TPG 4140 Natural Gas 2011

LNG
LNG – Fu
Funda
ndame
menta
ntall Princ
Principl
iples
es
Jostein Pettersen

1- 2010-09-26
 Outline

• Why LNG?
• Wh
Wha
at is
is LNG
LNG ?
• Ap
Appl
plica
icati
tion
ons
s of
of LNG
LNG
• LNG tr
trad
ade
e and
and LNG
LNG chai
chain
n
• Ga
Gas
s pre
pre-t
-tre
reat
atme
ment
nt
• Ga
Gas
s liliqu
quef
efac
acti
tion
on
• LNG stor
storage
age and loa
loadin
ding
g
• LN
LNG
G tr
tran
ansp
spor
ortt
• LNG rec
receiv
eiving
ing ter
termin
minals
als

2- 2010-09-26
 Why produce LNG?
LNG is mainly produced
prod uced for transportation
transpor tation purposes
purp oses
•In situations w here the gas
gas market is far fro m the sourc e of the natural
natural gas it
is more economi
economi cal to t ransport t he gas
gas as LNG instead
instead of in a natural gas
gas
pipeline.
•LNG also off ers greater
greater flexibilit y t han pipeline gas

3- 2010-09-26
 What is LNG ? LNG = Liquefi
Liq uefied
ed Natu
Natural
ral Gas

LNG is a cryogenic liqui

l iqui d
 A cryogenic liquid is the liquid form of any element or compound
that liquefies at a temperature below –73 °C (-100 °F) at atmospheric
pressure. Common cryogenic liquids are: Nitrogen, Oxygen, Helium,
Hydrogen and LNG

• LNG is natura
naturall gas that
that has been cooled
cooled and conden
condensed
sed
to a liquid
• At atmosphe
atmospheric
ric pressure
pressure LNG
LNG has a tempe
temperature
rature of
of about
about
 –162 ºC or -260 ºF
• LNG cont
contain
ains
s about
about 85-95
85-95 % meth
methane
ane
• LNG is colorle
colorless,
ss, odorless
odorless,, non-corrosi
non-corrosive
ve and non-t
non-toxic
oxic
• Evaporated
Evaporated LNG can
can displace
displace oxygen
oxygen and cause
cause human
human
suffocation
• Flamm
Flammabili
ability
ty range,
range, 5-15
5-15 vol % concen
concentratio
tration
n in air 
• Aut
Autoig
oignit
nition
ion temp
tempera
eratur
ture,
e, 540
540°C

4- 2010-09-26
 LNG Density
1 m 3 LNG corr
corresponds
esponds
3
to 600 Sm natur
natural
al gas
gas
S = Stand
Standard
ard state,
s tate, 15 C, 1 atm
 

 A t t em
 At empp er
erat
atu
u r es ab
aboo v e -110
-110 ºC
LNG vapour is i s li ghter than air 

LNG is ligh
l ighter
ter than water 
L NG Den s it
it y : 450 k g /m
/m 3
Water density
densi ty:: 10
1000
00 kg
kg/m/m3

5- 2010-09-26