Product Definition

Process

Details

The writing is on the written product Mainly concerned: o The knowledge about language structure o Writing development result of imitation input using the texts provided Focus on the final product o Coherent o Error free text o Students will initiate, copy and transform models

Steps / Method

Write an essay by imitating a given pattern

PREWRITING Introducing techniques that help students discover and engage topic The phase of idea gathering DRAFTING Students are asked to make multiple draft before submitting to the final Process of writing a rough outline EVALUATING Getting feedback from lecturers and

How text is written Viewing writing as complex and recursive Feedback o Peer feedback authentic audiences, discussion lead to discovery. o Feedback from conferences between the reader and the teacher o Teachers comments expects and value such feedback on writing Focus steps involved in drafting and redrafting a piece of work Discover the main idea of writing

Genre A class of communicative events, the members of which share some set of communicative purposes. Associated with the writers purpose Extension of the product approach Emphasis on social context Share some set of communicative purposes Knowledge of the language is intimately attached to the social purposes Focus on view point of a reader Learning takes place through imitation and exploration of different kind of models. Writing development o Modelling o Joint negotiation of texts o Independent construction of texts

Scaffolding activity Students are provided with models Students discuss and analyse their language and structure

friends. Make modification to the writing based on the feedback REVISING Learner revise the genre EDITING Correcting mechanical errors o Spelling o Punctuation The steps or stages are illustrated and practiced from the generation of ideas and compilation of information through a series of activities. Teacher becomes facilitator o Exercise the writing skills o Draw out the learners potential o

Teachers Role

Teacher centered arbiter the model used

Explicit instructor to facilitator to learners gain autonomy Interactive collaboration between teacher and students o Taking authoritative role to scaffold Help students gain understanding of the communicative purposes and linguistic features of texts. Detect specialized configuration of certain genre Activate their memories of prior writing exercise. Models reduce students severe worries over writing Building up students knowledge of

Advantages

Enhances students writing proficiency o Learners learnt partly through imitation Exploration and analysis Reduce errors in writing o Expose to native like models o Appropriate use of

Develop more effective ways of conveying meaning Comprehend the content that they want to express better. Allow students to explore and develop personal approach to writing

 Disadvantages

vocabulary, syntax and cohesive devices. Emphasize on raising students awareness especially grammatical structures Modelling is an effective teaching tools, by providing feedback Encourage the learners to use same plan in different setting

social circumstances and connecting it with the content of the genre. Encourage students to participate to comprehend writing Allows students to be more flexible in their thinking.

Current traditional rhetoric Reassess the nature of writing Devalues learners potential Model text prevent L2 learners creativity Inhibiting writers

Sufficiently dealt with linguistic knowledge Concerned with the skills of processing ideas Restricted view of writing writing proficiency takes place after repeating exercise of writing patter Writing is identical regardless the topic Only appropriate of the learners get feedback Lack of g good model

Too dependent on teachers material Suit beginner or intermediate level only Underestimates the skills required to produce content Neglects learners self sufficiency Limiting learners creative taught

Application

Investigating the texts and contexts of students target situations Encouraging reflection on writing practices Exploiting text from different types of genres Creating mixed genre portfolio In Australia o Text can be analysed with a

o o

focus on a specific features of the language Develop for the curricular of non-professional settings Adult migrant English education and workplace training program Establish the Literacy and Education Research Network