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1. Intro and Puritans

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Housekeeping handout 1 - dyscyplina lista lektur - egzamin - lista lektur z datami, kojarzenie autorw z tytuami dzie i datami, i grupami lub prdami literackimi Periodyzacja - handout - okresy: -- Colonial (1607-1776) ----Puritan (1620-1776) ----Other colonial (1607-1776) ----Enlightenment (1700-1776) --Early National (1776-1836) --American Renaissance (1836-1865) --The Gilded Age (1865-1914) --Modernism (1914-1930) --The Red Decade (1930-1945) --Post-War (1945-1968) --Post-Modernism (1968-1989) --Ethnic, Feminist, Post-Colonial Turn (1989-2000) --Contemporary (2000-2013) - nazwiska wypenia na bieco - genres dzieli kolorami - motywy i tematy dzieli stronami
handout 2 okresy 1. o czasu 2. Colonial 3. Earl N 4. Am Ren 5. Gild Ag 6. Interwar 7. Post-war and pomo 8. 90s and recent

Puritans - chosen national identity - other bridgeheads

9. bridgeheads 10. Leyendec 11. Leyendec 12. Bradf mnsc 13. sermn prnt 14. Plymuth 15. Mflr Comp 16. Leviathan 17. Arabella 18. Srmn mnt 19. civitas dei 20. New Israel 21. DofDoom 22. Indep Day 23. Bradstrt 24. Baxtr witch

Other Puritan authors (Genesis, Exodus, Apocalypse)

Other colonial authors (optional)

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2. 18th century

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Bradstreet and Taylor handout Bradstreet ?1612-1672 (Northampton-Salem) 1650: To My Dear and Loving Husband, Dialogue Between Old England and New, Before the Birth of One of Her Children, Meditations Taylor (?1642-1729) (?-Westfield, MA) ca 1700 (1671) 1939: Preparatory Meditations, Upon a Spider Catching a Fly, love poems Literature in America as the life of the mind Edwards and Franklin (topology and Marquis de Concordets Sketsch for a Historical Picture of the Progress of the Human Mind (1794) Edwards (1703-1758) read Lockes Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690) at 13 Calvinism Freedom of the Will and Dissertation on Virtue, slightly modified for easier reading (1733) Lockes philosophy A Divine and Supernatural Light, Immediately Imparted to the Soul by the Spirit of God. (1734) Images and Shadows of Divine Things (ca 1720, 1948) Franklin (1706-1790) 1723-fugitive from apprenticeship in Boston 1723-proposes to Deborah Read 1723-leaves for London 1730-has an illegitimate son 1733-Poor Richards Almanac, glass harmonica, population studies, Atlantic sea currents, electricity, geology, Declaration of Independence, Constitution, autobiography 1790 Autobiography, use of table

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Early biographical narratives and novels Mary Rowlandson, The Sovereigny and Goodness of God (1684) William Hill Brown, The Power of Sympathy: Or, The Triumph of Nature (1789) Susanna Rowson, Charlotte: A Tale of Truth (1791) Exam: 5 qq for everybody, the other 5 will be during lecture sometime, so everybody has it and passes

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3. Early National prose; 1776-(1820)-1836 Literary nationalism; foreign derision and domestic claims - Sydney Smith (a British literary critic who asked in 1820: In all the quarters of the globe, who reads an American book?) - James Wentworth Longfellow (one of the many Americans who were worried about such comments, and generally about lack of national literature) Cult of nature and American exceptionalism: Spartan, Roman and sentimental inspirations; Concordet, Rousseau, Filson Early sentimental and satirical novel - William Hill Brown, The Power of Sympathy (1789) - Susanna Rowson, Shirley Temple (1791) - Hannah W. Foster, The Coquette (1797) - Tabitha Tenney, Female Quixotism (1801) - Hugh Henry Brackenridge, Modern Chivalry (1792-1815) American Gothic and Brown 1801 Sally Wood, Julia and the Illuminated Baron 1811 Isaac Mitchell The Asylum: Or, Alonzo and Melissa a large, old fashioned castle-like building fifty miles from NYC Charles Brockden Brown (1771-1810) - psycho-Gothic Wieland (1789) - novelization of Philadelphia murders Edgar Huntley: or, Memoirs of a Sleepwalker (1799) - frontier

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Washington Irving; short story, folklore (popular, democratic source of culture) - various articles in Salmagudi (1815-1820) - Sketches of Jeffrey Crayon, Gent (1820) - Stories of a Traveller (1824) subsequent artistic and political career: - A History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus (1828) - Astoria (1836) - Adventures of Captain Bonneville (1837)

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4. Early National poetry Early patriotic poetry, anxiety of influence (Transatlantic Double Cross); - how not to re-write English literature - themes: the American myth (the new Eden, the new Adam) - themes: nature, democracy, future of America - American, democratic verse? (no) Connecticut wits 1780-1820 - imitations of Augustian poetry John Trumbull (1750-1831), MFingal 1775 Timothy Dwight (1752-1817), Greenfield Hill 1794 Joel Barlow (1754-1812) Vision of Columbus (1787) Columbiad (1807) The Hasty Pudding (1793)

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William Cullen Bryant (1794-1878) 1817 Thanatopsis 1834 The Prairies The course of the empire Hudson School of American painting

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5. American Romance Cooper and sir Walter Scott - tradition of Chivalric romance - quest narrative, symbolic and fantastic elements - dynamic action, multiple plotlines, flat characters - British historical romance: Scott - American historical romance: Cooper - American symbolic romance: Hawthorne and Melville Romance vs Novel (of manners) Society or mythic hero? Manners or adventures? History or biography? Party politics or fight against evil? Marriage of convenience or passionate love? Sudden death or orderly funeral? Big fighting or base cheating? James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851) - The Spy: A Tale of Neutral Ground (1821) - The Pioneers (1823) - Last of the Mohicans (1826) - The Prairie (1827) - The Deerslayer (1828) - The Pathfinder (1840)

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http://www. scribd.com/ pstachura

Natty Bumpoo; Deerslayer Hawkeye

Romance in the South William Gilmore Simms (1806-1870) Martin Faber: The Story of a Criminal (1833) The Yemassee (1835) Development of Gothic romance in the 1830s Robert Montomery Brid (1806-1854) - Nick of the Woods: or, The Jibbenainosay; a Tale of Kentucky (1837) Later developments: symbolic romance, action novel, science fiction and fantasy

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5. American Romance Cooper and sir Walter Scott - tradition of Chivalric romance - quest narrative, symbolic and fantastic elements - dynamic action, multiple plotlines, flat characters - British historical romance: Scott - American historical romance: Cooper - American symbolic romance: Hawthorne and Melville Early domestic novel Catherina Maria Sedgwick (1789-1867) - New England Tale (1822) Lidia Maria Child (1802-1880) - Hobomok: A Tale of Early Times (1824) 6. Poe Psycho Gothic and idealism; life of the mind - heresy of the didactic - metaphors of imagination: living houses, living paintings, ratiocination - sublime topics of Dark Romanticism: madness and metempsychosis, the double, animation of the inanimate - Poe and European sources: Svedenborg, Flud, Ludvig Holberg, Campanella, E.T.A. Hoffman - Poe and French Symbolists: action and setting as representation of emotions, thoughts, madness, and dark sides of the mind Life and Griswolds character assassination - 1809 Boston; of David and Eliza Poe (1787-1811) - John Allan - University of Virginia 1826-1827 - 1827-1831 army and first publications - 1830-1942 Richmond, VA; career in editorship and writing - 1835 Virginia Clemm (death 1847) - 1842 - 1849 New York; last years Fiction: (1839) Tales of the Grotesque and the Arabesque - Gothic: the Black Cat series (the internal monologues) - Metempsychosis: Ligeia-Morella series - Ratiocinaiton: Erneste Dupin - Adventure and science fiction - Dialogues between spirits: Eiros and Cairos series

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5. American Romance Cooper and sir Walter Scott - tradition of Chivalric romance - quest narrative, symbolic and fantastic elements - dynamic action, multiple plotlines, flat characters - British historical romance: Scott - American historical romance: Cooper - American symbolic romance: Hawthorne and Melville Non-fiction: early aesthetic of elevation and unity - Poetic Principle (1850) - Philosophy of Composition (1846) Poetry: Tamerlane and Other Poems (1827) Al Araaf, Tamerlane and Minor Poems (1829) Poems (1830) The Raven and Other Poems (1845) - The Raven (1845) - Ulalume (1847) - The Bells (1848) - Annabel Lee (1849)

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7. American Renaissance: prose Periodization up to 1850 1620-1700 1700-1776 1776-1836 1836-1865 (1850-1855) What is American Renaissance? FO Mathiessen, American Renaissance: Art and Expression in the Age of Emerson and Whitman. (1941) 1850-1855 The Scarlet Letter (1850) The House of the Seven Gables (1851) Moby Dick (1851) Uncle Toms Cabin (1852) Walden (1854) Leaves of Grass (1855) Principal authors: New England Transcendentalists (Emerson and Thoreau); Hawthorne and Melville; Whitman and Dickinson; Stowe; domestic novelists Romance: historical, Gothic, symbolic (philosophical) Novel: sentimental, domestic Absence of social realism, critical satire, and political novel (before 1865) Important lesser authors: domestic novel; examples Anna Maria Sedgwick, New England Tale (1820) Susan Warner, The Wide, Wide World (1850) Maria Cummins, The Lamplighter (1854) - abusive guardians, surrogate family, reward in adulthood Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811-1896) 1834 The Mayflower 1852 Uncle Toms Cabin 1853 A Key to Uncle Toms Cabin 1856 Dred, A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp 1859 The Ministers Wooing (plus 16 more novels published until 1890)

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7. American Renaissance: prose Periodization up to 1850 1620-1700 1700-1776 1776-1836 1836-1865 (1850-1855)
8. American Renaissance: New England Transcendentalism Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) Nature (1836) The American Scholar (1837) Divinity School Address (1838) Essays (First Series 1841, Second Series 1844): Self-Reliance, The Over-Soul, Experience, Circles, The Poet. Representative Men (1850)

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Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers (1842) Resistance to Civil Government (1848) Walden: Or, Life in the Woods (1854) The Maine Woods (1864)

Margaret Fuller (1810-1850) Woman in the Nineteenth Century (1844)

The Transcendental Club (1836-1840) The Dial (1840-1844; intermittent and mutated until 1926) Amos Bronson Alcott (1799-1888) Frederick Henry Hedge (1805-1890) William Apess (1798-1839) A Son of the Forest (1829); Eulogy on King Philip (1836)

Kantian idealism (through Coleridge, Caryle, Hedge) Symbol and analogy, cult of nature and innocence

Liberal and reformist politics (slavery, social reforms: woman suffrage, economic justice)

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7. American Renaissance: prose Periodization up to 1850 1620-1700 1700-1776 1776-1836 1836-1865 (1850-1855)
Utopian communities (new societies): Brook Farm, Fruitlands Individualism; self-reliance and non-conformism (Emerson, Thoreau) Historical background and context: Indian Removals (1830, 1831, 1836, 1838), bank panic of 1837 and crisis 1837-1846, Texas (1836), Mexican War (1846-1848), California (1846-1848), the manifest destiny (1848) fugitive slave law (1850)

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9. American Renaissance: Melville and Hawthorne Nay-sayers (Perry Miller, R.W.B. Lewis)

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Symbolic romance (development of historical romance); themes: unde malum, sign and value

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9. American Renaissance: Melville and Hawthorne Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864) Novels (romances): The Scarlet Letter (1850) The House of the Seven Gables (1851) The Blithedale Romance (1852) The Marble Faun: Or, The Romance of Monte Beni (1860) Short-story collections: Twice-Told Tales (1837) Grandfather's Chair (1840) Mosses from an Old Manse (1846) The Snow-Image, and Other Twice-Told Tales (1852) A Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys (1852) - historical allegory - fantastic imagery - flat characterization - irony and ambiguity - blackness: limited acquisition of meaning Examples (short stories) "My Kinsman, Major Molineux" (1832), "Young Goodman Brown" (1835), "Wakefield" (1835), "The Ambitious Guest" (1835), "The Minister's Black Veil" (1836), "The Maypole of Merry Mount" (1837), "Dr. Heidegger's Experiment" (1837), "The Birth-Mark" (1843) Mark van Doren, Nathaniel Hawthorne (1946) Millicent Bell, Hawthornes View of the Artist (1962)

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Herman Melville (1819-1891) Typee: A Peep at Polynesian Life (1846) Omoo: A Narrative of Adventures in the South Seas (1847) Mardi: And a Voyage Thither (1849) Redburn: His First Voyage (1849) White-Jacket; or, The World in a Man-of-War (1850) Moby-Dick; or, The Whale (1851) Pierre: or, The Ambiguities (1852) Israel Potter: His Fifty Years of Exile (1855) The Confidence-Man: His Masquerade (1857) "Bartleby the Scrivener" (1853) "Benito Cereno" (1855) Billy Budd: Sailor (1891) - themes and question; willing, life, goodness

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10. American Renaissance: poetry Wa l t W h i t m a n (18191892) America is essentially the greatest poem epic of Democracy the commands of my nature as total and irresistible as those which make the sea flow, or the globe revolve (1) I celebrate myself and sing myself (inscriptions) Ones-self I sing, a simple separate person, Yet utter the word Democratic, the word En-Masse (3) Out of the dimness opposite equals advance, always substance and increase, always sex (5) A child said What is the grass? (11) Twenty-eight young men bathe by the shore, Twenty-eight young men and all so friendly Do I contradict myself? (15) The one-year wife is recovering and happy having a week ago borne her first child, The clean-haird Yankee girl works with her sewing-machine or in the factory or mill, The paving-man leans on his two-handed hammer (etc. for more than 200 times)

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10. American Renaissance: poetry Structure of Leaves of Grass: Song of Myself (1855) Children of Adam section (1855-1860), fifty poems e.g. Crossing Brooklyn Ferry (1856) Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking (1859) Calamus section (1860), about fifty poems Smaller poems and sections (about one hundred 1860-1865) Drum-Taps section (about fifty, most from 1865) When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloomd (1865-6) Autumn Rivulets (most from the 1870s) Whispers of Heavenly Death (small) Passage to India (1868) Smaller poems and sections (about one hundred 1865-1888) Sands at Seventy (about one hundred, 1888) Good-Bye My Fancy (about fifty, 1891)

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10. American Renaissance: poetry E m i l y D i c k i n s o n (18301896) - 1775; fascicles (sets), early editions, Johnson, Franklin - short, slant, gapped, and immediate - themes: nature, love, death; observation and association (typology) - living words, e.g. Fr 738 You said that I "was Great" one Day Then "Great" it be if that please Thee Or Small or any size at all Nay I'm the size suit Thee Tall like the Stag would that? Or lower like the Wren Or other heights of Other Ones I've seen? Tell which it's dull to guess And I must be Rhinoceros Or Mouse At once for Thee So say if Queen it be Or Page please Thee I'm that or nought Or other thing if other thing there be With just this Stipulus I suit Thee

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10. American Renaissance: poetry an eye of a dying person (J241/F339) the sky on winter afternoon (J258/F320) bird eating a worm (J328/F359) cupboards and porcelain (J640) a loaded gun (J754/F764) a snake in the grass (J986/F1096) a flower killed by frost (J1624/F1668) a warm spell in early autumn (J130/F122) is the holy communion beads of sweat on the forehead of a dying person (J241/F339) beads of anguish on a string afternoon sunlight is organ music in a cathedral (J258/F320) the birds wings like oars of a ship sailing across the ocean (J328/F359)

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Boston Brahmins John Greenleaf Whittier (18071892) James Russell Lowell (18191891) 11. American Renaissance: popular literature Reynolds argument Lippard Dana Young America; OSullivan revelations slide handout

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12. Gilded Age: Twain 1865-1890; Belated Realism; transition from romance to novel; absence of (good) poetry; Mark Twain, Henry James, local color 1879 Henry Jamess Hawthorne: absence of realism Realist convention: regional dialect, typical characters, American national identity (the international theme) Use of mythic figures: rebirth, eternal innocence, escape from society Ignorance and omission: the city and the Civil War Satirical roots in folklore: tall tale, e.g. George Washington Harris; campfire stories, urban legends. Mythical heroes: Bloody Mary, Connecticut Yankee, Jesse James, Colonel Buck (Colonel Saunders), Johnny Appleseed, Rip van Winkle, Pecos Bill, Paul Bunyan, Daniel Boone, Bigfoot Wallace, Davy Crockett; the symbolic/mythic content of folklore; use of folklore material in Mark Twains work and later MARK TWAIN (1835-1910) Early phase: Children and Huck 1873; The Gilded Age 1876; The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 1881; The Prince and the Pauper 1884; Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Later phase: Yankee and No. 44 1889; A Connecticut Yankee in Kings Arthurs Court lesser novels (potboilers) 1916 (1967); The Mysterious Stranger (No. 44) Short stories and non-fiction 1867; The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County 1872; Roughing It 1883; Life on the Mississippi 1893; The 1,000,000 Bank Note 1900; Extracts from Adams Diary

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types of characters

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13. Gilded Age: lesser authors, regionalists American realist fiction was particularly strong on local color; Howellss thesis; American Literary Centers (1902); literature is no longer life of the mind; Jamess thesis; the lag and detritus (1874) Typical genre: short story; novel-like collections (in the same setting); e.g. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer or Jewetts Country of Pointer Firs (1896) Why is Western not here? Owen Wister (1860-1938), The Virginian (1902) West
B r e t H a r t e (1836-1902); The Luck of the Roaring Camp (1868), The Outcasts of Poker Flat (1869) H e l e n H u n t J a c k s o n (1830-1885); A Century of Dishonor (1883), Ramona (1884) M a r y H u n t e r A u s t i n (1868-1934); The Land of Little Rain (1903)

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New England
S a r a h O r n e J e w e t t (1849-1909); The White Heron M a r y E . W i l k i n s F r e e m a n (1852-1930); The New-England Nun

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Cable (1844-1925), The Grandissimes (1880), Madame Delphine (1881), short stories: Old Creole Days (1879) J o e l C h a n d l e r H a r r i s (1848-1908), Uncle Remus series, Brer Rabbit and Tar Baby (1880-1918), A Little Union Scout (1904) Katherine OFlaherty (1850-1904); The Awakening (1899), Desirees Baby (1893), The Story of an Hour (1894), The Storm (1898),

Puritan detritus: symbolism, Manichean idea of the world, sentimentalism, lack of interest in politics and social change, focus on individual, lack of interest in sinful passions Escapism, compensatory fantasies, Platonic conception of oneself: this is American culture to this day

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13. Gilded Age: lesser authors, regionalists American realist fiction was particularly strong on local color; Howellss thesis; American Literary Centers (1902); literature is no longer life of the mind; Jamess thesis; the lag and detritus (1874) Positive side of local color: interest in peculiar and unusual characters (minorities, eccentrics), cultural diversity and tolerance 14. Gilded Age: late phase, naturalism Frank Norris (1870-1902) McTeague (1899) The Octopus (1902) The Pit (1903) Stephen Crane (1871-1900) Maggie: A Girl of the Streets (1893) The Red Badge of Courage (1895) The Black Riders and Other Lines (1895) The Open Boat and Other Tales of Adventure (1898) Bret Harte (1836-1902) Ambrose Bierce (1842-1913) Tales of Soldiers and Civilians (1891) Can Such Things Be? (1893) - naturalist Gothic Jack London (1876-19016) The Call of the Wild (1903) The Sea-Wolf (1904) The Scarlet Plague (1912)

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Theodore Dreiser (1871-1945) Sister Carrie (1900) Kate Chopin (1850-1904) numerous short stories and: The Awakening (1900)

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13. Gilded Age: lesser authors, regionalists American realist fiction was particularly strong on local color; Howellss thesis; American Literary Centers (1902); literature is no longer life of the mind; Jamess thesis; the lag and detritus (1874) why naturalism; as typology 1860 Darwins The Origin of Species 1860 Herbert Spencers Synthetic Philosophy survival of the fittest 1871 Darwins The Descent of Man 1878 Emil Zola; Le Roman Experimental

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quotes from defenders of the faith

Puritan

Enlightenment

Early National

American Renaissance 1836-1861 Symbolic romance Whitman Dickinson

Gilded Age

1620-1740 Chronicles Religious poetry

1740-1776 Epic poems Autobiographie s

1776-1836 Early novels Adventure romance Poe

1865-1900 Realism Regionalism (local color)

Religious responses to Darwinism (as literary metaphors)

Dr. Henry A. Dubois, American Church Review, January 1872 monstrous assumption having no hope, because it is without God in the world, looks upon nature as the play of blind forces, dark, meaningless, fantastic; and upon the end of all things as a return to chaos.

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Borden P. Bowne, Zions Herald, January 1878 Life without meaning; death without meaning; and the universe without meaning. A race tortured to no purpose, and with no hope but annihilation. The dead only blessed; the living standing like beasts at bay, and shrieking half in defiance and half in fright. Dr. Daniel R. Goodwin, American Theological Review, December 1861 Give us time enough, and anything can be made of anything, or made into anything: light may be made of darkness, order out of chaos, conscience out of a cucumber, mind out of matter and man out of a tadpole or a bramble bush.

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15. Gilded Age: Henry James High (psychological) realism and low (satirical) realism. Twain and James. European sources of realism: Dickens and George Eliot, Balzac and Flaubert, Tolstoy and Turgenev. Henry James (1843-1916).
Roderick Hudson (1876, Jamess first published novel), The Portrait of a Lady (1881), Washington Square (1881), The Bostonians (1886),

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What Maisie Knew (1897), The Wings of the Dove (1902), The Ambassadors (1903), The Golden Bowl (1904) The New York Edition and the prefaces. 4 Short stories: Century, New York Sun, Atlantic Monthly or Harpers Weekly) Subsequently in collections; there were fourteen collections. A Passionate Pilgrim and Other Tales (1875, Jamess first volume of fiction) Terminations (1895) The Better Sort (1903) Daisy Miller (1879) The Altar of the Dead (1895) The Pupil (1892) The Real Thing (1900) The Beast in the Jungle (1903) clash between protagonist and new environment (marriage, education, education); international theme 6 psychological motivation of characters, clash between innocence and the corrupted world, an idealistic pursuit of happiness, futile strife against influences of society multiple points of view, symbolic ambiguity (Hawthorne)

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15. Gilded Age: Henry James High (psychological) realism and low (satirical) realism. Twain and James. NEW SEMESTER 16. Modernism: early poetry

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Amy Lowell, Harriet Monroe, Peggy Guggenheim; little magazines

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Some Imagist Poets Pound; Eliot, Williams, Stevens Chicago poets 17. Modernism: later poetry evolution to longer forms Eliot and Pound emigrate late Williams and Stevens Crane Fugitives 18. Modernism: early prose Joyces Ulysses; new experience; time and douree Sherwood Anderson Thomas Wolfe Faulkner

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19. Modernism: later prose

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20. Inter-war pop

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21. Post-war prose social criticism and satire John Cheever Mary McCarthy, John Updike, Saul Bellow, Philip Roth OConnor and McCullers Harper Lee, drama 22. Post-war poetry confessional, continuation of modernist nature poetry, Black Mountain Robert Lowell and Sylvia Plath Elizabeth Bishop, A.R. Amons Charles Olson

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22. Post-war poetry

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23. Post-war poetry and pop (optional) Robert Heinlein and Alfred Bester Beatnicks

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24. Post-modern theory and prose historiographic metafiction (Linda Hutcheon): Gaddis, Pynchon, Barth, Doctorov Literature of exhaustion (Barth 1968) experimental, self-referential form: Barth, Barthelme, Federman

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25. Post-modern and ethnic prose Indian Renaissance: N. Scott Momaday; Gerald Vizenor Blacks: Wright, Ellison, Baldwin, Angelou, Walker, Morrison

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26. Post-modern poetry

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26. Post-modern poetry

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Feminist and ethnic protest: Rich, Lorde, Anzaldua

27. Post-modern poetry 2 (optional)

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28. Contemporary prose Demise: Morrison, Roth, Updike Recent Gaddis and Pynchon Powers Coover, Hannah and Mason

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29. Contemporary poetry

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no. 1 2 3 4 5 McCarthy Franzen

30. Most recent trends and awards

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