Mathematics Pratomsuksa 5 Chapter 5

Notes

Operations on
Fractions

5
Addition of fractions
Example:
1 + 3 = 1 4 + 3
2
8
2 4 8

= 4 + 3
8
8

= 7
8

2 1 + 7 = 11 + 7
5 10
5
10 Converted
to improper
22
7
fraction form

=
+
10 10

= 29
10
Converted
back to mixed

=2 9
10
number form

Converted
to equivalent
fraction
with same
denominator
as

3
8

Subtraction of fractions
Example:
2 4 = 2 3 4
3 9
3 3 9

= 6 4
9 9

= 2
9

4 3 1 5 = 19 13
4
8
4
8

= 38 13
8
8

= 25
8

= 31
8

Multiplication of fractions
Example:
2 3 = 2 3
7
7

= 6
7

5 5 = 5 7
6 8
69

= 35
54

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Mathematics Pratomsuksa 5 Chapter 5

Notes

Division of fractions
Example:
2
3
1
3
=
1
4
2
4
6

=
4
1

= 1
2

1
1
1
4 =
4
3
3
1

=
12

Reciprocal
1
of
2

Combined operations on fractions

1. Do the operations in brackets first, then the multiplication and
division from left to right, followed by the addition and subtraction
from left to right.
Example:
1
2
1
3 2
5
3
2
2
1
7
= 2
3
5
2
4
21
1
= 2
6
6
5
17
1
=
6
5
17
=
30

1
1
3
+ 2

4
2
4
1
2
3
= + 2
4
4
4
3
3
=
4
4
9
=
16

Patterns and relationship

Example:
1 2 3 4
, , , ... : The numerator increases by 1 while the
2 2 2 2
denominator remains the same.
3 5 7 9
, , , ... : The numerator increases by 2 while the
5 8 11 14
denominator increases by 3.
35

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Mathematics Pratomsuksa 5 Chapter 5

Exercises

A Find each sum and show the working. Give your answers

in the simplest form.

3
1
1. +
8
8
4
=
8
1
=
2

13
3
2. +
10 20
13
6
= +
20
20
19
=
20

5
5
3. +
6
18
15
5
= +
18 18
20
=
18
2
= 1
18
1
= 1
9

11
5
4. 2 + 3
18
9
23 65
= +
18
9
65
46
= +
18
18
111
=
18
1
3
= 6 = 6
6
18

8
5
5. 1 + 4
11
22
27 52
= +
22 11
104
27
= +
22
22
131
=
22
21
= 5
22

35
7
6. 2 + 4
60
12
31 275
= +
60
12
275
155
= +
60
60
430
=
60
1
10
= 7 = 7
6
60
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Mathematics Pratomsuksa 5 Chapter 5

Exercises

B Find the differences and show the working. Give your

answers in the simplest form.

1
7
1.
8
8
6
=
8
3
=
4

11 3
2.
12 4
9
11
=
12
12
2
=
12
1
=
6

5 12
3.
7 21
15 12
=
21 21
3
=
21
1
=
7

3
4. 12 3
5
60 18
=
5
5
42
=
5
2
= 8
5

3
3
5. 3 1
12
4
15
15
=
12
4
15
45
=
12
12
30
=
12
1
6
= 2 = 2
2
12

5
13
6. 4 2
6
18
17
85
=
6
18
51
85
=
18
18
34
=
18
8
16
= 1 = 1
9
18

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Mathematics Pratomsuksa 5 Chapter 5

Exercises

C Fill in the correct fractions in the boxes.

3
5
1. + =
8
24

5
3
+
24
8

18
18
1
1
2. 1 + = + 1
30
30
6
6
5
12
9
5
12
9
3. 2 + + = 2 + +
7
21
14
7
21
14
D Write the number sentences and find the answers. Show the

working.

1
1. At my birthday party, my sister ate of
5 4

of the
the pizzas and my brother ate
8
pizzas. How many pizzas were eaten by
my sister and brother?

5
1
Number sentence: + =
8
4

7
Answer: of the pizzas
8

2
2. I bought 1 gallons of oil but I used only
5
9
gallons of it. How much oil was left?
10

9
2
Number sentence: 1 =
10
5

1
Answer: gallons of oil
2

5
1
+
8
4
5
2
= +
8
8
7
=
8

9
2
1
10
5
9
7
=
10
5
9
14
=
10
10
1
5
= =
2
10

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Mathematics Pratomsuksa 5 Chapter 5

1
3. My mother is 38 years old. My father
2
5
is 2 years older than my mother. How
6
old is my father?

5
1
Number sentence: 38 + 2 =
6
2

1
Answer: 41 years old
3

1
4. In my garden, I planted 2 rows of
4
17
sunflowers and 3 rows of roses. How
20
many rows of flowers did I plant?

17
1
Number sentence: 2 + 3 =
20
4

1
Answer: 6 rows of flowers
10

1
5. Mother bought 2 kilograms of oranges
2
3
and 1 kilograms of mangosteens.
4
What is the difference in kilograms
between the two fruits that mother
bought?

Exercises

5
1
38 + 2
6
2
17
77
= +
6
2
17
231
= +
6
6
248
=
6
1
2
= 41 = 41
3
6

1
17
2 + 3
4
20
9
77
= +
4
20
45
77
= +
20
20
122
=
20
2
1
= 6 = 6
20
10

1
3
2 1
2
4
5
7
=
2
4
10
7
=
4
4
3
=
4

3
1
Number sentence: 2 1 =
4
2
3
Answer: kilograms
4
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Exercises

Mathematics Pratomsuksa 5 Chapter 5

E Fill in the correct numbers.

2
2
2
2
1. + + + =
9
9
9
9

21
7 3
3
=
2. 7 =
7

7
7
3 5
15
5
3. 3 = =
8
8
8
F Find the answers. Give your answers in the simplest form.
2
8
1. 3 = 2
3
9

1
4
2. 2 = 1
3
6

1
5
3. 5 = 3
8
8

2
4. 7 =
7

2
6
5. 15 = 8
11
11

3
6. of 36 is
4

27

1
7. of 32 is
8

8
8. of 100 is
10

80

8
9. of 60 is
15

32

1
7
10. =
6
8

48

3
5
11. =
5
9

32
4
8
12. =
81
9
9

13
15
13. =
15
13

12
10
14. =
17
10

12

17

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Mathematics Pratomsuksa 5 Chapter 5

Exercises

G Show the working. Give your answers in the simplest form.

1
1
1.
7
2
1
=
14

2
1
2.
5
10
2
=
50
1
=
25

7
25
3.
5
49
175
=
245
5
=
7

11
24
4.
12
22
264
=
264
= 1

15
4
5. 6
17
5
15 34
=
17 5
510
=
85
= 6

2
3
6. 1 2
3
5
5 13
=
3
5
65
5
= = 4
15
15
1
= 4
3

H Write the number sentences and show the working. Give

your answers in the simplest form.

6
1. There are 150 students in 5th grade.
10
of the students are girls. How many girls
are there in the 5th grade?

6
Number sentence: 150
10
Answer: 90 girls

6
150
10
900
=
10
= 90

41

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Mathematics Pratomsuksa 5 Chapter 5

Exercises

2
2. Ploy owns of a rai of farmland. She
5
2
grows beets on of her land. How
3
many rai of farmland does she use to
grow beets?

2
2

3
5
4
=
15

2
2
Number sentence:
3
5
4
Answer: rai
15

3. Linda buys a ream of paper that has

15
500 sheets of paper. She uses of the
20
ream of paper. How many sheets does
Linda use?

15
Number sentence: 500
20

Answer: 375 sheets

5
4. of a class of students love field
7
events. Out of that smaller group of
7
students, of them love long jump
10
event. What is the fraction of the
students that love long jump event from

15
500
20
7,500
=
20
= 375

7
5

10
7
35
=
70
1
=
2

the whole class of students?

7
5
Number sentence:
10
7
1
Answer: of students
2
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Mathematics Pratomsuksa 5 Chapter 5

Exercises

I Calculate each of the following. Show the working.

4
1
1. 1
9
2

13
2
=
9
1
26
=
9
8
= 2
9

2
1
3. 2
3
5

2
11
=
3
5
2
5
=
3
11
10
=
33

9
3
5.
14
7

9
7
=
14
3
63
=
42
21
1
= 1 = 1
42
2

3
2. 2 15
4

11
= 15
4
11
1
=
4
15
11
=
60

1
4. 12
6

6
= 12
1

= 72

2
2
6.
10
5

2
5
=
10
2
10
=
20
1
=
2

4
4
7.
15
15
41
151
=
151
41

5
5
8. 5 2
8
8

= 1

45
21
=
8
8
45
81
=
81
21
45 15
=
21 7

1
= 2
7
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Mathematics Pratomsuksa 5 Chapter 5

Exercises

J Solve the problems and show the workings. Give each

answer in its simplest form.

3
1. Sam made liter of orange juice. Each
4
1
mug holds liter. How many mugs will
8
Sam able to fill with all the orange juice?

3
1
Number sentence: =
4
8

Answer: 6 mugs

1
2. There is of a pizza left over. 3 students
2
took home the same amount of the
leftover pizza. How much pizza did each
student take home?

1
Number sentence: 3 =
2
1
Answer: of a pizza
6

1
3. Christina needs 16 liters of water from
2
a pool to fill up a big container. However,
3
she has a bucket that can hold liter
4
of water. How many times does Christina
need to scoop the water from the pool

3
1

4
8
3
82
=
41
1
= 6

1
3
2
1
1
=
2
3
1
=
6

1
3
16
2
4
11

33
4
=

21
31
= 22

with her bucket to fill the container?

1
3
Number sentence: 16 =
2
4

Answer: 22 times
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Mathematics Pratomsuksa 5 Chapter 5

Exercises

K Perform the operations and show the workings.

4
9
4
1. + 2
5
15
7

12
9
4
= + 2
15
15
7

21
4
=
15
71

12
=
15

4
=
5

3
1
3
2. 2
7
14
8

6
1
8
= 2
14
14
3

5
8
=
14
3

20
=
21

2
5
17
3. 2
3
6
24

5 24
2
= 2
61 17
3

3
5
4. 5 2
4
9
1

5
3
= 5 2
9
4

2
20
=
3
17

5
= 5
12

40
=
51

60
5
=
12
12

55
7
= = 4
12
12

1
3
5
3
5. + 1 2 1 2
2
4
8
4

1
7
13 3
= + 2 2
2
4
8
4
2
7
13 6
= + 2 2
4
4
8
8
9
7
=
4
8
2

8
18
4
9
= = = 2
7
7
7
4

5
1
5
6. 6 2 2 1 2
8
4
8

5
5
21
= 6 2 2
4
8
8
48 21
10 5
= 2 2
8
8
8
8
27 5
=
8
8
135
7
= = 2
64
64

45

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Mathematics Pratomsuksa 5 Chapter 5

Exercises

5
12
3
7. + 2
7
21
10

15
12
3
= + 2
21
21
10

3
27
=
10
21
1

7
1
1
3
8. 2 1 + 2
9
3
4
12

7
3
5
3
= 2 + 2
9
9
4
12

15
3
4
= + 2
12
12
9
1

21
3
=
27
10

18
4
=
12
9
1

7
=
30

2
=
3

93

L Write the number sentences and show the workings. Give

each answer in its simplest form.

2 40
1. Ton had 120 toy cars in his store. He sold
120 45
2

3
1
of them at 45 Baht each. How much
3
= 80 45
money did he receive?
= 3,600

2
Number sentence: 120 45 =
3

Answer: 3,600 Baht

1
1
2. Nook has 125 Baht. Nut has 2 of what 125 + 2 125
5
5

Nook has. What is the total amount of
11 25
= 125 + 125
51
money the two girls have?

1
Number sentence: 125 + 2 125 =
5

Answer: 400 Baht

= 125 + 275
= 400

46

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Mathematics Pratomsuksa 5 Chapter 5

2
3. A factory used of a barrel of almonds
5
to make 2 batches of granola bars. The

Exercises

22 500

5
1
2

= 500
5 21
factory makes 500 batches of granola
1
bars. How many barrels of almonds did = 500
5
the factory need?
= 100
2
Number sentence: 22 500 =
5

Answer: 100 barrels of almonds

50

16
16
4. There are 1,250 students in a school. 1,250 1,250
25
25
1
of students are girls. How many boys are = 1,250 800
there in the school?
= 450

16
Number sentence: 1,250 1,2502
25

=

Answer: 450 boys

M Study the number patterns below. Fill in the correct missing

numbers.

32
64
2 4 8 16
1. , , , , ,
48
96
3 6 12 24
3
243 81 27 9
2. , , , , ,
12
972 324 108 36
7
5
3
3. , 3, , 2, ,
2
2
2
1 1 3
4. , , ,
10 5 10

2
1
, ,
5
2

2
3
7 4
, ,
5
10 5
47

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Mathematics Pratomsuksa 5 Chapter 5

Mastery Practice

Mas t e r y

P r ac t i ce
11
A 7
16
5
B 7
16

1. What is the fraction of the

shaded parts in the above
diagram?
7
1
C
A
12
2
3
5
D
B
4
12

8
kilogram of
10
papayas. His mother gives him
1
kilogram of papayas. What
2
is the total mass of papayas, in

6. Ace has

kilograms Ace has?

9
10
C
A
12
8
13
4
D
B
10
12

2. Which of the following fractions

has the largest value?
5
13
C
A
8
16
1
3
D
B
2
4

7. Jane has 1 liter of milk. She

3
gives liter of milk to her
5
kittens. How many liter of milk

3. Which of the following has a

3
value greater than ?
4
1
1
C
A
3
2
7
2
D
B
8
3
3
5
4. 1 + =
7
7
10
A 1
7
15
B 1
7

6
C 7
24
5
D 12
128

does she have left?

1
3
C
A
6
5
2
2
D
B
6
5
1
1
3
8. + 2 +
2
8
4
3
1
1
A + + 2
4
8
2
1
1
3
B + 2
8
2
4
1
4
1
C + 2 +
8
3
2
1
1
3
D + 2
2
8
4

1
C 2
7
1
D 3
7

5
5. John has 4 meters of rope.
8
1
Joe has 3 meters of rope.
16
How long are their ropes
together?
48

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Mathematics Pratomsuksa 5 Chapter 5

1
2
9. 4 1 =
2
7
45
A
7
45
B
14
3
10. 256 =
4
A 180
B 45
5
3
11. 6 =
6
7
5
A 6
7
5
B 7
7

Mastery Practice

4
15. A class has 42 students. of
7
the students wear spectacles.
If there are 9 girls wearing
spectacles, how many boys
wear spectacles?
A 9
C 24
B 15
D 36

20
C
7
20
D
14

C 70
D 192

1
1
16. 2 1 +
6
4
7
A 1
12
11
B 1
15

6
C 6
7
6
D 6
7

1
2 =
3

7
C 1
19
3
D 2
5

4
1
3
17. 2 =
15
8
4
1
C
A
5
1
D
B
8

12. Zak collected 126 durians

2
from his farm. He sold of his
3
durian. How many durians are
left?
A 42
B 50

6
1

1
18. A box consists 72 pens. and
4
5
of the pens are red and
12
black respectively and the rest

C 70
D 84
1
1
13. Evaluate 4 1 2 8.
2
6
1
1
C
A
3
2
1
1
D
B
5
4

are blue pens. Calculate the

number of blue pens.
A 18
C 30
B 24
D 48

14. Joshua receives a commission

1
of 18,000 B. He gives of the
3
1
money to his mother and
5
to his sister. How much money
is left?
A 6,000 B
B 3,600 B
C 8,400 B
D 9,600 B

5 3 4 7
, , , , 1,
3 2 3 6
19. What is the next fraction in the
above number pattern?
12
15
C
A
18
18
15
15
D
B
16
17
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