BOILER COMPONENT

The conversion of the heat released from the reactor to kinetic and then electric energy is done in the secondary circuit The !rimary "ater# "hich circulates in small tu$es at a tem!erature of %&' oC $oils the feed("ater that enters the steam generator at )* $ars and %%+ oC The moisture content of the generated steam of %*, oC must $e decreased# other"ise the tur$ine $lades "ould $e damaged This !ur!ose is served $y moisture se!arator shutters !ut into the "ay of steam -hen steam !asses through these !lates# "ater dro!s de!osit and thus the moisture content of the outgoing steam "ill only $e , %./

Structure of the steam generators in VVER-440 units

0 ( steam generator $ody# % ( !rimary cold leg collector# + ( !rimary hot leg collector# ) ( manhole# . ( heat e1changer tu$es# * ( vertical distance grid# '( hori2ontal distance grid# 3 ( feed"ater !i!eline# & ( se!arator# 0, ( !erforated sheet# 00 ( steam header# 0% 4 !rimary circuit header cover# 0+ ( secondary circuit header cover# 0) cover seals for the !rimary and secondary circuit# 0. ( secondary circuit seal cover monitoring location# 0* secondary circuit air vent# 0' ( !rimary circuit seal cover monitoring location# 03 ( !rimary circuit air vent# 0& ( header !eriodic $lo"do"n# %, ( steam generator !eriodic $lo"do"n# %0 ( steam generator !ermanent $lo"do"n# %% ( no22le# %+ ( !i!e unions for steam generator level checking

The steam leaves the steam generator at a mass flo" rate of )., t5h and heads to"ards the tur$ine# "here# $y $um!ing into the $lades# it rotates the tur$ine Out of the si1 steam generators three feed a tur$ine in a given unit 6there are t"o tur$ines for each unit7 In the tur$ogenerator# one shaft connects the high !ressure case# the lo" !ressure case and the generator rotor The high !ressure case has si1 stages# that is the e1!ansion and "ork of steam is done in si1 ste!s The tem!erature of the steam leaving the high !ressure case "ill go do"n to a!!ro1imately 0), oC and its moisture content "ill rise to 0%/ Therefore# $efore it enters the lo" !ressure case# it must go throug the so called moisture se!arator reheater# "hich removes the harmful dro!s and raises the tem!erature a$ove the saturation value The t"o lo" !ressure cases $oth have five stages The steam that has already done its "ork goes to the condenser# "here in almost 0+ ,,, co!!er tu$es cooling "ater taken from the 8anu$e flo"s The steam condenses at a$out %. oC on the cooling tu$es T"o condensers $elong to each tur$ine The !ressure 6vacuum7 is ke!t at

, ,+. $ar in the condensers 6steam is driven through the tur$ine $y the !ressure difference $et"een the steam generator and condenser7 The condensed coolant is $rought $ack to the steam generator $y feed"ater !um!s after it gets through cleaner and !reheater e9ui!ment Preheating is mainly necessary $ecause in this "ay higher overall !lant efficiency can $e achieved Preheating is done using steam from the tur$ines