LNG AT GLANCE

❖ Vishv Patel ❖ Dhiren Prajapati ❖ Kishan Jadav

Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University
Abstract The LNG Value Chain
Thanks to Technology, the energy industry today is
moving towards an almost seamless environment. 7. Regasification Process
Due to increasing demand for natural gas in the
❖ Regasification is a process of
world today, transportation has become necessity
converting LNG at −162 °C (−260°F)
across the world. Liquefying the Natural Gas
temperature back to natural gas at
provides safe and cheaper fuel for transportation.
atmospheric temperature.
LNG is an attractive technology for transporting
❖ There are multiple ways to heat the
Natural gas across the world. Throughout the
LNG for vaporisation, including;
poster, we have discussed a typical Liquefied
Natural Gas(LNG) process, production, commercial 1.Open Rack Vaporisers(ORV)
aspects, their uses and liquefaction technology. 3. Shipping
❖ LNG is shipped commercially in a fully refrigerated liquid
state. When LNG is to be transported at any long distance,
1. Exploration & Production it is most often transported by sea in specialized LNG
What is LNG? Exploration to find natural gas in the earth’s crust and Carriers. The fundamental difference between LNG
production of the gas for delivery to gas users. Most, but not all, carriers and other tankers is the cargo containment and
❖ Liquefied natural gas is natural gas, primarily of the time natural gas is discovered during the search for oil. handling system. The combination of the metallic-tank
composed of methane, which has been containment and insulation needed to store LNG is called
converted to liquid form for ease of storage and 2. Liquefaction a “containment system.”
transport. ❖ Using specialized, double-skinned tank trucks, liquefied 2. Submerged Combustion Vaporisers(SCV)
❖ LNG takes up about 1/600th the volume of natural gas can be transported to are gasification facility
natural gas. A liquefied natural gas plant is roughly divided into five stages: quickly and effectively.
❖ It is odorless, colorless, non-toxic and non-
corrosive. ➢ Pre-treatment 4. LNG Terminal 6.Recieving,Unloading
➢ Acid gas removal & Storage of LNG
❖ LNG terminal, which is a
➢ Dehydration
reception facility for
➢ Liquefaction and ❖ The LNG gas is received at
unloading of cargo from
Composition Of LNG ➢ Heavy oil separation. -160 °C while transferring to
LNG tankers, is a purpose
the tanks.
built port for export and
Chemical Chemical Low High ❖ Major liquefaction processes are as follows:
import of LNG.
❖ The tanker is moored at the
unloading quay and the LNG 3. Intermediate Fluid Vaporisers(IFV)
Formula ❖ A variety of facilities for is offloaded using three arms
1. C3-MR method: The C3-MR method is currently the main unloading, regasification, ❖ storing at specially built
Methane CH4 87% 99% working method used at plants. Propane and mixed coolants tanking, metering etc. of cryogenic tanks, which are
(nitrogen, methane, ethane and propane) are used as the LNG are provided at these double walled insulated
Ethane C2H6 <1% 10% coolant (APCI), and an improvement on this method called terminals. tanks, made to store the gas
the AP-X method is also used for large LNG plants. in liquid state by preventing
Propane C2H8 >1% 5% 5. Components of LNG boil-off.
2. Cascade method:This method sequentially uses
Butane C4H10 >1% >1% propane, ethylene and methane as the coolants. This Receiving Terminal
method is implemented in Conoco Philips. ❖ unloading jetty & trestle connecting pipe
Nitrogen N2 0.1% 1% 3. DMR method:This method uses two kinds of mixed to shore
coolants (an ethane and propane mix and a nitrogen- ❖ LNG storage tank and low pressure pump Cold Energy Utilization
Other Various Trace Trace methane, ethane and propane mix). This method is ❖ boil off gas (BOG) handling and
implemented in shell. During LNG production, approximately 500 kWh
Hydrocarb recondenser
energy/t LNG is consumed for compression and
ons 4. SMR method: This method is called the PRICO process ❖ high pressure pumps (secondary) and
refrigeration and a considerable portion of this
and uses only one kind of mixed coolant. vaporizers
invested energy is preserved in the LNG, which has a
❖ process control and safe guarding system
final temperature of about -163° C (110 K).

References
Conclusion
[1]"Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), Liquefied Natural Gas
(LNG) and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)". Envocare Ltd. LNG industry is gaining popularity today, because of its efficient transportation and new development in the cold energy utilization which makes it more affordable for
2007-03-21. Retrieved 2008-09-03
[2]"Liquefied Natural Gas - LNG". Retrieved 17 April 2015 developing countries like India. India, today has a four Regasification plants and planning to build three more due to growing demand in power, vehicle and industries.
[3]http://www.bp.com/genericsection.do?categoryId=92
&contentId=7005893
[4] www.beg.utexas.edu/energyecon/ln “…a Good Alternative to a Dirty Past, LNG is becoming a Leader in Energy Solutions...’’