create much
more flexible SIGINT architectures that
facilitate plug and play, virtually on the
fly updating and which increasingly fea-
ture data hand-off capabilities in real-
or close to real-time. Real-time data
hand-off (combined with a more open
approach to who sees what) is probably
the real game changer and one that is
absolutely vital in meeting today’s bat-
tlefield and homeland security needs.
Elsewhere in the described mix, current
satellite link and processing technology
together with miniaturization and im-
proved reliability have opened the door
to unmanned aircraft system (UAS) SI-
GINT platforms
 By Martin Streetly

The
Th
h Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011
that apart from anything else, make cessing), their responsiveness and op- combined with other sensors, such as
possible persistent surveillance that is erational flexibility and, put simply, the electro-optical (EO) imagers, to create
moving towards operations measured in prestige associated with being able to architectures that are capable of cross-
weeks or even months. afford and operate such aircraft. Afford- cueing and/or undertaking a range of
ability is another key driver, with more missions previously carried out by mul-
FUTURE AIRBORNE SIGINT TRENDS and more countries wanting an airborne tiple platforms with discrete roles.
If the foregoing is the context in SIGINT capability and even big defense This ability to multi-task can also be
which airborne SIGINT functions, spenders like the US having to address seen in the UAS world, where fixed-wing,
what of its future? Rightly or wrongly, an increasingly hostile budgetary envi- rotary and lighter-than-air systems are
this writer believes that in the short ronment. In a world where the defense emerging that are capable of carrying
to medium term, the sort of high-end budget trend is universally down, this surveillance radars, SIGINT receivers and
manned SIGINT platforms such as “Rivet writer sees a significant market for SI- EO sensors, with the payloads being op-
Joint” will continue to figure large due GINT systems that are an adjunct to erated via datalink and/or satellite and
to their capabilities (particularly their another mission, that can be rolled on making use of ground-based data pro-
ability to undertake onboard data pro- and off a non-dedicated platform or are cessing. While such an approach works, 31
its downside is the bandwidth needed
to down-link acquired data and up-link
commands. Here, one solution (which
INTERNATIONAL SIGINT AIRCRAFT also addresses persistence) may be high-
In addition to programs in the US and UK, airborne SIGINT capabilities altitude, optionally manned airships
are known to be operated by the following countries: (such as the USAF’s proposed “Blue Devil”
Australia: putative C-130 and Orion COMINT platforms Block II) that are large enough to house
Brazil: R-35AM program both the necessary sensors and a process-
Chile: 2 × Petrel Beta (status uncertain)
Ch ing suite capable of reducing their data
China:
Chh an unknown number of Y-8- and Tu-154-based platforms output to more manageable levels.
Egypt:
Egg 2 × Beech 1900C-1 and 2 × EC-130 Multi-tasking is also likely to pro-
Finland:
Fii 1 × Fokker F27 (being replaced by a modified C-295M) mote roll-on/roll-off capabilities where
France:
Frr 2 × C.160G Gabriel a standard air vehicle (say, a transport
India:
In
n 1 × Boeing 707 (to be replaced) such as the C-130) can be converted to
Iran:
Ir
r possibly 1 × IBEX C-130 become a SIGINT platform when required
Israel:
Is
s 3 × Gulfstream GV Shavit and 7 × RC-12D/K before reverting back to its original role.
Italy:
It
t 1 × G222VS An example of such an approach is the
Japan:
Jaa 5 × EP-3 and 4 × YS-11EB US Air National Guard’s C-130 “Senior
South
Soo Korea: 4 × Hawker 800SIG (to be replaced) Scout” platform that takes a minimally
Poland: 2 × Procjon W-3 helicopters
P modified Hercules transport aircraft
Russia: an unknown number of Il-20Ms
R and equips it with an operator’s shelter
SSaudi
a Arabia: 2 × RE-3A/B in the cargo hold and antenna packages
Singapore:
Sii 1 × C-130 and (possibly) 1 × Fokker 50 that are attached to its main undercar-
Spain:
Spp 1 × Boeing 707 riage doors, paratroop doors, wingtips
Sweden:
Sww 2 × S 102 B Korpen and tailcone, with the whole change out
Taiwan:
Taa 1 ×C-130HE being executable within a minimum of
Thailand:
Thh 2 × Arava 201s (status uncertain). 12 hours. Lockheed Martin (the “Senior
Scout’s” original contractor) has gone
 on to capitalize on both this concept
and modern open plug-and-play archi-
tectures to create its Dragon family of
platform agnostic intelligence, surveil-
lance and reconnaissance (ISR) solu-
tions. Ranging in size from UAS pods
to roll-on/roll-off systems for aircraft
such as the C-130 and C-295 transports,
Dragon sensor suites can include com-
munications intelligence and electronic
intelligence (COMINT/ELINT) systems,
radars, EO imagers (including wide area
surveillance equipments) and measure-
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ment and signature intelligence (MAS-
INT) sensors, with the number and types
of sensors being mixed and matched to
meet the specific requirement. Within
the specific SIGINT field, Finland’s on-
going SIGINT C-295M “ferret” project is
the first known Dragon series solution
to have been sold.
EUROPE’S AIRBORNE
SIGINT PROGRAMS
Staying in the Nordic region, Swe-
den’s Saab has also developed a roll-on/
Proven Microwave
Performance
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roll-off SIGINT solution under the des-
ignation AIRTRACER FLEX. Suitable for
aircraft such as the C-130, AIRTRACER
FLEX makes use of a so-called crew con-
tainer which is inserted into the host
aircraft’s cargo bay and which houses
six operators, each of whom sits at a
workstation that features three dis-
play screens. Overall, the architecture
provides integrated COMINT and ELINT,
Electronic Support Measures (ESM) and
self-protection capabilities, real-time
onboard analysis, emitter geo-location
and a dedicated antenna array. Else-
where, Saab offers the AIRTRACER as a
customized solution aboard a custom-
er’s choice of aircraft or as a complete
package mounted in its own Saab 2000
regional airliner airframe. In the lat-
ter application, ELINT and ESM/radar
threat warning are provided by Saab’s
0.7- to 40-GHz band HES-21 sub-system
that features digital receiver technol-
ogy and interferometric direction-find-
ing capabilities.
Staying in Europe, the French arm
of the Thales conglomerate has also ad-
dressed multiple platform use via an au-
tonomous podded ELINT system that can
be carried by a C-130 transport during
the course of its regular missions. Pack-
aged in an external fuel tank envelope,
the system covers the 0.5- to 18-GHz
band (expandable to 0.1 to 40 GHz) and
can identify, finger print and geolocate
emitters and record their parametric
data for post-mission analysis. As such,
the architecture features digital receiv-
ers and interferometric direction-find-
ing and requires no crew intervention
and minimal interfacing with its host.
“AFFORDABLE” SIGINT FOR
MID-SIZED AIRCRAFT
That affordability (a relative term
when applied to sensor systems in gen-
eral) can successfully be combined with
an effective operational multi-sensor
system as illustrated by the rise of the
MC-12W “Liberty” system. Born out of
US Defense Secretary Robert Gates’ frus-
tration with the lack of airborne ISR
capability in Southwest Asia, the King
Air-based MC-12W was brought in just
about on time (use of pre-used airframes
for the first seven aircraft required
standardization that took longer than
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 anticipated) and generally on budget.
As such, it combines SIGINT and EO sen-
sors (with the former cueing the latter)
with a robust data hand-off capability.
In more detail, the type’s EO facility is
vested in the MX-15i full motion video
(FMV) sensor while its SIGINT sub-sys-
tem is reported to incorporate “G-Box,”
“Wind Jammer” and “Pennant Race”
capabilities. Of these, the CACI Interna-
tional “Pennant Race” equipment is de-
scribed as being a “remotely controlled
audio SIGINT system,” with the collec-
tion system as a whole being illustrated
as making use of multiple blade anten-
nas, the majority of which are housed
in the aircraft’s ventral canoe fairing.
In terms of communications, “Liberty”
is equipped with multiple radios, the
“PacWind” audio/FMV datalink and a
Ku-band (12.5 to 18 GHz) satellite link,
with the whole being ROVER 4 ground
terminal compatible. Operationally, the
MC-12W’s onboard cryptological and sen-
sor operators (CO/SO), together with an
associated ISR Exploitation Cell (ISREC),
“find” targets, and the SO and the ISREC
team “fix” them, with directed ground
34
The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011
forces “finishing”
ish
hing”
them.
While
the MC-12W
122W
may be th the
he
most visiblee of its genre,
Israeli contractor Elta Systems has de-
veloped its EL/I-3120 ISR suite, which it
describes as being suitable for installa-
tion aboard a range of airframes (includ-
ing the King Air business aircraft) and
as being configurable for the SIGINT,
maritime patrol, search and rescue,
homeland security and environmental
protection roles. As applied to a medi-
um-sized aircraft, EL/I-3120 can accom-
modate surveillance radar, a 3-MHz to
3-GHz band COMINT system, a 30-MHz
to 3-GHz band direction-finder, an EO
sensor, a line-of-sight datalink and a
satellite communications sub-system,
multiple operator positions, data/imag-
ery recorders, high-resolution cameras
and an optimized navigation system.
Within a particular application, sensors/
capabilities can be mixed and matched
and JED believes that a system appli-
cation has been sold to the Colombian
Air Force for counter
narcotics operations in that country.
“HIGH END” SIGINT PROGRAMS
Despite their undoubted operational
success, platforms such as Liberty have
the Achilles Heel of only being suit-
able for use in benign environments.
Tackling high threat regions requires
a vastly different capability set, which
includes large, high-end, stand-off
systems such as the RC-135V/W Rivet
Joint. Vastly expensive (and currently
only operated by the US and procured
by the UK if one excludes Saudi Ara-
bia’s RE-3 clone), the COMINT/ELINT
capable Rivet Joint traces its lineage
back to the early 1970s and accord-
ing to the latest known evaluation, is
capable of meeting user operational
needs until circa 2040. Maintaining
operational viability is achieved via
regular Baseline updates, and as of

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 February 2011, the USAF capability was
to be based on Baselines 8, 9 and 10
through to US Fiscal Year (FY) 2015,
with Baseline 11 starting to come on
stream during FY2014. In more detail,
Baseline 8 was to be sustained and re-
main in service until mid-FY2012, with
fielding of Baseline 9 to be completed
during FY2011. Design and develop-
ment of the Baseline 10 configuration
was scheduled to have been completed
by mid FY2010, with delivery taking
place between the spring of FY2012 and
late FY2013/early FY2014 (with the last
aircraft to be so upgraded being identi-
fied as 62-4131). Development of Base-
line 11 is understood to have begun
during FY2010, with re-delivery of the
first aircraft in this configuration (64-
14848) scheduled for mid-FY2014.
Although heavily classified, it is
possible to get a sense of how the capa-
bility is evolving, with non-classified
USAF documentation characterizing
Baseline 8 as providing enhanced SIGINT
data accuracy (including improved de-
tection sensitivity), faster and more
automated data dissemination, a more
36
The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011

531265_Mercury.indd 1 5/6/11 2:17:56 AM

 For its part, the Baseline 9 upgrade
is reported to feature a further process-
ing upgrade, a new liquid cooling sys-
tem and improved emergency egress,
while Baseline 10 is billed as incorporat-
ing a more robust COMINT sub-system,
the CORVUS precision ELINT upgrade, a
theater networked geo-location capa-
bility, a service-oriented architecture
(defined as a packaged suite of interop-
erable services that can be used with
multiple discrete systems from mul-
tiple business domains), provision for
mid-baseline Wideband Global Satellite
(WGS) communications and cockpit en-
hancements. Last, but not least, the
proposed Baseline 11 configuration has
been postulated as including precision,
multi-angle COMINT direction-find-
ing, an expanded ELINT data record-
ing facility, Phase 3 weight reduction
measures, further cockpit/navigation
system upgrades and continued obso-
lescence management.
Currently, the USAF operates a fleet
of eight RC-135V and nine RC-135W air-

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011

37
user friendly operator environment and
improved system reliability. Housing a
mission crew made up of three ELINT
operators, four in-flight maintainers
and 14 COMINT operators, Baseline
8 builds on the preceding Baseline 7
configuration which introduced T-slot
racking, a Global Air Traffic Manage-
ment/Global Air Navigation Systems
(GATM/GANS) compatible cockpit, #ONNECT425
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 craft, with the UK’s Royal Air Force
procuring three RC-135Ws with which
to replace its existing Nimrod R Mk 1
platforms. Here, deliveries to the UK
are scheduled to begin during 2014,
with RAF aircrew and operators being
integrated into USAF Rivet Joint crews
in the interim. As might be expected,
Rivet Joint’s latest operational outing
has been in support of Operation Odys-
sey Dawn/Unified Protector, with one
aircraft being said to have operated
from the UK together with another two
38
compact package
The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011
Couplers, and Detectors, into a highly compact
package. These units can be configured to your
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ENDURANCE SIGINT FOR
HIGH-THREAT ENVIRONMENTS
High threat environments can also
be seen as a driver in the last of our
identified trends, UASs. To those with
knowledge of the technology, it will
come as no surprise to discover that the
US and Israel are at the forefront of ap-
plying SIGINT collection capabilities for
use on unmanned aerial vehicles. Israeli
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contractors Elta Systems, Elisra Elec-
tronic Systems and Rafael Advanced De-
fense Systems have all produced COMINT
and/or ELINT packages for UAS applica-
tions, with Elisra’s AES-210/V and SKY-
FIX, Elta’s EL/K-7071 and EL/L-8385 and
Rafael’s TOP-SCAN equipments serving
as illustrations of Israel’s endeavors in
the field. In order, the AES-210/V (also
known as Emerald) is an ELINT/ESM sys-
tem that covers the 1- to 18-GHz band
and makes use of differential Doppler
and interferometric direction-finding
techniques, while the 30- to 1,200-MHz
band (extendable to 3,000 MHz) SKYFIX
equipment can be configured as SKYFIX
COMINT (capable of intercepting and re-
cording traffic-of-interest), SKYFIX DF
(as SKYFIX COMINT with the addition of
direction-of-arrival direction-finding),
SKYFIX Cellular (as its designation sug-
gest, optimized for cellular phone inter-
ception) and SKYFIX Satellite (targeted
at satellite phone transmitting voice,
data and SMS messages).
For its part, Elta’s EL/K-7071 is a CO-
MINT/direction-finding package that is
capable of interception, monitoring and
analysis/classification of received signals
(including parameter agile types). The
company’s EL/L-8385 is a complemen-
tary ELINT/ESM system that combines
onboard and ground-based processing
to classify and geolocate detected radar
"AYLIS2OAD-ELVILLE.9s4EL 

&AX 
sWWWCOMTECHPSTCOM
emitters. Last but not least, Rafael’s TOP-
SCAN ELINT/ESM system covers the 0.5-
to 18-GHz band and provides automatic

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 emitter detection, signal collection, pa-
rameter measurement, identification and
localization. In terms of usage, Elisra re-
ports sales of numerous COMINT/ELINT
systems into the UAS marketplace (but
declines to be specific about customers)
while Rafael’s TOP-SCAN system is known
to have been at least flight tested aboard
the Searcher UAS. For its part, the anten-
na array associated with the EL/K-7071
system has been photographed installed
aboard Heron UASs operated by Canada
and the Indian Navy.
40
The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011
523384_Dow.indd 1
Within the USAF domain (and to an
extent that of the US Army), the current
big beast is Northrop Grumman’s scal-
able Airborne Signals Intelligence Pay-
load (ASIP) architecture, applications of
which have been developed for the RC-
12X Guardrail SIGINT aircraft, the U-2S
high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft
and the MQ-1 Predator (ASIP-1C), MQ-9
Reaper (ASIP-2C) and the RQ-4 Block 30
Global Hawk UASs. Overall, ASIP is soft-
ware upgradable, makes maximum use of
COTS components, has a cross-cueing ca-
5/14/11 5:07:07 PM
pability, is capable of operating in dense
environments and employs algorithms
that are optimized for evolving signal
exploitation scenarios. Of the cited con-
figurations, ASIP-1C is described as being
a basic COMINT equipment with limited
special signal collection and direction-
finding capabilities. ASIP-2C is reported
as adding a full direction-finding capa-
bility, simultaneous functionality and
special signals growth to the ASIP-1C ar-
chitecture. For its part, the Global Hawk
application is a six-chassis architecture
that provides both COMINT and ELINT
direction-finding, emitter geo-location
and telecommunications/”special sig-
nals” intercept capabilities. Elsewhere,
an ASIP application also appears to fig-
ure as one of up to four payloads that
Northrop Grumman’s optionally manned
Firebird ISR platform is capable of carry-
ing and operating simultaneously.
While ASIP is significant, it is (of
course) not the only game in town, with
the US Navy opting for Sierra Nevada’s
Merlin-MC ESM with which to equip its
MQ-4C Broad Area Maritime Surveillance
(BAMS) UAS, while the US Army delib-
erates about what SIGINT provision to
put on its latest generation UASs and
EMARSS fixed-wing reconnaissance
platforms. Equally, the US and Israel are
not the only manufacturers in the field,
with Germany’s Cassidian Electronics
having developed its 30-kHz to 30-GHz
band, COMINT/ELINT capable Integrated
SIGINT System (ISIS) for use aboard Ger-
many’s RQ-4E Euro Hawks® and countries
as diverse as Pakistan (the charmingly
named ECOM WisperWatch) and South
Africa (Saab’s Emitter Location System –
ELS) producing SIGINT fits for UASs.
MEETING EMERGING NEEDS
Over the coming decades, airborne SI-
GINT technology will continue to evolve
and proliferate, as more users acquire
SIGINT aircraft and SIGINT systems
themselves are adapted to a growing va-
riety of aircraft, from large commercial
airframes to small UASs and just about
anything in between. Even as the signal
environment continues to rapidly grow
in terms of density and complexity, air-
borne SIGINT systems developers are
finding ways to keep pace with effec-
tive, yet affordable solutions. a
With airframes tolerating longer life cycles, system updates
to existing platforms are critical to maintain operational
capabilities – and government bottom lines
By Gábor László Zord
When supersonic fighters first appeared
in the 1950s, their individual life barely
spanned three to 10 years. As technology
matured and more successful fighter de-
signs came off the drawing board, these
platforms stayed in service longer and
longer. The different factors making this
possible included the increase in flight
performance, better airframe and engine
longevity and reliability, as well as a
marked improvement in flight safety.
Flight performance (around Mach
2 maximum, and high subsonic cruise
speed, for example) had already reached
technological and human barriers in the
1950s and ’60s, and this has proven to
be enduring. The aircraft designs that
reached these limits still fulfill most
mission requirements in this respect.
Let’s take the F-4 Phantom as an ex-
ample, which flew for the first time in
1958. Its range and payload, the two
most important factors in determining
a fighter’s tactical utility performance-
wise, are adequate up to this day, as are
its speed, acceleration, service ceiling
and climb rate. It is not just the lack of
funding for replacement that still keeps
this emblematic type in service in Ger-
many, Greece, Turkey, South Korea, Ja-
pan and also Iran.
significantly. While some fighters man-
ufactured in the 1950s had to be with-
drawn after a few hundred airframe
hours and their engines barely survived
a few dozen hours, many of those made
since the 1970s have demonstrated oper-
ational lifespans measured in thousands
of hours, both for the airframe and the
engine. Component reliability achieved
a similar improvement, although at the
increasingly complex systems level (ra-
dar, communications, IFF and EW, for
example), this degree of reliability did
not materialize until some time later.
Ultimately, however, it has been the
improvement in flight safety through
the succeeding generations of fighter
aircraft that has made their prolonged
service possible. A significant factor for
any air force is the attrition rate during
peacetime training operations. In other
words, what level of attrition is accept-
able to train and maintain an adequate
number of combat ready aircrews for
a given fleet of aircraft? At the begin-
ning of the supersonic flight era, sev-
eral dozens of airframes and their pilots
were lost in training incidents for every
hundred-thousand flight hours, which is
the standard means of measuring flight
safety. With the emergence of fly-by-wire
(FBW) controls and improved man-ma-
chine interface and ergonomic solutions,
the highest risk factors, namely airman-
ship and other human causes, were in-
creasingly pushed aside and flight safety
improved accordingly. For example, the
most numerous fourth-generation fight-
er type, the single-engine F-16, has a loss
rate of around 1.4 aircraft per hundred-
thousand hours in USAF service today.
With attrition so low, it is easy to cal-
culate that the designed lifespan of the
aircraft would be reached much sooner
than attrition would prohibitively decay
the force structure.

LONGER LIFE, MORE CHALLENGES

Thanks to new materials and de-
sign solutions, airframe and engine
component durability have increased
 All said, it can be seen that fourth-
generation, and even some third-
generation fighter types have the
performance, durability, reliability
and flight safety parameters that made
them realistic candidates for prolonged
operational service. To maintain, or
even increase, combat effectiveness –
“military utility” so to speak – during
this extended service that may span 30
to 40 years, such a platform is worth
upgrading with up-to-date mission sys-
tems. Besides, upgrades have several
advantages compared to the procure-
ment of a whole new aircraft, including
financial and political benefits, which
at the end of the day are decisive fac-
tors, as defense budgets remain con-
strained worldwide.
From a different approach, fighter
upgrades are also necessary because of
the changing operational environment.
Precision-guided munitions capabilities
were first required to lower the numbers
of sorties needed to destroy a target,
therefore lowering the risk of losing the
strike aircraft. Later, avoiding collateral
damage became another factor in their
development. Likewise, new sensors, as
well as faster and more secure networked
communications, became necessary to
prosecute time-sensitive targets.
Electronic warfare, which in es-
sence improves the fighter’s surviv-
ability and its ability to put more
targets at risk, now has to meet the
unrealistic political demand for “zero
losses.” This trend became widely ap-
parent in the wake of the 1991 Gulf
War, and it has gained momentum
right through to today’s irregular war-
fare operations, when even a single al-
lied warplane being downed can give
the enemy a tremendous psychological
boost. Of course, the threat improves
as well, with modernized and new air
defense systems and unorthodox tac-
tics and employment methods.
There are two additional factors that
also drive EW upgrades. Parts obsoles-
cence, is one factor, and it can lead to
difficulties in sustaining EW equipment,
Also, in the case of EW systems, increas-
ingly congested electromagnetic envi-
ronments can degrade the performance
of older EW equipment, as well as radars
and communications systems.
Having reviewed the factors driving
fighter EW upgrades, it’s useful to look
at the main legacy fighter programs
across the world and how they are ad-
dressing EW upgrades.
F-4 PHANTOM
The remaining Phantoms of the world
testify to the cost-effectiveness of up-
grade programs, as virtually all have un-
dergone several iterations though their
35 to 40 years of service. The F-4F air-
craft of the Luftwaffe continue to guard
Germany’s airspace, as well as deploying
to the Baltic states in their Improved
Combat Efficiency (ICE) configuration,
which includes the F/A-18’s APG-65 radar
and AIM-120 Advanced Medium-Range
Air-to-Air Missile (AMRAAM) capability,
as well as ALR-68 radar warning receiver
(RWR).
Cassidian has upgraded 38 Greek F-4E
aircraft along similar lines, under the
Peace Icarus 2000 program, although
they continue to operate as multi-role
platforms. The Peace Icarus 2000 pro-
gram added Rafael’s Litening II target-
ing pod and BGT’s IRIS-T (AIM-2000)
dogfight missile. Although its relation-
ship with Israel soured recently, Turkey
continues to operate its fleet of F-4Es,
which have been upgraded to the Termi-
nator 2020 standard with the addition
of Elta’s EL/M-2032 radar and EL/L-8222
jammer pod, as well as portions of the
ALQ-178 SPEWS from Turkish contractor
MiKES. The aircraft have also received
Litening II targeting pods and AGM-142
Popeye stand-off munitions. Japan still
flies the upgraded F-4EJ Kai version,
which received the APG-66 radar of the
F-16A, as well as the capability to launch
ASM-1 or ASM-2 anti-ship missiles.
F-15 EAGLE
With F-22 production capped at 187
aircraft, the US Air Force will need to
rely on a fleet of “Golden Eagles” – up-
graded F-15C and D aircraft – to maintain
air superiority, as well as F-15E aircraft
for long-range air-to-ground missions.
The most important upgrade of the type
is the installation of AESA radars in the
form of AN/APG-63(V)2 and 3, which will
enable these aircraft to detect and tar-
get emerging air threats, such as cruise
missiles and advanced fighters.
The fighters’ Tactical EW Suite
(TEWS), comprising the ALR-56C RWR,
the ALQ-135 jammer and the ALR-45
countermeasures dispenser, has not
changed substantially for many years,
although export customers of new as well
as legacy F-15s have started asking for
and receiving upgraded solutions. South
Korea’s F-15s include ALQ-135M jammers
with advanced microwave power mod- 43
ules and improved ALR-56C RWRs.
The Saudi order for 84 F-15SA aircraft
includes BAE Systems Digital EW System
(DEWS), which is expected to have digi-
tal radar warning, as well as DRFM jam-
mers, using technology from the F-35’s
ASQ-239 Barracuda EW system. Israel
continues to upgrade its original fleet of
F-15A/B/C/D aircraft with technologies
from the F-15I Raam. As with its F-16s,
Singapore turned to Israel to equip its
new F-15SG aircraft.
F-16 VIPER
Designed at the beginning of the
1970s, Lockheed Martin’s F-16 is cur-
rently the most popular supersonic
fighter in the world (close to 4,500 have
been delivered, of which just over 3,000
were still active at the beginning of
May). Based on these numbers, it repre-
sents a significant portion of the fighter
upgrade market.
Production of advanced F-16 ver-
sions, such as the Block 52 plus, are still
ongoing, but at the same time there are
airframes in service that are more than
three decades old. With the delays of its
 intended replacement, the F-35, it is fair
to assess that the operators of even the
oldest examples – including Belgium,
the Netherlands, Denmark, Norway and
Portugal, known as the European Partic-
ipating Air Forces (EPAF) – will need to
keep flying theirs for another 10 years.
The most important and extensive
upgrade programs for the type is the
Mid-Life Update (MLU) destined mainly
for the EPAF Block 10/15 aircraft and
the Common Configuration Implementa-
tion Program (CCIP) for the US Air Force
44
The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011
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526537_URS.indd 1
Block 40/42 and 50/52 aircraft. Both
programs are based on a Modular Mis-
sion Computer (MMC) architecture, and
result in a virtually common, rolling
update procedure, the current status of
which is designated M5.
The MLU has provided autonomous
precision-guided munitions capabil-
ity to EPAF, through the addition of
electro-optical targeting pods, of which
the Royal Danish Air Force (RDAF) uses
LANTIRN ER. The Royal Norwegian Air
Force (RNoAF) and the Belgian Air Com-
4/15/11 8:09:41 AM
ponent (BAC) use Pantera, while the
Royal Netherlands Air Force (RNLAF)
and the Portuguese Air Force (PoAF) use
Litening. Most of these pods are fitted
with Remote Optical Video Enhanced
Receiver (ROVER) cards capable of ex-
changing images with Joint Terminal
Attack Controllers (JTAC) on the ground
equipped with a compatible terminal.
Beyond laser guided bombs, the use of
Joint Direct Attack Munitions (JDAMs)
became possible. MLU also introduced
Link 16 datalink capability and a Joint
Helmet Mounted Cueing System (JHMCS)
supporting advanced, High Off Bore-
Sight (HOBS) short-range air-to-air mis-
siles like IRIS-T (AIM-2000) and AIM-9X.
Upgrades to the mechanically scanned,
slotted planar array AN/APG-66 radar
resulted in the (V)2 version, capable
of supporting the Beyond Visual range
(BVR) AIM-120 AMRAAM missiles, and
advanced air-to-air and air-to-ground
modes of operation.
Through the MLU, EPAF F-16s share
a mostly common configuration today.
In the EW arena, however, this common-
ality only extends to Terma’s ALQ-213
EW Management System and its Pylon
Integrated Dispenser System (PIDS).
Otherwise, EPAF EW solutions differ. As
the most unique example, Belgium uses
the Dassault Electronique (now Thales)
Carapace system, which it bought in the
1990s. Only the passive portion of Cara-
pace was installed, however. Jamming
is provided by Northrop Grumman AN/
ALQ-131 Block II pods. The Portuguese
use Elisra SPS-1000(V)5 warning receiv-
ers and ALQ-131 pods. The Netherlands
uses upgraded Northrop Grumman ALR-
69s and the ALQ-131 Block II. The Royal
Netherlands Air Force has been planning
for a Block III DRFM upgrade to the ALQ-
131, although it is not clear when this
will occur. Much depends on whether
Northrop Grumman or Raytheon win the
ongoing Pod Upgrade Program (PUP) in
the US. The Norwegians and the Danish
use upgraded ALR-69s and either ALQ-
131s or ALQ-162s, the latter – now in a
DRFM-based pulse-Doppler/power up-
graded (V)6 version – integrated into
a wing pylon called Electronic Combat
Integrated Pylon System (ECIPS). ECIPS
and PIDS are regularly used together,
asymmetrically fitted under the wings.
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 Both air forces have committed to up-
grade these pylons (already fitted with
JDAM-capable MIL-STD-1760 smart
weapon interfaces) to PIDS+ and ECIPS+
standards with the addition of a Cassid-
ian Electronics (formerly EADS) AAR-
60(V)2 Missile Launch Detector System,
Fighter (MILDS-F).
The US fleet involved in CCIP up-
grades are all Block 40/42 and 50/52 air-
craft, the oldest of which has been in
service for 20 years. Although advanced
targeting pods, smart munitions and
46
The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011
datalinks were previously integrated,
aircraft that underwent the CCIP now
have a common and streamlined way of
accessing these capabilities.
From an EW – more precisely an elec-
tronic attack (EA) – viewpoint, probably
the most important achievement in the
US Air Force’s F-16 fleet has been the
integration of lethal suppression of en-
emy air defenses (SEAD) / destruction of
enemy air defenses (DEAD) capabilities
integrated into the Block 50/52 F-16CJ
aircraft. The CJ model simultaneously
in
t e n d ion
and cooperatively employs the Sniper EO
targeting pod and upgraded ASQ-213 R7
HARM Targeting System (HTS) pod. The
fusion and sharing of emitter informa-
tion from multiple CJs enables precision
geolocation and rapid targeting via the
Sniper pod. This combination offers a
significant improvement in terms of tar-
geting accuracy and rapid response.
The story of the self-protection of
these aircraft began, unfortunately,
as the USAF withdrew from the ITT/
Northrop Grumman ALQ-165 Advanced
Self Protection Jammer (ASPJ) program
intended for them in 1990, and therefore
the fleet had to settle with the combi-
nation of Raytheon’s ALR-69 or BAE Sys-
tems’ ALR-56M and ALQ-131 or ALQ-184
jamming pod. It was the O’Grady shoot-
down over Bosnia in 1995 that helped to
supplement this outfit with the ALE-50
towed repeater decoy system. In 1999
over Serbia, the Raytheon ALE-50 proved
to be a true game changer regarding the
most proliferated single-digit semi-ac-
tive monopulse seekers like those found
on the 3M9ME or 3M9M3 missiles of the
2K12 Kub (SA-6) system. The cat-and-
mouse game between threats and coun-
termeasures, however, does not stand
still. Sustainability, new threats with

i g h e s
T h e h t EW protect coherent waveforms and an increasingly
aircraf dense EM-environment clearly show a
pressing need for digital receivers, such
as the ALR-69A, and DRFM jammer up-
grades to this equipment, especially as
CCIP’d F-16s have to stay relevant until
the F-35 will replace them (hopefully
by 2025-26). There is also a stated US
requirement to use ALQ-213 for integra-
www.elisra.com

tion, as the Air National Guard has been

doing on their earlier F-16s for well over
a decade now.
Regarding the Block 30/32 F-16s used
• Fully integrated: RWR, MWS, LWS, by the Air National Guard (which were
2009 es ESM & ECM
Since rcraft typ • The only proven IR MWS protection
extensively modernized separately from
a i s
more st Elisra’
the later versions of the active fleet
four against all threat types
b o a u s
i t e through the Combat Upgrade Plan In-
can t ion s
t e c VISIT US AT: tegration Details, CUPID program), the
pro 2010 Weapons and Tactics Conference
PARIS AIR SHOW, LE BOURGET
20-26.6.2011 identified ALR-69 and ALQ-131/184
ELBIT SYSTEMS BOOTH, ISRAEL PAVILION digital upgrades among the top items in
the Air National Guard’s Critical Combat
Capabilities List. Although an initial
all-digital ALR-69A upgrade for them
Members of Elbit Systems is ongoing, there is no funding yet for
fleet-wide modification.

529524_Elisra.indd 1 4/27/11 1:17:13 PM

 Depending on funds and the pace of
F-35 introduction, upgrades that may
appear on the US fleet of F-16s include
an AESA radar (both Raytheon and
Northrop Grumman are demonstrating
their prototypes now), and a large Cen-
ter Display Unit (CDU) which would solve
a long-standing shortcoming of the F-16
cockpit, namely the inadequate display
area of the two current Multi Function
Displays (MFD).
Beyond the USAF and EPAF, other
F-16 operators of legacy aircraft are also
pursuing upgrades. Partly through the
acquisition of surplus Dutch and Belgian
F-16s, Chile and Jordan became opera-
tors of MLU aircraft.
In addition to buying 30 Advanced
Block 50s, Turkey decided upon imple-
menting CCIP for its fleet of domestically
produced Block 40s and 50s, and a more
limited upgrade to its Block 30s. The
effort includes the newest APG-68(V)9
standard radar, the locally developed
Aselpod targeting pod and the ability to
carry AGM-84K SLAM-ER cruise missiles.
While the new aircraft will be fitted
with ITT’s ALQ-211(V)4 Advanced In-
48 tegrated Defensive EW Suite (AIDEWS),
the legacy fleet has received, through
the years, the BAE Systems-developed
The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011
ALQ-178(V) Self-Protection EW System
(SPEWS) I-II manufactured locally by
MiKES. Turkish Aerospace Industries
(TAI) also implements upgrades on Jor-
danian and Pakistani aircraft. There is
an ongoing effort to use about 20 F-16D
two-seaters as stand-off jammers with
an adequate pod.
Israel, which is well known for in-
digenous upgrades, recently decided
upon the so-called Barak 2020 program,
which will implement a standard close
to the configuration of the F-16I “Soufa”
on about 124 earlier Block 30 and 40 air-
craft. Elisra’s Advanced Self-Protection
System (ASPS) includes the SPS-3000
RWR, SPJ-40 jammer and PAWS-2 IR
missile warner. Israeli systems are ex-
tensively used on F-16s in service with
Singapore. Singapore’s latest Advanced
Block 52s virtually mirror the F-16I
configuration.
Also a large operator of the type,
South Korea’s Air Force outfitted its lo-
cally manufactured Block 52s with the
ITT/Northrop Grumman ALQ-165 Ad-
vanced Self Protection Jammer (ASPJ) in
the 1990s, and it recently completed an
upgrade that will provide the capability
to drop JDAMs. It is now looking into
radar upgrades for its KF-16s, including,
but not limited to AESA sensors. Beyond
US export control issues, the decisions
will depend on the eventual progress of
the Korean-manufactured FA-50 light
fighter, for which the local LIG Nex1
company is developing a radar together
with IAI ELTA, based on the latter’s EL/
M-2032 mechanically scanned design.
Longer term, this program may even
receive technology insertion from the
Israeli company’s EL/M-2052 AESA radar
development. The FA-50s EW suite is be-
ing supplied by Elisra.
Greece, which bought 90 Block 52+
in the last decade equipped with Ray-
theon’s Advanced Self-Protection Inte-
grated Suite (ASPIS) II, also upgraded
the original ASPIS I of its Block 30s
and 50s to this standard. Some aircraft
lacking jammers received them, while
those already outfitted with ALQ-187
were given a DRFM upgrade. Egypt and
Morocco have also bought the ASPIS for
their F-16s.
F/A-18 HORNET
As a type destined to be replaced by
the F-35 eventually, the so-called legacy
Hornets (F/A-18A/B/C/D models) of the
US Navy and Marine Corps have received
many upgrades in recent years, includ-
ing Advanced IFF and targeting pods
(Litening and ATFLIR), while struc-
tural upgrades were made to extend
the lifespan of the airframes prone to
cracks in the harsh carrier environment.
Regarding EW, the basic trend over the
past few years has been to retrofit ele-
ments (Raytheon’s ALR-67(V)3 RWR and
ITT’s ALQ-214 RF Countermeasures sub-
system) of the F/A-18E/F Super Hornet’s
Integrated Defensive Electronic Coun-
termeasures (IDECM) suite into legacy
Hornets. The US Navy is following in the
footsteps of export customers, like the
Swiss Air Force and the Canadian Forces,
which have been retrofitting the ALR-
67(V)3 into their Hornets. The world-
wide fleet of legacy Hornets, which
currently relies on a mix of ALQ-126B,
ALQ-162 and a few ALQ-165 jammers are
slated receive a new version of the ALQ-
214 jammer, as well.
As the Royal Australian Air Force
became a Super Hornet customer, it
moved to equip its legacy F-18s with the
ALR-67(V)3 RWR, instead of the (now
abandoned) indigenous ALR-2001. The
upgrade also included AIM-132 Advanced
Short-Range Air-to-Air Missiles (AS-
RAAMs), and smart weapons fitted with
long-range “diamondback” wing kits.
Spain elected a different path for its
EF-18M upgrade. Beginning in 2008, do-
mestic EW manufacturer Indra supplied
a new Self Protection Suite (SPS) for 56
aircraft. It includes the ALR-400 digital
Radar Warning Receiver, the ALQ-500
Jammer/Deceiver and the ALE-47 CMDS.
MIRAGE 2000
While continuous upgrades for the
fleet of different Mirage 2000 variants of
the French Air Force is ongoing (includ-
ing the addition of the rocket-propelled
modular munition, the AASM), the most
significant of them, the conversion of a
limited number of C fighter variants to
Dash 5 versions, finished years ago. The
upgrade included a new glass cockpit,
RDY radar, full ICMS EW suite and the
addition of Mica EM and IR missiles.
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 The Indian Air Force and Thales are
inching ever closer to an agreement to
upgrade the Indian Air Force’s fleet of
Mirage 2000 aircraft (see related news
article in World Report, page 28). Thales
is offering the Integrated Countermea-
sure System (ICMS) Mk 4 for the up-
grade, which includes wideband digital
receivers and DRFM.
TORNADO
Although planning seems to change
from time to time, it is generally agreed
Cover your bases
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50
The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011
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that the tri-national European Tornado
has to serve for another 10-20 years.
This goal is being achieved via separate
phased upgrade programs among its
three European operators, the United
Kingdom, Germany and Italy. Although
separate programs, they are achieving
similar levels of capability. For exam-
ple, all air forces operating the type
have added a GPS-guided munition ca-
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8/28/10 4:49:51 PM
Italiana, the AMI), advanced target-
ing pods (in the form of Litening) and
reconnaissance pods (in the form of
Raptor and RecceLite). Regarding EW,
the Italian examples are fitted with
Elettronica AR-3/MK3i, while the Ger-
mans have installed Saab’s BOW RWR
as part of its Tornado Defensive Aids
Subsystem (TDASS) upgrade. The AMI
is partnering with the US Navy in the
AGM-88E AARGM missile development,
which would give their ECR defense-
suppression aircraft new capabilities.
Over the last few years, Europe’s Tor-
nadoes have been supporting operations
in Afghanistan, which has prompted
significant IR countermeasures up-
grades for the Tornado. Germany, the
UK and Italy each pursued different
upgrade programs, although all were
based on Saab’s BOZ dispenser pod. In
2006, Germany selected Terma’s Special
Dispenser System (SDS), the so-called
MCP-8F version of the company’s Modu-
lar Countermeasures Pod (MCP). The RAF
also contracted with Terma in 2008 to
provide the Advanced Infrared Protec-
tion System (AIPS), which also incor-
porates a US-supplied missile warning
system. Both solutions are controlled
by the Danish company’s ALQ-213(V) EW
management system. The AMI selected
Saab’s BOZ-102EC (Enhanced Capability),
which is a Compact Integrated Defensive
Aids Suite (CIDAS) installed in a stan-
dard BOZ pod. It carries an Electronic
Warfare Controller (EWC), five BOPL-39
countermeasures dispensers and the
company’s MAW-300 ultraviolet-band
missile warner.
MIG-21
The classic Cold War Soviet MiG-21
and its Chinese F-7 derivative survived
into the 21st Century in significant
numbers. Two upgrades stand out,
which at the present moment look like
they will enable these aircraft to re-
main in service for another three to 10
years. The Indian Air Force’s MiG-21UPG,
or Bison, received the Phazatron Kopyo
lightweight radar, the indigenously
developed Tarang RWR, conformal dis-
pensers above the wings, as well as a
capability to carry R-73RDM2 (AA-11)
dogfight and Beyond Visual Range
(BVR) R-77/RVV-AEE (AA-12) missiles, as
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 well as KAB-500 electro-optical guided
bombs. The hotly contested Medium-
Range Combat Aircraft (MRCA) program
and the local Tejas light fighter pro-
gram are intended to buy replacements
for the Bison, but slow progress with
both makes it necessary for the Indian
Air Force to continue relying in part on
these old MiGs.
The Romanian Air Force turned to
Elbit for a comprehensive upgrade of its
MiG-21MF aircraft, which became the
LanceR. On the LanceR-C variant, the
Romanians fitted an Elta AL/M-2032 to a decline in mission capable rates. many of the world’s MiG-29 operators
radar and an EW suite comprising Elis- According to current plans, ex-US intend to keep them flying for 10 to 15
ra’s SPS-20 RWR, IMI’s TAAS dispenser F-16 Block 25 aircraft with Israeli up- more years, including NATO countries
and Elta’s EL/L-8222R jamming pod. grades will replace the MiGs, although such as Poland, Slovakia and Bulgaria,
Interestingly, LanceRs were one of the a contract has not been signed yet. The which operate the original 9.12 vari-
first types to employ a helmet mounted Romanian Air Force wants as many ele- ant. Slovakia performed the MiG-29AS
cueing system in the form of DASH. ments from the LanceR upgrade as pos- upgrade, which mostly included West-
In addition to the Litening targeting sible to be retained in the replacement ern navigation and communications
pod, weapons integrated with the up- solution. systems, IFF, as well as man-machine
grade include Python III and Magic II interface improvements. Poland has
air-to-air missiles, Lizard laser-guided MIG-29 developed its own upgrade package in
munitions and Opher IR-guided bombs. Counter to Western expectations, the order to meet basic NATO interoperabil-
Although capability-wise the upgrade MiG-29 has proven to be far less com- ity requirements, and it is now looking
was a success, accident attrition has petitive in fighter competitions over the into capability upgrades. This includes a
been high and budget constraints led past decade than expected. However, sustainability and performance upgrade
52
The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011

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of the N019 (Slot Back) radar with the
Phazotron Ukraine company. EW up-
grades may receive attention, as it was
mentioned when Poland signed a deal
for helicopter self-protection solutions
with Terma last year.
Ukraine has been planning a fleet-
wide upgrade of its MiG-29s for many
years, but no final decision has been
taken yet. However, aerospace compa-
nies in the country are preparing solu-
tions, in case funding is assured. The
Radionix company, for example, is devel-
oping the Omut jammer (also to be avail-
tanks and an improved EW suite, which
includes an internal jammer, which the
MiG-29 lacked before.
SUKHOI
The Su-27 and derivatives (Su-30
and China’s Jenyang J-11) have been
the most successful export product
of the Russian defense industry over
the past two decades. While some
newer versions were delivered in an
up-to-date configuration, which in-
cluded Western equipment (India’s
Su-30MKI carries Elta’s EL/L-8222 jam-
well as a new Belorussian jammer inte-
grated into a missile rail.
BANG FOR THE BUCK
While the world’s high-profile fighter
programs, such as those in India and
Brazil, seem to garner the most atten-
tion, the market for fighter upgrades
remains significant. Major advances in
avionics architectures, stand-off tar-
geting and precision munitions, radar,
communications and EW systems can be
implemented on legacy platforms that
still have many years of service left in

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011

able in podded form) for this purpose,
to replace the L009LM RWR and L203B(I)
jammer combination in the 9.13 variant
of the MiG-29.
India’s MiG-29 upgrade program
reached an important milestone ear-
lier this year, when the first prototype
of the MiG-29UPG made its initial test
flight at Zhukovsky airfield, Russia. Al-
though the exact configuration was not
disclosed, it is believed that the Phazo-
tron Zhuk ME mechanically scanned pla-
nar slotted antenna radar is part of the
package, as well as dorsal mounted fuel
mer pods and Litening targeting pods
and Malaysia’s MKM received a Saab
self-protection suite, for example),
the upgrade of the original Soviet
fleet started slowly and has not re-
ceived much attention. Russia is mov-
ing ahead with its Su-27SM upgrade,
which beside cockpit upgrades and
new radar (N001V) allows the carriage
of R-77 missiles. Belurussia developed
its own upgrade, the Su-27BM/UBM,
and beyond its own aircraft, upgraded
those of Kazakhstan. The latter also
received Litening pods from Elbit, as
them. Moreover, these options are espe-
cially significant in an austere budget
environment.
Pursuing these types of upgrades typ-
ically requires the user nation to be as-
tute not only about aircraft engines and
structural components, but also about
AESA radars, advanced datalinks, digital
RWRs and DRFM-based countermeasures.
If done right, a good fighter upgrade pro-
gram can enable an air force to wait until
the time is right to buy a new genera-
tion of aircraft, even if that takes several
years longer than expected. a
53

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France’s Direction Générale de l’Armement (DGA) procurement
agency is pursing several electronic warfare (EW) programs
across the land, sea and air domains for the country’s armed
forces. Several of these initiatives have been launched in the
last five years, and additional EW system acquisitions are ex-
pected over the next five-year period. These initiatives are being
driven by two key motivations; firstly to outfit platforms that
the Armée de Terre (French Army), Marine Nationale (French
Navy) and Armée de l’Air (French Air Force) are acquiring; and
secondly, to respond to urgent operational requirements gener-
ated by the continuing French presence in Afghanistan in sup-
port of NATO operations there. Around 4,000 French personnel
are deployed both inside the country, and as part of Combined
Task Force-150 supporting maritime security operations in the
Indian Ocean region. Most of these personnel are involved in
counter-insurgency efforts inside Afghanistan and, as a result
of the French Army’s experiences there, a number of EW pro-
grams have been launched to provide force protection to French
troops operating on the ground.
ARMÉE DE TERRE
The French Army follows two distinct approaches as far as its
EW doctrine is concerned, maintaining both brigade and tacti-
cal-level EW capabilities. The force is unusual in the European
context in maintaining a dedicated unit charged with collect-
ing signals intelligence (SIGINT). This unit was initially called
the Brigade de Renseignement et de Guerre Electronique (BRGE/
Electronic Warfare and Information Brigade) and was formed in
1993. It was renamed the Brigade de Renseignement, despite
By Tom Withington
retaining its EW responsibilities. Currently, this unit contains
two SIGINT regiments (44e and 54e Régiment de Transmis-
sions); artillery and light cavalry regiments; a cartographic
group; an information collection group charged with interro-
gating prisoners of war; and civil communications operations.
In addition to this formation, French Army EW doctrine also
highlights the importance of retaining tactical-level EW as-
sets, and to this end, is rolling out equipment onto its ground
vehicles to provide tactical-level SIGINT and force protection.
EW force protection assets utilized by the French Army in-
clude a route clearance system, known as the SOUVIM-2, which
is understood to have deployed to Afghanistan. The system
obtains its designation from Système d’OUVerture d’Itinéraire
Miné, (Mine Route Clearance System). The DGA contracted
MBDA to develop the SOUVIM-2 in 2000, following the draft
of a requirement by the French Army for a vehicle which could
clear ordnance from up to 93 miles of road per day. The require-
ment also stipulated that the vehicle should be able to mark
the safe route for other traffic in a convoy. The acquisition of
the SOUVIM-2 by the French Army replaces the legacy SOU-
VIM-1 system that the force was using for the mine and Impro-
vised Explosive Device (IED) clearance task. SOUVIM-1 was the
local designation given to the four DCD Dorbyl Husky vehicles
that the French Army procured from South Africa.
Each SOUVIM-2 comprises two separate vehicles, each de-
signed with a narrow V-shaped hull. The two vehicles both tow
trailers, and travel in a tandem formation. A frame outfits the
front of the leading vehicle accommodating an infra-red sen-
sor designed to detonate IR-activated ordnance, as well as a
The country looks to system acquisitions as it continues
to support operations in the Middle East

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011

magnetic unit to detonate magnetic mines. This frame is also from this UOR, the DGA is expected to launch a larger counter-
equipped with metal protrusions to trigger motion-activated IED program on behalf of the French Army in the near future.
mines, allowing the leading SOUVIM-2 vehicle to detonate such
ordnance at a safe distance. Low pressure tires allow the lead ARMÉE DE L’AIR
vehicle to pass harmlessly over pressure mines, which are then Like the French Army, French Air Force EW doctrine is fo-
activated by a heavy trailer, which weighs around 22,000 lbs. cused on using both dedicated SIGINT gathering capabilities
The trailer also carries high-pressure paint spraying apparatus – in this case the C-160G Gabriel aircraft that are used by the
to apply paint to the road surface, and which cannot be dis- force for electronic intelligence collection at the operational
placed by dust. This indicates the section of the road passed and strategic levels – along with tactical EW executed by the
over by the lead vehicle, which the following convoy will drive dedicated self-protection equipment installed on fixed-wing
through. Although the trailer is designed to detonate pressure aircraft and helicopters.
mines, its robust construction provides it with good protec-
tion against any damage caused by these mines. Moreover, any
damage to the trailer, such as the loss of a wheel, can be easily
replaced in the field. 55
The lead vehicle is followed by a second vehicle, which does
not carry the forward-facing frame, but does tow two addi-
tional trailers that are designed to detonate any residual pres-
sure mines not activated by the lead vehicle and trailer. By the
end of this year, SOUVIM-2 manufacturer MBDA is expected to
deliver five complete systems to the French Army.
Along with the SOUVIM-2, the French Army has procured
the Station Appui Electronique de Contact (SAEC) SIGINT ve-
hicles. The DGA awarded Thales a contract in 2004 to develop
the SAEC, which is deployed on eight Véhicule de l’Avant Blindé
(VAB) armored personnel carriers. The SAEC, which can per-
form on-the-move and static communications and electronic
intelligence gathering, performs wideband signals acquisition
and real-time analysis. The SAEC can be linked into a VHF or
HF tactical radio network to feed raw or processed intelligence
to higher command levels.
A number of SIGINT and EW programs for the French Army
are also known to be in existence, although neither the force,
the DGA, nor the contractor (in this case Thales), will provide
any public comment regarding the name or scope of these ini-
tiatives. For example, last year the DGA awarded Thales a con-
tract to develop a communications intelligence (COMINT) and
jamming system to support dismounted Special Forces. In ad-
dition, earlier this year, the procurement agency awarded the
company a contract to develop a counter-IED jammer resulting
from an Urgent Operational Requirement. Deliveries of this new MBDA’s DDM-NG self protection system provides a 360-degree view
around the aircraft to detect incoming missiles, projectiles and
product are expected to commence before the summer. Apart
gunshots. The company sees applications for its infrared sensing
technology for ground surveillance, too.
 The Air Force operates two dedicated C-
160G Gabriel SIGINT aircraft flown by the
Escadron Electronique EE54 ‘Dunkerque’
(54 ‘Dunkerque’ Electronic Squadron) lo-
cated at Metz-Frescaty airbase, northern
France. At least one of these aircraft was
reported in the French media to be sup-
porting Opération Harmattan, the French
contribution to Operation Unified Protec-
tor which enforces the UN arms embargo
and no-fly zone over Libya. The French
Air Force has refused to confirm or deny
this, stating that it does not comment
on C-160G operations. In 2008, the DGA
56
The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011
DDM-NG sensor view and the sensor mounted near the top of the Rafale’s tailfin.
selected Thales to perform an upgrade to
the SIGINT collection and analysis capa-
bilities of these aircraft. Although these
upgrades were scheduled to be completed
this year, it is thought that both of the
air force’s C-160G Gabriel aircraft have
completed their upgrade programs and
re-entered service.
At the tactical level, France is pur-
suing several EW programs in the air
domain, including the DDM-SAMIR (Dé-
tecteur De Missile-Système d’Alerte Mis-
sile InfraRouge) infrared missile warning
system, the new generation DDM-NG
missile warning system, the SPECTRA
self-protection suite plus the Saphir-M
and ELIPS family. Furthermore, in the
air domain, the DGA is pushing forward
work on decoy systems, such as Spider,
while continuing to order legacy prod-
ucts such as the Éclair-M chaff and flare
launcher to support air force operations
in Afghanistan.
The DDM-SAMIR has been in produc-
tion since October 1994, when the DGA
tasked MBDA and Sagem Défense et Sé-
curité to develop this missile warning
receiver for Dassault Mirage 2000C/D/N
combat aircraft. Since then, the DGA
has authorized MBDA’s development of
the next incarnation of the DDM-SAMIR,
known as the DDM-NG, which forms a key
component of the SPECTRA self-protec-
tion suite outfitting the Dassault Rafale-
C/D/M combat aircraft of the air force
and Aeronavale (French Naval Aviation).
Deliveries of the DDM-NG for SPECTRA
installation on the Rafale is expected
to commence in 2012, and MBDA is cur-
rently completing some remaining work
on the system’s software modes.
One of the DGA’s specifications for
the DDM-NG was for it to maintain the
same form, fit, function and electrical
interface as that used for the legacy
DDM-SAMIR, but with greatly improved
capability. For example, the DDM-NG
uses a pair of staring IR focal plane ar-
ray sensors to provide the aircraft with
360 degree coverage; and it can detect
rocket, missile and even sniper fire.
The SPECTRA EW suite is already in ser-
vice on the 55 Rafales operated by the
Air Force, and 17 flown by the Navy,
although the SPECTRA system carried
by these aircraft comprises the legacy
DDM-SAMIR. Production of the DDM-NG
is scheduled to commence in 2012.
Along with the work that the DGA
has tasked MBDA to perform regarding
the DDM-NG, the procurement agency
has also tasked the firm to further de-
velop its Spider expendable RF decoy.
Originally conceived in the 1990s, the
DGA has authorized a Technology Dem-
onstration Program to develop the Spi-
der into a working product. This process
is expected to take around five years.
Moreover, as part of the pan-European
Airbus A400M military airlifter pro-
gram, the DGA has tasked MBDA with
 90 Tactical Transport Helicopters (TTH)
and NFHs (NATO Frigate Helicopters)
being sold to Australia, Belgium, Fin-
land, France, Germany, Greece, Italy,
the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway,
Oman, Portugal and Spain. The excep-
tion is Sweden, which is to receive 18
NH-90s that will be outfitted with a
Saab-produced decoy system.
In fact, the ELIPS-NH is one variant
within the larger ELIPS family, which
also includes the ELIPS-NG chaff and
flare dispenser. ELIPS-NG can be con-
figured to include between two and six

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011

The French Army’s SOUVIM-2 system has been procured to provide a route clearance capability.
the development of the Saphir-400 ex-
pendable decoy dispensing system for
the freighter. This product will be inte-
grated with the larger A400M Defensive
Aids Sub System (DASS) provided by the
Spanish defence firm Indra.
In terms of rotary-wing EW pro-
grams being supported by the DGA, the
organization has commissioned MBDA
to develop the Saphir-M and ELIPS-NH
chaff/flare dispensers for the Eurocop-
ter EC-665 (Saphir-M) attack helicopter
variants under acquisition by France,
Spain, Germany and Australia. Mean-
while, the ELIPS-NH decoy system is
equipping all of the NH Industries NH-
chaff and flare decoy launchers, and
it outfits the Eurocopter EC-725 Cara-
cal Combat Search and Rescue (CSAR)
and Special Forces helicopters used by
the French Army and Air Force. MBDA
sources have indicated that this product
could be used to equip the French Navy’s
Dassault Atlantique ATL2 maritime pa-
trol aircraft in the near future.
Along with the new EW products
discussed above, both the DGA and
French Air Force continue to procure
legacy chaff and flare products to
protect aircraft participating in ongo-
57

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 ing combat operations. For example,
French Air Force Mirage-2000D aircraft
deployed to Afghanistan are outfitted
with MBDA’s Éclair-M decoy dispenser,
which is carried in place of the drag
parachute that these aircraft usually
deploy, to provide additional protec-
tion. The Éclair-M can carry up to 112
packages of chaff and 64 flares, and
is used to defeat new-generation Man-
Portable Air Defense System (MAN-
PADS) threats that the aircraft might
encounter in theater.
58
The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011
516237_Esterline.indd 1
MARINE NATIONALE
Like the Air Force and Army, the
French Navy supports a similar dual
strategic/operational and tactical EW
doctrine. The force is one of the few
European navies to maintain a dedi-
cated SIGINT vessel for strategic- and
operational-level missions, in the form
of the Dupuy de Lôme, which was com-
missioned in 2006. In addition, the force
will also make use of a number of tacti-
cal ELINT capabilities outfitting several
of the surface and subsurface combat-
4/27/11 2:07:27 PM
ants entering service with the force in
the next five to 10 years.
Regarding surface vessels, the Navy
should commission the first of its nine
FREMM (Frégate Multi-Mission) ships
in July 2012. Meanwhile, the force is
also upgrading some of the EW systems
on existing ship classes. To this end,
the Georges Leygues-Class F-70 class
anti-submarine frigates are receiving
improvements to their EW systems.
This upgrade will also be rolled out
across the force’s five La Fayette class
light frigates, which carry the SAIGON
ARBG-1 VHF/UHF detector, ARBR-21
radar detector and Dagaile Mk.2 chaff
launcher. Other improvements to the
EW capabilities of the French Navy
surface fleet include the addition of
new chaff and IR decoys to its Hori-
zon class frigates with the possibil-
ity of also installing these defenses,
which are being furnished by French
countermeasures specialists Etienne-
Lacroix, to the FREMM ships over the
next five years.
The French Navy is also taking deliv-
ery of new submarines in the form of up
to six Barracuda class nuclear powered
attack boats. The launch of the first,
the Suffren, is expected in 2016. These
submarines will be outfitted with a DAS
surface detection system from French
defense contractor Sagem Défense Sé-
curité. The DAS comprises a pair of op-
tronic masts and a single radar mast.
Collocated with these is an ESM system
that will detect radar emissions from
surface ships and aircraft.
PLANNING FOR THE FUTURE
The procurements to fulfil UORs, par-
ticularly in the ground domain, under-
line the fact that the DGA is still mindful
of a need to protect French assets in
the Afghan theatre from threats such
as IEDs. At the same time, the agency
in continuing to procure EW systems
for the protection of French platforms
in future operations, which may or
may not include a significant counter-
insurgency element. While playing close
attention to the need to fulfil tactical
EW requirements, the DGA also contin-
ues to maintain the capabilities of its
strategic- and operational-level SIGINT
gathering capabilities. a
TECHNOLOGY SURVEY
AIRBORNE DISPENSERS AND IR EXPENDABLES
By Ollie Holt
I
nfrared (IR) countermeasures
flares and decoys remain the pri-
mary means of protecting rotary-
and fixed-wing aircraft against
IR-guided threats. This is due to
their effectiveness against most
types of fielded IR-guided missiles, as
well as their affordability. Flare tech-
nology and dispenser designs have
evolved considerably over
the past decade, and many of
those advances are reflected
in this month’s survey.
Dispensers
The dispensers included
in this month’s survey cover
a variety types, including
traditional “bucket” designs,
such as the ALE-47, which use
pyrotechnic impulse cartridg-
es or “squibs” to eject the
flares. Typically, these types
of dispensers are program-
mable, meaning they can be
pre-programmed to dispense flares in a
particular pattern. Sometimes, two or
even three different flare types are load-
ed into the dispensers in order to match
flares with specific types of threats. A
few of these dispensers also feature the
ability to automatically identify which
type of flare is loaded into each slot of
the magazine. This helps with keeping
track of flare inventory throughout a
mission. Mechanical dispensers use a
motor to drive a plunger that pushes
pyrophoric IR decoy material out of
the dispenser. These dispensers can be
started and stopped either automati-
cally via the EW suite or manually by
the aircrew. Depending on the amount
of pyrophoric decoy material they can
carry, they can provide pre-emptive IR
protection for extended periods.
IR Expendables
As missile technology has evolved,
IR seekers have employed more sophisti-
cated counter-countermeasures against
flares. These counter-countermeasures
may include spectral, temporal, spa-
tial and kinematic techniques to dis-
tinguish between flares and the target
aircraft. As a result, flare designs offer
more sophistication in terms of the ma-
terials they use and their flight charac-
teristics. For example, thrusted flares
include a propellant component that
enables the decoy to fly along with or
even ahead of the platform for several
seconds, which is long enough to con-
fuse an incoming threat. Dual-spectral
flares include two components that ra-
diate at different temperatures. These
are designed to defeat threats that re-
ject single-point flares by looking for
targets with two or more IR features,
such as heat from the leading edge of
a wing and the much hotter metal near
the engine exhaust.
The more advanced missile seekers
will add both a spatial and spectral com-
ponent to the tracking loop in order to
separate targets from countermeasures.
In order to defeat these advanced seekers,
either a cocktail of spectral and propelled
The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011
flares is required or a spectrally tailored
propelled flare is needed to degrade the
missile seeker tracking capability.
Most airborne IR decoys comply to
standard form factors, such as 1 x 1 x 8
inches, 1 x 2 x 8 inches, etc. However, the
flare dispensers, which are integrated
onto a variety of helicopters,
transports and fighter air-
craft, come in a several shapes
and sizes and feature a range
of flare capacities.
Airborne Dispenser and IR
Expendables Sampling 59
This survey includes two
related components. The first
section covers IR decoy dis-
pensers. The second section
lists the types of flares and
IR decoys that are available
for use with these dispensers.
In the airborne market,
the flare manufacturers and the dis-
penser manufacturers usually are not
the same companies. However, most of
the companies that make flare dispens-
ers also manufacture flares and vice
versa.
Our survey includes nearly 30 dis-
penser products from 10 companies, as
well as listing four flare magazines from
two manufacturers. The flare portion of
the survey covers 34 IR decoy and flare
products from eight manufacturers. This
is merely a sampling from these compa-
nies, and we encourage you to visit the
company websites listed in the table in
order to view the full range of available
products.
JED’s next survey, covering SIGINT and DF
antennas, will appear in the August issue.
 TECHNOLOGY SURVEY: AIRBORNE DISPENSERS
MODEL EXP TYPE QUANTITY PROGRAMMABLE INTERFACE
BAE Systems; Austin, TX; +1-512-929-4371; www.baesystems.com
ALE-47 (V) Threat Adaptive Countermeasures MJU-7/-10, M206, RR-170, RR-180, etc. 30 Yes MIL-STD-1553
Dispenser System (TACDS)
AN/ALE-47 Countermeasures Dispenser System MJU-7/-10, M206, RR-170, RR-180, etc. 30 Yes MIL-STD-1553
(CMDS)
ALE-47H Threat Adaptive Countermeasures M206, M211, M212, RR-170 and RR-180 30 Yes MIL-STD-1553
Dispenser System (TACDS) for Helicopter
applications
AN/ALE-58 (BOL) MJU-52 160-640 Yes MIL-STD-1553

BAE Systems Rokar; Jerusalem, Israel; +972-2-5329888; www.rokar.com

Advanced Countermeasures Dispensing System MJU-7, M206, RR-170, RR-180 30 Yes 1553, RS-232 and
(ACDS) PPD

Kanfit Ltd.; Migdal-Haemek, Israel; +972-4-6547461; www.kanfit.com

M-130 Magazine NATO rectantangular format, 1 x 1 x 8 in. 30 * *

ALE-47 Magazine NATO rectantangular format, 1 x 1 x 8 in., 30 * *

2 x 1 x 8 in. and 2 x 2.5 x 8 in.
ALE-39 Magazine Round: 1.5 in. D x 6 in. 30 * *

MBDA; Le Plessis-Robinson Cedex, France; +33 1 71 54 10 00; www.mbda-systems.com

ELIPS IR, RF 190 (Typ.) Yes RS 422
SPECTRA Dispenser IR, RF, EO 180 (Typ.) Yes MIL-STD-1553
SPIRALE & ECLAIR-M IR, RF, EO 210 (Typ.) Yes Digibus, RS422
SAPHIR-M IR, RF 190 (Typ.) Yes RS 422
60
SAPHIR-400 IR, RF * Yes MIL-STD-1553
Meggit Defense Systems; Irvine, CA; +1.949-465-7700; www.meggitt.com
The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011

SM-50 Magazine IR * Yes *

MES; Rome, Italy; +39-06-41627.200; www.mesroma.it

ECDS-1 RF MEB, IR MEB and others 30, 60 MEB Yes RS-422, RS-485

ECDS-2 RF MEB, IR MEB and others 30, 60 MEB Yes MIL-STD-1553,

RS-422, RS-485

ECDS-2(V28) RF MEB, IR MEB and others 30, 60 MEB Yes MIL-STD-1553,

RS-422, RS-485,
RS-232
Niron M.S. System & Projects Ltd.; Netania, Israel; +972 9 7407626; www.niron-sys.com
Chaff And Flare Dispensing System (CAFDS) RR-170, RR-180, M206, MJU-7 30 Yes MIL-STD-1553,
RS-422

Rodale Electronics Inc.; Hauppauge, NY; +1-321-632-1130; www.rodaleelectronics.com

Dispenser Unit 179750-0001 Chaff and Flare 30 * various

Dispenser Unit 3268AS402-002 Chaff and Flare 30 Yes digital and analog

ALE-39 Dispenser Unit Chaff and Flare 30 No digital and analog

PWR CONSUMED (W) SIZE WEIGHT FEATURES

45 W standby, 170-200 W dispensing.
45 W standby, 170-200 W dispensing.
45 W standby, 170-200 W dispensing.
Various configs. 60 lb for a typical four-dispenser system.
12-15 lb per additional dispenser.
Various configs. 60 lb for a typical four-dispenser system.
12-15 lb per additional dispenser.
4.85 x 8.95 x 12.93 in. 40 lb for a typical helicopter installation.
Full O, I and D level support equipment
and software support tools available.
Full US DOD logistics and EW software
support via WR-ALC Program Office.
Full O, I and D level support equipment
and software support tools available

30 W standby, 500 W dispensing. 67.9 x 8.9 x 7.4 in. Typ install 40 lb per dispenser. 80 lb typical Full O, I and D level support equipment
2-dispenser aircraft config. and software support tools available.

Each dispense requires 5 amps. System * * Simultaneous dispensing of four payloads

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011

operates on 28 V. from same magazine. Event recording
and debriefing.

* Dispenser: 8.5 x 4.5 x 4 in. Magazine; Dispenser: 10 lb. Magazine: 6 lb. RTM composite technology; offers
8.5 x 4.5 x 8 in. durability, tighter tolerances and very
good repeatability.
* Dispenser: 7 x 6 x 10 in. Magazine: 6.5 x Dispenser: 10 lb. Magazine: 6 lb. RTM composite technology.
5.5 x 8 in.
* Dispenser: 10.7 x 9 x 7 in. Magazine: 10.75 Dispenser: 15 lb. Magazine: 8 lb. RTM composite technology.
x 6 x 6 in.

* * ~ 12 kg Helicopters and mission aircraft

* * * RAFALE
* * * M2000
* * ~ 12 kg Tigre and NH90
61
* * * A400M

350 vdc @ 100 W 3 x 8 x 24 in. 30 lb Converts ALE-50 RF deoy system into

pre-emptive IR decoy dispensing system
using pryophoric material.

15 W standby, 203 W dispensing
16 W standby, 206 W dispensing
25 W standby, 250 W dispensing
CCU: 3 x 5.74 x 5.39 in. SDU: 6.87 x
8.3 x 11.41 in. SSU: 3.14 W x 3.74 L in.
Magazine: 5.54 x 7.5 x 8.5 in.
EIU: 4.47 x 4.92 x 7.87 in. SDU: 6.87 x 8.3
x 3.74 in. SSU: 3.14 W x 3.74 in.
Magazine: 5.54 x 7.5 x 8.5 in.
EIU: 5.27 x 5.27 x 10.23 in. SDU: 6.77 x
8.48 x 10.23 in. SSU: 3.14 W x 3.74 L in.
Magazine: 5.54 x 7.5 x 8.5 in.
CCU: 4 lb. SDU: 7.1 lb. SSU: 0.5 lb.
Magazine: 3.7 lb.
EIU: 5.5 lb. SDU: 7.1 lb. SSU: 0.5 lb.
Magazine: 3.7 lb.
EIU: 5.5 lb. SDU: 8.8 lb. SSU: 0.5.
Magazine: 3.7 lb.
Reaction time: <100 ms. PBIT and CBIT.
Library data loaded by MIL-1553. 16
payload map configuration.
Misfire detection and recovery.

40W DCU: 10 x 6 x 4 in. Disp.: 8.5 x 5 x 4.5 in. 40 lb. (typical installation with 2 Dispensing mode selection: Automatic,
Magazine: 8.5 x 8 x 4.5 in. dispensers/magazines). Each additional Semi-Automatic, Manual, Escape &
dispenser/magazine 10 lb. Jettison. NVG compatibility.

* 10.1 x 7.2 in. 6.5 lb Interfaces with ALE-47. Utilizes inventory

monitoring.
5V 10.1 x 6.3 in. 6.5 lb Interfaces with ALE-47. Utilizes inventory
monitoring.
5-9 V * 8 lb Dispenser unit for ALE-39.
 TECHNOLOGY SURVEY: AIRBORNE DISPENSERS
MODEL EXP TYPE QUANTITY PROGRAMMABLE INTERFACE
Saab Defense Electronic Systems; Sweden; +46-8-580-853-06; www.saabgroup.com
BOZ-EC 1 x 1 x 8 in. and 2 x 1 x 8 in. 95-195 Yes PPD-bus, RS422, 28
VDC discretes, MIL-
STD-1553, Arinc 429
BOA CIV-IR IR decoy 12 Yes 28 VDC discretes
and RS485
BOL BOL chaff (RR-184) or BOL IR (MJU-52/B) 160 Yes 28 VDC discretes,
Tech Survey: Expendables RS485,
MIL-STD-1553

BOP-L 1 x 1 x 8 in. and 2 x 1 x 8 in. 23 to 39 Yes RS485, CAN

BOH BOL chaff or BOL IR. Flares: 160 BOL decoys and Yes 28 VDC discretes,
Pyro 1 x 1 x 8 in., 2 x 1 x 8 in. 15-30 pyro decoys RS485,
MIL-STD-1553
Symetrics Industries, LLC; Melbourne, FL, USA; +1-321-254-1500; www.symetrics.com
AN/ALE-47(V) Countermeasures Dispenser System Round: 1.5 D x 6 in., square: 1 x 1 x 8 in. 15-30 Yes MIL-STD-1553,
(CMDS) RS-422, RS-485

TERMA A/S; Lystrup, Denmark; +45-8743-6000; www.terma.com

Advanced Countermeasures Dispenser System MTV, spectral, SMD, aerodynamic, etc. 15-30 Yes MIL-STD-1553,
(ACMDS) RS-232, RS-485

Thales Land and Joint Systems; Suffolk, UK; +44 (0)1284 750599; www.thalesgroup.com
Vicon 78 Series 455 (helicopter config) NATO rectantangular format, 1 x 1 x 8 in. 32, 64 MEB Yes EIA-422A
and 2 x 1 x 8 in., MEB

Vicon 78 Series 455 (fixed-wing config) NATO rectantangular format, 1 x 1 x 8 in. 30, 60 MEB Yes EIA-422A and
and 2 x 1 x 8 in., MEB MIL-STD-1553.
62
Vicon XF NATO rectantangular format, 1 x 1 x 8 in. 32, 64 MEB Yes EIA-422A and
and 2 x 1 x 8 in., MEB MIL-STD-1553.
The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011

TECHNOLOGY SURVEY: AIRBORNE IR DECOYS/FLARES

MODEL EXP TYPE EJECT METHOD COMPATIBILITY
Alloy Surfaces Company; Chester Township, PA, USA; +1-610-497-7979; www.alloysurfaces.com
M211 Special Material (SM) Pyro ALE-40, -47, M-130 and similar dispensers

MJU-49/B Special Material (SM) Pyro ALE-39 and ALE-47

MJU-51A/B Special Material (SM) Pyro ALE-40, -47, M-130 and similar dispensers
MJU-52/B BOL IR Special Material (SM) Mechanical SAAB BOL dispenser

MJU-64/B Special Material (SM) Pyro ALE-40, -47, M-130 and similar dispensers
Armtec Defense; Coachella, CA, USA; +1-760 398 0143; www.esterline.com
ARM-001 Conventional MTV flare Pyro ALE-39, ALE-47 or equivalent
ARM-031 Aerodynamic MTV flare Pyro ALE-39, ALE-47 or equivalent
M206 Conventional MTV flare Pyro ALE-47 or equivalent
MJU-53/B Conventional MTV flare Pyro ALE-47 or equivalent
MJU-59/B Spectral flare Pyro ALE-47 or equivalent
PWR CONSUMED (W) SIZE WEIGHT FEATURES

3-phase 115 VAC Length approx 4,000 mm 250 kg Podded self-protection system. Test
block, Zero-Volt Tester, library tool.

<50W standby, <400W dispensing 128 x 308 x 436 mm 7.5 kg (loaded) Non-pyro dispenser; part of the CAMPS
protection system.
1-phase 115 VAC, <50W standby, Length approx 1,500 mm 11.9 kg Electromechanical dispensing
<400W dispensing Tech Survey: Expendables mechanism, mounted in missile launcher,
pylon, conformal housing or BOH
dispenser.
28 VDC, <15W standby * 2-2.5 kg, depending on config Light weight, quick release magazine.
* Length approx 3,000 mm 85 kg (loaded) Podded self-protection system with
integrated MWS, and both pyro dispenser

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011

and BOL.

<25W standby, 5+ amps for 50 msec Dispenser for round expendables: 10.2 4.4 lb Dispenser connects to EW and Air Data
while dispensing x 9.8 x 6.7 in. Dispenser for square busses.
expendables: 6.6 x 8.5 x 9.7 in.

3 W standby, 140 W (pulsed) dispensing DSS: 7.9 x 14.6 x 14.6 cm. Dispenser DSS: 1.3 kg. Dispenser assembly: 2.4 kg. Can be configured as standard dispenser
assembly: 16.9 x 21.5 x 24.4 cm. Breech Breech plate: 1 kg. assemblies (“buckets”) or integrated into
plate: 14.3 x 19.1 x 2.5 cm. applied aero-structures, e.g., fuselage
mounted, PIDS, MCP, SCDs or SWPs.

CPM: 5 W. Dispenser: 14 W. CPM: 15.2 x 14.5 x 1.75 cm. Safety CPM: 0.2 kg. Safety Disarm Unit: 0.3 kg. Designed for helicopter applications.
Disarm Unit: 6.5 x 7.62 x 7.94 cm. Dispenser: 3.1 kg.
Dispenser: 26.3 x 11.9 x 27.3 cm.
CFDCU: 28 W. Dispenser: 14 W. CFDCU: 14.6 x 7.62 x 23.5 cm. Safety CFDCU: 2.2 kg. Safety Disarm Unit: 0.3 Designed for fixed-wing and retrofit
Disarm Unit: 6.5 x 7.62 x 97.4 cm. kg. Dispenser: 3.2 kg. applications.
Dispenser: 21.5 x 17.0 x 24.4 cm. 63
* For fixed and rotary-wing applications.
* * Programmable SmartStore dispenser.
Interchangeable with Vicon 78.

SIZE WEIGHT NATO # FEATURES

1 x 1 x 8 in. 310 g 1370-01-534-9804 Covert Special Materials, extremely safe to handle.

1370-01-460-1687 - w/decal
36 mm x 5.8 in. 340 g 1370-01-449-0577 Covert Special Materials.
2 x 1 x 8 in. 620 g 1370-01-544-2965 Covert Special Materials.
2 x 3 x 1/4 in. 54 g 1370-01-490-2432 - 16 pack Covert Special Materials.
1370-01-519-7838 - 80 pack
1 x 1 x 8 in. 310 g 1370-01-523-0965 Covert Special Materials.

36 mm x 6 in. 254 g 1370-01-533-0033 Tailored for fast jets.

36 mm x 6 in. 360 g 1370-01-564-8821 Nose-weighted flare for aerodynamic stability.
1 x 1 x 8 in. 185 g 1370-01-048-2138 Suitable for helicopters, transports and modest-signature jets.
1 x 2 x 8 in. 394 g 1370-01-503-1455 High-intensity profile, sealed flare.
1 x 2 x 8 in. 415 g 1370-01-508-9534 Suitable for helicopters, transports and jets.
 TECHNOLOGY SURVEY: AIRBORNE IR DECOYS/FLARES
MODEL EXP TYPE EJECT METHOD COMPATIBILITY
Chemring Countermeasures Ltd; Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK; +44 (0)1722 411611; www.chemringcm.com
118 Mk3 Type 1 MTV flare CCM11 Mk1 impulse cartridge All 1 x 1-in. compatible dispensers

218 Mk3 Type 1 MTV flare CCM21 Mk1 impulse cartridge All 2 x 1-in. compatible dispensers

26mm Mk8 Type 1 MTV flare CCM26 Mk1 Type 1 impulse cartridge All 26-mm compatible dispensers

50mm Mk3 Type 2 MTV flare CCM50 Mk2 Type 2 impulse cartridge All 50-mm compatible dispensers

55mm MTV flare Pyro All 55-mm compatible dispensers

Etienne LACROIX; Muret; France; + 33 5 61 67 79 32; www.etienne-lacroix.com

LIR 110 MTV - free fall Pyro AN/ALE-40, -47 or equivalent systems
LIR 111 Spectral - free fall Pyro AN/ALE-40, -47 or equivalent systems
LIR 121 Spectral - free fall Pyro AN/ALE-40, -47 or equivalent systems
LIR 360 Type 1 MTV - free fall Pyro AN/ALE-39, -47 or equivalent systems
LIR 410 MTV - free fall Pyro MBDA Spirale/Spectra
Israel Military Industries; Ramat Hasharon, Israel; +972-8-89242684; www.imi-israel.com
FG-3 MTV flare M796 or BBU-35 impulse cartridge ALE-40, -47, SAMP 60/120/240, M-130
FG-6 MTV flare BBU-36/B ALE-40, -47, SAMP 60/120/240, M-130
MULTI BLU MTV flare M796 ALE-40, -47, SAMP 60/120/240
Kilgore Flares Company, LLC; Toone, TN, USA; +1-731-658-5231; www.kilgoreflares.com
M206 MTV flare BBU-35/B or M796 impulse cartridge ALE-40, -47, M-130 and similar dispensers
MJU-7A/B MTV flare BBU-36/B impulse cartridge ALE-40, -47, M-130 and similar dispensers
64
MJU-53/B MTV flare BBU-36/B impulse cartridge ALE-40, -47, M-130 and similar dispensers
M212 Spectral flare BBU-35/B or M796 impulse cartridge ALE-40, -47, M-130 and similar dispensers
The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011

KC-002 MTV flare BBU-36/B impulse cartridge ALE-40, -47, M-130 and similar dispensers
Rheinmetall Waffe Munition; Unterluess, Germany; +49 5827 80 6827; www.rheinmetall-defence.com
DM69 A2 Area flare pyro ALE-40, -47, MCP10, etc.
BIRDIE 118 Spectral flare pyro ALE-40, -47, MCP10, M130, etc.
BIRDIE 218 Spectral flare pyro ALE-40, -47, MCP10, M130, etc.
Wallop Defence Systems; Middle Wallop, Hampshire, UK; +44 (0) 1264 781456; www.wallopdefence.com
118 Spectral (DSTL 02) Spectral flare pyro ALE-40, -45, -47, Vicon 78, etc.
218 Spectral (dual – HS2S Mk.1 and DSTL 24) Spectral flare pyro ALE-40, -45, -47, Vicon 78, etc.
Spectral (HS6S) Spectral flare pyro ALE-39B, ALE-47, Vicon 78
SIZE WEIGHT NATO # FEATURES

1 x1 x 8 in. 180 g 1370-99-051-9514 Advanced MTV, spectral, aerodynamic and thrusted variants are also available
in this format.
2 x 1 x 8 in. 380 g 1370-99-225-5931 Advanced MTV, spectral, aerodynamic and thrusted variants are also available
in this format.
26 x 86 mm 76 g 1370-99-985-9089 Direct fit and form replacement for the Former Soviet Union (FSU) L056V type
flare. Spectral variant is also available in this format.
50 x 202 mm 620 g 1370-99-341-9148 Direct replacement to existing Russian PPI-50 flares, and will readily fit into
those dispensers already installed into FSU Aircraft. Spectral variant is also
available in this format.
55 x 200 mm 725 g 1370-99-873-3088 Single and mutli-shot, advanced MTV and spectral variants are also available
in this format.

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011

1 x 1 x 8 in. 180 g 1370-14-564-1179 Conventional MTV IR decoy for helicopters and transports.
2 x 1 x 8 in. 175 g 1370-14-564-7067 Spectral flare for helicopters and transports.
5 x 1 x 8 in. 370 g 1370-14-565-0595 Spectral flare for fast jets.
36 dia. X 148 mm 250 g 1370-14-554-4264 Conventional MTV IR decoy for fast jets.
40 dia. x 150 mm 300 g 1370-14-564-7072 Conventional MTV IR decoy for fast jets.

25 x 25 x 205 mm * * Equivalent to M-206.

25 x 51 x 205 mm * * Equivalent to MJU-7B.
25 x 25 x 205 mm 230 g * For helicopter protection.

1 x 1 x 8 in. 180 g 1370-01-048-2138 Conventional MTV used in the AIRCMM and MIDAS solutions.
1 x 2 x 8 in. 370 g 1370-01-296-8395 Conventional MTV used for transport, helicopters and jets.
65
1 x 2 x 8 in. 370 g 1370-01-503-1455 Conventional MTV, sequenced ignition, high intensity, marinized.
1 x 1 x 8 in. 180 g 1370-01-460-1687, 1370-01-534-3060 Spectral sequenced flare used in the AIRCMM solution.
1 x 2 x 8 in. 370 g * Conventional MTV .

1 x 2 x 8 in. 360 g 1370-12-336-6251 Masking capability.

1 x 1 x 8 in. 150 g 1370-12-368-0173 High bi-spectral decoy.
2 x 1 x 8 in. 305 g 1370-12-366-5771 High bi-spectral decoy.

25 x 25 x 205 mm 140 g 1370-99-812-6042 Protects Lynx, Puma, CH-47, C-130 AH-64 and others.
25 x 50 x 205 mm each 268 g and 250 g 1370-99-235-6484 and 1370-99-133-6543 Protects F-16, C-130, AV-8B and others.36 mm
36 dia. x 148 mm 280 g 1370-99-968-3342 F/A-18, P-3, MH-60.
 Survey Key – Airborne IR Expendables
and Dispensers

AIRBORNE DISPENSERS AIRBORNE IR DECOYS/FLARES

MODEL MODEL
Product name or model number Product name or model number

EXP TYPE EXP TYPE

Each type of expendable that is compatible with the Expendable type
dispenser • MTV = Magnesium/Teflon/Viton
• IR = infrared
• RF = radio frequency EJECT METHOD
• EO = electro-optical Ejection method – Pyro or some other method
• Pyro = pyrotechnic
QUANTITY
Quantity of expendables that can be carried by a dispenser COMPATIBILITY
unit Which types of dispensers will accommodate the IR decoy?

PROGRAMMABLE SIZE
Height x width x length, or diameter, in inches or
INTERFACE millimeters
Interface for control
• MIL-STD = military standards WEIGHT
• PPD = pulse position data Weight in grams
66 • CAN = controller area network
NATO NUMBER
PWR CONSUMED NATO stock number, if applicable
The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011

In standby mode and when expending, in Watts (W)

• VAC = volts alternating current FEATURES
Additional features
SIZE • CCMs = calibration and control materials
Height x width x length, or diameter, in inches or • AIRCMM = Advanced Infrared Countermeasure Munition
centimeters
OTHER ABBREVIATIONS USED
WEIGHT • opt = option/optional
Weight in lb/kg • config = configuration
• < = greater than
FEATURES • > = less than
Additional features •
• RTM = resin transfer molding * Indicates answer is classified, not releasable or no answer
• A/C = aircraft was given.
• LRU = line replaceable unit
• NVG = night vision goggles
• GSE = ground support equipment
AUGUST 2011 PRODUCT SURVEY:
SIGINT/DF Antennas
This survey will cover antennas used for Signals
Intelligence (SIGINT) and Direction Finding (DF).
Please e-mail JEDeditor@naylor.com to request a
questionnaire.
 MARK YOUR CALENDAR
for the 48th Annual AOC International
Symposium & Convention
This year’s theme is “Victory Through the Electro-Magnetic Spectrum”
November 13-16, 2011 • Marriott Wardman Park Hotel • Washington, DC

This is a CAN’T-MISS EVENT for Electronic Warfare

and Information Operations professionals
EW leaders from government, military, industry and academia will
converge in our nation’s capital for four days of discussions on how to
achieve dominance in all warfighting domains.

Learn about the STRATEGIC GOALS FOR EW in

military operations… Professional Development Courses • Panel Discussions
Cutting-Edge Presentations • Classified Sessions

…and visit the Exhibit Hall to CHECK OUT THE LATEST

products and technology. Networking Events • Technology Showcase
Ground-Breaking Research

Any EW professional that wants a greater

understanding of what Electronic Warfare
and Information Operations provides for
the warfighter in modern conflicts needs to
attend the 48th Annual AOC International
Symposium & Convention.

VISIT CROWS.ORG
AND CLICK ON EVENTS
 EW 101

Spectrum Warfare – Part 2

Connectivity
By Dave Adamy

L 
ast month, we discussed the impact of location
on the application of (or defense against) kinetic
weapons. This concept requires that distributed
assets be networked – which requires connectivity.
Because of our dependence on connectivity in our
daily lives and business, an enemy can also cause us
real damage by attacking the connectivity itself. Consider the
economic impact of having our banking system, our rail infra-
structure or our air transportation capability shut down. All of
these, along with many more aspects of our modern economic
and military capabilities, are so dependant on connectivity
that a radio frequency or cyber attack could cause significant
physical damage, loss of military capability or devastating dis-
ruption of economic activity. Before discussing attacks on con-
68 nectivity in more detail, it will be useful to discuss the nature
of connectivity from a technical point of view.
Connectivity can be thought of as any technique for the
The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011
All of the simplest techniques share the advantages of sim-
plicity of implementation and robustness. It is very hard to
“jam” this kind of connectivity. It also requires that an enemy
be relatively close to intercept transmitted information. That
said, security requires diligent measures to prevent an enemy
from successfully employing techniques like hidden micro-
phones or cameras, or even monitoring reflections from lasers
bounced off windows.
However, all of these simple connectivity techniques have
the immense disadvantage of short range. Increasing the range
requires sending a messenger or relaying the information. Both
techniques cause significant increase in complexity, reduce
security against interception and reduce the reliability and
confidence in the accuracy of the information passed. Thus,
it becomes advantageous, even necessary, to employ technical
transmission paths and techniques to extend the range – per-
haps by a few kilometers or perhaps to some significantly dif-

movement of information from one location or “player” to
another. The medium can be wire, radio propagation, opti-
cal propagation or audio propagation. We must also consider
the most basic connectivity; Between two people, two devices
(e.g., computers) or between devices and people.
ferent part of the Earth.
Connectivity Requirements
Regardless of which connectivity technique is employed,
from the simplest to the most complex, the requirements

The most basic connectivity

In its simplest form, connectivity can
be one person talking (or yelling over a
distance) to another person, or optically
transmitting information. Examples of
Optical Information
person-to-person optical transmission BW ~ 375 GHz
are writing on a surface for others to 24 pictures/sec
read, holding up a sign, code with a
steady or flashing light and use of sig-
naling flags (or perhaps smoke). All are,
in fact used to some extent in almost all
of the most sophisticated military and
civilian systems. Even when more tech-
Audible Information
nical transmission techniques are used, BW ~ 15 kHz
the input of information from humans ~ 240 words/min
is by voice or physical input of data
from a keyboard or other touch device.
Getting the information to another hu-
man being can only be done through the
senses of hearing, vision or touch. Figure 1: Human connectivity is limited by physical bandwidth and data format factors.
 E W101

shown in Table 1 must be met. First consider the simplest con- your cell phone at about 1000 Hz. However, tactile communica-
nectivity techniques and the characteristics of the informa- tion is generally limited to alarms that point to more detailed
tion passed: audio or video information.

To or From People Between Machines

Figure 1 shows connectivity with a person. Machine-to-machine or computer-to-computer connectivity
Voice communication: If you have perfect hearing, your is shown in Figure 2. Because computers and other controlled
ears can handle about 15 kHz, but most information is car- machines are not limited to human connectivity rates, this
ried by speech in approximately 4 kHz. Actually, a telephone communication can have much wider bandwidth. Machines

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011

circuit allows only 300 to 3400 Hz to carry the voice signal. In can be direct-wired to each other, using either parallel or se-
order for us to process received data it must be organized into rial interconnectivity, or can be interconnected using a local
syllables or words. We can hear and process about 240 words area network (LAN). The LAN can interconnect machines by
per minute.
Optical communication: Your eyes
have much wider bandwidth. If you can Serial or Parallel
see the full rainbow, you can calculate ELECTRONIC Interface ELECTRONIC
the bandwidth of your eyes from the EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT
red to violet spectrum at about 375,000
GHz. However, we see and process whole
scenes through our eyes. We can see a
new scene 24 times per second. Note COMPUTER
that we see changes in color detail
about half that fast, and can see light
LOCAL
and dark details (luminance) in our pe- 69
AREA COMPUTER
ripheral vision faster. A very practical
value to consider is the effective band-
NETWORK
width at which we get visual data might
Cabled, RF
be an analog color television signal – a
little less than 4 MHz wide.
or Optical
Tactile communication: You can
Links COMPUTER
probably detect vibration at close to the
frequencies you can hear. For example,
you can easily detect the vibration of Figure 2: Short range machine connectivity can be direct or through a cabled, RF or optical LAN.

Table 1: Connectivity Requirements

REQUIREMENT LEVEL
Bandwidth Adequate to carry highest frequency component of information at required throughput rate.

Latency Short enough to allow an activity loop to operate with required performance.

Throughput rate Adequate to pass information at required speed.

Information fidelity Adequate to allow recovery of required information from a received transmission.

Message security Adequate to protect the information for the duration of its usefulness to an enemy.

Transmission security Adequate to prevent a enemy from detecting a transmission in time to prevent required trans-
mission or to locate a transmitter in time to make an effective attack on it or to determine
electronic order of battle in time to effect a military operation.

Interference rejection Adequate to provide required information fidelity in the operating environment.

Jamming resistance Adequate to prevent an enemy with the anticipated jamming capability and geometry from pre-
venting the achievement of adequate information fidelity.
 E W101
digital cable, by RF link, or by optical
link. The rates can be from a few Hertz
to Gigahertz.
Long Range Information Transmission
Now consider the longer-range con-
nectivity techniques that move infor-
mation from one human location to
another (or from one computer location
to another). We will consider each of the
requirements in Table 1.
As shown in Figure 3, the band-
width at the point at which the infor-
mation is input must be adequate to
accept that data. However, the band-
width over which it is transmitted may
be different. If the data flow must be
continuous, the transmission path
70 must have the full input data band-
width. However, if the input data is not
continuous or has a varying data flow
The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011
rate, it can be transmitted at a lower
rate. Practical systems that perform
this way digitize the data and clock it
into a register at the sending end of
the link. Then, the data is clocked out
of the register at a lower rate, which
allows a narrower transmission band-
width. At the receiving end, the data
can (if required) be input to another
register and clocked out at its original
data rate. There are two other factors
that impact the required transmission
bandwidth. One is latency and the sec-
ond is throughput rate.
SOURCE SHIFT
DATA TRANSMITTED DATA
REGISTER
Figure 3: High bandwidth, non-continuous source data can be transmitted at a lower rate and
returned to its original format at the receiver, but with latency.
Latency is the delay in the received
data compared to the transmitted data.
A good demonstration of latency is a
news broadcast involving a local host
talking to a reporter who is half a world
away. The host asks a question and the
reporter is shown standing there look-
ing like an idiot for a few seconds be-
fore answering. The host’s question
travels about 85,000 km to and from
a satellite at the speed of light, which
takes about 2.5 seconds. The reporter’s
response takes another 2.5 seconds to
reach the host’s location. The process la-
tency causes the observed 5 seconds of
blankness on the reporter’s face. There
is additional latency between the host’s
location and your television set, but you
do not notice it because the constant
delay allows you to see a continuous
flow of data.
Latency becomes critical when the
connectivity is inside a process loop.
Let’s say you are far away trying to
manually land an unmanned aerial ve-
hicle. With any significant latency, it
would take extraordinary skill to avoid
crashing the aircraft by over control-
ling. The less latency you can tolerate,
the less transmission bandwidth reduc-
tion you can use. The propagation time
vs. distance is, of course, also a latency
factor.
Throughput rate is the average rate
at which information flows. In general,
SHIFT DELAYED
OUTPUT
REGISTER
DATA
individual pieces of very wideband data
can be transmitted over limited band-
width by spreading them in time. How-
ever, if the average rate of information
flow is higher than the transmission
bandwidth, the latency increases until
the process crashes. A simple example of
this phenomenon is an individual speak-
ing in a foreign language with limited
fluency. The foreign listener typically
does not know some of the words used.
That person can follow a conversation
at some rate, but must mentally review
what has been said to pull unknown
words out of context. This review pro-
cess is part of the information path, and
thus narrows the effective transmission
bandwidth. If the native speaker con-
tinues at too high a rate, the listener’s
review process delay increases the la-
tency until the foreign listener cannot
follow the conversation.
In computer-to-computer commu-
nication, an analogous process is the
storage of wideband data until there is
a pause or a period of lower bandwidth
data that allows the receiving computer
to put the whole data stream back into
the proper format to be processed out.
The amount of latency allowable de-
pends on the available memory in the
receiving computer. When this memory
overflows because of excess throughput
rate, the process crashes.
Typically, a networked system will
get in trouble because of the required
throughput rate rather than the peak
data rate. We will be discussing this fac-
tor in the context of specific EW tasks
later in this series.
What’s Next
Next month, we will continue our
discussion of basic connectivity require-
ments. For your comments and sugges-
tions, Dave Adamy can be reached at
dave@lynxpub.com. a
 2011
Election Guide
Candidates for President-Elect
Vote for One (1)
Lt Gen Robert J. Elder, Jr., USAF,
(Ret.)
Robert Elder joined the research
faculty at George Mason University’s
Volgenau School of Engineering fol-
lowing his retirement from the Air
Force in 2009. As the Commander of
8th Air Force and US Strategic Com-
mand’s Global Strike Component, he
was responsible for nine wings and
one direct reporting unit with 270 aircraft and 41,000 active
duty, civilian, and reserve personnel. General Elder was the
first commander of Air Force Network Operations and led the
development of the cyberspace mission for the Air Force. He
possesses combat experience as an air operations center com-
mander with 83 combat flying hours and has held senior staff
positions in Washington, Europe, and the Middle East. Gen-
eral Elder served as the Commandant of the Air War College,
and holds a doctorate in engineering from the University of
Detroit.
General Elder was appointed an AOC Director in 2009, and
was elected as an At Large Director in 2010. He was the prin-
ciple author of the AOC White Paper, “21st Century Electronic
Warfare,” and now chairs the AOC’s Senior Advisory Board. He
has been an AOC member since 1982.
Lt Col Jesse Bourque, Jr., USAF (Ret.)
Jesse Bourque served 20 years in
the United States Air Force, retiring
as Lieutenant Colonel in June 2010. As
a career Electronic Warfare Officer, he
flew the AC-130H Spectre Gunship and
MC-130H Combat Talon II for nearly
3,000 total hours over 15 years of con-
tinuous combat-ready aviation service,
in near constant contact with mem-
bers of the military services of numerous US Allied and part-
ner nations. His combat/operational deployments and combat
The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011
support operations include operations UPHOLD DEMOCRACY,
DENY FLIGHT, ALLIED FORCE, NOBLE ANVIL, PROVIDE HOPE,
JOINT ENDEAVOR, ENDURING FREEDOM and other unnamed op-
erations. During that time, Mr. Bourque served as the Special
Operations expert for four deployed combat staffs, supporting
operations in Bosnia, Somalia, Serbia, and Haiti.
After his aviation service, he was posted to the Air Force IO
Center, from which he was promptly deployed to OIF to serve as
the Director of the MNC-I EW Cell. During this deployment, he
deconstructed and rebuilt existing processes, increased asset 71
availability/efficiency, added operators to the Cell, resulting
in increased support to SOF, shifted focus from reactive to pro-
active use of EW assets, and reduced numbers of Coalition Force
killed and wounded. As a result of his efforts, Mr. Bourque was
requested by name to help build US Strategic Command’s newly
reinstated Joint Electronic Warfare Center, as its Operations
Officer. During this posting, his expertise in EW, planning, or-
ganizational dynamics, operational analysis, communication,
presentation and networking were directly responsible for el-
evating the flagging condition of Joint EW to the attention of
officers and civilians at the highest levels of the Department
of Defense.
Since 2008, Mr. Bourque has served on the AOC’s Board of
Directors, actively engaging in discussions shaping the status
and future directions of the Association. In recognition of his
contributions, he was appointed and now serves as the Asso-
ciation’s Secretary on the Executive Committee, indicating the
exceptional faith and trust placed in him by the most senior
members of the Association’s leadership. His 57 career military
awards include the Defense Meritorious Service Medal, Merito-
rious Service Medal (2), Air Medal (4), Air Force Aerial Achieve-
ment Medal (5), Joint Service Commendation Medal, Air Force
Commendation Medal (2), Joint Service Achievement Medal,
Air Force Achievement Medal (2), Combat Readiness Medal (5),
Air Force Recognition Ribbon, Iraq Campaign Medal (2), Kosovo
Campaign Medal, Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal (4), Global
War on Terrorism Medal (2), Humanitarian Service Medal, and
the NATO Medal, et al.
 Events for
International Attendees
INFOWARCON
August 29-September 1, 2011
The NATO School | Oberammergau, Germany
Our intensive three-day conference explores regional threats and the emerging technologies used by cyber
professionals—from government, military, industry and academia—to defend against cyber-warfare, electronic attack
and information warfare.

The AOC is co-sponsored by EUCOM and the NATO IO School to

present the InfowarCon Europe 2011 Conference.
Don’t miss this unique conference! Key individuals will
present thought-provoking viewpoints on information
operations issues and the battle for ideas and information.
Interactive sessions and panel discussions give you access
to experts and professionals to answer your questions and
provide solutions.
The conference explores:
The use of new media to support uprisings in Egypt,
Maghreb and elsewhere
Exploiting commercial cyber intelligence
Importance of EW in cyber
Military ops on commercial infrastructure
Introducing communications into denied areas

AOC Educational Courses

The field of EW is an increasingly complex one, and it’s important to
provide students with knowledge to understand what EW provides for the
warfighter in modern conflicts.
The AOC’s re-launched professional development program provides
military, government and industry professionals with the tools to perform
in today’s environment and create developmental strategies superior to
potential adversary capabilities.

Course Dates Instructor Location

Fundamental Principles of EW July 11-15 Dave Adamy Alexandria, VA
Introduction to Information Operations (IO) August 2-5 Leigh Armistead Alexandria, VA
Directed Infrared Countermeasures (DIRCM) Principles August 4-5 John Minor Palmdale, CA
Introduction to Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Unmanned Aerial
August 8-12 John Minor Palmdale, CA
Systems (UAS)
Electro-Optics & Infrared (EO/IR) Fundamentals for EW Engineers and Managers August 15-19 John Minor Palmdale, CA
September
ELINT and Modern Signals Dick Wiley Alexandria, VA
20-23
September or
ECM Effectiveness Evaluation Course Trevor Tucker TBD
October (TBD)
Advanced EW October (TBD) Dave Adamy Alexandria, VA

*Accurate at time of printing. Schedule updates are posted on the AOC website.

For more information, visit crows.org or call +1-703-549-1600.

 Mr. Bourque is now employed with the Northrop Grum-
man Corporation, Technical Services sector, in the integra-
tion and development of EM Spectrum Warfare capabilities and
opportunities.
William R. “Buck” Clemons
Buck Clemons was re-elected to his
second term as a member of the Board
of Directors in 2008. He wishes to con-
tinue his service to help the Associa-
tion through these times of change
as President. As the AOC adapts to a
changing EW environment, he has
both championed and supported the
necessary adaptations to stop the fall
of membership and has worked with the entire team to turn
around the Association. He has actively participated in Capitol
Hill Awareness Day for the past four years and has led the re-
vitalization of the Redstone Roost. He has served on many AOC
committees and actively participated in all Board activities.
He chaired the 2007 Nominations and Elections Committee,
successfully recruiting the essential number of candidates. He
was the Chairman of the Membership Committee and worked
on over 16 initiatives to improve member and chapter support
provided by the National Headquarters. As AOC President, he
hopes to advance the development of the certification/educa-
tion program and the Information Operations Institute.
Buck currently works as a consultant, providing business
development for companies in the Huntsville/Redstone Arsenal
community. He has helped companies develop and market mis-
sile warning systems, hostile fire indication systems, chaff/
flare dispenser systems, and he has completed several require-
ments analyses for EW systems. Most recently, he has won work
with the Aviation/Missile Research, Development, and Engi-
neering Center to draft DODAF documents derived from the US
Army Aircraft Survivability Initial Capabilities Document. He
is actively involved in local chapter and community events.
Prior to this, Buck was a Tactical Operations (TACOPS) Of-
ficer in the US Army and was the Commanders subject matter
expert on EW. He attended the US Army EW Officer Course in
1998, and was tracked into TACOPS after he attended the Air
Force’s Joint Air Operations Command and Control Course in
mid-2000. After that he served tours as a TACOPS Officer in
Korea and Fort Stewart, GA, where he retired from the Army.
CAPT Douglas Swoish, USN (Ret.)
Doug has actively served the IO/EW
community and the AOC for more than
31 years, in uniform and industry.
He was honored with the AOC’s Colo-
nel Anton D. Brees Life Achievement
Award (LAA) in 2009, for his involve-
ment at the international, national,
regional and local levels.
While in uniform, Doug served in a
variety of naval command, operational, and Washington, DC,
leadership positions. He commanded two EA-6B squadrons in
the 1990’s, VAQ-138 which received the CNO Radford EW award,
and VAQ-129, with responsibility for USN/USMC EA-6B/EW
flight training. Post command, he was assigned to the Joint
Staff/J6, where he was responsible for directing DOD’s elec-
tromagnetic spectrum (EMS) policy, interfacing with senior
leadership of the OMB, NSC, OSD, FCC, NTIA, Capitol Hill and
NATO. He directed a department-wide EMS reorganization to
help the DOD better understand and respond to proposed US
government sales of spectrum. His final military tour was as
Commander, Electronic Attack Wing, US Pacific Fleet, respon-
sible for 18 deployable EA-6B commands and 4,000 personnel
in uniform. During his tours, he served on the local chapter’s
board, leading chapter events and speaking at a number of
international, regional and local AOC symposiums. He received
The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011
the Navy League’s 2002 “Admiral Perry Leadership Award,” and
the 2002 AOC National “Operations Award” for his efforts.
Since retiring from the Navy, Doug has been employed in
industry for nine years. He is currently the EA-18G Program
Director/IPT lead responsible for technical AEA performance,
schedule and cost at Northrop Grumman. In addition to being
an industry IPT leader, he has been part of the AOC’s New York
Metropolitan Chapter BOD, leading the scholarship, awards,
membership and program committees. In 2009, he was awarded
the Metropolitan Chapter’s “Distinguished Service Award.”
Doug was elected to back-to-back tours on the AOC National
Board of Directors (BOD), serving from 2002 to 2010. He served
as the AOC National Treasurer from 2006 to 2009. Key staff in-
volvement included participation on the Symposium, Awards,
and Government Affairs Committees. As a member of the Ex- 73
ecutive Committee (EXCOM) he directed annual budgets, while
focusing on staff and committee involvement, and growth in
the reserve accounts. He had the challenge of addressing the
economic recession in those years, and worked to ensure that
the AOC was in a growth position as we exited – and it is!
Doug’s platform is to continue the AOC’s growth as an as-
sociation of EW professionals in uniform, in government and
in industry. We need to address membership and how we grow,
particularly as our association’s demographics and chapter
membership are challenged in this information age. We must
develop a more vibrant “network” with our national/inter-
national non-kinetic warfighters, our dedicated government
acquisition professionals, and our industry teammates. In ad-
dition, we must re-invigorate our “annual Capitol Hill inter-
face,” it is a way to educate our country’s political leadership.
We need to continue economically to make the right choices
in staff personnel, JED and investments, to ensure AOC grows,
while remaining clearly focused on EW/EMS, in support of the
warfighter.
 Candidates for At-Large Director
Vote for Three (3)
Col Robin Vanderberry, USAF
Robin Vanderberry is Director of
USSTRATCOM’s Joint Electromagnetic
Preparedness for Advanced Combat (JE-
PAC) organization, where he commands
a joint, multidisciplinary team coordi-
nating with Services and supporting
organizations; analyzing and assess-
ing current and future electromagnetic
spectrum capabilities and vulnerabili-
ties to provide findings, conclusions and recommendations to
the Office of the Secretary of Defense, Joint Staff, combatant
commands, Services and other appropriate agencies.
Colonel Vanderberry enlisted in the Air Force in 1979 and
was commissioned upon graduation from the Air Force Acade-
my in 1985. He has held a variety of flying, staff, command and
joint assignments, including linguist, EW officer, instructor,
evaluator, weapons officer, USAF Weapons School instructor,
operational tester, command staff officer, Joint Test Director
and Commander. Recognized as a Combat Air Forces EW and
stealth expert, he was selected to serve as operational repre-
sentative to the requirements development and source selec-
tion teams for the Joint Strike Fighter. He and his team were
recognized as OSD’s NDIA Tester and Test Team of the Year for
74 their seminal work on Electronic Protection under the JEPAC
Joint Test.
Colonel Vanderberry holds a Bachelor of Science in Engineer-
The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011
ing from USAFA and a Masters of Aeronautical Science in Aero-
nautics and Operations. A career EWO with more than 2,500
flying hours, he has supported operations DESERT SHIELD,
DESERT STORM, DENY FLIGHT, SOUTHERN WATCH, ENDURING
FREEDOM, and IRAQI FREEDOM as a combat aviator, operational
planner and C2 expert.
Colonel Vanderberry is focused on advancing understanding
of Electromagnetic Spectrum Operations’ pivotal role in 21st
century warfare.
Joseph “HULTEC” Hulsey
Joe Hulsey is a 35-year EW practi-
tioner, advocate, educator, tester and
program manager. He served 21 years
in the US Navy, including tours in VAQ-
137 and VAQ-135 EA-6B squadrons, as
a flight tester in VX-5 (now VX-9) and
tours as Carrier Group EWO and at Na-
val Air Systems Command as a Program
Manager in the EA-6B program office.
While at NAVAIR, his responsibilities included EA-6B R&D ef-
forts, ALQ-99 jammers, EW mission planning and integrating
HARM on the EA-6B. HARM integration was accomplished in
just 18 months.
Since his retirement from the Navy in 1989, he has been
an industry program manager for a multitude of EW programs,
including the ALQ-149, USQ-113, IDECM, Compass Call, TEAMS
mission planning system, EA-6B ICAP III and, most notably, the
EA-18G program. Funding for the USQ-113 and EA-6B ICAP III
was in part the result of his congressional lobbying efforts. Joe
has worked with the Navy, Marine Corps, Army and Air Force in
defining, developing, supporting and leading the development
of EW systems. He now works in Business Development.
Joe currently teaches EW and IW for American Military Uni-
versity and EW courses for the AOC.
Col Marc L. “Mags” Magram, USMC
(Ret.)
Marc Magram recently retired after
serving more than 25 years in the Unit-
ed States Marine Corps. In July 2010, he
became the Senior Principal Analyst for
Atkinson Aeronautics & Technology.
While in the Marine Corps, he flew
A-6E Intruder and EA-6B Prowler air-
craft, accruing more than 3,000 flight
hours. During his USMC career, Colonel Magram held several
squadron level and department head positions and served as both
the Executive and Commanding Officer of VMAQ-4. His opera-
tional experience includes deployments in support of operations
IRAQI FREEDOM, NORTHERN WATCH, DENY FLIGHT, DECISIVE EN-
DEAVOR as well as numerous unit deployments to Iwakuni, Japan.
In 2005, Colonel Magram was tasked with re-standing the
Joint Electronic Warfare Center in San Antonio, TX, and he
served as its first Director until August 2008 making opera-
tional support of EW the hallmark of his service. He completed
his military career with a two-year overseas tour to III MEF,
Okinawa, Japan, where he forward deployed to Operation IRAQI
FREEDOM. He holds a Bachelors of Science Degree from Rutgers
University and a Master of Arts Degree from Air University,
Maxwell AFB. His personal decorations include the Defense Su-
perior Service Medal, Legion of Merit, Bronze Star Medal, as
well as other awards and ribbons. He was the 2008 recipient of
the AOC’s Executive Management Award.
Marc is seeking an AOC Director at Large position to con-
tinue serving Joint Electronic Warfare and ensuring the AOC
remains the pre-eminent organization among EW/IO profes-
sionals as we prepare for the challenging road ahead.
LtCol Ronald D. “Fog” Hahn, USMC
(Ret.)
Mr. Hahn served twenty years in
the United States Marine Corps, retir-
ing in August 2005. As a Naval Flight
Officer, he flew EA-6B’s and accrued
more than 2,000 flight hours in the
Prowler. Mr. Hahn’s deployments in
support of combat operations include
operations NORTHERN WATCH, DENY
FLIGHT, SOUTHERN WATCH, ALLIED FORCE, JOINT ENDEAVOR,
ENDURING FREEDOM, and IRAQI FREEDOM. Mr. Hahn served as
the Command EW Officer for USCENTCOM during Operation EN-
DURING FREEDOM and Special Operations Team Chief for USSO-
COM, deploying in support of operations ENDURING FREEDOM
and IRAQI FREEDOM.
Following his retirement from military service, Mr. Hahn
was hired as a Department of the Air Force Civil Servant (GG-
14) and served as the JIOWC Special Operations Deputy Team
Chief. In the summer of 2006, he assumed the duties of Deputy
Director of the Joint Electronic Warfare Center (JEWC) and, in
April 2008, was promoted to GG-15.
Mr. Hahn holds a Bachelors of Science Degree in Econom-
ics from the University of Delaware and a Masters of Arts
Degree in Military Science from American University. His per-
sonal military awards include the Bronze Star, Defense Meri-
torious Service Medal, Meritorious Service Medal, Air Medal
Heroic with combat V and gold star, Strike Flight Air Medal
with numeral “5,” Air Force Aerial Achievement Medal, Joint
Service Commendation Medal, Navy-Marine Commendation
Medal with gold star and the Navy-Marine Corps Achievement
Medal. As a civil servant, Mr. Hahn has been awarded the Air
Force Exemplary Civilian Service Award and Global War on
Terrorism Medal.
Lisa K. Frugé
Lisa Frugé’s career in EW began in
1997 as a Palace Acquire Intern for In-
ternational Logistics at Robins AFB, GA,
joining the AOC in 1998. From 1997 to
2006, Lisa worked intra-agency policy
associated with the release of EW criti-
cal technologies on numerous EW and
sensor programs including ALR-69, ALQ-
131, ALQ-184, ALR-62 and the ALQ-213.
Lisa joined TERMA in 2006 as their Senior Program Manag-
er, assisting with standing up the company’s North American
office. At TERMA, Lisa was responsible for domestic US Air
Force and Foreign Military Sales EW production and integra-
tion programs. In 2009, Lisa joined BAE Systems as its Field
Marketing USAF Systems and Requirements Manager in War-
ner Robins, GA.
As President of the Dixie Crow Chapter in 2010, Lisa led the
Chapter to receive double honors: the AOC’s 2010 Large Chapter
of the Year and the 2010 Chapter with the largest increase of
membership. In her fourth year, Lisa continues to lead the Di-
xie Crow Chapter’s steadily increasing Annual Education Foun-
dation Budget (now $43K), supporting Houston County High
School Seniors and local colleges and universities, as well as
our military and civilian workforce. In addition, Lisa has been
a driving force for the Annual Southern Regional EW Techni-
cal Symposium for the past seven years, serving as either the
Technical Committee Chair or Chapter President.
If elected to the AOC Board, Lisa has two goals that she be-
lieves will make our organization more creditable and relevant:
1. Advancing educational opportunities through mentorship
and scholarships to improve our profession.
2. Improving access to technology for our international part-
ners while maintaining proper security controls.
Mark Schallheim
Mr. Schallheim has been an EW En-
gineer and Manager at the Naval Air
Warfare Center, Point Mugu, for over
35 years. He is currently the NAVAIR
EMS Dominance Chief Engineer. He
has spent most of his government
career leading a government and in-
dustry engineering team supporting
EA-6B, EA-18G, NGJ AEA systems, and
other EA programs. In addition to new acquisition support
The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011
and organic software and system support to deployed Navy
and USMC forces, he has supported Air Force and Army EA.
He provided EW Engineer SMEs to Army Headquarters during
the standup of the EW Division, and personally provided EW
Analyst support to Colonel Laurie Moe Buckhout. He has also
been involved in joint and international EW research and de-
velopment since the 1970s.
Mark’s past EW accomplishments and leadership roles in-
clude: AEA AoA; Counter IED; Intrepid Tiger; EA-18G AEA SDD;
and EA-6B acquisition and Block upgrades, including integra-
tion of receivers, jammers, Link 16, HARM, EW battle manage-
ment, threat database and mission planning systems. Mark’s
education includes BSEE and MSEE from University of Califor-
nia, as well as an MBA.
Joining AOC in 1983, Mark has a passion for the advance- 75
ment of EW technology and operations. He has served for four
years as the Mugu Crows Chapter President, and he has spon-
sored annual scholarships, community outreach, multiple EW
educational luncheons and expanded the scope of the Point
Mugu Annual EW Symposium.
As Director, he will focus on promoting EW awareness, AOC
growth and education, and collaboration between EW and In-
tel, cyber, JEMSO and others.
CAPT Kenneth “Kilo” Parks, USN
(Ret.)
Kenneth “Kilo” Parks has been ac-
tively engaged in the EW and IO com-
munities for over 33 years. He is a
recognized leader both in and out of
uniform.
After graduating from the Univer-
sity of Mississippi, he was commis-
sioned an Ensign in the US Navy and
reported for flight school training earning his ‘Wings of Gold’
in 1977. He is a retired Naval Officer with more than 26 years
of military operational experience. He has served in the EW/
IO arena at the highest levels of leadership.
Ken has led three EW/IO military commands: Commanding
the Fleet Information Warfare Center, Electronic Attack Squad-
ron 129 (VAQ 129) and Electronic Attack Squadron 139 (VAQ
139). Additionally, he has worked numerous EW/IO issues at
the OPNAV, SYSCOM and TYCOM levels.
 Ken is a recognized leader in EW and integrated air defense
systems (IADS). As an instructor at Naval Strike Warfare Center
(NSWC), he was the Red Force Commander for Carrier Air Wing
training. He also occupied a Red Force position at the Nellis
AFB complex during the same period.
His awards include the David R. Dillon Inspirational Leader-
ship Award, EA-6B Instructor of the Year for the Fleet Replace-
ment Squadron (VAQ 129), Tailhooker of the Year and Top Hook
(Top Recruiter) for the Tailhook Association.
Ken has worked at various levels within local Roosts from
Roost member (Prowler Roost), to Chairman of committees to
Tidewater Chapter President. His accomplishments have in-
cluded increasing membership in the Tidewater Chapter and re-
engaging various EW/IO commands locally and on the national
scene. At the National level he has served as an AOC At-Large
Director and Treasurer.
Ken is currently a Business Development Manager in indus-
try, specializing in EW and C4I issues and programs. He has
worked or led numerous programs, including Counter Impro-
vised Explosive Device (CIED), FORCEnet Requirements and As-
sessments and Concept of Operations (CONOPS) for numerous
EW and IO systems. If elected, he will work to increase and
broaden membership in the AOC, much like he has achieved at
the chapter level.
Vincent J. Battaglia
Vince has previously served on the
Board of Directors as the Southern Pa-
76 cific Regional Director. He also serves
as President of the Greater Los Angeles
AOC Chapter, a position he has held
The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011
since 1998. As a member of the AOC
since 1972, he has actively participat-
ed in many conventions, conferences,
symposiums and focus studies in sup-
port of the AOC. He is a recipient of the AOC’s Management
medal, the Technology Award and the Lifetime Achievement
Award. Vince is currently employed at Raytheon Space and
Airborne Systems and is a member of the Electronics Center
Technical Staff. He has held prior technical and business man-
agement positions with Northrop, Litton, Varian, AIL and ITT.
Vince received a Bachelor of Science Degree at City University
of NY, a Master’s Degree in Physics from Adelphi University and
an Executive Master’s Degree in Business Management from
Northwestern University.
As an AOC Director, Vince will provide his experience, ener-
gies and commitment to growing the AOC’s role and visibility
at the forefront of the military defense community. His broad
community recognition and personal relationships will benefit
the AOC in getting its message presented and accepted. His
proactive management style will assist in bringing together
the AOC’s overall organizational strength to the individual
chapters and to the National Headquarters.
Vince is a strong supporter of the importance of recognizing
the organizations members and the individual chapters.
Col Stan L. VanderWerf, USAF (Ret.)
Col Stan VanderWerf, USAF (Ret.),
completed his military career earlier
this year with extensive EW, com-
batant command, program office,
intelligence, joint and international
assignments. As the Chief, EW/Avi-
onics Division, at Robins AFB, GA, he
ran a 380-person organization with
450-plus products in use DOD-wide.
He was responsible for development, procurement and sus-
tainment of 26,000 stock-listed items with over 1 million
fielded systems; ran one of its EW reprogramming centers;
and led a large EW Foreign Military Sales office serving more
than 30 countries.
As co-chair of the Air Force’s EW Technical Advisory Group
(TAG), he contributed to Air Force-wide enterprise-level EW
strategy, doctrine, organization, training, material, leadership
and facilities improvements. In addition, he developed a vision
for future EW and contributed to the development of the Air
Force’s new EW Vision 2030.
Stan served as an integrated Surface to Air Missile systems
analyst at the National Air and Space Intelligence Center. He
has served joint tours at SOCOM, CENTCOM, and NORTHCOM, and
as a former Defense Contract Management Agency Commander.
He is a Distinguished Graduate of the Industrial College of the
Armed Forces and holds Industrial Engineering, International
Relations, and National Resource Strategy Degrees. Stan has
been published on numerous EW topics and has conducted re-
search into IO doctrine.
Colonel VanderWerf is interested in using his experience to
help the AOC and its members improve EW and IO capabilities
and make the AOC more relevant to the government, industry
and our coalition partners.
Douglas “Chopper” Lamb
Douglas “Chopper” Lamb is a 28-
year Air Force veteran with nearly
3,000 fighter hours who has been ac-
tively involved in developing EW re-
quirements based on war experiences
and testing fighter EW capabilities.
Chopper’s EW experience includes com-
bat in Viet Nam, working closely with
engineers and flight testing. In the
422nd Fighter Weapons Squadron he was the F-15 Tactical Elec-
tronic Warfare System (TEWS) flight test manager.
In HQ USAF, Chopper was actively involved in POM develop-
ment and achieving funding for new EW capabilities. He man-
aged test range programs and facilities used to develop, test
and conduct EW training. In DIA as the Technology Assess-
ments Group Chief, he was responsible for developing Integrat-
ed Air Defense System (IADS) studies and validated Services’
threat documents required to acquire and test EW systems.
Chopper managed the DOD’s Foreign Materiel Acquisition/Ex-
ploitation activities leading to improvements in our EW sys-
tems against major threats.
 Currently, at SAIC he is involved in EW systems develop-
ment. Chopper is an active member in the Capitol Chapter,
holding numerous positions including President and Chair-
man of the Capitol Chapter/Naval Research Laboratory An-
nual Technical EW Symposium. While President, the Capitol
Chapter won the AOC’s Outstanding Large Chapter Award for
2008-2009 and 2009-2010. Chopper seeks a National Board
of Director position to continue advocating increased EW/IO
capabilities for warfighters and to identify and implement
activities to stimulate AOC membership growth and par-
ticipation at all levels. He also plans to focus on increasing
multi-national participation in all AOC activities to foster as-
sociation growth.
Stephen Hayden
Mr. Hayden is the Director, Plans
and Programs, National Air and Space
Intelligence Center, WPAFB, OH. He is
responsible for the Center’s strategic
planning, programming, readiness and
operational requirements. His career
spans 35 years within the state and
federal government.
Candidate for
Southern Region Director
Col Wesley J. Heidenreich, USAF
(Ret.)
Mr. Heidenreich first joined the As-
sociation of Old Crows (AOC) in 1973,
near the beginning of his 39-plus-year
career in EW. He currently serves on
the AOC National BOD as the Southern
Regional Director, and as Chairman of
the Board’s Constitution and Bylaws
Committee.
Wes’ 30-year military career mostly involved work in the de-
fense suppression arena, followed by continuing employment
as a defense contractor. During this time, he’s been actively in-
volved in three AOC chapters, culminating with the Dixie Crow
Chapter where he currently serves as Immediate Past President.
Wes has served four years as Chapter president, four years as
Chapter Secretary, one year as Chapter Treasurer, and three
years as Chapter Advisor. Additionally, Wes is active in help-
ing to organize and conduct the annual Dixie Crow Regional
Technical Symposium, which generates approximately $43,000
per year in scholarships and grants for deserving military, civil
service, and dependent personnel pursuing educational de-
grees. For his work in supporting the AOC, Wes was recognized
in 2010 with a National Lifetime Achievement Award.
Within the Foreign Technology Division, Mr. Hayden garnered
national interest in utilizing foreign electro-optical assets as
data sources. He rotated to Washington, DC, and represented the
intelligence community on space policy discussions/decisions
and traveled to Vienna, Austria, to negotiate the sensor portion
of the Open Skies Treaty and crafted final treaty language.
Mr. Hayden stood-up the National Policy Integration Divi-
sion within the new National Air Intelligence Center (NAIC)
and developed working relationships with executive levels at
national agencies and developed new NAIC production prod-
ucts/processes for executive level consumption. In 2003, he
was selected to become the senior intelligence analyst for the
Electronic Systems Division, bringing national attention of the
electronics data work not only to the operational community
The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011
but also to the seniors within DOD. As Director of the C4/Net
Warfare Squadron at NASIC, Mr. Hayden was responsible for
guiding an 85 member staff in providing C4 network defense
intelligence and involved in implementing and directing the
Comprehensive National Cyber Initiative within NASIC. As Se-
nior Intelligence Officer for the Under Secretary of Defense for
Intelligence, Technical Collection and Analysis office in Wash-
ington, DC, Mr. Hayden created new policy and processes for
intelligence support to acquisition programs.
“As the current Southern Regional Director, I’d appreciate 77
the opportunity to continue serving our members. The knowl-
edge and expertise I’ve been fortunate enough to gain over the
past several years will serve me well in working to expand the
AOC’s already excellent support for individual members, while
simultaneously encouraging continuation of the record growth
in corporate sponsorships that the Association has enjoyed
over the past few years.”
Candidate for Mountain-West
Region Director
Lt Col Wayne L. Shaw, USAF (Ret.)
Wayne is a retired US Air Force of-
ficer working for Booz Allen Hamil-
ton. His military decorations include
bronze stars, air medals, the Navy
“Battle E” and the Navy Commenda-
tion medal. He has served as an EWO
in the B-52, B-1B, EF-111, and the EA-
6B. Wayne was Department Head of a
Navy squadron and then an instructor
at the EA-6B Weapons School. On the Air Staff, he was the pro-
grammer for USAF EW programs (e.g., MALD-J). As CENTCOM’s
EW Shop Chief in the Middle East for a year, he supervised
 members from all US military services, as well as coalition
personnel, and worked operational EW and RF spectrum issues
from all domains for the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.
At the Joint EW Center, he worked on the “EW Functional
Solutions Analysis,” before retiring from the Air Force in 2009.
Now, working in the JIOWC for JFCOM on the Joint IO Range, he
is charged with injecting more EW into IOR events.
Wayne has grassroots AOC experience as a small chapter
president in the late 1980s, when his chapter won “Chapter of
the Year.” He was also Red River Chapter President in the early
1990s. He received awards for contributions to EW and was the
USAF recipient of the AOC Joint EW award in 2009, and voted
by his fellow chapter Board members as the 2009 and 2010 Billy
Mitchell Chapter “Director of the Year.”
Candidate for Northeast
Region Director
Charles Benway
Mr. Benway is a Past President of
the Patriot’s Roost Chapter and cur-
rent Member of the Board of Directors.
He is an active member of the Annual
Net-centric Operations Conference
78 Committee that brings together senior
officials across services, government
agencies and industry to discuss and
The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011
move initiatives forward; and gener-
ates the majority of funds for Chapter
scholarships.
Charlie has more than 23 years experience managing defense
programs in the areas of Cyber/Net-centric; Command, Control,
Intelligence, Reconnaissance and Surveillance; Air-Delivered
Weapons; Enterprise Information; and Networking and Com-
puting. As the Oasis Systems Inc Chief Operating Officer, he led
company strategic development and provided executive man-
agement of business development, program management, and
all business operations. After joining Oasis in October 2001, he
planned and implemented Oasis’ successful expansion growing
the enterprise from 30 people and $2.5 million in annual rev-
enues to over 400 people and $60 million in annual revenues in
2010 with a contract portfolio valued at $360M.
Prior to becoming Oasis COO he was Senior Vice President,
Systems Engineering Group (SEG) for ACS Defense, Inc., where
he successfully developed and managed an IT, engineering,
acquisition, technical and management services organization
with a global technical workforce of over 650 professionals.
Charlie has taken his corporate knowledge and experience to
the AOC where he has reinforced the chapter’s positive pres-
ence and impact within the New England government, corpo-
rate, and academic communities and now wishes to support the
Northeast Region’s continued success.
2011 On-Line Voting
Instructions
Beginning July 1, you can visit the AOC homepage,
www.crows.org, where you will see election information and
a link to electionsonline.us, the independent vendor that will
conduct the on-line election. Once into the electionsonline.
us website, type in your AOC member number and password.
The website will direct you to your ballot, where you can make
your selections. If you have not registered on the AOC website,
you need to use your membership number and “crows” as the
password. Your membership number can be found on the mail-
ing label of your copy of JED, your membership card or you may
call AOC headquarters for assistance.
Your dues must be current as of May 15 to vote. If your
membership has lapsed, you may call the AOC to have your
access to the election activated once your dues are paid. As
with past AOC elections, your ballot is secret. No one at the
AOC (members, directors or headquarters staff) will be able
to access completed ballots during or after the elections.
Electionsonline.us will hold all completed ballots, tabulate
them and send the results to the AOC when the election is com-
plete. Once you have cast your on-line vote, electionsonline.
us will send you an e-mail confirming that they have received
your completed ballot. Providing your e-mail address is not es-
sential for voting, but it is necessary in order to receive e-mail
confirmation that your vote was processed.
PAPER BALLOTS
For those AOC members who do not want to vote on-line,
the AOC will provide paper ballots and election guides upon
request. Members who prefer to vote via paper ballot may re-
quest to do so by submitting a Ballot Request Form no later
than June 25, 2011. The AOC will then send out paper bal-
lots to those members July 1. As the election authenticator,
electionsonline.us will open your ballot and enter your votes
into the computer. To avoid any chance of a member being able
to vote more than one time, you may not vote on-line after you
have requested and have been sent a paper ballot. a
AOC Member Page

Join the Rebirth of the Tidewater Crows

The Tidewater Roost of the Associa-
tion of Old Crows is rebuilding into a
new, more focused AOC chapter. The AOC
Tidewater Roost Steering Committee
met this spring to discuss a way ahead
for the organization. They are current-
Visit the AOC
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ly developing a strategic plan to make
sure the roost meets the needs of the
Hampton Roads members. If you want to
join the roost, participate in the effort
Find Your Logo Merchandise in the AOC Store
From books to ties, coins to coffee
mugs, the AOC’s online store has all the
logoed merchandise you need, along
to shape the future Tidewater Roost, or
serve on the Board of Directors, contact
Glorianne O’Neilin at National AOC HQ
oneilin@crows.org.
sentials of Electronic Warfare hand-
book. Online ordering is easy, so visit
www.crows.org today and click on the

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011

Post your résumé on AOC Career Cen- with educational resources like the Es- banner for the AOC Store.
ter, located at http://jobs.crows.org!
Even if you are not currently looking for
a new job, it makes sense to post your Join the AOC on Facebook, LinkedIn and Twitter
résumé – you never know what opportu-
The AOC is on your favorite social networking sites. Visit us at the links below
nities might be available. And your par-
and join the EW community in our online discussions:
ticipation attracts more and better job
listings, improves the career prospects Facebook: search The Association of Old Crows (http://www.facebook.com/pages/
of your fellow members and strengthens The-Association-of-Old-Crows/108812005833804)
your professional community at large.
LinkedIn: search Association of Old Crows in groups (http://www.linkedin.com/
The AOC Career Center offers FREE and
groups?gid=47520)
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control, easy job application, the ability Twitter: @aoccrows
to save jobs and much more.
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 AOC Industry and Institute/University Members
SUSTAINING Applied Geo Technologies Esterline Defense Group MiKES Microwave Electronic SRI International
Agilent Technologies Applied Signal Technology ET Industries Systems Inc. Strategic Influence
Applied Research Associates ARINC, Inc. ETM Electromatic Inc. Milso AB Alternatives, Inc.
Inc. Aselsan A.S. e2v MITEQ, Inc. Subsidium
Argon ST ATDI EW Simulation The MITRE Corporation Sunshine Aero Industries
BAE SYSTEMS ATK Missile Systems Company Technology Ltd MRSL SURVICE Engineering Co.
Avalon Electronics, Inc. EWA-Australia Pty Ltd. Multiconsult Srl Symetrics Industries, LLC
The Boeing Company
Azure Summit Technologies, GBL Systems My-konsult Sypris Data Systems
Chemring Group Plc
Inc. Gigatronics Inc. New World Solutions, Inc. Systematic Software
DRS Defense Solutions
Battlespace Simulations, Inc. Honeywell International Nova Defence Engineering
Electronic Warfare
Bharat Electronics Ltd. Huber + Suhner Nurad Technologies, Inc Systems & Processes
Associates, Inc. Engineering Corp.
Elettronica, SpA Blackhawk Management Hutchins & Associates, Inc. Ophir RF Inc.
Corporation Optocon USA, Division of SystemWare Inc.
General Dynamics Impact Science & Technology
Booz & Allen Hamilton Impulse Tactical Technologies Inc.
ITT Innovationszentrum Fur
CACI International Orion International Tadiran Electronic
Northrop Grumman Telekommunikation
CAE Technologies Systems Ltd.
Corporation -stechnik GmbH (IZT) TASC
CAP Wireless, Inc. Integrated Microwave Overlook Systems Technology
Raytheon Company TCI International
Ceralta Technologies Inc. Technologies, LLC Overwatch Systems Ltd.
Rockwell Collins Tech Resources, Inc.
Clausewitz Technology ITCN, Inc. Parker Aerospace (SprayCool)
Saab Technical Information
Cobham DES M/A-Com Phoenix International Systems,
TASC iVeia, LLC Products & Services LLC (TIPS)
Comtech PST Inc.
Thales Communications Jabil Circuit Technology Management
CPI Plath, GmbH
Thales Aerospace Division JB Management, Inc. Consultants
Crane Aerospace & Electronics Protium Technologies, Inc.
JT3, LLC TECOM Industries
Group QUALCOMM
INSTITUTE/UNIVERSITY CSIR
Keragis Corporation
Queued Solutions, L.L.C.
TEK Microsystems, Inc.
Georgia Tech Research Institute KMIC Technology Tektronix, Inc.
CSP Associates Rafael-Electronic
Mercer Engineering KOR Electronics, Inc. Tektronix Component Solutions
Cubic Defense Systems Div.
Research Center L-3 Communications Teledyne Technologies
Curtiss-Wright Controls Research Associates
National EW Research and L-3 Communications-Applied Teleplan AS
Embedded Computing of Syracuse, Inc.
Simulation Center Signal & Image Technology Teligy
CyberVillage Rheinmetall Air Defence AG
L-3 Communications Cincinnati TERASYS Technologies, LLC
Networkers Inc. Rising Edge Technologies TERMA A/S
GROUP DARE Electronics Inc. Electronics
Rohde & Schwarz
453 EWS/EDW Research L-3 Communications/ Randtron Thales Components Corp.
dB Control GmbH & Co. KG Thales Homeland Security
AAI Corporation Defence R&D Canada Antenna Systems RUAG Holding
LNX Corporation Times Microwave Systems
Advanced Concepts Defense Research Science Applications TINEX AS
Advanced Testing Technologies Associates Inc. Lockheed Martin International Corporation TMD Technologies
Inc Delta Microwave Lockheed Martin Aculight Scientific Research Corporation TRAK Microwave
Aeronix DHPC Technologies, Inc. Corporation SELEX Galileo Inc. TriaSys Technologies Corp.
Aethercomm, Inc. Dynetics, Inc. Logos Microwave The Shephard Group Tri Star Engineering
Air Scan Inc. EADS Deutschland GmbH, Longmont Machining Siemens IT Solutions and TRU Corporation
80 Akon, Inc. Defense Electronics Lorch Microwave Services Ultra Electronics Avalon
Alion Science and Technology Elcom Technologies, Inc. LS telcom AG Sierra Nevada Corporation Systems
Alpha Design Technologies Electro-Metrics MacAulay-Brown Sivers IMA AB Ultra Electronics Telemus
Pvt. Ltd. MANTECH Security Technologies
The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011

Elisra Electronic Soneticom, Inc. Vigilance

American Systems Systems, Ltd Mass Consultants SOS International VMR Electronics LLC
AMPEX Data Systems ELTA Systems Ltd MC Countermeasures, Inc. SOURIAU PA&E Wavepoint Research, Inc.
Anaren Microwave, Inc. EM Research Inc. MegaPhase Southern Marketing Werlatone Inc.
Anatech Electronics Empower RF Systems Mercury Computer Systems Associates, Inc. Wideband Systems, Inc.
Annapolis Micro EMS Technologies Inc. Micro-Coax, Inc. SpecPro-Inc. X-Com Systems
Systems, Inc. Eonic B.V. Microsemi Corporation SRC, Inc. ZETA Associates
Anritsu ESL Defence Limited Micro Systems SRCTec, Inc. Zodiac Data Systems

BECOME An Industry OR INSTITUTE/UNIVERSITY MEMBER

Sign up now to become an industry or institute/university member and receive a discount on exhibit space at the
AOC National Convention in Washington, DC. Exhibit space is selling quickly. For more information on industry
membership visit our website at www.crows.org or contact Glorianne O’Neilin at oneilin@crows.org or (703) 549-1600.
AOC INDUSTRY OR INSTITUTE/UNIVERSITY MEMBER BENEFITS
• Opportunity to designate key employees for AOC membership
• Reduced rates for exhibit space at the AOC National Convention
• Free organization narrative annually in the Journal of Electronic Defense (JED)
• Names of industry members will appear in each issue of JED
• Sponsored members receive discount for courses, and technical symposia
• Strengthened industry/association/government coalition
• Nonpartisan government relations
• Highly ethical forum for free exchange of information
INDUSTRY FEE SCHEDULE
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• Valuable professional contacts. sustaining members)
MEMBER TYPE ANNUAL FEE SPONSORED MEMBERS
SUSTAINING (ANY SIZE) $3,000 30
INSTITUTE/UNIVERSITY $1,500 25
LARGE (400+ Employees) $1,500 22
MEDIUM (50-399 Employees) $1,000 15
SMALL (10-49 Employees) $500 10
CONSULTANT (1-9 Employees) $300 5

JED, The Journal of Electronic Defense
(ISSN 0192-429X), is published monthly
by Naylor, LLC, for the Association of
Old Crows, 1000 N. Payne St., Ste. 200,
Alexandria, VA 22314-1652.
Periodicals postage paid at Alexandria,
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Subscriptions: JED, The Journal of
Electronic Defense, is sent to AOC
members and subscribers only.
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Index
of ad ve r tise r s
AAI Corporation .............................................www.aaicorp.com.................................................... 11
Aethercomm ...................................................www.aethercomm.com ............................................ 25
Anaren Microwave Inc. ..................................www.anaren.com ......................................................7
Applied Signal Technology, Inc. ....................www.appsig.com ..................................................... 47
BAE Systems ...................................................www.baesystems.com ...................82, inside back cover
Cobham Sensor Systems.................................www.cobham.com ................................................... 13
Comtech PST Corp. .........................................www.comtechpst.com.............................................. 38
Crane Aerospace & Electronics.......................www.craneae.com/electronics....................................8
Dielectric Laboratories, Inc ...........................www.dilabs.com...................................................... 39
The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011
Dow Key Microwave Corporation ...................www.dowkey.com.................................................... 40
DRS Defense Solutions ...................................www.DRS-DefenseSolutions.com .............................. 45
Elcom Technologies ........................................www.elcom-tech.com .............................................. 16
Elisra Electronic Systems ..............................www.elisra.com ...................................................... 46
Emhiser Research ..........................................www.emhiser.com ................................................... 10
Esterline Defense Technologies .....................www.esterline.com ................................................. 58
EW Simulation Technology Ltd......................www.ewst.co.uk........................................................5
Giga-tronics Incorporated .............................www.gigatronics.com .............................................. 33
Grintek Ewation .............................................www.gew.co.za ....................................................... 18
Hawker Beechcraft Corporation ....................www.hawkerbeechcraft.com .................................... 24
Herley Industries ...........................................www.herley.com ..................................................... 32
Huber & Suhner ..............................................www.hubersuhner.com ............................................ 21 81
IMT - Integrated Microwave
Technologies, LLC........................................www.imt-solutions.com ........................................... 17
ITT Electronic Systems...................................www.es.itt.com ................................ inside front cover
ITT Microwave Systems ..................................www.ittmicrowave.com ........................................... 22
IW Microwave .................................................www.iw-microwave.com .......................................... 23
Kanfit Ltd .......................................................www.kanfit.com ..................................................... 34
KOR Electronics ..............................................www.korelectronics.com............................................3
Krytar, Inc......................................................www.krytar.com ..................................................... 50
Lorch Microwave ............................................www.lorch.com ....................................................... 49
MECA Electronics, Inc. ...................................www.e-meca.com .................................................... 51
Mercury Computer Systems, Inc. ...................www.mc.com .....................................................20, 36
Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems
– Amherst Systems......................................www.northropgrumman.com ................................... 27
Raytheon Company ........................................www.raytheon.com ......................... outside back cover
Rohde & Schwarz ............................................www.rohde-schwarz.com ......................................... 14
Saab AB, Electronic Defense Systems............www.saabgroup.com................................................ 35
Spinnaker Microwave ....................................www.spinnakermicrowave.com ................................ 16
SRC, Inc. .........................................................www.srcinc.com ........................................................9
Tektronix Component Solutions ....................www.component-solutions.tek.com .......................... 19
Thales Aerospace Division .............................www.thalesgroup.com ............................................. 29
TRU Corporation.............................................www.trucorporation.com ......................................... 37
URS Corp ........................................................www.urscorp.com.................................................... 44
Werlatone, Inc. ...............................................www.werlatone.com ................................................ 41
 JED
quick look
Details Page #
AARGM, operational evaluation flight test ..........................................15
AFRL, BAA for agile emitters............................................................. 20
AFRL, BAA for SIGINT collection, processing and exploitation ..............24
Air National Guard, CUPID for F-16..................................................... 46
Alloy Surfaces, airborne IR decoys/flares ............................................62
AOC 2011 Election Guide ....................................................................71
Argon ST, UAV comms jammer ............................................................15
Armtec, airborne IR decoys/flares ......................................................62
ATK, AAR-47 contract ........................................................................24
ATK, AARGM flight test .....................................................................16
BAE System, DEWS for Saudi F-16SA ....................................................43
BAE Systems Rokar, airborne dispensers ............................................ 60
BAE Systems, airborne dispensers ..................................................... 60
BAE Systems, ALR-56M ..................................................................... 46
BAE Systems, contract for CMWS A-Kits ..............................................24
BAE Systems, UAV comms jammer .......................................................15
BAE Systems, UK contract for Typhoon EW development...................... 28
BGT, IRIS-T dogfight missile ...............................................................43
Cassidian, ISIS for EuroHawk............................................................. 40
Cassidian, upgrade for Greek F-4E .......................................................43
Chemring, airborne IR decoys/flares .................................................. 64
CPI, TWT contract..............................................................................24
DEACON attack pod ............................................................................15
Elbit, Litening pods ...........................................................................53
Elettronica, EW for Tornado .............................................................. 50
Elisra, ASPS for F-16 ......................................................................... 48
Elisra, COMINT for UAS platforms ...................................................... 38
82 Elisra, SPS-20 RWR ............................................................................52
Elta, COMINT/ELINT for UAS platforms ............................................... 38
Elta, EL/L-8222R jamming pod ..................................................... 52, 53
The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011
Elta, jammer pod for F-4 ....................................................................43
Envisioneering, R&D contract for offboard EW .....................................24
Etienne-Lacroix, airborne IR decoys/flares......................................... 64
Etienne-Lacroix, new chaff and flares for French Horizon frigates ....... 58
EW “co-opetition”..............................................................................12
F-4 Phantom .....................................................................................43
French EW ....................................................................................... 54
HARM, AARGM conversion .................................................................16
House Armed Services Committee, FY12 Defense Markup ......................26
IMI, TAAS dispenser ..........................................................................52
India, medium multi-role combat aircraft (MMRCA) competition .......... 28
India, MiG-29 upgrade ................................................................. 28, 53
India, Mirage 2000 upgrade............................................................... 28
India, planned fifth-generation fighter ............................................. 28
Indra, A400M Defensive Aids Sub System ............................................57
Indra, SPS for Spanish F/A-18s .......................................................... 48
International SIGINT aircraft .............................................................31
Israel Military Industries, airborne IR decoys/flares ........................... 64
ITT, ALQ-165 ASPJ ............................................................................ 46
ITT, ALQ-211(V)4 AIDEWS.................................................................. 48
ITT, ALQ-214 .................................................................................... 48
ITT, IDECM contract ...........................................................................24
ITT, UAV comms jammer .....................................................................15
Kanfit, airborne dispensers ............................................................... 60
Kilgore Flares, airborne IR decoys/flares ............................................ 64
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King Air, MC-12W Liberty ...................................................................32
Lockheed Martin, Dragon ISR .............................................................32
Lockheed Martin, F-16 .......................................................................43
Malaysia, F/A-18D Mid-Life Upgrade ................................................... 28
MBDA, airborne dispensers................................................................ 60
MBDA, DDM-NG ................................................................................. 56
MBDA, Éclair-M decoy dispenser ........................................................ 58
MBDA, missile warning for Mirage 2000 ............................................. 56
MBDA, Saphir-400 expendable decoy dispensing system.......................57
Meggitt, airborne dispensers ............................................................. 60
MES, airborne dispensers .................................................................. 60
MiKES, ALQ-178 SPEWS ................................................................ 43, 48
Niron, airborne dispensers ................................................................ 60
Northrop Grumman, ALQ-131 Block II jamming pods ........................... 44
Northrop Grumman, ALQ-165 ASPJ..................................................... 46
Northrop Grumman, ASIP.................................................................. 40
Northrop Grumman, ASIP contract .....................................................24
Northrop Grumman, Firebird ............................................................. 18
ONR, BAA for protection of electronics systems .................................. 20
Rafael, ELINT for UAS platforms ........................................................ 38
Rafael, Litening II targeting pod ........................................................43
Raytheon, ALE-50 ............................................................................ 46
Raytheon, ALR-67(V)3 ...................................................................... 48
Raytheon, ASPIS for F-16s ................................................................. 48
Raytheon, HARM.............................................................................. 18
Raytheon, UAV comms jammer ...........................................................15
RC-135 Rivet Joint ............................................................................ 36
Rheinmetall, airborne IR decoys/flares .............................................. 64
Rodale Electronics, airborne dispensers ............................................. 60
Saab, airborne dispensers ..................................................................62
Saab, AIRTRACER FLEX ......................................................................32
Saab, BOW RWR for Tornado DASS upgrade ......................................... 50
Saab, BOZ dispenser.......................................................................... 50
Saab, CAMPS order............................................................................ 28
Saab, Emitter Location System for UASs ............................................. 40
Saab, self protection for Malaysia Su-30MKI ........................................53
Sagem Défense et Sécurité, missile warning for Mirage 2000 ............... 56
Sierra Nevada, JCREW contract .......................................................... 22
Spectrum Warfare, part 2 .................................................................. 68
SRCTec, Duke V3 CREW jammer contract ............................................. 22
Symetrics, airborne dispensers ...........................................................62
Technology Survey, Airborne Dispensers and IR Expendables ...............59
Terma, airborne dispensers ................................................................62
Terma, ALQ-213 ........................................................................... 44, 50
Terma, Special Dispenser System ....................................................... 50
Thales Land and Joint Systems, airborne dispensers ............................62
Thales, Carpace for F-16 .................................................................... 44
Thales, Integrated Countermeasure System for India Mirage 2000 ........ 50
Thales, podded ELINT for C-130s .........................................................32
Thales, SAEC SIGINT vehicles ..............................................................55
U.S. Rep Buck McKeon .......................................................................26
US Army, RFP for UAV SIGINT payload .................................................15
US Joint Forces Command, Empire Challenge 2011 ............................... 18
USAF, Comms EA pod for UAVs ............................................................15
Wallop Defence, airborne IR decoys/flares .......................................... 64
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 ELECTRONIC WARFARE
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PROTECTING
THE MISSION
AND THOSE WHO
MUST COMPLETE IT.
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