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C H A P T E R 22
Fundamentals of 2D Construction
LINERANDOM POINTS
The Line command is used to draw straight lines between two defined points The Line tool on the Draw panel
Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2011, 1/e

James Bethune

2011 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.

1. Select the Line tool on the Draw panel under the Home tab. Command: _line Specify first point: 2. Place the cursor randomly on the drawing screen and press the left mouse button. Specify next point or [Undo]: 3. Randomly pick another point on the screen. Specify next point or [Undo]:
James Bethune

To randomly select points

To exit a command sequence

Press the <Esc> key, which will return you to a command prompt. Note: The <Esc> key allows you to exit almost all Auto-CAD commands. The Line command may be reactivated by pressing the right mouse button immediately after selecting the Enter option. A dialog box will appear

James Bethune


ERASE
There are two ways to erase lines: select individual lines or window a group of lines. The Erase tool is located on the Modify panel under the Home tab

James Bethune


1. Select the Erase tool on the Modify panel. Command: _erase Select objects: select cursor (pickbox). 2. Select the two open lines by placing the rectangular cursor on each line, one at a time, and pressing the left mouse button Select objects: 1 found Select objects: 3. Press the right mouse button or the Enter key to complete the Erase sequence.
James Bethune

To Erase individual lines


To erase a group of lines

1. Select the Erase tool. Command: _erase Select objects: 2. Place the rectangular select cursor above and to the left of the lines to be erased and press the left mouse button. 3. Move the mouse, and a shaded window will drag from the selected first point. 4. When all the lines to be erased are completely within the window, press the left mouse button.
Once selected, elements" will change color on the screen.
All elements completely within the window will be erased.

James Bethune


LINESNAP POINTS
Lines can be drawn using calibrated snap spacing. This technique is similar to drawing points randomly, but because the cursor is limited to specific points, the length of lines can be determined accurately.

James Bethune


LINECOORDINATE VALUES
AutoCAD will also accept locational inputs, the start and end points of a line, in terms of X,Y coordinate values. The 0,0 origin is located in the lower left corner of the drawing screen.
Lines can be drawn using coordinate points.

James Bethune


LINEDYNAMIC INPUTS
The Dynamic Input command allows both angular and distance values to be added to a drawing using screen prompts.
The Dynamic Inputs dialog box is used to control the Pointer Input, Dimension Input, and Dynamic Prompts aspects of dynamic input (See Next Slide).
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Dynamic Input settings
The Dynamic Inputs dialog box is used to control the Pointer Input, Dimension Input, and Dynamic Prompts aspects of dynamic input

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CONSTRUCTION LINE
The Construction Line command is used to draw lines of infinite length. Construction lines are very helpful during the initial layout of a drawing. They can be trimmed during the creation of the drawing as needed.
Construction line

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Other Construction Line commands:

The lines shown below were created using the Hor (horizontal), Ver (vertical), and Ang (angular) options.
Construction lines drawn using the Horizontal, Vertical, and Angular options

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Construction Line command: Offset

The Offset option allows you to draw a line parallel to an existing line, regardless of the line s orientation, at a redefined distance.
Construction lines drawn 0.5 apart using the Offset option.
Press the right mouse button to end the Offset command sequence and return a command prompt to the command prompt line

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CIRCLE
The Circle tool is on the Draw panel. Circles may be defined by a center point and either a radius or diameter; by two or three points on the diameter; or by the tangents to two existing lines or arcs and a radius value. Each of these commands has a separate tool on the Draw panel that is a flyout from the Circle tool

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CIRCLE Creation Types

Circle Radius Circle Diameter Circle 2 points Circle 3 points Circle Diameter Tangent Tangent Radius
* See of you can Name the Circle Creation Types

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CIRCLE CENTERLINES
It is standard drawing convention to include centerlines with all circles. Circles usually represent holes. The circle s center point is used to locate the circle and, during manufacture, serves as the location point for a drill. The Center Mark option found on the Dimensions panel of the Annotate tab.

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The Center Mark tool
Select the Symbols and Arrows tab, then the Center marks Line option.

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POLYLINE
A polyline is a line made from a series of individual, connected line segments that act as a single entity Polyline are used to generate curves and splines and can be used in threedimensional applications to produce solid objects.

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Polyline Arc
Select the Polyline tool from the Draw panel.
The Polyline Arc is a single entity.
A Polyline drawn using the Arc option

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To draw different line thicknesses
The Width option is used to define the width of a line. The Halfwidth option is used to define half the width of a line.

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SPLINE
A spline is a curved line created through a series of predefined points. If the curve forms an enclosed area, it is called a closed spline
A closed spline

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ELLIPSE
Click the Ellipse Axis, End tool on the Draw panel.

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Ellipse Arc
An ellipse may also be defined in terms of its angle of rotation about the major axis. An ellipse with 0 rotation is a circle, an ellipse of constant radius. An ellipse with 90 rotation is a straight line, an end view of an ellipse

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RECTANGLE
The Rectangle command is used to draw rectangles. The rectangles generated are blocks, that is, they are considered to be one entity, not four straight lines.

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POLYGON
A polygon is a closed figure bounded by straight lines. The Polygon command will draw only regular polygons, in which all sides are equal

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POINT
The Point command is used to draw points on a drawing. The default setting for a point s shape is a small dot, the kind used to display background grids. Other point shapes are available.

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TEXT
Text is added to a drawing using the Multiline Text tool found on the Annotation panel. The Annotation panel is located under the Home tab.
The Multiline Text command is used to enter text. First, the area in which the text is to be entered is defined. Text is typed into the dialog box.

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The Text Editor

The Multiline Text tool is also available on the Text panel of the Annotate tab.
The Text Editor panel is used to change the text height, color, font style, and text justification.

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Justify Text
AutoCAD will justify text to the left unless otherwise specified.

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The symbol options

AutoCAD has three symbol commands: %%C %%P %%D
A symbol will initally appear in the %% form in the Text Editor dialog box but will change to the equivalent symbol when the text is transferred to the drawing.
Symbols may also be created using the Windows Character ALT 0216 ALT 0177 ALT 0176

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MOVE
The Move command is used to move a line or object to a new location on the drawing.
Any point may be selected. Snap points are usually used as base points because they can define precise displacement distances and accurate new locations.

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The Copy command

The Copy command is used to make an exact copy of an existing line or object. The Copy command can also be used to create more than one copy without reactivating the Command.
The Copy command maintains the original object in its original location, then creates a copy that can be moved to a new location.

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OFFSET
The process may be repeated by double-clicking the right mouse button and selecting the Repeat Offset option.
Mirror
Any line may be used as a mirror line, including lines within the object The Mirror command is very useful when drawing symmetrical objects. Only half of the object need be drawn. The second half can be created using the Mirror command.
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ARRAY
Objects may be arrayed using either the Rectangular or the Polar option.

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ROTATE
The Rotate tool is used to rotate an object about a specified base point.

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TRIM
The Trim tool is used to cut away excessively long lines. Trim is a very important AutoCAD command and is used frequently.
Cutting Edge Trimmed area

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EXTEND & BREAK

The Extend command allows given lines to be extended to new lengths The Break command is used to remove portions of an object. It is similar to the Trim command but does not require cutting edges

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CHAMFER
A chamfer is a straight-line corner cut, usually cut at 45. Other angles may be used.

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FILLET
The Fillet command is location sensitive. The nal shape of the llet will depend on the location of your selection points. Here are four examples of llets drawn from the same initial arc line setup.

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TABLE
The Table command is used to create tables such as the one shown below. Tables are used on drawings to define multiple hole dimensions, to define coordinate data, and to create parts lists, among other uses.

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Creating tables
Click the Table command tool on the annotation Panel. The Insert Table dialog box will appear

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C H A P T E R 22

Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2011, 1/e

To randomly select points

To exit a command sequence

Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2011, 1/e

Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2011, 1/e

To Erase individual lines

To erase a group of lines

All elements completely within the window will be erased.

Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2011, 1/e

Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2011, 1/e

Lines can be drawn using coordinate points.

Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2011, 1/e

Dynamic Input settings

Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2011, 1/e

Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2011, 1/e

Other Construction Line commands:

Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2011, 1/e

Construction Line command: Offset

Construction lines drawn 0.5 apart using the Offset option.

Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2011, 1/e

Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2011, 1/e

CIRCLE Creation Types

* See of you can Name the Circle Creation Types

Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2011, 1/e

The Center Mark tool

Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2011, 1/e

Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2011, 1/e

The Polyline Arc is a single entity.

A Polyline drawn using the Arc option

Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2011, 1/e

To draw different line thicknesses

Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2011, 1/e

Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2011, 1/e

Click the Ellipse Axis, End tool on the Draw panel.

Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2011, 1/e

Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2011, 1/e

Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2011, 1/e

Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2011, 1/e

Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2011, 1/e

Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2011, 1/e

The Text Editor

Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2011, 1/e

Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2011, 1/e

The symbol options

Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2011, 1/e

Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2011, 1/e

The Copy command

Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2011, 1/e

Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2011, 1/e

Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2011, 1/e

Cutting Edge Trimmed area

Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2011, 1/e

EXTEND & BREAK

Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2011, 1/e

Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2011, 1/e

Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2011, 1/e

Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2011, 1/e

Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2011, 1/e

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