UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM AND ENERGY STUDIES, DEHRADUN

B. Tech. APE Upstream Fluid Mechanics in Petroleum Engineering (PEAU 2005)

Assignment No. 2
Last date for the Assignment Submission: 28th April 2023
1. An orifice with a 2 in diameter opening is used to
measure the mass flow rate of water at 60°F (ρ =
62.36 lbm/ft3 and μ = 7.536 × 10-4 lbm/ft-s) through
a horizontal 4 in. diameter pipe. A mercury
manometer is used to measure the pressure difference
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across the orifice. If the differential height of the
manometer is read to be 6 in, determine the volume
flow rate of water through the pipe, the average
velocity, and the head loss caused by the orifice
meter.
2. Air flows through a pipe at a rate of 200 L/s. The pipe
consists of two sections of diameters 20 cm and 10
cm with a smooth reducing section that connects
them. The pressure difference between the two pipe
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sections is measured by a water manometer.
Neglecting frictional effects, determine the
differential height of water between the two pipe
sections. Take the air density to be 1.20 kg/m3.
3. The flow rate of water at 20°C (ρ = 998 kg/m3 and μ
= 1.002 × 10-3 kg/m-s) through a 4 cm diameter pipe
is measured with a 2 cm diameter nozzle meter
equipped with an inverted air–water manometer. If
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the manometer indicates a differential water height of
32 cm, determine the volume flow rate of water and
the head loss caused by the nozzle meter
4. 215 liters of gasoline of specific gravity 0.82 flow per second upward in an inclined Venturimeter
fitted at a 300mm diameter pipe. The Venturimeter is inclined at 600 to the vertical and its 150mm
diameter throat is 1.2m from the entrance along its length. Pressure gauges inserted at the entrance
and throat show a pressure of 0.141N/mm2 and 0.077 N/mm2, respectively. Calculate the discharge CO3
coefficient of the venturimeter. If instead of pressure gauges at the entrance and throat of the
venturimeter are connected to the two limbs of a U-tube mercury manometer, determine the reading
in mm of the differential mercury column.
5. A hemispherical cistern of 4m radius is full of water. It is fitted with 60 mm diameter sharp-edged
orifice at the bottom. Calculate the time required to lower the level in the cistern by 2 meters. Take CO3
Cd = 0.60.
6. A venturi-meter is used for measurement of discharge of water in horizontal pipeline. If the ratio of
upstream pipe diameter to that of throat is 2:1, upstream diameter is 300 mm, the difference in
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pressure between the throat and upstream is equal to 3 m head of water and loss of head through meter
is one-eighth of the throat velocity head, calculate the discharge in the pipe.
7. Find the discharge through a trapezoidal notch which is 1.2 m wide at the top and 0.50 m at the bottom
and is 40 cm in height. The head of water on the notch is 30 cm. Assume Cd for rectangular portion CO3
as 0.62, while that for triangular notch is 0.60.
8. Two reservoirs with a difference in elevation of 15m are connected by the three pipes in series. The
pipes are 300m long of 30cm diameter, 150m long of 20 cm diameter and 200m long of 25cm
diameter, respectively. The friction factors for the three pipes are 0.018, 0.020 and 0.019, CO4
respectively. The contractions and expansions are sudden. Determine the flow rate in liter/s, if the
loss coefficient for the sudden contractions (Kc) from 30cm to 20cm is 0.24.
9. Two sharp ended pipes of diameters 60 mm and 100 mm, respectively, each of length 150m are
connected in parallel between two reservoirs which have a difference of level of 15 m. If the
coefficient of friction for each pipe is f = 0.08, calculate the rate of flow for each pipe and also the CO4
diameter of a single pipe 150 m long which would give the same discharge, if it were substituted for
the original two pipes.
10. A pipe of diameter 25 cm and length 2000 m connects two reservoirs, having difference of water
level 25 m. Determine the discharge through the pipe. If an additional pipe of diameter 25 cm and
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length 1000 m is attached to the last 1000 m length of the existing pipe, find the increase in discharge.
Take f = 0.015 and neglect minor losses.