Preliminaries: N-particle ket with definite momentum appears in various notations as,

1 2 1 2 1 2
( )
... ... ...
P P P P P P P P P
N N N
N
N N
+ = = = = e P p p p p p p p p p F (1.1)

Definition of the wedge,

1
1
1 1 2
P
1 1
1

... ! ... ( 1) ... ;

!
1

... ! ... ... ;

!
P
N
N
N N P P
N N P P
P
N A
N
N
N
,
. . =
v v =

p p p p p p p
p p p p p p S
(1.2)

Also, slater determinant,

1
1 1 1
[1.42] | ... | ... det | ( 1) | ... | ;
P
N
N N i j P N P
P
,
' ' ' ' ' + + = = =

p p p p p p p p p p (1.3)

Since the creation operator maps an N-particle state into an (N+1)-particle state, the annihilation operator,
being the adjoint, will map an N-particle state into an (N1)-particle state. To understand its properties,
compute the sub-matrix elements of the operators
1 2

... ...
( )
N N
a
' ' p p p p p
and
2 1
... ...
( )
N N
a
' ' p p p p p
.

Using the definition of the wedge, (1.2), and the slater-determinant, (1.3), and eventually expanding the
determinant in terms of its first column,

1 2
1
*

... ... 2 1 1 2 1 2 1
( )
1
1
1
( ) ... | | ... ... | | ... ... | ...
det | ( 1) | ... | ( 1) | det |
N N
P
N
N N N N N N
N
n
n
i j P N P n i j
P
n
a a a
,
' '

=
' ' ' ' ' ' = = . . . . = . . . . .
' ' ' ' = = =

p p p p p p p
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
p p p p p p p p p p
(1.4)


The matrix elements
2 1
... ...
( )
N N
a
' ' p p p p p
, meanwhile, come from taking the complex-conjugate of (1.4),

2 1
( ) ( )
1
... ... 2 1
1
( ) ( 1) | det | ; det | ... | ...( ).. no . ;
N N
N
n n
n
n j i n j i N N
n
a

' '
=
' ' ' ' = = . . . .
p p p p p
p p p p p p p p p p p (1.5)

From (1.4) and (1.5), we respectively get,

1
1 1 1
1
... ( 1) | ...( )... ...( ).. no no . ;
n
N
n
N n N N
n
n
a

=
. . = . . = . .
p
p p p p p p p p p p (1.6)

Let it be true, by construction, that

{ , } 0 0 { , } a a a a
' '
= = =
p p p p
. Demonstrate the fundamental

{ , } | a a
'
' =
p p
p p .

Compute

1
...
N
a a
'
. .
p p
p p and

1
...
N
a a
'
. .
p p
p p , which appears as,

1 1 1 1
1
... ... | ... ( 1) | ...(no )...
N
n
N N N n n N
n
a a a
' '
=
' ' . . = . . . = . . + . . .
p p p
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p (1.7)


1 1
1 1 1
1 1
... ( 1) | ...(no )... ( 1) | ...(no )...
N N
n n
N n n N n n N
n n
a a a

'
= =
' ' . . = . . = . . .
p p p
p p p p p p p p p p p p p (1.8)

By adding (1.7) and (1.8), we realize the relation,

{ , } | a a
'
' =
p p
p p (1.9)

Summary of results

Anticommutation relations,


3
{ , } ( ); { , } 0 0 { , }; a a a a a a o o
' ' ' '
' = = = =
p p pp p p p p
p p
V
(1.10)

property of ladder operator is to create/destroy particle,

0 1 ; 1 ;
N N N N N N
a a = + = = =
p p
P pP pP pP P P (1.11)

Field operators and their dual in position-space: they create destroy a particle at point x ,

. . / 3 / 3
3/ 2 3/ 2
1 1
( ) ( ) ;
(2 ) (2 )
D C
e a d p e a d p
t t
+ - -
= = = = =
} }
i p x i p x
x p p
x x (1.12)

Field operators and their dual in momentum-space: they create destroy a particle with momentum p,

. . / 3 / 3
3/ 2 3/ 2
1 1
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ;
(2 ) (2 )
D C
a a a e d x e d x a a a
t t
- + -
= = = = = =
} }
i p x i p x
p p
p x x p (1.13)

In a box,

3
/ / / 3
3 3
3
/ 3 / 3 / 3
3
1 1
( ) ;
(2 ) (2 )
1
( ) ( )(2 ) ( )(2 ) ( )
(2 )
V d p V
e a e a e a d p
V V
d x
a a a V e V e e d x
V V

t t
t t
t
- - -
+ - + - + -

= = = =
= = = =

} }

} }
i p x i p x i p x
x p p p
p
i p x i p x i p x
p
x
x
p x x x
(1.14)


[1.101] { ( ), ( )} ( ); [1.102] { ( ), ( )} 0 0 { ( ), ( )}; o ' ' ' ' = = = = x x x x x x x x