Section 1 Audio script:

TAGORE: I was discussing with Dr Mendel [mutual friend] today the new mathematical discoveries which tell us that in the realm of infinitesimal atoms chance has its play; the drama of existence is not absolutely predestined in character. EINSTEIN: The facts that make science tend toward this view do not say good-bye to causality. TAGORE: Maybe not, yet it appears that the idea of causality is not in the elements, but that some other force builds up with them an organised universe. EINSTEIN: One tries to understand in the higher plane how the order is. The order is there, where the big elements combine and guide existence, but in the minute elements this order is not perceptible. TAGORE: Thus duality is in the depths of existence, the contradiction of free impulse and the directive will which works upon it and evolves an orderly scheme of things. EINSTEIN: Modern physics would not say they are contradictory. Clouds look as one from a distance, but if you see them nearby, they show themselves as disorderly drops of water. TAGORE: I find a parallel in human psychology. Our passions and desires are unruly, but our character subdues these elements into a harmonious whole. Does something similar to this happen in the physical world? Are the elements rebellious, dynamic with individual impulse? And is there a principle in the physical world which dominates them and puts them into an orderly organisation? EINSTEIN: Even the elements are not without statistical order; elements of radium will always maintain their specific order, now and ever onward, just as they have done all along. There is, then, a statistical order in the elements. TAGORE: Otherwise, the drama of existence would be too desultory. It is the constant harmony of chance and determination which makes it eternally new and living. EINSTEIN: I believe that whatever we do or live for has its causality; it is good, however, that we cannot see through to it. TAGORE: There is in human affairs an element of elasticity also, some freedom within a small range which is for the expression of our personality. It is like the musical system in India, which is not so rigidly fixed as western music. Our composers give a certain definite outline, a system of melody and rhythmic arrangement, and within a certain limit the player can improvise upon it. He must be one with the law of that particular melody, and then he can give spontaneous

expression to his musical feeling within the prescribed regulation. We praise the composer for his genius in creating a foundation along with a superstructure of melodies, but we expect from the player his own skill in the creation of variations of melodic flourish and ornamentation. In creation we follow the central law of existence, but if we do not cut ourselves adrift from it, we can have sufficient freedom within the limits of our personality for the fullest self-expression. EINSTEIN: That is possible only when there is a strong artistic tradition in music to guide the peoples mind. In Europe, music has come too far away from popular art and popular feeling and has become something like a secret art with conventions and traditions of its own. TAGORE: You have to be absolutely obedient to this too complicated music. In India, the measure of a singers freedom is in his own creative personality. He can sing the composers song as his own, if he has the power creatively to assert himself in his interpretation of the general law of the melody which he is given to interpret. EINSTEIN: It requires a very high standard of art to realize fully the great idea in the original music, so that one can make variations upon it. In our country, the variations are often prescribed. TAGORE: If in our conduct we can follow the law of goodness, we can have real liberty of selfexpression. The principle of conduct is there, but the character which makes it true and individual is our own creation. In our music there is a duality of freedom and prescribed order. EINSTEIN: Are the words of a song also free? I mean to say, is the singer at liberty to add his own words to the song which he is singing? TAGORE: Yes. In Bengal we have a kind of song-kirtan, we call it which gives freedom to the singer to introduce parenthetical comments, phrases not in the original song. This occasions great enthusiasm, since the audience is constantly thrilled by some beautiful, spontaneous sentiment added by the singer. EINSTEIN: Is the metrical form quite severe? TAGORE: Yes, quite. You cannot exceed the limits of versification; the singer in all his variations must keep the rhythm and the time, which is fixed. In European music you have a comparative liberty with time, but not with melody. EINSTEIN: Can the Indian music be sung without words? Can one understand a song without words? TAGORE: Yes, we have songs with unmeaning words, sounds which just help to act as carriers of the notes. In North India, music is an independent art, not the interpretation of words and thoughts, as in Bengal. The music is very intricate and subtle and is a complete world of melody by itself.

Fill in with not more than three words for each blank. 1. The mutual friend of the speakers is ____1_____. 2. Modern physics would not say _____2_____. 3. There is in human affairs an element of elasticity also, some freedom within a small range which is for the expression _____3_____. 4. We can have sufficient freedom within the limits of our personality for _____4_____. 5. Our composers give a _____5_____, a system of melody and rhythmic arrangement, and within a certain limit the player _____6_____ upon it. 6. It requires a very high _____7_____ to realize fully the great idea in the _____8_____ music. 7. In North India, music is an _____9_____, not the interpretation of _____10_____.

Section 2 Audio script: Ageing is the accumulation of changes in an organism or object over time. Ageing in humans refers to a multidimensional process of physical, psychological, and social change. Some dimensions of ageing grow and expand over time, while others decline. Reaction time, for example, may slow with age, while knowledge of world events and wisdom may expand. Research shows that even late in life potential exists for physical, mental, and social growth and development. Ageing is an important part of all human societies reflecting the biological changes that occur, but also reflecting cultural and societal conventions. Age is usually measured in full years and months for young children. A person's birthday is often an important event. Roughly 100,000 people worldwide die each day of age-related causes. The term "ageing" is somewhat ambiguous. Distinctions may be made between "universal ageing" (age changes that all people share) and "probabilistic ageing" (age changes that may happen to some, but not all people as they grow older, such as the onset of type two diabetes). Chronological ageing, referring to how old a person is, is arguably the most straightforward definition of ageing and may be distinguished from "social ageing" (society's expectations of how people should act as they grow older) and "biological ageing" (an organism's physical state as it ages). There is also a distinction between "proximal ageing" (age-based effects that come about because of factors in the recent past) and "distal ageing" (age-based differences that can be traced back to a cause early in person's life, such as childhood poliomyelitis).

Differences are sometimes made between populations of elderly people. Divisions are sometimes made between the young old (6574), the middle old (7584) and the oldest old (85+). However, problematic in this is that chronological age does not correlate perfectly with functional age, i.e. two people may be of the same age, but differ in their mental and physical capacities. Each nation, government and non-government organization has different ways of classifying age. Population ageing is the increase in the number and proportion of older people in society. Population ageing has three possible causes: migration, longer life expectancy (decreased death rate), and decreased birth rate. Ageing has a significant impact on society. Young people tend to commit most crimes, they are more likely to push for political and social change, to develop and adopt new technologies, and to need education. Older people have different requirements from society and government as opposed to young people, and frequently differing values as well. Older people are also far more likely to vote, and in many countries the young are forbidden from voting. Thus, the aged have comparatively more political influence. In some cultures (for example Serbian) there are four ways to express age: by counting years with or without including current year. For example, it could be said about the same person that he is twenty years old or that he is in the twenty-first year of his life. In Russian the former expression is generally used, the latter one has restricted usage: it is used for age of a deceased person in obituaries and for the age of an adult when it is desired to show him/her older than he/she is. (Psychologically, a woman in her 20th year seems older than one who is 19 years old.) Depending on cultural and personal philosophy, ageing can be seen as an undesirable phenomenon, reducing beauty and bringing one closer to death; or as an accumulation of wisdom, mark of survival, and a status worthy of respect. In some cases numerical age is important (whether good or bad), whereas others find the stage in life that one has reached (adulthood, independence, marriage, retirement, career success) to be more important. Say whether the statements are true or false. 11. Ageing in a natural phenomenon. 12. A person's birthday is often an important event. 13. Ageing can be seen as an undesirable phenomenon, reducing beauty and bringing one closer to death. 14. Chronological age correlates perfectly with functional age. 15. Age is occasionally measured in full years and months for young children. 16. In some cultures (for example Russian) there are five ways to express age. 17. Roughly 200,000 people worldwide die each day of age-related causes. 18. The term "ageing" is very clearly defined. 19. Age-based differences can be traced back to a cause early in person's life. 20. Each nation, government and non-government organization has different ways of classifying age.

Section 3 Audio script: Harris: Good morning, sir! Accountant: Good morning! What can I do for you? Harris: I want to open an account in your bank. Accountant: Which type of account do you want to open? Harris: I want to open a saving bank account. Accountant: Please fill this form and get this introduced by a person who has an account in this bank. Harris: How much money is needed to open the account? Accountant: You can open an SB A/c with minimum amount of Rs.1000/- only. Harris: Will you also issue me a check book. Accountant: You will get a check book, and you will have to maintain a minimum balance of Rs.1000/Harris: Thank you. When shall I come to open an account? Accountant: Come any time between 10am to 1pm. Harris: Thanks for this information. Accountant: Its my pleasure. Answer the following questions. a. The conversation is between a customer and a _____21_____. b. The customer is interested in _____22_____. c. For the job he needs to fill _____23_____ and get _____24_____ by an _____25_____ in the bank. d. The minimum amount needed is _____26_____. He also wants a _____27_____ book. e. The customer is asked to come between _____28_____ and _____29_____ to _____30_____.

Section 4 Audio script: GWEN: Look what I brought. Surprise! A picnic! They said theyd let me bring this in. Look! A pic-a-nic basket. Like Yogi Bear! Eh? Boo-boo? Let me just set this up, EVEN though I know you cant eat, I just thought it would be nice to take us back oh, here they come. Well of course I know he cant accept it, theres a window between us duh! Hows he supposed to eat anything in that straight jacket thing anyway? Geez, cops sure are stupid. Oh damn I busted the crackers now just get back over there officer Fratello, he isnt going nowhere! Now, so I thought wed have a little picnic just like we did on our first date, up in the park? Ya know, by that first girl they found, down by the river? Well of course you remember. A little cheese, salami, French bread, this is that good French bread, its from Safeway. And this is the coup de gracie. (pulls out bottle of wine)

Hm? Its a merlot. Like like we used to have. Like blood huh? Thats why the Christians drink it. Cause Jesus gave his blood at the Last Supper. Cistercians and Benedictines grew grapes for wine in the middleages for the mass. Yeah, Ive been doing some research. Proud of me? Now I see your eyes. No this was my idea, not the cops. Look bear, you know, you know what theyre saying? Not the papers. Them. These detectives. Oh poopbear theyre saying you ate those girls. Ate them. They saw bite marks on the bones. I told them that it must have been a critter or somethin, a wolf, a bear or but they said the marks, the in-den-ta-tions match your teeth. Now I need to know. I need to know now. Youre all I know, youre the only person I can believe. No more secrets because The news is all sayin these girls had merlot in their stomachs and well, a heck of a lot of people drink merlot, so my boyfriend drinks merlot, and then sometimes I wash some blood out of his shirts, but thats from the hunting trip he says and thats what all that cured meat in the basement is, just deer meat, venison you say, and all this doesnt mean my boyfriend is a serial killer, it doesnt mean anything, none of it means anything, he just has a little problem, but eating? Eating women hon?! And dont tell me I should be happy in a way because you didnt have sex with them, thats what one of those cops said, the little shit, but damn poop-bear Id give anything at this point to just have a two timing philandering son-of-a-bitch. A cheater, why couldnt you just cheat hon? A DUI! Holding up an AM/PM?! Whys it gotta be eating human flesh? Listen to the speech carefully and supply with the missing words. Do not write more than three words in a blank. A. Look bear, you know, you know what theyre saying? Not _____31_____. Them. These _____32____. Oh poop-bear theyre saying you ate those girls. Ate them. They saw bite marks on _____33_____. I told them that it must have been a critter or something, a wolf, a bear or but they said the marks, the in-den-ta-tions match _____34_____. Now I need to know. I need to know now. Youre all I know, youre the only person I can believe. No more secrets because B. Now, so I thought wed have a _____35____ just like we did on our first date, up in the park? Ya know, by that _____36_____ they found, down by the river? Well of course you remember. A little cheese, _____37_____, French bread, this is that good French bread, its from _____38_____. And this is the _____39____. C. The news is all saying these girls had merlot in their _____40_____ and well, a heck of a lot of people drink merlot.