Akfl isyjfjlf

AGATHIYAN PRODUCTION HOUSE

Akfl isyjfjlf

Akfl isyjfjlf
kiepajs k_fj;amof Fxjyaaf

Akfl isyjfjlf
kiepajs k_fj;amof Fxjyaaf wiyspqG ~ Fjkfkspaf ]aohqglf Kzashfhaulf, jufuaT 641305 elgfGhfhadyplf, ejaplfhkfKzaf 98420 27383 98425 50987 Atma Vilakam
by Thavayogi Thangarasan Adigal

Published by Sri Agathiar Gnana Peedam Thooripalam, Kallar 641305 Methupalaiyam Coimbatore 98420 27383 98425 50987

An Agathiyan Production House Publication 2012

wha:ygjfjlf
w<jofoak Mialsjyf ia[fdj JtshfH .................... 10 mskf;LkfK Fxjyaaf ia[fdj JtshfH ....................... 13 kiepajs k_fj;amof Fxjyaaf ia[fdj JtshfH ...... 16 LofOd; ................................................................. 21

]aolf ........................................................... 25
]ao ia[fI .................................................. 28 ]ao laafjfjlf ............................................ 31 ]aolf whTlf i[sLdtjyf .......................... 32

Aofla .......................................................... 37
AofflaIlf Fkof AtftUlf .......................... 38 Aofl wkysI ............................................... 40 Aofl ]aolf ................................................ 46 losk Akfla.................................................. 49 <qiakfla h;alakfla..................................... 54

wlpfhfwha:yf .............................................. 58
Sdtiof Wofhiof paaf? .............................. 64 msius_fjlf ...................................................... 65 msimjfks .......................................................... 66 Dpsuf mjfks .................................................... 67 <qiof ............................................................. 68

lolf .............................................................. 71
h;sMkfk lolf ................................................. 97 wiyslolf ..................................................... 97 Dyflolf..................................................... 100 lolf WofOlf lap vgfMljf j:is ............. 101 lolf Hkfks Fj_fja;lf mskfklf ....................... 106 Dbafmfms DbafI lolf ................................ 109

5 6

kkfKi_fjyff ................................................. 111

kkfKi isyjfjlf ........................................... 127

h]fm^k_fjyf .............................................. 129

h]fm^kLlf Fkof kkfKiLlf ..................... 132 h]fm^kLlf DgUlff................................... 133 h]fm^k_fjysof wmpufhaGjyf .................. 143 h]fm^k ndg .............................................. 147

7 8 9

Fnfkjfja;blf.............................................. 155 koflakfksd;jyf ........................................... 159 hs;h]fmlf ..................................................... 165

hs;h]fm hasballf ....................................... 170 is]f]ao enajfjsuf hs;h]fmlf .................... 174

10 11

VysPlf wihfhLlf ....................................... 189 ekatftlf ...................................................... 195

Dpsafjysof ekatftlf................................... 197

l;blf.......................................................... 199 hstiak wnts ............................................... 202

12 13

SofHtfT ia[ Dguf nulf ehBkuf ........ 206 epajlf ........................................................ 214
Fgfga_fj epajlf ....................................... 216 Spllf ......................................................... 218 nspllf .......................................................... 218 Amolf ........................................................ 220 hs;abpallf ................................................ 222

14 15

cmfMjfjatfTlf loskOlf.............................. 225

Miamlff ........................................................ 237

kspaolf ....................................................... 260

Sufutkfkaaf kspaolf wmpfiK Whfhx?...... 265 KtI ia[fjfdj............................................ 268 kspaokfksof Fimsplf is]f]ao enajfjsuf .. 270 FB ........................................................... 272 h;laB ...................................................... 274 FB h;laB ltfTlf Dpsaf ekatftlf ....... 276

w<jofoak Mialsjyf ia[fdj JtshfH

w<jofoak Mialsjyf

Snfkspaisuf jufjkfkaisuf FGkfK ^as Woft Xasuf 1814 Alf AbfG dk lakkfksuf hstnfkaaf. kofOdgp 18iK ipksuf msgfgja_f, hafladi wmoftdgnfkaaf. hsof klK 30iK ipksuf kapfuanfK i[spaj luapa infkdgnfkaaf. luapaisuf wjga Feua|fgaasUlf

11

u_fjaispsUlf, eh;ajf wkUjf AofmosUlf hu AbfGjyf kilf wmpfK STkspaj eh;ajf kahfha njasuf Dyfy mqokfK lpaolf F:jsuf JxdmpsgfG 75 AbfGjyaj ki ia[fdj ia[fnfkaaf. Mialsjyff ksaseuaj m]fmaas. luapaisuf hu D:ikfksuf hu Xafjysuf F_fj_fej jagfms wjaGkfkaaf. MialsjYjfJ 3 mqgafjyf S:nfkoaf - iqliaf (Snfekaosmspa), mskf;LkfK Fxjyf (kls[fnaG), mkfpaonfka (luapa). S;alus_fj Fxjyaaf hsthfhktfJ 9 i:g_fjYjfJ LofH hstnfk w<jofoakaf S;alus_fj Fxjyad;jf J:iajjf wjabfG Fiaf ks:D:ihf hgkfdk i[shgfG infkaaf. Mialsjyf kaof mlaks FdgphfehaJlf nayf JtshfhsgfG cofT lak_fjYjfJ Lofeh Dgof S:hfeha:jfJ kjiuf wkasiskfKisgfgaaf.

12

Fkofhx mlaksjf jgfxg eidujyf Kijfjhfhgfgo. kofOdgp ejaib_fjyf, kbfbqaf JxjfJlf wjagfga_fJmfms, Amohfhudj, m_fJ, hak;gfdm, kaof i[shgfG infk S;alus_fj Fxjyaaf hglf Sdijdy mlaksjfJyf dikfKisg eibfGlf WofT whaofOmals elmoaasglf rtsoaaf. S;alus_fj Fxjyaaf ldtIjfJhf hsofOlf 85 i:glf ia[fnfK 25.1.1959 Alf ekkspsuf dkhf^mlf FofT Fksjadu 4.30lbsjfJ S;alus_fj Fxjyf mlakspao Fek dkhf^mkfkofT ^;bmlaks mlakspdgnfkaaf.

13

mskf;LkfK Fxjyaaf ia[fdj JtshfH

mskf;LkfK Fxjyf

1900 Alf AbfG Ehf;uf laklf maafias i:glf mskfksd; Lkuf nayf Hkof js[dl S;alnakH;lf laigfglf hdojfJylf F:jsuf hstnfkaaf.

14

Siaf msTipksuf V: whbfbsglf mqos wjaG WofT ejgfj isdypaxjf wjabfx:nfk Fhf whbf lbfdb WGkfK wjaGjfj Si:lf djpsuf Fkdo ia_fj FK majfjd;paj latspK. F_fjay ekis Flflof mnfnskspsuf paIlf h;wiyspajs h;]femakslplaj ekatftlyskfkdkhf Fhfhaufp ipksuf jbfgaaf. Fxjfjx mjm mlaks wha:nfks jqe[ is{nfK isGiaaf. 1922 Alf AbfG Siaf luapa naG infkdgnfkaaf. AT AbfGjyf j[skfK 1928 Alf AbfG kapfnaG ks:lfhsoaaf. 1929 Suf msijals Flfdldp lbnfkaaf. hstJ lThxPlf kosep luapa infkdgnfkaaf. FhfehaK w<jofoak Mialsjyauf Si:jfJ kqgfdm k;hfwhtftK. hsofoaf kapfnaG ks:lfhs lThxPlf 1940 Suf luapa infkdgnfkaaf. mskf;LkfK Fxjyf 1947 Suf kapfnaG ks:hfhspKlf F[jofJylf Woft Xasuf F:wyays lglf nsTis ldois ljdo kiwnts k{imf wmpfkaaf. Fxjyaaf moflaafjfj ehakdojdy rts infkaaf. hsofoaf hdojfJykfksuf Aofl manfks nsdupkfdk wkag_fjsoaaf.

15

Fxjyaasof FtsId;jyf FdokfKlf wkaJj whtfT F:wyays WofOlf whpasgfG Nzuaj wiysinfK ljfjdy nufi[shfhGkfkso.

16

kiepajs k_fj;amof Fxjyaaf ia[fdj JtshfH

SnfNzusof Amsasp;ao

kiepajs k_fj;amof Fxjyaaf Fiafjyf Ed[ wnmiayaf JGlfhkfksuf coftaiK ljiajhf hstnfkiaf. hxhfHjfJjf rg imkspsofts Fxhfhdg jufis jtfjei i[spsofts F:lfhaG hgfGkf Foftag wmpfkskfkayf isnsepajlf wmpfK Fksuf jsdgkfk

17

wmatfh i:laoakfdk dikfK hxhfhxpaj LKjduhf hgfglf whtftiaf. Fxjyaaf hsofoauf Adg wka[stfmadu ngkfks infkaaf. Aoflqj nagfglf wjabfg Siaf hu mskfkafjyf Mixjdyhf hxkfK ApfI ngkfksoaaff. kis; Sujfjsp eldgmf wmatfwha[siay;ajIlf hgfxloft_fjysuf nGi;ajIlf S:nfK Sujfjsphfhbsdp wmifieo wmpfkaaf. kofOdgp ia[fjd f jpsuf mskfkafjyf ljkfKilf DbafnfK klK 50iK ipksuf Sufutkfdkkf KtnfK KtI ^bfG wjaufusldu, mK;jsas, whaksdj, Jtftaulf, wiyfysp_fjsas ehaoft Sg_fjysuf Jdjiamlf eltfwjabfG lawh:lf khmspaj ia[fnfkaaf. Fxjyaaf kilf wjayfYlf jaukfksuf jufuatsuf ]aohqglf Fdlhfhapf WofT Dkfks;I AoK. Fkof nslskfkel ~ Fjkfkspaf ]aohqglf FdljfjhfhgfgK.

18

Sptfdj W[suf wja]fMlf Xgfx ldumfma;usuf FdlnfKyfy Jxeu ~ Fjkfkspaf ]aohqglf AJlf. Fjkfkspaf 12000 Wofjst Nzusuf mskfkafjyf iamlf wmpfPlf ldujyf Woft kduhfhsuf 331iK hagusuf jq[f jbffgiaT JtshfhsghfhgfGyfyK.
laThga jufuaT lduphfha ljkfkao mstftuauof (Fjkfkspaf) ldukaoaJlf ektspekaaf msTjauof lduPlaJlf wkashfhao pamsjfjstiaf lduPlaJlf AThdg v[nfkwka: ksasiaof jaiuf Fhfheo Mhfhs;lbsp lduPlael

Skof isyjfjlf, jufuaTldu Fjkfkspaf ldu. ltfTlf pamjlf whtfTia{lf mskfkafjyf ldu. AThdg iqG wjabfg Mhfhs;lbspaf Mtftsjf ksasjsoft lduPlf AJlf. ]ao hqgkfksuf hu hu FtfHk_fjyf ngjfjsofto. S_fJ infK i[shaG wmpfeiaafjyf Kofhlf

19

nq_fjs ljs[fmfmspaj ia{jsoftoaf. mskfkafjyf js:dh nsofT isdypaGlf Snfk SgkfkstfJ hs;ahfklf Dyfy huljfjyf infK Fjkfkspaf js:dhdp whTjsoftoaf. Fxjyaaf kaof whtft SdtpOhikfdk Snfk Duj ljfjYlf wht eibfGlf Woft nufu enajfjkfksuf epaj ]aohf hpstfms FyskfK i:jstaaf. S_fJ laka laklf whyafblspofT msthfH i[shaG ltfTlf Fofokaolf ndgehTjstK. Snfk Ams;llf FdlnfKyfy Sgkfksof F:jsuf ioiamsjyf imsjfjsoftoaf. F_fJ imsjfJlf ioiams J[nfdkjgfJ jufis, mq:dg, Hkfkadg, W{K wha:gfjyf, hmspatftuf ehaoft Fthfhbsjyf Fxjyaaf wmpfK wjabfG S:jfjstaaf. Siaf W{ksp Nzuf FbffgLlf hsbfgLlf, Akfl kkfKilf, Akfl kasmolf. losk Dglfhsof F:dldphf ehatfts Dglfdh iyafjfJlf wntsjdyPlf Fkofculf Dpsd; iyafjfJlf wntsjdyPlf wkaJkfKkf knfk

20

Fjkfkspaf ltfTlf ks:iyfYiaf Lkuf iyfyuaaf id;pao mskfkaf l;hsuf infkiaf kiepajs k_fj;amof Fxjyaaf Fiafjyf WofT k]fma@af kls[fhufjdujfj[jlf Ldoiaf gajfgaf ms.Mhfhs;lbsplf kiepajspsof FbffgLlf hsbfgLlf HkfkjkfkstfjfJ ia[fkfKd; i[_fjsoaaf. k_fj;amof Fxjyaaf kiepajs, mskfkepajs, mskfk laafjfj FOhis WofT kikfks: X;aof Fxjyaaf kiepajspsof FbffgLlf hsbfgLlf HkfkjkfkstfjfJ ia[fkfKd; i[_fjsoaaf. jgnfk 12 AbfGjyaj jufuatsuf ki ia[fdj eltfwjabfG ia{lf jaukfksuf Sdt Dkfks;isof ehasuf leumspa ms_fjhf^af wmofT hufeiT Sg_fjysuf Fjkfkspaf ]ao hqgjfjqdyjdy nsTisoaaf. leumsp LkuaiK Duj mskfkaf wnts lanagfxUlf, kls[j S;bfgaiK Duj mskfkaf wnts lanagfxUlf kdudlhf H;iu;aj isy_fjsoaaf.

21

LofOd;
,e;j cyfpy; thGk; midj;J caph;fSk; xd;nw xd;iwj;jhd; ikakhf bfhz;L Mdhy; mJ v';nf ,Uf;fpwJ vd;W bjupahky; njoj; njo Xahky; miyfpd;wd. mJjhd; ,d;gk;; ,d;gk; ,d;gk;. Mk; ,d;gkhd thH;f;if.

22

nkYk; nkYk; kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; njo bghd; bghUs; nghd;wtw;iw nrh;g;gjd; nehf;fk; me;j ,d;gk; epiyahdjhf cz;ikahdjhf ,Uf;f ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhfj;jhd;. ,jw;F jhd;. mwpt[ mjpYk; bjspe;j mwpt[ vd;w xd;nw xd;W nghJk; ,e;j cz;ikahd ,d;g[w;W thH. ,d;gj;ij mila Kjy; mog;gilahd njit bghd;

bghUs; gzk; brhj;J kf;fs; my;y. mwpt[ xd;W

,e;j

cz;ikahd

,d;gk;

ek;kplk;

jhd;

,Uf;fpwJ ,e;j cyfpy; ntW v';Fk; ,y;iy vd;w mwpt[ xd;nw nghJk;.

ehk; ahh; vd;gij bjhpe;Jbfhz;lhny nghJk; ,e;j cz;ikahd ,d;gj;ij mila.

23

ek;ikg;gw;wp bjhptJ vd;why; cz;ikapy; ehk; ahh;/ Md;kh vd;why; vd;d/ mwpt[ my;yJ "hdk; vd;why; vd;d/ Mj;k "hdk; vd;why; vd;d/ kdk;/ bjspe;j kdk;/ kdj;jpd; ,af;fk;/ ,iwtd; vd;gtd; ahh;/ mq/ gukhq/ g";rg{jKk; mjd; jj;JtKk; ,af;fKk;/ cly;/ caph;/ cyfk; kw;Wk; gpug";rk; nghd;w ,itfs; vg;go njhd;wpd/ vg;go

,a';FfpwJ vd;w mwpt[/

24

cly;/ cly; cWg;g[fs; Fwpj;j mwpt[/ cly; ,af;fk;/ cly; eyk; gw;wpa mwpt[/ kdk;/ g";rg{j jj;Jt';fs; gw;wpa bjspt[/ ,itfisg;gw;wpa xl;Lbkhj;j mwpnt "hdk; my;yJ Mj;k "hdk; vdg;gLk;. ,e;j Mj;k"hdj;jhy; fpilg;gnj cz;ikahd ,d;g thH;f;if.

25

]aolf
"hdk; vd;whny mwpjy;/ mwptpd; bjhpe;j epiy vd;W brhy;yyhk;. ,d;bdhU tif tpsf;fk; "hyj;ij mwpjy; vd;Wk; brhy;yyhk;.

26

mqf;fs;

njhd;wp

mqf;fspd;

,izg;g[

,af;f';fshy; mz;l nguz;lkhfp gpug";rkhfp cyfhfp caph;fs; gyt[khfp/ vj;jidnahnfho rPtuhrpfspy; ehDk; xUtd; vd;fpw bjspt[ bgWtnj "hdkhFk;.

Koitg; bjhlf;fj;ij

gpoj;Jf; mwpayhk;.

bfhz;Lnghdhy; bjhlf;fj;ijg; Mf gpwg;gpd;

gpoj;jhy; Koita[k; mwpayhk;.

bjhlf;fj;ija[k; Koita[k; mwptnj "hdk;;.

,ijnajhd; mfj;jpah; TWk;nghJ/

kfj;jhd uf!;aklh "hdkhh;f;fk; ,z';fpanjhh; me;ju';fkhd Nl;rkk; Vfhe;j Nl;rbkd;w fijiaf; nfS Fz';Ftpa Mjp me;jf; Fwpia ed;wha; - brst[[kpa rhfuk] 113.

27

nkw;fz;l

ghly;

\yk;

Mjp

me;jf;Fwp

bjhptJjhd; "hdk; vd;gij mwpayhk;. "hdk; vd;whny mwpjy]/ mwptpd; bjspe;j epiy vd;W fz;nlhk;. ,d;bdhU tif tpsf;fk;/ "hyj;ij mwpjy; vd;Wk; brhy;yyhk;.

clypd; cs;ns caph; rf;jpahdJ RHd;W ,a';Fk;nghJ me;je;j clypd; mqf;TWfSf;F Vw;g caphpd; rpwg;ghw;wyhf vGk; tpist[fns czh;r;rpfs;.

,e;j czh;r;rpfisj; Ja;j;J capuhdJ bgUk; cz;ikj; bjspt[ jhd; mwpt[ my;yJ "hdk; vdg;gLk].

28

Md;k mwptpd; bjspnt "hdk;. mJ mwk;/ jtk; vd;fpw jtg;gapw;rp kl;Lk;jhd; Kaw;rpa[s;sth;fl;nf jj;Jt';fspd; mJ kw;wth;f;F rhj;jpak;. fpilf;Fk;. tpsf;f';fis mth;fs; bjhl;Lf;fhl;oa[k;/

mwpe;jth;fSf;nf

tpsf;fpa[k; Tw Koa[k;.

]ao ia[fI
thH;f;if vd;gJ \d;W mikg;gpny bray;gLfpwJ. 1. ,aw;if/ 2. rKjhak;/ 3. ,d;g Jd;g';fs;. ,k;\d;Wk; eph;zapf;fpd;wd. kdpjd; Mfnt thH;f;ifia ,k;\d;W

gFjpfisa[k; bjspthf Muha;e;J mwptpny KGik bgw;W thH;tnj "hd thH;t[. ,J jhd; ,d;g thH;t[.

29

bjspe;j ePhpny ePhpd; MHj;jpny ,Uf;fpd;w fw;fis fhz;gJ nghy btspr;rj;jpny nghy bra;tJ xU bghUs; vspJ. bghUs;fisf; tpw;gid tpiy tpiy vspjhf fhz;gJ eph;zak;

tpahghhpahdtDf;F

jd;Dila

fhuzk; bfhs;Kjy; tpiy bjhpe;jtd; tpw]gid eph;zak; Mirapdhy; clYk;/ bra;thd;. FLk;gKk;/ mwbewpahy; mijg;nghynt vz;z';fshy;

rKjhaKk;/ jj;Jt "hd tpsf;fj;jhy; "hdKk; rkhjhd thH;t[k; ek;ik Mf;ft[k;/ fhf;ft[k; cjt[fpd;wd.

Mfnt ek;Kila thH;f;ifapy; ve;j mst[ "hdk; ,lk;bgWfpwnjh me;j mstpny ekf;Fr; rpwg;ghd thH;t[ ,d;g[w;W thH;fpd;w epiy/ MH;e;j mikjp fpilf;Fk;.

30

mfu Kjy vGj;bjy;yhk; Mjpgftd; Kjw;nw cyF vd;w ts;Sth; Fwspd;go cyfj;J
caph;fs; Kjy; ,e;j cyfk; njhd;Wtjw;F \yfh;j;jh gftd; m vd;w xypahy; njhd;wpd. Mfnt mJnt Kjy; xypahd m vd;gjhFk;. gpuhzpfs; Kjy; kdpjd; ,ae;jpuk; xyp m tiu m

thiaj;jpwf;fpd;w nkw;fz;l

Jl';Ffpd;w \yk;

vd;gjhFk;. Mfnt jhd; ts;Stg;bgUkhd; Fwspd; fuj;ij Kjd;ikg;gLj;jpdhh;.

,e;j cyfj;jpy; cs;s caph;fs; vy;yhnk mwpt[ rPtd;fshf cs;sd. rpwg;gwptpd; \yk; Mdhy; kdpjd; epiybgw;w vd;w rPtDf;F kl;Lnk rpwg;gwpt[ cz;L. ,e;j bjspe;j bjspe;njhnu "hdpfs; vd miHf;fg;gLth;.

31

Jhprw;w J}a mwpt[ tothd ,aw;ifapd; ey;y rf;jpfis gad; ,y;iy. epidj;J czh;e;J bjspt[ milahtpl;lhy; xUtd; vj;jid fw;wpUe;Jk; cyfpnyna kpfg;bghpa fy;tp xd;W cz;L vd;why; mJnt "hdf; fy;tp.

"hdnk flt[s;. flt[s; Mthh;.

Md;k"hdk; mile;njhnu ,aw;ifapy; ciufpd;w

nguhw;wiyna ,iwtd; vd miHf;fpwhh;fs;. mfnt ,aw;ifna ,iwtd;. mtd; ghj';fis tz';Ftnj rpwg;gpwt[ MFk;. mJnt "hd khh;f;fj;jpd; jpwt[nfhy; vd;gij kwthjPh;fs;.

]ao laafjfjlf
ljkfkao ;jmsplao laafjfjlf ]ao laafjfjlf. FK VofetaG VofT SdbnfK nstfjsoft Fnfk;_fjlao vgfmlf.

32

]aolf whTlf i[sLdtjyf

thH;f;ifapy; jpdrhp ehk; ekJ kdj;ij xU Kf;fpakhd fUtpahff; bfhz;L ey;yJ bfl;lJ ,uz;Lf;Fnk cgnahfg; gLj;jp tUfpnwhk;. kdk; ,a';fhky; vija[k; bray;gLj;j KoahJ.

gytpjkhd

rf;jpfs;

gpug";rj;jpy;

gutpf;

fplf;fpd;wd. mjpy; Mf;fg{h;tkhd rf;jpfSk;/ mHpt[ rf;jpfSk; Mfhaj;jpy; Rw;wpf; bfhz;nl ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,jpy; rpy rf;jpfs; kpfgykhf ,a';Fk;/ rpy rf;jpfs; gytPdkhf ,a';Fk;. ey;y rf;jp miyfs; gykhf ,a';Fk; nghJ ehk; vLj;j fhhpak; btw;wp bgWk;. Mf;fpukpg;gpdhy;jhd; vz;z';fspYk;/ rpy ekJ thH;tpy; vd;fpw Vw;gLk; btw;wp njhy;tpfs; ,e;j ey;y bfl;l rf;jpfspd; eilbgWfpwJ btspapy; cz;ikia czu ntz;Lk;. ,jpy; rpy ekJ

33

rf;jpfspd; Mjpf;fj;jhYk; eilbgWk;. mjpypUe;J bgwntz;Lk;. kPsKoahJ. ,e;j

ekf;F jPa

mg;ghw;gl;l rf;jpapy; rpf;fpf;bfhs;Sk; nghJ ehk; rf;jpapypUe;J KGikahf tpLgl Md;k mwpt[

ehk; vg;nghJk; vy;nyhiua[k; md;g[ld; nerpj;J re;njhrj;Jld; bra;af; TlhJ. kdk; tpl;Lg;ngrp gHfp tuntz;Lk;. kdjhy; Tl xUtUf;Fk; jP';F ekJ guk vjphpf;Fk; Tl bfLjy; Vw;gLj;jf; TlhJ. ey;yijna bra; vdt[k; mtUf;Fk; ey;y vz;zj;ijf; bfhL vdt[k; ahh; ,iwtid ek;ik ehk; ntz;of;bfhs;s ehk; mtiu ntz;Lk;. ve;jf;fhyj;jpYk; ve;j rkaj;jpYk; fhzte;jhYk;; md;g[ld; tuntw;W cgrhpf;f ntz;Lk;. md;ghf ngrp mDg;g ntz;Lk;. ve;jf; fhuzj;ijf; bfhz;Lk; ahh; kPJk; nfhgg;gLtnjh jfhj thh;j;ijfshy; ittnjh TlhJ.

34

ntiyf;fhuh;fs;/ bghpath;fs;/ ekf;F nfhgk; cz;lhf;Fk;go ngRgth;fs; ahuhf ,Ue;jhYk; md;g[ld; ngrntz;Lk;. gpuhh;j;jpf;f ntz;Lk;. kdjpy; mth;fSf;F ey;y vz;zj;ijf; bfhLf;Fk;go ,iwtid

ghpRj;jkhd jFjp MFk;.

,jaj;ijg;

my;yJ

kdj;ijg;

kdpjd; bgw;wpUg;gnj "hdk; bgWtjw;F Kjy; ,e;j ghpRj;j kdk;; mwk;/ jtk;/ $gk;/ jpahdk; Kjypa gapw;rpapidj; bjhlh;e;J bra;J te;jhy; jhd; bgw Koa[k;.

Kjypy; nkw;fz;l

rpwe;j

FUtplk;

brd;W bjhlh;e;J

jd;id bra;J

mog;gilapy; jpUj;jp mthplk; ey;yhrp bgw;W gapw;rpapidj; tuntz;Lk;.

35

,jw;F Kjypy; kdk; vd;why; vd;d vd;W bjhpe;J bfhs;sntz;Lk;. ghpRj;jkhd ,jaj;ijg; bgw;wpUg;gnj kdpjd;.

thH;f;ifapy; jpdrhp ehk; ekJ kdj;ij xU Kf;fpakhd bfl;lJ tUfpnwhk;. fUtpahff; kdk; bfhz;L cgnahfg; ,a';fhky; ey;yJ/ gLj;jp vija[k; ,uz;Lf;Fnk

bray;gLj;j KoahJ.

Mj;k ekf;F MH;e;j

"hdj;ij mjpy; ntz;oaJ

Mz;-bgz; vy;yhk;/

,UghyUk; ,y;iy. kdk;/ ghpg{uz

milahsk;.

ve;jj;jila[k; jplkhd

ek;gpf;if/ mfj;jPrd; kPJ

ek;gpf;if itj;J mtdplk; ruzila ntz;Lk;.

36

ey;y

vz;z';fs;/ ekJ ek;

vy;nyhUk; vz;zj;ij kdjpd;

ed;whf ghpRj;jkhf

thHntz;Lk; vd;w vz;zk; ntz;Lk;. ehk; vg;nghJk; itj;Jf; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;. ntz;Lkhdhy; xG';F gLj;j ntz;Lk;. ghpRj;j kdk; bray;ghLfis

37

2 Aofla
Md;kh vd;why; ek;Kila cliy/ capiu ,af;Ffpd;w vspjpy; g[hpe;J bfhs;sKoahj Nl;rkf; fUtp vd;W brhy;yyhk;. Md;kh vd;gJ gukhj;khtpd; Mw;wy;. mwpt[ vd;gJ Md;khtpd; ,af;fr; rpwg;g[.

38

$Pt Md;khnth jd; epiy kwe;J $k;g[yd;fspy; bray;fSf;F Ml;gl;L/ g[yd;fspd; fth;r;rpapy; rpf;fp ka';Ffpd;w kaf;f epiyna khia vdg;gLtJ/ jd;Dila jttypikahy;

g[yd;fth;r;rpapy; ,Ue;J kPz;;L/ khiaia tpl;L tpyfp mwpit Md;khtpy; yapf;fr; bra;J mnjhL xd;whfp gpize;J yakhfpd;w epiyapy; ,Uf;fpd;wnghJjhd;/ me;j epiya[k; gpwHhky; ,Uf;Fk; nghJjhd; "hdk; vd;fpw tpHpg;g[ epiyapy; Md;kh vd;gJ ,af;f Mw;wyhft[k;/ cly; Md;khtpw;F fUtpahft[k; ,Uf;fpd;w epiya[k; czug;gLk;.

AofflaIlf Fkof AtftUlf

vz;zpyh ,g;gpug";rk; tps';FtJ mqrf;jp. nfho mz;l';fs; \y nguz;l';fs; fhuzkhf xU ,Ug;gJ njhd;Wtjw;F mog;gilahf

39

mijna rpj;jh;fs; "hdpfs; gukhq vd;W brhy;fpwhh;fs;. gukhq vd;;gJ gphpf;f Koahj mq vd;gJ bghUs;. me;jg; gukhqnt gue;J tphpe;J fplf;fpd;w mz;l nguz;l';fis ,af;fpf; bfhz;oUf;fpd;wJ. mijna gukhj;kh vd;wdh;. mnj \y mqtpd; Mw;wny xt;bthU $Ptuhrpfspd; ,af;f';fSf;Fk; fhuzkhf tps';Ftjhy; $Pthj;kh vd;wdh;.

Mfnt Md;kh vd;gJ msg;gwpa Mw;wy; kpf;fJ. me;j Mw;wy; ek;kplk; mjd; cs;sJ/ mJ cUtkhw;wJ. epfH;j;j Koa[k;. czh;e;J mij rf;jpia Mw;wiy

czh;e;jth;fs; kl;Lnk gy;ntW mw;g[j';fs; ek;kplk; cs;s kfj;Jtk; ekf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jpf; tha;e;j Mw;wy; kpf;f Md;khtpd; rf;jpia bfhs;tJjhd; Mj;k"hdkhFk;.

40

Mdhy;

ehk; ek;kplk; cs;s Md;khtpd; btspf;bfhzh;tJ vg;go vdj;bjhpe;J gytpj ,g;gog;gl;l bfhs;shky; my;yy;fSf;F my;yy;fspypUe;J

Mw;wiyg; g[hpe;J bfhs;shky; ek;kplk; cs;s Mw;wiy vg;go ,af;FtJ thH:f;ifapy; Mshfpnwhk;.

tpLjiy bgw Kad;W btw;wp fz;lth;fs;jhd; "hdpfSk; rpj;jh;fSk;.

Aofl wkysI
Md;kh mwptpd; bjspnt "hdk;. jtg;gapw;rp/ kl;Lk;jhd; jj;Jt';fspd; mJ kw;wth;f;F mJ mwk;/ jtk; vd;fpw Kaw;rpa[s;sth;fl;nf fpilf;Fk;. tpsf;f';fis mth;fs; bjhl;Lf;fhl;oa[k;/ mwpe;jth;fSf;nf rhj;jpak;.

tpsf;fpf; Tw Koa[k;/ "hdj;ij mspf;f ,aYk;.

v';nfnah guhkhj;khtpy;

btl;lbtspapy; njhd;wpaJkhd

njhd;wpa $Pthj;kh/

41

gukhj;khtpw;F Mjhuk; ,y;iy. ts;syhh;/

mijna

jha; tapw;wpy; gpwthJ jhnd Kisj;jikf;F bjz;ldpl;nld; vd;W brhy;yo

vd;w ghly; \yk; mwpayhk;. $Pthj;khtpw;F gukhj;kh Mjhuk;. gukhj;khtpw;F $Pthj;khtpw;F vd;d Mw;wy; cz;nlh mnj Mw;wy; $Pthj;khtpYk; cz;L. gukhj;kh Xh; ,aw;if. mnjnghy gukhj;khtpy; njhd;wpa $Pthj;kht[k; ,aw;ifapd; TW. gukhj;khtpy; msg;gwpa Mw;wy;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. mnjnghy $Pthj;khtpYk; cz;L. MFk;. ,e;j $Pthj;khtpd; mg{h;t rf;jpia gad;gLj;Jtnj/ Mj;k "hdk;

,ij

mwpahky; Ml;gl;L

,f

thH;f;ifapy; Md;khit

rpf;fp gy

khiaf;F

ekJ

42

Jd;gj;jpw;F

Mshf;Ffpnwhk;/

cz;lhf;Ffpnwhk;. mjdhy; jhd; Md;khit Jd;g[Wj;jy; TlhJ. Md;kneak; ntz;Lk; vd;W rhd;nwhh;fs; typa[Wj;Jfpd;wdh;. Md;khit tijf;;f TlhJ/ Md;kh gy Jd;g';fSf;F Mshf;Ffpnwhk;/ mjdhy;jhd; Md;kneak; Md;khitj; cz;lhf;Ffpnwhk;. Jd;g[Wj;jf;TlhJ rhd;nwhh;fs; mJ ntz;Lbkd;W

typa[Wj;J fpd;wdh;. Md;khit tijf;fTlhJ/ Md;kh gyJd;g';fSf;F mshfpd;wJ. vg;go vd;why;> flt[isj;njo mila Kad;Wk; mtdhy; flt[isf; fhz Koahj epiy. thH;tpy; tWikbaDk; gw;whf;Fiw. bra;fpd;w bray;fspd; tpist[fisg; bra;fpd;w gw;wp mwpahik/ o mwpe;Jk; epiy/ myl;rpak;

43

o mtkjpj;J

mjdhy;

Jd;gk;

mDgtpf;Fk; epiy. Md;khtpd; kfj;Jtk; g[hpahky;/ gpwh; kPJ mr;rKk; gif/ Jd;g[Wj;jy;/ nghd;wtw;why; my;yYWk; epiy. fhkk;/ Fnuhjk;/ nfhgk;/ nkhfk;/ kjk;/ khr;rh;ak;/ lk;gk;/ <h;ij nghd;w Fiwfs; xd;nwhblhd;W ,ize;J thH;f;if gytpj rpf;fy;fSf;F Mshfp mtw;iw yFthfj; jPh;f;f Koahky; jtpj;J jhd; Jd;g[w;W/ gpwiuj; Jd;g[Wj;jpa[k; thH;fpwhd;.

,g;gog;gl;l

rpf;fyhd

,f;fl;lhd

NH;epiy

tUfpwnghJ kdpjd; bjhpe;njh/ bjhpahknyh ,e;j ,f;fl;oypUe;J tpLjiy bgwntz;Lk; vd Kay;fpwhd;. xt;bthU $Pthj;khtplKk; Fiw eP';fp KGik bgwntz;Lk; vd;w Mh;tk;

44

jJk;gpf;bfhz;oUf;fpwJ.

mjd;

tpist[

rpe;jid Xl;lk; gpwf;fpwJ/ rpe;jpf;fpwhd;/ Kaw;rp bra;fpwhd;/ Kaw;rpapd; tpist[ bray;fspy; ,w';fp Xuhst[ czut[k; bra;fpwhd;. braYf;nfw;w tpist[fisf; fhz;fpwhd;. mtd;

kdpjdpd; beLe;J}ug; gazj;jpy; gurpe;jid thjpfs;/ rPh;jpUj;jthjpfs;/ ty;Ydh;fs;/ rpj;jh; bgUkf;fs; nghd;nwhh;fs; gy E}y;fs; vGjpa[k;/ nghjidfs; Twpa[k; kdpjd; FiwghLfis KGikahf ePf;f Koatpy;iy/ fhuzk; kdpjd; rKjhak; vd;fpw r';fypg; gpizg;gpy; thH;e;J bfhz;oUf;fpd;whd;. ,Ug;gpd; FiwghLfs; vy;yhhplKk; ,Uf;fpd;wd. fhuzk; mtdpd; njit/ gHf;fk;/ mwptpd; tsh;r;rp/ re;jh;g;g NH;epiyfs; ,tidf;Fiw cs;stdhf Mf;FfpwJ. ,tw;wpy; mwptpy; rpwe;j rpyh;kl;Lk; rpe;jpf;fpwhh;fs;. fhuz/ fhhpa';fis gFj;J czUfpwhh;fs;. mjdhy; jd; mstpy; gapw;rp

45

bgw;W

jd;Dila

Fiwia gyh;. ,g;go

ePf;fpf; gyh;

bfhs;fpwhh;fs;. czh;e;Jk; gHf;fj;ij

,tw;iw

czh;e;njhuhy; mth;fspy; Jzpt[

czh;j;jg;bgWfpwhh;fs; cgnjrk;

bgw;whYk;

gyngh; jh';fs; bgw;w tpsf;f';fSf;F Vw;g khw;wpf;bfhs;Sk; ,g;go rpy mst[ bgWtjpy;iy. gHf;fj;jpw;F

Md;khit kdpjd; moikahf;Ffpwhd;.

xt;bthU kdpjDk; xd;iw kwe;JtpLfpwhd;. xt;bthU gjpg;gpf;fg;gLfpwJ. J}a;ikahf;fp fyf;fnt czuhky; rpe;jidapy; ek; braYk; Mfnt ehk; Md;khtpy; gHpr;brhy;/ ,uz;lwf; fUtpahfr; cHd;W

,Hpthd bray;/ nghd;w gjpt[fis Rj;jg;gLj;jp guk;bghUnshL cly; xU khiaapy; bjspt[

bray;gLfpwJ vd;gij kwe;J cz;ikfis ,fthH;t[ jhd; bfhz;L ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;. Md;kh mwpt[ Kjph;e;J bgWk;nghJ

46

bjspe;jth; Rl;of;fhl;o czh;j;Jk; nghJ mwpt[ tpHpg;g[ epiy milfpwJ. mijna ts;syhh; grpj;jpU/ jdpj;jpU/ tpHpj;jpU vd;W TWfpwhh;.

grpj;jpU vd;why; vg;bghGJk; "hdg;grpnahL ,U vd;gjhFk;. jdpj;jpU vd;gJ khiaapy; g[yd;fis brYj;jhky; jdpj;jpU vd;gjhFk;;. tpHpj;jpU vd;gJ Md;kh khRglhky; tpHpg;nghL ,Ug;gJ vd;gjhFk;.

Aofl ]aolf
Md;k "hdk; vd;whny kdpjid mjw;Fj;jFjpahf;Fk; rpwg;gwpt[ vd;gJ bghUs;. rpwg;gwpt[ vd;d vd;fpw tpsf;fj;ijg; bgWtnj "hdk; MFk;.

47

"hdpahf

ntzL;k;/

"hdk;

bgwntz;Lk;

vd;gjw;fhf thH;f;ifia/ thH;f;ifj; Jizia mh;g;gzk; bra;aj; njitapy;iy.

,d;iwa kdpjd; thH;f;ifna ,ae;jpukak;/ ,d;iwa cyfk; tp";"hd cyfk;/ njitfs; kpFe;J ,ae;jpurhjd';fs; El;gkhd fUtpfs;/ thH;f;iff;F njitahd bghUl;fspd; mjpfhpg;g[ ,it kpFe;J bfhz;nl nghfpd;wd. ,g;gog;gl;l ,f;fhyj;jpy; vy;nyhUk; "hdk; bgw Koa[kh vd;gJ vy;nyhh; kdjpYk; vGfpd;w kiyg;ghd nfs;tp. kiyg;g[j; njit ,y;iy. vy;nyhUk; "hdk; bgwKoa[k;.

j';fs; j';fspd; flikfis flika[zh;nthL bra;J kfpH;nthL ,y;ywj;ija[k; brk;ikahf elj;jp ed;kf;fisg; bgw;W xGf;fj;jpYk;/ mwj;jpYk;/ rpwe;jth;fshf gapw;Wtpj;J mjd;

48

\yk; FLk;gk;/ Ch;/ ehL/ cyfk; vd;w mstpy; mikjpahft[[k;/ ,d;gkhft[k; thHyhk;.

Mj;k "hdk; vd;gJ Rlh;tpl;L gpufhrpf;Fk; tpsf;F/ ,Uz;l thH;f;iff;F tHpfhl;o. Mfnt xt;bthUtUk; Kayntz;Lk;. jhd; Mj;k Mj;k "hdk; bgw "hdpfs; vd;W ,ayhjth;fs; "hdk;

tHpiag; gpd;gw;wp elf;f ntz;Lk;. J}a kdj;jhy; milaKoa[k; typa[Wj;jpdh;. ehk; "hdk; bgw;whh; tHpiag;

gpd;gw;wp mtu; mwpit jd;kakhf itj;Jf; bfhz;L ehk; Kiwaht[k;/ rpwg;ghft[k; thHyhk;.

vdnt Mj;k "hdk; kl;Lnk thH;tpw;F cah;t[k;/ ,d;gKk; ek;Kila mspf;Fk;. Md;k"hdk; bgw;why; Jd;g';fs; thH;f;ifapy;

vy;yhtw;iwa[k; epth;j;jp bra;J bfhz;L/ btw;wp fz;L epk;kjpahf thHyhk;. Mj;k "hdj;ij Mz; bgz; ,UghyUk; milayhk]. mjpy;

49

ve;jj; jila[k; ,y;iy. ekf;F ntz;oaJ vy;yhk;/ 1. jplkhd kdk; 2. MH;e;j ek;gpf;if 3. mfj;jPrd; kPJ ghpg{uz ek;gpf;if itj;J mtdplk; ruziljy; 4. ey;y ekJ vz;z';fs;/ vz;zj;ij ntz;Lk;. vy;nyhUk; ghpRj;jkhf ghpRj;j ed;whf itj;Jf; kdk; thHntz;Lk; bfhs;s vd;w vz;zk;;. ehk; vg;nghJk;

ntz;Lkhdhy; ek; kdjpd; bray;ghLfis xG';F gLj;j ntz;Lk;.

losk Akfla
,iwtd; cyfpy; gy $Ptuhrpfisg; gilj;jhh;. 84 yl;rk;; $Ptuhrpfs; vd;W TWth; rhd;nwhh;. Mdhy; ehk; mwpe;jJ vd;dnth xU E}W ,UE}W

50

vd;whny mjpfk;. ,jpny kdpjdpd; gilg;g[ kpft[k; mhpa xd;W. mwpt[ KGikaile;j xd;W vd;W brhy;fpd;wdh; "hdpfs;.

tifgpwg;g[

tifj;njhw;wk; ,tw;wpy;

84

yl;rk;

$Ptuhrpfs; Tl;lk;jhd;. mwpt[

midj;Jnk Mdhy;

Md;khf;fs; kdpjDf;F TWfpd;wdh;. kdpjdhfp kdpjd;

kl;Lnk rpwg;gwpt[ cz;L. mijj;jhd; MwhtJ vd;W Md;nwhh;fs; kdpjd; kdpjdhy; kl;Lnk jhd; ahh; vd;W mwpa[k; rpwg;ghw;wy; bgwKofpwJ. ,Ug;gjhy; g[dpjdhfp gpd; flt[s; Mfpd;w nguhw;wiyg; mjdhy; kpfr;rpwe;jtdhfg; nghw;wg; gLfpwhd;.

fhuzfhhpa';fisf; fz;lwpa[k; Mw;wy; kdpj mwpt[f;F kl;Lnk cz;L. mjdhny jhd; cly; ,af;fk; fhuzk;/ vd;w g[yd; fhhpaj;jpw;F ,af;fk; g[yd; ,af;fk; vd;w fhhpaj;jpw;F

51

fhuzk;

vz;zk;.

,g;go

xt;bthd;iwa[k;

fz;lwpa[k; Mw;wy; kdpj Md;kht[f;F cz;L. mjdhy;jhd; g[yd;fs; Ie;ija[k; fle;J mjw;F nky; brd;W xt;bthU epfH;r;rpf;Fk;/ njhw;wj;jpw;Fk; fhuzk; vd;d fhhpak; vJ vd;W fz;L gpof;Fk; Mw;wy; Md;khtpw;F cz;L. g[yd;fs; fl;Lg;ghL gpw eP';fpa Md;kh me;j caph;fs; J}a J}a Md;khthf Jd;g';ifs/ czh;r;rpfspd; khWfpwJ. ,d;g';fis/ mst[fis fzpj;J

Md;khthy;jhd;

bgWfpd;w mtw;wpd; ,w';fp

cjt[k; fUiza[s;sk; bgwKofpwJ. kdpjdpd; cly; fUtpfSf;Fj; njitahf Jizahf gytpjkhd Ma[j';fs;/ ,ae;jpu';fisf; fz;L gpoj;J gad;gLj;j jFjp bgw;wJk; kdpj Md;khjhd;. jd; ,dk; njhd;wp tHptHpahf gl;l mDgt';fspd; gpujpgypg;ghf kdpj thH;f;ifia tskhf;Fk; Mw;wYk; ,nj kdpj Md;khtpw;F cz;L.

52

gynfho caphpd';fs; thGfpd;w ,e;j g{kpna cyfk;. ,e;j cyfj;ijg; nghd;W vj;jidnah cyfk; vj;jidnah bfhz;l nfhs:fs; gpug";rkhf mz;l cs;sJ. nguz;l';fs;

,e;jg; gpug";rj;jpy; kdpjd; vd;gtd; rpW mq nghd;wtd; jhd;. nghpaf;f kz;lyj;jpy; kdpj Md;kh mqnghd;wJ. ,Ue;jhYk; kdpj Md;khjhd; ,e;j gpug";rj;ij mspf;fpwJ. nghpaf;f kz;lyj;jpd; xg;gw;w rf;jpfis fz;Lgpof;fpwJ. nghpaf;f kz;lyj;jpd; mirt[fisf;Tl fzf;fpl;Lf; Tw KofpwJ. nfhs;fspd; njhw;w';fisa[k;/ mjd; r";rhuj;ija[k; el;rj;jpuf; Tl;l';fisa[k; bray;ghLfisa[k; fzf;fpl KofpwJ. nghpaf;f kz;ly ,af;fj;jpd; Mw;wy;fis

vy;yhk; kdpj Md;kh fzf;fpLk; Mw;wiyg; bgw;Ws;sJ vd;why; ,e;j kdpj Md;khtpw;F

53

nghpaf;f kz;lyj;ijg; nghd;w khbgUk; Mw;wy; cs;sJ vd;gij mwpa KofpwJ. me;j Mw;wy; ,y;iybad;why; nghpaf;f kz;ly epfH;r;rpfis mwpa KoahJ. kdpj Md;kh kfj;jhd rf;jp bgw;wJ. fhqk; rpwg;g[g; bgw;wJ. mjdhy; jhd; nfhs;fspy; eilbgWk; ,af;f';fisa[k;/ mjpy; njhw;wf';isa[k;/ Fz';fisa[k;/ fz;lwpe;J rpwg;ghf Md;kh thH;fpwJ. mjd; rpwg;ig kdpj Md;kh kl;Lnk czh;fpwJ. mjdhy; jhd; kdpj Md;kh ,aw;ifg; gpug";rj;ij czh;e;J nghw;wp tHpgl;L mjpy; fyf;f Kaw;rpf;fpwJ. kdpjd; xUtnd ,e;j ,aw;ifapd; kdpj mwpnt nguhw;wy; Kothd cz;ikia cr;rkhd czh;e;jtd;. mwptpd; tsh;r;rp ghpzhkj;jpny Koitj;jUfpwJ. kdpj mwptpnyjhd; nghpaf;f kz;ly epfH;r;rpfis mwpaKofpwJ. nghpaf;f kz;lyj;jpd; r';fkkhfpwJ. Kot[fs; Tl kdpj mwptpny mj;jifa mwpt[ clw;TW

54

bgw;wtnd kdpjd;.

mtd; jd; Md;khit

czh;fpd;w J}a nguwpnt "hdk;.

Md;kh

jdJ

jPa

gjpt[fis

ePf;fpg;

guk;bghUis czh;e;J kPz;Lk; gpwthj tHp czh;e;J fiunawnt cliy fl;of; bfhz;lJ. mijf;fhj;Jk; tUfpwJ. g[yd;fshy; rpf;fpj; jtpj;J fl;Lz;L khia vd;fpw tpy';fpd; thapy; mfg;gl;L gl;lwpthy; mwpt[ bjspt[ mwpt[ mw;w bgw;W epiyapy; bjspe;j brayhw;Wk; mnj rkak; mJnt jd;Dila bjspe;j epiyapYk; brayhw;Wfpd;wJ.

<qiakfla h;alakfla
v';nfnah guhkhj;khtpy; ts;syhh;/ btl;lbtspapy; njhd;wpaJjhd;; njhd;wpa $Pthj;kh. mijna gukhj;khtpw;F Mjhuk; ,y;iy.

jha;

tapw;wpy;

gpwthJ

jhnd

55

Kisj;jtu;f;F bjz;ldpl;nld; vd;W brhy;yo

vd;w ghly; \yk; bjhl;Lfhl;loaij mwpayhk;.

$Pthj;khtpw;F gukhj;kh Mjhuk;. gukhj;khtpw;F vd;d Mw;wy; cz;nlh mnj Mw;wy; $Pthj;khtpYk; cz;L. gukhj;kh Xh; ,aw;if. mnjnghy gukhj; khtpy; njhd;wpa $Pthj;kht[k; ,aw;ifapd; Mw;wy;fs; TW. gukhj;khtpy; msg;gwpa mnjnghy ,e;j $Pthj;khtpd; ,Uf;fpd;wd.

$Pthj;khtpYk; cz;L. MFk;.

mg{h;t rf;jpia gad;gLj;Jtnj Mj;k "hdk;

,ij

mwpahky; Ml;gl;L

,f

thH;f;ifapy; Md;khit

rpf;fp gy

khiaf;F Md;khit

ekJ

Jd;gj;jpw;F Mshf;Ffpnwhk;. mjdhy; jhd Jd;g[Wj;jy; Mdhy; TlhJ. Md;kh Md;khittijf;ff;TlhJ.

56

gyJd;g';fSf;F mshfpd;wJ. vd;why;>

mJ vg;go

1. 2. 3.

flt[isj;njo mila Kad;Wk; mtdhy; flt[isf;fhz Koahj epiy/ thH;tpy; tWikbaDk; gw;whf;Fiw/ bra;fpd;wbray;fspd; tpist[fisg; gw;wp mwpahik. mwpe;Jk; myl;rpak; mjdhy; bra;fpd;w epiy/ mtkjpj;J Jd;gk; mDgtpf;Fk; epiy.

4.

Md;khtpd; kfj;Jtk; g[hpahky;/ gpwh; kPJ mr;rKk; gif/ Jd;g[Wj;jy;/ nghd;wtw;why; my;yYWk; epiy.

nkw;fz;l Fiwfs; xd;nwhblhd;W ,ize;J thH;f;ifapy; gytpj rpf;fy;fSf;F Mshfp mtw;iw yFthfj; jPh;f;f Koahky; jtpj;J jhd; Jd;g[w;W/ ,g;gog;gl;l gpwiuj; Jd;g[Wj;jpa[k; ,f;fl;lhd thH;fpwhd;. NH;epiy rpf;fyhd

57

tUfpwnghJ kdpjd; bjhpe;njh/ bjhpahknyh ,e;j ,f;fl;oypUe;J tpLjiy bgwntz;Lk; vd Kay;fpwhd;. xt;bthU $Pthj;khtplKk; Fiw eP';fp KGik bgwntz;Lk; vd;w Mh;tk; tpist[ jJk;gpf;bfhz;oUf;fpwJ. mjd;

rpe;jid Xl;lk; gpwf;fpwJ. rpe;jpf;fpwhd;. Kaw;rp bra;fpwhd;. Kaw;rpapd; tpist[ bray;fspy; ,w';fp Xuhst[ czut[k; bra;fpwhd;. "hdk; ,g;nghJ mtDf;F mtd; g[yg;gl braYf;nfw;w tpist[fisf; fhz;fpwhd;. Mj;k Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

58

3 wlpfhfwha:yf
btl;lbtspjhd; mg;bghUspny czh;e;J caphpd';fs; cz;ikahd ehDk; bka;g;bghUs;. vd;W cld; njhd;wpa vd; ,Uf;fpnwd; btl;lbtspapny mj;jida[k; Jd;gk;

gpwe;njhh;fns vd;w mf czh;t[ gpwe;J ve;j caphpd';fSf;Fk; mspf;ff;TlhJ/

59

Jd;gg;gLfpd;w caph;fs; kPJ fUiz fhl;o ,d;gj;Jld; thGk; thH;f;ifjhd; tPLngW MFk;. ,ij mila[k; $Ptd;jhd; Md;khthFk;.

btl;lbtsp bgUbtspahfpa bka;g;bghUisna thdk; vd;Wk; thd; vd;Wk; TWth;. tPL ngW bgw;wth;fis thd; + mth;/ thdth; vd;W TWth;. njth; vd;Wk; TWth;. jhd; + mth/; jd;id mtuhff; fz;l fhuzj;jhy; jhdth;/ jiytd; vd;Wk; TWth;. jdJ gue;j mwpthy; vg;bghGJk; ,izj;J btl;l rjhfhyk; btsp bka;bghUSld; braYkhf cs;sj;jpd; epidt[k; mth;fspd;

,Uf;fpd;wth;fSf;F

epiy Rth;f;fk; (Rth; + mfk;). Rth; vd;why; nghpd;gk;. fLe;jtj;jpd; \yk; Md;khthdJ jd;dpiy tpsf;fk; bgWfpwJ/ mg;go tpsf;fk; bgWfpd;w J}a epiyiaj;jhd; "hdk;

60

vd;fpd;wdh;.

,e;j

KGik

ngw;iwna

rhd;nwhh;fs; tPLngW vd;Wk; TWfpd;wdh;.

tPL vd;why; ,lk; my;yJ Mjhuk; vd;W bgah;. fhuzk; ,y;yhky; fhhpak; xU gpwg;;gjpy;iy. Mjhuk; Mjhuk; ,y;yhky; Mnjak; gpwg;gjpy;iy. ve;j njhw;wj;jpw;Fk; ,Ue;njahfntz;Lk;. mJnghy; Md;khtpw;Fk; Xh; Mjhuk; ,Ue;jhfntz;Lk;. mjw;F Mjhuk; vJ ,lk; Mf cs;sJ vd Muha;e;jhy; Kothf ekf;Ff; ,y;yhj fpilf;Fk; xU tpil ve;j MjhuKk; bghUns vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk;

Mjhukhft[k; ,lkhft[k; ,Ug;gJ czug;bgWk;. cjhuzkhf nfhapy;nky; fyrk; ,Uf;fpwJ. fyrj;jpw;F nfhapy; nfhg[uk; Mjhukhf cs;sJ/ nfhg[uj;jpw;F g{kp Mjhukhf cs;sJ. g{kpf;F btl;lbtsp ,lkhf cs;sJ. btl;lbtspf;F Mjhuk; ,Uf;fpwjh/ ,y;iy. mjd; moKoiaf; fhzKoahJ vd;gij tpsf;fnt mfj;jpaUk;/

61

ghug;gh moKoa[e; njog;nghd gjpthd khyaD'; fhzh bud;W neug;gh ntj Kiuj;jpl;l bra;jp ePs; g[tpapy; ahth;f;Fk; ciuj;jpl;l bra;jp brst[[kpa rhfuk] 118
btl;lbtspia ghjj;ijf;fhzr; msf;f brd;whh; ,ayhJ vd;t[k;/ vd;gij gpuk;kh

tpsf;fnt jpUkhy; gd;wp mtjhuk; vLj;J rptd; md;dg;gl;rp totk; bfhz;L rptd;Ko fhz nkny brd;whh; vdt[k; fij \yk; brhd;dhh;fs;.

btl;lbtsp ,y;iy.

vd;why; Mfnt

mjw;bfd;W mJ

Mjhuk;

KjyhfpwJ. njhw;wg;bghUs;

mjpypUe;Jjhd;

njhd;wpapUf;fntz;Lk;. vdnt btl;l btspna MjpahdJ. mjw;F ntW Mjhuk; ,y;yhjjhy; mJnt mehjpahdJ. btl;lbtsp vd;fpw tPl;od; ,af;f rf;jpahy; mfk;njhd;wp/ mfj;jhy;

62

,d;gk; njhd;wp gpd;du; nghpd;g cs;sj;ijg; bgw;wth;fns Rth;fnyhf thrpfs; vd;gjhFk;. btl;lbtspjhd; bka;g;bghUs; vd;gjw;F/

bka;g;bghUs; fz;L tps';Fk; bka; "hdpf;F fw;g';fs; VJf;fo> Fjk;gha; fhzhkw; fz;L fUj;njhL ,Ug;nghh;f;F tPzhir VJf;fo> Fjk;gha; epj;jpiu bfl;L epidnthL ,Ug;nghh;f;F Kj;jpiu VJf;fo> Fjk;gha; je;jpukhd jye;jd;dpy; epw; nghhf;F ke;jpuk; VJf;fo> Fjk;gha; Kj;jkpH; fw;W Ka';Fk; bka; "hdpf;F rj;j';fs; VJf;fo> Fjk;gha; cr;rpf;F nky; brd;W cah;btsp fhz;nghh;f;F ,r;rpg;gp';FVJf;fo>Fjk;gha; ntfhky; bte;J btspapidf; fhz;nghh;f;F nkhfhe;jk;VJf;fo> Fjk;gha; rhfhky; jhz;o jdptHp nghnthh;f;F Vfhe;jk; VJf;fo> Fjk;gha; Mde;jk; bgh';fp mwpnthL ,Ug;nghh;f;F

63

J}de;jhd; VJf;fo> Fjk;gha; rpj;jpuf; Tlj;ij jpdk; jpdk; fz;nlhh;f;F gj;jpuk; VJf;fo> Fjk;gha; jd;id mwpe;J jiytidr; nrh;e;njhh;f;Fg; gpd;dhir VJf;fo> Fjk;gha; brj;jhiug; nghyj; jphpa[k; bka; "hdpf;F ifj;jhsk; VJf;fo> Fjk;gha; -Fjk;igr;rpj;jh;
gpwg;gpd; tpsf;fnt \yk; Mjpiaa[k; Koita[k; nkw;fz;l mwpe;j ghly;

"hdpfSf;F vJt[nk njitapy;iy vd;gij Fjk;igr;rpj;jh; tpsf;fp TWtijf; fhzyhk;.

cz;ikahd bghUspd; tpsf;fj;ij Md;kh mwpa[k;nghJjhd; ek;Kila kaf;fkhd khia ek;ik tpl;L tpyFfpwJ. mg;nghJjhd; bghUshf ,Uf;Fk; xd;iw bghUshff; fUJk; bka;a[zh;t[k; Vw;gLfpd;wJ.

64

Sdtiof Wofhiof paaf?

vz;zpyh nfho mz;l nguz;l';fspd; ,af;fk;/ nfhlhd nfho mqf;fs;/ mqf;fs; bjhFg;ghd $Ptuhrpfs; nkYk;/ midj;jpYk; cs;Sk;/ g[wKk;/ btspa[k; mJtjpy; caph;rf;jpahf

tps';Fk; nguhw;wny ,iwtd;.

,ij ts;syyhh; bgUkhd; brhy;Yk;nghJ/

Fyt[ nguz;lg;gFjpnahh; mde;j nfho nfhofSk; M';fh';nf epytpa gpz;lg; gFjpfs; KGJk; epfH;e;j gw;gy bghUs; jpuSk; tpyFwhJ mfj;Jk; g[wj;Jk; nkyplj;Jk; bka;awp thde;jk; tps';f myFwhJ xHpahJ mJtjpy; tps';Fk; mUl; bghU";nrhjp vd; munr.

65

vd;W

brhy;fpwhh;.

,e;j

khbgUk; kdk;

,af;f vd;Dk;

rf;jpahd

,iwtd;

khaf;fUtpahy; gpwe;jJ Kjy; ,wf;fpd;w tiu ekJ clk;ig ,af;fpf; bfhz;oUf;fpwhh;. ,e;j ,af;f rf;jp ekJ clypy; vg;gor; bray;gLfpwJ vd mwpe;J mnj ,af;f rf;jpia ehk; czh;e;J me;j rf;jpia ek;Kila cliya[k;/ capiua[k; ngzg;gad;gLj;Jk; tHptiffis bjhpe;J bfhs;tnj Md;k"hdk;.

msius_fjlf
msius_fjlf WohfhGiK Aks cu FBisof ixiel. msilf Wofjst wigfgwiyspseu S:nfK cu FBiao msimjfkspsuf ekaoftsp Dgeu losk Dguf. cumjfkspsof FB kofdlep msimjfks Spjfjlf. wigfgwiyspseu S:nfK ekaoftsp cu FBiao msius_fjlf DglfwhGkfK Miamjf jatftauf Ax, Cx lxjstaof. FKkaof rkfK WofT M:_fjmf wmaufjstaaf.

66

losk Dguf kaof msius_fjlf. msius_fj kaof losk Dguf. Snfk hs;h]fm M[tfmspsuf ^lsPlf M[ofT wjabfx:jfjstK. M[ofT wjabfx:jfjst ^lspsuf ia{lf loskOlf M[Ujstaof. M[ofT wjabfG S:jfjst Snfk loskdo Dgfja;dikfK M[u isgfgauf msius_fj ixikfekaG jabhfhGiaof. Ktis Stnfk hsofH mlakspsof eluf us_fjkfdk dikfK i[shGjstaafjyf. mlaks Woftauf Akspseu mllf WofhK wha:yf. msilplapf Ajsisgfgaaf Woft rTjsoftoaf. msilplf Woftaeu wigfgwiys e<akspseu Rjfjsplajsisgfgaaf WofhK wha:yf. W_fJlf ispahskfK S:jfjjfrxp e<aksep msiof WofTlf Fnfk msiof Woft e<akspseu S:nfK msilf Wofjst Atftuf DbfgaoK.

msimjfks
Mjpapny ,g;gpug";rg; gilg;g[f;F \ykhdJ ,uz;L rf;jpjhd;. mijj;jhd; rptrf;jp

67

vd;fpnwhk;. ,Jnt gukhqthFk;. mnj nghy kdpj $Ptd; cUthtjw;F ,uz;L \y rptk; mqf;fs; fhuzkhf tps';Ffpd;wd.

vd;fpd;w Mz; Rf;fpyg;g[Gt[k;/ rf;jp vd;fpw bgz; Rf;fpyg[Gt[k;. ,uz;od; fyg;gpdhy; $Ptd; cw;gj;jpahfpwJ. cz;lhdJ. cz;lhapw;W. gukhqtpdhy; mjd; fyg;ghy; g";rg{jk; $Ptuhrpfs;

$Ptuhrpfns g";rg{j fyg;gpd;

Mw;wiyf;bfhz;ljhFk;.

Dpsuf mjfks
clypd; cs;ns capy; rf;jpahdJ mjhtJ btl;lbtspapny cs;s Mw;wy;fs; gpuhztha[tpd; \yk; \r;Rf; fhw;why; clypd; cs;ns ,Gf;fg;gl;L nfhof;fzf;fhd ekJ cly; mqf;fSf;F Mw;wiyf; bfhLj;J cliy ,af;f itf;fpwJ. ,g;go ,af;Ffpd;w me;j rf;jpiaj;jhd; RUf;fkhf capy; rf;jp

68

vd;fpnwhk;. clypd; cs;ns capy; rf;jpahdJ RHd;W vGk; ,a';Fk;nghJ tpist[fns Ja;j;J me;je;j czh;r;rpfs;. capuhdJ clypd; ,e;j bgUk; "hdk; mqf;TWfSf;F Vw;g caphpd; rpwg;ghw;wyhf czh;r;rpfisj; vdg;gLk; ,ilna

cz;ikj; bjspt[/ mwpt[/ my;yJ rPtdpd; gpwg;gpw;Fk; eilbgw;w

,wg;gpw;Fk;

bjhlh;gaznk

thH;f;ifahFk;.

<qiof
caph; ,y;iynay; cly; ,Uf;fhJ/ cliy itj;Jj;jhd; ,uz;ila[k; caph; ,izj;J cz;lh> ,y;iyah> xg;gw;w vd;gij mwpa Koa[k;. Mfnt caph; cly; itf;fpd;w fUtpna Md;kh vdg;gLtJ. ,e;j ,uz;Lk;

mjhtJ clYk;/ capUk; nrh;e:J bray;gLfpd;w xU bghUisj;jhd; rPtd; vd;fpnwhk;.

69

clypd; cs;ns caph] rf;jpahdJ

btl;l

btspapny cs;s Mw;wy;fis gpuhztha[tpd; \yk; \r;Rf; fhw;why; clypd; cs;ns ,Gj;J nfhof;fzf;fhd ekJ cly; mqf;fSf;F Mw;wiyf; bfhLj;J cliy ,af;f itf;fpwJ. ,g;gog;gl;l MfpwJ. mqj;jpus;fshshd cw;gj;jp ,g;gpug";rj;jpy; ,Ue;J kdpj $Ptd;

Mjpapny ,g;gpug";rg; gilg;g[f;F \ykhdJ ,uz;L kdpj rf;jpjhd;. $Ptd; mijj;jhd; rptrf;jp \y rptk; vd;fpnwhk;. ,Jnt gukhqthFk;. mnj nghy cUthtjw;F ,uz;L mqf;fs; fhuzkhf tps';Ffpd;wd.

vd;fpd;w Mz; Rf;fpyg;g[Gt[k;/ rf;jp vd;fpw bgz; Rnuhzpjg;g[Gt[k; ,uz;od; fyg;gpdhy; $Ptd; cw;gj;jpahfpwJ. my;yJ $Ptd;; ,g;go ,af;Ffpd;w ,e;j ,uz;Lk; me;j rf;jpiaj;jhd; RUf;fkhf caph] rf;jp vd;fpnwhk;.

70

mjhtJ clYk] capUk; nrh;e:J bray;gLfpd;w xU bghUisj;jhd; $Ptd; vd;fpnwhk;. cyfpy; cs;s xt;bthUtUk; jdJ $Ptdpd; rhpj;jpuj;ijf; fz;L bfhz;lhy;; cyfpy; vy;yhk; ,d;gk;jhd;.

,t;t[yfpy; vJt[k] ey;yJk; ,y;iy/ ez;gd; giftd; fpilahJ/ xt;bthU Md;kht[k; jd; Ra J}a mwpit mwpe;J tpl;lhy; vy;yhk; rkk;/ vy;yhk; ,d;gkak; MFk;. mJnt Mj;k "hdk;; bgWtJ/ ,d;wpikahjJ. $Ptdpd; gpwg;gpw;Fk; ,wg;gpw;Fk; ,ilna eilbgWk; bjhlh;gaznk thH;f;ifahFk;. thHj;bjhpe;J thH:gth;fshd "hdpfis thH;tnj ek;gp "hd mth;fisg; thH;t[ gpd;gw;wpa[k; "hd my;yJ

thH;f;ifahFk;. mJnt ,d;g thH;f;ifahFk;.

71

4 lolf
kdk; ,uz;L tifg;gLtJ xd;W g[wkdk; (btspkdk;). ,d;bdhd;W cs;kdk;. btspkdkhdJ gytpj Mir/ ghr';fshy; cl;gl;lJ. mjDila Jizth;fshd g[yd;fs; bka;/ tha;/ fz;/ fhJ/ \f;F/ brtp Mfpa Ie;J

72

g[yd;fs; mDgtpf;fj; ,d;dy;fs;

jhd;

ek;Kila gytpjkhd ,jd; !;ghpr

btspkdij Rf';fis \yk; gy jPz;ly;

Ml;og;gilf;Fk;. neUk;.

J}z;Lk;.

Rfk;/

,d;gj;ijj; njhw;Wtpf;Fk;.

njfk; kdpjidj; ,jpypUe;J ,J kpfkpf Miriaj; gog;gJk;

jtwhd ghijapy; nghfr;bra;a[k;. kpfg;bghy;yhjJ. Kf;fpakhdJ. mDgtpf;f J}z;LtJk;/ kdjpy; gJld; ntz;Lk; mwpit gjpaitf;Fk; kdfpsh;r;rpfisa[k; kw;Wk; ,g;go murhl;rp kdpjDf;F vd;w tsh;f;f

tpLgl Kaw;rpf;f ntz;Lk;. fz;/ tha;/

,e;j fz; ghh;g;gJ vy;yhk;

,f;fz;fns/ MH;kdija[k; ghh;itapy; ghh;j;J kpfKf;fpakhd Vw;glj;j ,e;j gy bfl;lJ tHpahf kdpjid mitakhFk;. \f;F/ thridfis mDgtpg; ,J nfl;gjw;fhf ngr;Rf;fs;/ ey;yJ/ Ik;g[yd;fs; bra;J

cWg;g[ bray;gLk;. brtp/ ,d;dpir nfl;fKoa[k;. kdkhdJ tptfhu';fisa[k;/

73

ey;yJ/bfl;lJ/ ,d;gk;/ Jd;gk; vd;W Ml;og; gilf;Fk;. Mfnt ,e;j btspkdk; ml';fpdhy;jhd; cs;kdk; jpwf;Fk;.

cs;kdkhdJ vija[k; bra;af;ToaJ. mjw;F ey;yit bfl;lit bjhpahJ. btspkdk; vd;d brhy;fpwnjh mij mg;gona bra;a[k; my;yJ epiwntw;wptpLk; cs;kdjpd; rf;jp ,jw;F cz;L. ,jd; Mw;wy; mghukhdJ.

rf;jpfis vGj;jhy; mstpl;Lf;Tw KoahJ. gytpjkhd Mghr/ jPa vz;z';fis mfw;wp ekf;F vJ njitnah mij czh;t[g;g{h;tkhf cs; kdJf;Fj; bjhpag; gLj;jp tpl;lhy; cs;kdk; mij mg;gona epiwntw;wp tpLk; Mw;wy;gilj;jJ.

Ik;g[yd;fshy; Ml;og; gilf;Fk; btspkdij mlf;Ftjw;Fjhd;/ \r;Rgapw;rp/ jpahdk;/

74

ke;jpu';fs;/ gLj;j ntz;Lk;.

ghuhaz';fs; ,jpy; btw;wp

Kjypad bgw;why; brhy;tJ

bra;antz;Lk;. Kjypy; btspkdij xUepiyg; cs;kdjpy; kpfr;Rygk;. ekJ ntz;Lnfhis

btspkdij hPjpahf js;sptpl vz;z';fis ,J

mlf;fr; ,jdhy; ntz;Lk; xJf;fp/

rhd;nwhh;fs; jPikahfnt vd;W kdij

,uz;L ,ijj; jPa

cghaj;ijf; ifahz;lhh;fs;.

xd;W jj;Jt jd;Dila xt;bthU jd;Dila

mwpt[g;g{h;tkhd

rpe;jidapy;

mwptpd; fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fs; bfhz;L te;jhh;fs;.

,d;bdhd;W ml';fhj fhisia mlf;Ftjw;F bra;fpd;w cgak; nghy ml';fhj kdij mlf;f \r;R gapw;rp bra;J \r;Rf;fhw;iw mlf;fpj; jd; fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fs; bfhz;L te;jhh;fs;. kdjpw;Fk;/ Rthrj;jpw;Fk;/ ,ilbtsp ,y;yhj bjhlh;g[z;L.

75

kdk; ve;j mst[ bray;gLfpwnjh me;j mst[ \r;Rf; fhw;wpd; mst[k; bray;gLk;. kdk; ml';Fk; vd;gjhFk;. Mfnt kdkl';fpdhy; \r;R ml';Fk;. \r;rl';fpdhy;

kdpjd; gy;ntW NH;epiyf; brYj;jp

rKjhak; tpra';fis ifjpahfp kdkl';fr;

vd;fpd;w re;jpf;f

gpizg;gpy; ntz;oa Mfnt vspjhd

mfg;gl;Lf; bfhz;Ls;shd;. mtd; md;whlk; thGfpwhd;. bra;tJ

mtDf;F rpe;jpj;J kdij mwpt[g;g{h;tkhfr; fhhpakpy;iy. nghJtJ ,y;iy. fhuzk; nahrpg;gjw;F fhyk;

Mfnt jw;fhy NH;epiyapy; \r;R gapw;rpapd; \yk;jhd; kdij mlf;f ntz;oa fl;lha epiyapy; ghpgf;Ftk; cs;shd;. bra;tjd; rpj;jh;fs; \yk; kdij "hdj;ijg;

76

bgwKoa[k; vd;W czh;e;J bjhpe;J mjw;F m#;lh';f gapw;rpfis nahfk; vd;W vl;l tifahd tFj;Jf; bfhLj;Js;shh;fs;.

xUtd; j';f Mguzk; bra;a ntz;Lbkd;why; ciyapy; ,l;L fha;r;rp j';fj;ij/ jfLfshf;fp/ fk;gpfshf;fp/ bra;fpd;whnd. gf;Ftkhf brJf;fp/ Mguzk; mJnghy kdija[k;/

cliya[k;/ nahfj;jpd; \yk; gf;Ftg;gLj;jp "hdk; bgw cfe;j tHpfisf; ifahz;lhh;fs; kf;fSf;Fk; gapw;rpapd; tptfhu';fspy; brYj;jtplhky; Rthrk; jhdhff; gy;ntWtpjkhd \yk; nahf E}y;fs; Mfnt jFe;j btsp Mjpf;fk; bty;tjw;Fg; Rthrk; kdk; \yKk; brhy;ypa[s;shh;fs;. nghftpl;L g[yd;fis fl;Lg;gLk;. fl;Lg;gLk;.

g[yd;fis

gapw;rpfs; Kiwfs; fz;Lgpoj;jhh;. mjd; \yk; fl;Lg;gLk;nghJ kdRk;

fl;Lg;ghl;oy; ,Uf;fpd;wth;fns rpwe;j nahfpfs;.

77

mij mfj;jpah; TWk;nghJ/

kdkJ brk;ikahdhy; ke;jpuk; brgpf;fntz;lhk;/ kdkJ brk;ikahdhy; thrpia epWj;j ntz;lhk; kdkJ brk;ikahdhy; thrpia cah;j;j ntz;lhk; kdkJ brk;ikahdhy; ke;jpuk; brk;ikahFnk

nkw;fz;l

ghly;

\yk; vJt[k; thH ve;j

kdj;jpwk; gapw;rpa[k;

bfhz;lth;fSf;F brk;ikahf ntz;Lk;. khWfpwJ. KaYnthk;.

njitapy;iy vd;W TWtjpypUe;J kdij itj;J gHfpf;bfhs;s vJt[k; gHf;fkhfp gpd;g[ tHf;fkhfp Mfnt ey;y tHf;fkhf thH

kdk; jd;trkhf ,Ue;J Ml;og; gilj;jjhy; kdpjd; vd;W bgah; te;jJ. jhd; kdpjd;. kdJ + jd; vd;gJ mnjnghy; ehd; vd;w Mztk;

78

nknyh';fp ,Ue;jtid eu + mfk;/ eu mfk; bfhz;ljhy; eud; vd;Wk; bgah; cz;lhapw;W. ,d;bdhd;W eufk; vd;W Vd; bgah; cz;lhapw;W vd;why;/ ehd;/ vdJ vd; kf;fs;/ vd;bghUs;/ vd; M!;jp/ vd;W FWfpa tl;lj;jpw;Fs; rpf;Fz;L mtDila mwpthdJ bray;gLk;nghJ fhkk;/ Fnuhjk;/ nfhgk;/ nkhfk;/ kjk;/ khr;rh;ak;/ lk;gk;/ <h;ir nghd;w jPa Fz';fspd;; tpistha; gy;ntW Jd;g';fSf;F Mshf nehpLk;. ,ijna eufk; vd;gJ. eu mfk;/ jPik mfk;/ jPikahd mfj;jhy; vGk; bjhy;iyfisna eufk; vd;W Twpdhh;. Mfnt Kjypy; J}a;ikahd kdj;ij/ mfj;ijg] bgWtnj "hdk; bgWk; tHpKiwahFk;.

kdpjdpd;

thH;f;if

fPH;fz;l

epiyfspy;

,a';FfpwJ. 1. 2. ,d;gk; Jd;gk; vd;fpw thH;t[ epiy. ,aw;if tpjpj;j CH;tpid ,iwepiy.

79

3. 4.

rKjha mikg;g[ ePjp mwbewp. murh';fk;.

nkw;fz;l epiyfspy; kdpj Md;khthdJ gl;L bjsptila[k; ca;tpf;fty;yJ. bjspt[jhd; Jd;g';fis thH;it fise;J

,d;gj;ijf; ju ty;yJ. nkw;fz;l epiyfspy] btw;wp fhznt rhd;nwhh;fs; ey;y E}y;fis vGjp rpwg;ghf thH tHp tiffisr; Twpr; brd;whh;fs;. TWfpd;w nghd;w gog;gjpd; mtw;wpy; E}y;fs; fhtpa';fs;. \yKk; fij thapyhff; nghd;wJ. E}y;fis gftj;fPij ,j;jifa thH;f;if

fw;gidahff;TWk; fijfs; rpy ,uhkhazk; mDgt';fspd;

\yKk; gapd;W mwbewp gpwHhJ rj;jpak;/ jh;kk;/ ePjp/ vd;fpd;w xG';F Kiwapy; cWjpahd gHf;fj;ij filgpoj;J thH;e;jhy; kdpjDila thH;t[ rpwg;ghft[k;/ ,d;gkhft[k;/ mikjpahft[k; mika[k;. ,Jnt Md;kPf gazj;jpw;F

80

jpwt[nfhyhf mika[k;. Md;kPf thH;t[ vd;W epiyawpe;J vz;zk;/ mjd; brhy;/ bray;

,e;j cah; bewpna Twyhk;. Md;khtpd; czh;e;J mwbewp

,ay;iga[k; ,tw;why;

gpwHhJ thH;e;J tUtJ Md;kPf thH;thFk;. ,g;go mwbewp nghw;wp xGfp thH;tjhy; Md;kh J}a;ik bgw;W KGik milfpwJ. rpwg;ghd Md;kPfg; gazk; vd;W xUtif ,jw;F ,J xU Twyhk;. Md;k

jd;Dila mwptpd; bjspthy; ,g;go thH;f;if nkw;bfhs;tjhy; Md;k "hdj;ij ,tw;iw jUk;. "hdk; vd;W bfhs;syhk;. Md;kPf thH;t[ jhd; jdpkdpj xGf;fk; kpf kpf Kf;fpak;. jdpkdpj xGf;fk Md;k "hdj;jhy; kl;Lnk bgw Koa[nk jtpu kw;w bray;ghLfshy; bgw KoahJ. jdpkdpj xGf;fnk xg;gw;w xGf;fkhd rKjhakhf khw cjt[k; vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy.

81

mwtHp gpwHhJ thGk; bka;"hd tpsf;fj;jpd; \ynk jdpkdpj xGf;fk; tsUk;. cyf kf;fs; eyk;ngz Koa[k;. vd;fpw jtg;gapw;rp/ kl;Lk;jhd; ,aYk;. bka;"hd tpsf;fk; vd;fpw fpilf;Fk;. tpsf;f';fis mth;fs; bjhl;Lf;fhl;oa[k;/ Md;k mwptpd; bjspnt "hdk;. mJ mwk;/ jtk; Kaw;rpa[s;sth;fl;nf jj;Jt';fspd; mJ kw;wth;f;F rhj;jpak;.

mwpe;jth;fSf;nf

tpsf;fpa[k; Tw Koa[k;. "hdj;ij mspf;f

kdjpy; cjak; MFk; xU bray;ghl;il vz;zk; vd;W TWfpnwhk;. vz;zk; vd;gJ kdjpd; xU rf;jp MFk;. btl;lbtsp btspa[yfpy; g[wg;bghUsplk; Mfh;#zk; vd;w fth;e;jpGf;Fk; <h;g;g[r; rf;jp ,Ug;gijg; nghyt[k; me;j <h;g;g[r; rf;jpia vjphpilahf tpyf;fpj;js;Sk; tpfh;#z rf;jp ,Ug;gijg; nghyt[k; vz;zk; vd;gJ kdjpy; ,Uf;Fk; xUtif rf;jpahFk;.

82

,aw;ifapy; vy;iyaw;w Mw;wy; ml';fpa[s;sd. ,aw;ifahd ,e;j ,aw;iff; fs";rpaj; jpypUe;J kdJ vd;w fUtpahdJ rpwpjst[ fpufpj;J vLj;Jf; bfhs;fpwJ. mt;tpjk; fpufpj;j me;j rf;jpia \yKk;/ cztpd; \yk; rf;jpia mJ kdk; jd;Dilajhf btspna cztpd; \yKk;/ ,af;fk; cz;L jdf;Fhpajhf Mf;fpf;bfhs;fpwJ. gpwF me;jr; vz;z';fshf ,e;j \yk; ntW rf;jp ekJ fhw;wpd; cly; rf;jpfSk; brYj;JfpwJ.

Rthrpf;fpd;w

eilbgWtJnghy/ ,Jnghynt mnj cztpd; Nl;rkkhd gz;zg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;j Nl;Rk rf;jpfis mJ ehk; vz;z';fs; vd;W brhy;Yk; totj;jpy; btspna Js;SfpwJ. Mfnt kdk; vd;W brhy;yg;gLtJ mwpfpnwhk;. mwpt[s;sjy;y vd;gij

Mdhy; mJ mwpt[s;sJ nghy;

njhd;WfpwJ. mt;tpjk; mJ njhd;Wthjw;F vd;d fhuzk;> vd;why; mwpt[s;s Md;kh mjd; gpd;dhy; ,Uf;fpwJ. cz;ikapy; Md;kh xd;nw

83

xd;W kl;Lk;jhd; mwpt[g; bghUshf ,Uf;fpwJ. kdk; vd;gJ btspa[yfj;ij fUtpahf Md;kh kl;Lnk gw;Wtjw;Fg; ,Uf;fpwJ. totj;jpy; cz;ikapy; gad;gLk;

cjhuzkhf ,e;jg; g[j;jfj;ij g[wj;jpy; g[j;jfk; vd;w ,e;jg;bghUis bfhs;tjpy;iy. mwpe;J ,Uf;Fk;. ehk;

vLj;Jf;bfhs;nthk;.

mwpe;J bfhs;s Koahj ,e;jg;bghUs; ekJ kdijr;brd;W jhf;fp xU J}z;Ljiy mjhtJ miyfs; vd;w cz;L totj;ijg; gz;qfpd;wd. ,e;j J}z;LjYf;F gjpy; jUk; tifapy; kdk; g[j;jfk; bghUs;gLj;JfpwJ. miyfs; ,t;tpjkhf jz;zPhpy;

cz;lhtijg;nghy kdjpy; vz;z miyfs; njhd;Wfpd;wd. btspna ,Uf;fpdw cyfk; kdjpy; miyfs; njhd;Wtjw;F fhuzkhf btsp ,Uf;fpwJ. g[fj;jfj;jpd; cUtnkh ahidapd; cUtnkh kdpjdpd; cUtnkh cyfj;jpy; ,y;iy. mjhtJ mtw;iwg;gw;wp

84

btspapypUe;J tUk; J}z;LjYf;Fg; gjpyhf ekJ kdjpy; Vw;gl;l tpUj;jpfisg; gw;wp kl;Lk;jhd; ehk; mwpe;jpUf;fpnwhk;. fhuzkhf kl;Lnk g[wj;jpy; ,e;j

,Ug;gJ kdjpy; tprj;jpia cz;Lgz;qtjw;F mike;jpUf;fpwJ. cz;ikia tpsf;Ftjw;F xU Kj;Jr;rpg;gpia cjhuzkhf vLj;Jf; bfhs;nthk;. Kj;J vg;go cz;lhfpwJ vd;gJ vy;nyhUf;Fk; bjhpe;jnj. g[wj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; xl;Lz;zpahf xU fpUkp Kj;Jr;rpg;gpapd; cWj;JfpwJ. Xl;Lf;Fs; g[Fe;J mij mjhtJ rpg;gpf;Fs; ,Uf;Fk; tpLtpg;gjw;fhf jpuhtfj;ij rpg;gp mjhtJ

g{r;rpia mJ jpdt[f;F cl;gLj;JfpwJ. ,e;j bjhe;jutpypUe;J kpDkpDg;ghf xUtpj

vdhky; tifia ff;fp btspg;gLj;JfpwJ. gpwF rpg;gp jdf;F cgj;jputk; tpistpj;j fpUkpia Rw;wpYk; me;j vdhky; giriag; g{rpf;fpUkpia \o kiwj;J tpLfpwJ. ,jdhy; Kj;J cz;lhfpwJ.

85

ekJ

mDgtj;jpy; fpUkp

Kj;J fhuzkhf

cz;lhtjw;F ,Ug;gJnghy

xl;Lz;zp

btspcyfk; ekJ mDgtj;jpw;F mog;gilf; fhuzkhf mike;jpUf;fpwJ. rpg;gpf;Fs; fpUkp g[FtJ nghy; Ik;g[yd;fs; tHpahf g[Fe;J gpug";rk; ekf;Fg; g[yg;gLfpwJ. rpg;gp vdhky;

giria btspg;gLj;JtJ nghy ,e;j gpug";r braiy ehk; mwpfpnwhk;. ,t;tpjk; kdjpy; eilbgWk; braiy rhjhuz kdpjd; xUnghJk; mwpe;J bfhs;skhl;lhd;. mtd; bjhpe;J bfhs;s Vbddpy; mt;tpjk; Kaw;rp bra;a[k;

mnjrkaj;jpy; jd; vdhky; giria btspna mDg;g[fpwhd;. gpwF jd;Dila me;j vdhky; g{r;irna vija[k; ghh;f;fpwhd;. kdpjdhy; Mfnt jtpu g[hpe;J kdk; ntW bfhs;s cz;Lgz;zpa mDgtj;ijj;

,aYtjpy;iy. cz;ikahd Md;kh kdjpw;F gpd;dhy; ,Uf;fpwJ. mjd; ifapy; cs;s cz;ikahd fUtpahf kdk; ,Uf;fpwJ.

86

kdpjdhfpa eP (Md;kh) epw;Fk;nghJjhd; kdk; mwpt[ila jhfpwJ. mg;nghJjhd; kdJf;F mwpe;J bfhs;Sk; jpwika[z;lhfpwJ. Md;kh kdijf; iftpl;LtpLk;nghJ mJ J}s;Jshfr; rpjwpg;ngha; ,Ug;gplkhFk;. xd;Wnk ,y;yhky; btWik mile;J tpLfpwJ. rpj;jk;/ kdk;/ vy;yhk; xU mjpy; vGfpd;w miyfSk;/ RHpfSnk tpUj;jp vd;w bgah;. ,e;j tpUj;jpapd; \ynk ek;khy; mwpag;gLk; ekJ gpug";rkhf tps';FfpwJ. ,d;g';fisa[k; mjpnyna mof;fo Md;kh/ kdk; vd;w epiyapy; Jd;g';fisa[k; yapj;J mDgtpj;J jdJ gpwtp tpUj;jp vd;wfpw miyfshYk;/ RHpfshYk;/ MH;e;j czh;r;rp

nehf;fj;ij kwe;J kha cyfpy; thGk;nghJ trg;gLfpwJ. Md;khtpd; mWtif mj;jifa epiyjhd; Fz';fisg; czh;r;rptrg;gLk; t";rk;nghd;w bgWfpd;wd.

nguhir/ rpdk;/ gw;W/ ghy;fth;r;rp/ cah;t[ jhH;t[/ Md;kh ,g;gog;gl;l Fz';fspd;

vGfpd;w vGr;rpapd; fhuzkhf kPz;Lk;/ kPz;Lk;

87

gHpr;bray;fs; Jd;gj;ij

bra;J/

jdf;Fk;/ Mfnt

gpwh;f;Fk; gpu";r

cz;lhf;fpwJ.

khiaapy; Md;kh cHd;W jtpg;gij jtph;j;J khia kaf;fj;jpypUe;J tpLgl cz;lhf;fpa rpj;jh;fs; gapw;rpna nahfh vd;gjhFk;.

loK hjfJilf Fdgnfkauf Huofjyf jgfGhfhagfxuf Sp_fJlf. Huofjyf jgfGhfhagfxuf S:nfkauf DbafIjyf jgfGhfhagfxuf Sp_fJlf. DbafIjyf jgfGhfhagfxuf S:jfJlf loskof Whfwha{Klf manfk wma=hspaj S:hfhaof. Fiof Dkgfxuf Whfwha{Klf Hof msashfHkf ki{lf. Fdlkspao Ljlf. Wkfkdjp hs;mfmdopaoaUlf h;h;hfhsofT nskaolajjf djpabfG witfts whTlf kstof whtftioajstaof. DbafI jgfGhfhagfxuf S:hfhiof kstlfhg ApfnfK witfts jaBlf iufuhlf Dyfyioaj S:jfjstaof. Dbafmfms jgfGhfhagfxuf dikfKjf wjayfhiOjfJ kqdljyf wn:_fjaK. nufu APUlf nufu Ae;ajfjspLyfyioajIlf S:hfhaof.

88

DbafIjfJlf Snfk VgfgkfkstfJlf wn:_fjsp wkagafH DbfG. i[spsuf ngnfK wmufUjsoft ehaK Wksafha;ak ishkfdkjf jaBjsoft ehaK S;kfklf DdtnfKisGlf ehaoft Dbafmfms EtfhGksoftK. V:iof maGlf ehaK maGkdu lolf EtfTjf wjayfyaluf ejah Dbafmfms eleua_fjs ks:hfhs Fido mag eibfGlf Wofjst Akfks; DbafI ekaofTjstK. Sekehau mLkapkfksuf FUiujkfksUlf mas Dtisoafjyf nbfhafjyf lkfkspsUlf mas hufeiT mlfhi_fjysof culf losk lolaoK ejah, kah, Sofh, Kofh_fjYjfJ AyajstK. Sofh Kofhlf Wofhek losk ia[fjfdj. eldu nagfG Fts]of V:iof wmaofoaof Sofhlf Kofhlf Wofjst Ddgjdykf kaeo latfts latfts ehagfGjf wjyfjsetalf Woftaof. Ajei ia[fjfdj WofhK Vaf Hkfkjlf. msaskfkiafjyf msaskfKjf wjabfeg S:nfkKlf Sufdu F{kiafjyf F{Kwjabfeg S:nfkKlf Sufdu. msashfhiaf F{iKlf, F{kiaf msashfhKlf Foftag ia[fjfdjhf Hkfkjkfksof Fkfkspap_fjyf. Sofhlf EtfhGlf ehaK lo

89

ljs[fmfms FdgjstK. Kofhlf EtfhGjsoftehaK lolf eikdo FdgjstK. Aj Snfk Sofhlf, Kofhlf Woft Snfk S;bfG wmpufhaGlf W_fej ekaofTjstK? Wo A;apfmfms wmpfK haafjfJlf ehaK Vifwia: loskosof Adm, is:hfH, Atftadl, WksafhaafhfH, whatadl ehaoftitftauf Dbfgajsofto. losk lolf Fdk kaof is:lfHkstK. jsdgkfkauf lsj lsj mnfekamlf FdgjstK. i:lfhspK nsdteitak ehaK Kofhlf FdgkstK. Dyfyhxep Sdi Sofhlf Kofhlf kaoa? Wofjst ejyfisjfJ, Sdi Sofhlf Kofhlf Fufu WofTkaof hksuf wmaufuspaj eibfGlf. ja;blf Sdijdy Wufualf hs;mfmdojyf. hs;mfmdojdymf mnfkshfhktfJ Sdtiof nljfJ FtsI, dj, jauf, Dguf WofT Wkfkdo Fip_fjdyjf wjaGkfks:jfjstaof. Ajei hs;mfmdojdy mnfkskfK idjhfhGkfk Ftsp Spuak ja;bel Sofhlf, Kofhlf Aj haisjfjstaof loskof. Dyfyhxep Kofhlf WofhK VofT DbfG Woftauf hmsjfwjaGdl,

90

ia[ i[spsufdu, FK Kofhlf. kq;ak enapf, FK Kofhlf. lodkhf hjfJihfhGkfk wkaspak ja;bkfkauf mLkapkfksuf hufeiT mlfhi_fjdyhf haafjfjsetalf. SyipK iaushof ks:lblf ngnfK S;bfG cofT lak_fjey Ajsofto. ktfwjadu wmpfK wjabfgaof Woft wmpfks, wmpfkskfkausuf i:jstK Wofo ja;blf? Woftauf jaiuf Kdt kjiuf FtsishfH, jbiof ldois Sdgep kj;aT WofT wmpfkskf ka[suf ehaghfhgfGyfyK. Sofwoa: Htlf Fek wmpfkskf ka[suf 85 ipK nsdtI whtft Snfksphf hs;klaf 100 ejaxdpkf kabfxp <okfKdj lsJnfk Snfksp nagfdg huf eiT hs;mfmdojYjfJ lkfkspseu msaskfKkf wjabfeg nagfdg AYidkPlf haafjfjsetalf. 26 ipksuf ks:lblf Ao Sdy]of jbiof, ldois, hsbjfjauf ktfwjadu wmpfk Anfk Sdy]of lodkPlf haafjfjsetlf, 85 ipK kyfyak ipksuf nagfdgep nsafijsjfjsoft ipkao Snfk lokfdkPlf haafjj f setlf. Wofo eiThaG? WofT haafjfJlf ehaK hs;mfmdojdy <q;bskfK kqafIjaBlf ksbfdl 90 ipK LksnfkiafjfJ

91

S:jfjstK. Fiaf ia[fjstaaf. Fek lokfksbfdl iaushOjfJ Sufdu. Fnfk iaushof Dpsaf S[nfkaof. Shfhxhfhgfg Snfk ksglao lokfksbfdl Vifwia:i:lf Whfhxhf whTiK? Woftauf FktfJ i[sjagfGiK Aoflqjlf. Aoflqjkfkauf lgfGel lokfksbfdl whtLxPlf. Aofl Woftauf Dpsaf. Snfk Dpsasof isdypagfGkf kkfKikfdk FtsnfK wjabfgauf lolf wmlfdlpaJlf. Vifwia: maofeta:lf Dpsaf isdypagfGkf kkfKikfdk Ftsp F:lf haGhgfGyfyaafjyf.

kofdoptsnfKSofhLt wibfbsuaei V: knfks;lf nq wmaufu eibfGlf wibfbsuaei kofdoptsp kljfwja: ejxufdu kofdo ptspaluf kaeo F[sjsoftaeo
WofT hufeiT haguf culf rTidkjf jabualf. kofdoptsiK Whfhx? Woft ejyfisjfJ nufu Aoflqj Amaofjdy FBjs mskfkafjyf W{ksp Nzufjdyhf hxkfK isyjfjlf whTiksof culf Dpsaf isdypagfGkf kkfKikfdk Ftspualf. Dpsaf isdypagfGkf kkfKikfdk Ftsnfkieo kkfKi ]aos.

92

maka;b losk ia[fjfdjpsuf ljfjyf Wufeua:lf kkfKi ]aosjyaj LxPla? FktfJ en;lf EK? Woft ejyfiskaof Sofdtp mLkapkfksuf Lofeo nstfjstK. Fijamlf S:jfjstiafjyf kkfKi ]aos Aj LpU_fjyf. Fijamlf Sufuakiafjyf DgduPlf Dpsd;Plf ehBjsoft hpstfms whT_fjyf. Shfhpstfmspsof culf lolf hjfJilf FdgPlf. ekdiptft ejahlf, lo F{kfklf, kqafjfjlao LxI WGjfJlf Atftuf, J[hfhltft kofdl, enaptft Ae;ajfjsplao Dguf Sdijdyhf whtfT Sofhlaj ia[ualf. lolf hjfJihf hGiktfjaj EtfhgfgKkaof cmfMhf hpstfms, Amohf hpstfmsjyf ehaoftdijyf. lokstfJ Fyhfhasp Atftuf DyfyK. loksof Atftuauf WdkPlf makskfKjf jagfg LxPlf. Fhfhx makdo hdgkfkiafjyf kaof kdulps;auf uaasdp S{hfhi:lf, jbfhaafdipauf S:lfHjf jlfhsdp idyhfhi:lf, jbfhaafdipaeu wl|flasmlf wmpfK jagfGhiafjyf huaf Snfk Dujsuf Dyfyoaf. hs;h]fm Atftduhf whTiktfjfJ hu i[sjyf S:nfkaUlf Fdk whtfT hpof wht

93

eibfGlaoauf FktfJasp Ve; j:is lolf kaof. losk lolaoK Wdk nsdojfjsteka Fdk FdgnfKisGlf. Dka;blaj hblf mlfhakskfK hbjfja;of AjeibfGlf WofT Fek Jtsjfejayaj S:jfjstiof hbjfja;of Ajs;aof. Fekehauf gajfgaf AjeibfGlf, Wof<soqpaf AjeibfGlf Wofjsoft Wbfbkfksof isdyiaj nagfglf wjayfjstK lolf. hsofH FKiaj latsisGjstaof. maka;o mLkap ia[fjfdjpseuep DofOdgp lolf DojfJ eibfxpdkkf k:jstK. FktfJasp kJks lokstfJ S:jfjstK. Fek ehauf Aoflqjhf hadkpsUlf Sjia[fjfdjpsUlf mas, Dof lolaoK Wdk Qafjsteka Fdk FdgpLxPlf Wo Ftsp LxjstK. Fkoaeu kaof nufu wmpfksjdy, nufudijdy, lolf Fdk ejgfG QafkfK nufuhxpaj loskof wmpufhg eibfGlf Wofjst Fxhfhdgpseu kaof kafllf, nqks, enafdl, V{_fJ, hbfhaG FkfkdoPlf Etfhgfgo.

94

Snfk mLkap V{_fJjfJ laThgfG ngjfjst loskdo Snfk mLkaplf VKjfJjstK, nsnfksjfjstK. Fkoauf loskof Sj ia[fjfdjpsuf Jtftiauspajstaof. mLkaplf Dofdo JtftiauspajfJjstK. mLkapjf JtftkfKjfJ Ayajs Kofhhf hGjstaof. Sjia[fjfdjpsuf lsj lsj LjfjsplaoK S;bfG: 1. mLkap V{_fJ, 2. Sufut V{_fJ. mLkap V{_fJ ehau Sufut V{_fJjfJ laThgfG V:iof ngjfJlf ehaK kaof Sufutkfksuf Kofhlf i:jstK. SufutkfksafjfJ WofT Vaf Sujfjblf S:jfjstK. Fkofhx ia[jf jtfTjf wjayfy eibfGlf. jbfbsplf, jtfH, enafdl, mLkapkfdkmf maafnfK ia{lf jgfGhfhaG. jbiTjfjaj ldoisPlf, ldoisjfjaj jbiOlf, Siafjyf S:i:lf emafnfK J[nfdkjdy iyafjfjsoft laofH, ipkao jaukfksuf J[nfdkjyf whtfetaaf jiosjfj eibfxp whaThfH, Sitfdt Sufut

95

Sujfjblf nljfJ ehaksjfjstK. Snfk Sufut Sujfjblf laThGlf ehaK losk ia[fjfdj KofhlajstK. JGlfhkfksuf mmfm;Ijyf Wkoauf EtfhGjsofto Woftauf jbioaoiof ldois Sgkfkseu msu WksafhaafHjdy Wksafhaafhfhaof. Fnfk WksafhaafhfHjfJ Etftaaf ehauf ldoispsof wmpufhaG Sufduwpoftauf Dgeo Fiof loksuf ljs[fmfms S:jfjaK. Fek ehauf jbiof Shfhx S:jfj eibfGlf WofT ldois Wksafhaafhfhayf. WksafhaafhfH ngiak ehaK loljs[fmfms Sufdu. kapflaafjyf msu iqgfxuf J[nfdkjyf hxjfjisufdu Wofhktfjaj J[nfdkjdy ejahkfekaG FxkfJ KofHTkfKjsoft nsj[fmfmsdp haafjfjsetalf. Fek ehauf msyaf ldoisdp FxkfK KofHTkfKjsoft jagfmsdphf haafjfjsetalf. mtfT hxkfkiafjyf jGdlpao iaafkfdkjyauf V:id; V:iaf kbfxkfK wjayfikaUlf lolf eikdohfhGjstK. FUiujkfksuf maspaohxeidu wmpfpisufdu WofT eluksjaas ksgfGikaUlf lolf eikdohfhGjstK. Shfhx Foftaglf

96

FOhishfhK kaof losk ia[fjfdjpajstK. Snfk nsdudp latft Wofo wmpfp eibfGlf? losk lokfdkhf hbfhGkfk eibfGlf. lolf hbfhg eibfGlaoauf Lkusuf nufu msnfkdo, nufu wmpufhaG, nufuiafjeyaG DtI, Sdti[shaG ehaoft Dpasp wmpufjyauf lokfdk hbfhGkfk eibfGlf. msu losk:jfJ lo S:jfjel ia[fjfdjpaj S:jfJlf. Fiafjyf wmaufiK kaof mas WofT maksjfjsoftiafjyf DbfG. Fhfhx h[js i:jsoft Fnfk h[jfjkfksof ja;blaj lolK lo S:jfj iphfhgfG isGlf. lolf S:jfjLyfyiafjYjfJ Dbfdljyf HasnfK wjayfYlf Atftuf Sufualuf ehaJlf. ja;blf Dgusof FBjfrTjyf Fhfhx EtfT EtfT h[js kofOdgp <qi mjfks JdtnfK isGjstK. Dps;atftuf, <qi mjfks Jdtnfk loskOdgp FtsiaoK maspao Ldtpsuf wmpufhgaK. FhfehaK hs;mfmdojYjfJ kqafI jaBlf kstdo lolf S[nfK isGjstK. Ajei <qi mjfksdphf ehbsjfjahfhK lsj lsj Fimsplf AjstK. Fnfk <qi mjfksdp ehbsjfjahfhK kaof epajlf WofhK.

97

h;sMkfk lolf
kdk; ,uz;L tifg;gLtJ. xd;W btspkdk;. ,d;bdhd;W cs;kdk;.

wiyslolf
btspkdkhdJ cl;gl;lJ. gytpj Mrhghr';fSf;F mjDila Jizth;fshd bka;/ tha;/ fz;/ fhJ/ \f;F/ Mfpa Ie;J g[yd;fs; jhd; ek;Kila btspkdij Ml;og;gilf;Fk;. gytpjkhd Rf';fis mDgtpf;fj; J}z;Lk;. ,jd; \yk; gy ,d;dy;fs; neUk;. !;ghpr Rfk;/ jPz;ly; ,d;gk; nghd;wtw;iwj; njhw;Wtpf;Fk;. njfk; ntz;Lk;. kdpjidj; tha; jtwhd ghijapy; nghfr;bra;a[k;. ,jpypUe;J tpLgl Kaw;rpf;f ngRtjw;Fk; J}z;LtJ. rhg;gpLtjw;Fk; fz;/ ,J

cjt[tJ. mnj rkak; bfl;ltw;iw ngRtjw;Fk; rhg;gpLtjw;Fk]

98

kpfg;bghy;yhjJ. Kf;fpakhdJ. mDgtpf;f ntz;Lk]

kdpjDf;F vd;w

kpfkpf Miriaj;

,e;j fz; ghh;g;gJ vy;yhk;

J}z;LtJk;/ mwpit tsh;f;f gof;f cjt[tJk; ,f;fz;fns. MH;kdija[k; ghh;itapy; ghh;j;J kdjpy; gjpaitf;Fk; kpfKf;fpakhd nghd;w \f;F kdfpsh;r; mitafkhFk;. fhJ tptfhu';fis thridfis nfl;f ,d;dpiriaf; nfl;gJ cjt[tJ.

kw;Wk; ngRtJ/ gy ey;yJ bfl;lJ mDgtpg;gJld;

rpfisa[k; Vw;glj;j ,e;j cWg;g[ bray;gLk;.

,g;go

Ik;g[yd;fs; bra;J

tHpahf

btspkdkhdJ ey;yJ bfl;lJ

murhl;rp ,e;j

kdpjid

,d;gk;/ Jd;gk; vd;W Ml;og; gilf;Fk;. Mfnt btspkdk; ml';fpdhy;jhd; cs;kdk; Ik;g[yd;fshy; Ml;og;gilf;Fk; \r;Rgapw;rp/ mlf;Ftjw;Fjhd jpwf;Fk;. btspkdij

jpahdk;/ ke;jpu';fs;/ ghuhaz';fs; Kjypad

99

bra;antz;Lk;. Kjypy; btspkdij xUepiyg; gLj;j ntz;Lk;. ekJ ,jpy; btw;wp bgw;why; brhy;tJ mst[ mlf;fr; cs;kdjpy; ,y;yhj mst[k; ntz;Lnfhis kdk;

kpfr;Rygk;. kdjpw;Fk; Rthrj]jpw;Fk; ,ilbtsp bjhlh;g[z;L. bray;gLk;. ve;j bray;gLfpwnjh me;j mst[ \r;Rf; fhw;wpd; btspkdij rhd;nwhh;fs; ,uz;L cghaj;ijf;

ifahz;lhh;fs;. xd;W jj;Jt hPjpahf ,e;j vz;zk;; jPikahdJ vdnt ,ijj; js;sptpl ntz;Lk; xJf;fp/ vd;W jd;Dila jPa mwpt[g;g{h;tkhd vz;zjija[k; mwptpd; rpe;jidapy; xt;bthU

kdij

jd;Dila

fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fs; bfhz;L tUtJ. ,d;bdhd;W \r;Rf;fhw;W hPjpahf ml';fhj fhisia mlf;Ftjw;F bra;fpd;w cgak; nghy ml';fhj kdij mlf;f \r;R gapw;rp bra;J \r;Rf;fhw;iw mlf;fpj; jd; fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fs; bfhz;L tUtJ. ,Jnt kdkl';fpdhy; \r;R ml';Fk]/

100

\r;rl';fpdhy; kdpjd; gy;ntW

kdk;

ml';Fk; vd;fpd;w re;jpf;f

vd;gjhFk;. gpizg;gpy; ntz;oa Mfnt vspjhd

rKjhak; tpra';fis

mfg;gl;Lf; bfhz;Ls;shd;. mtd; md;whlk; NH;epiyf; ifjpahfp thGfpwhd;. brYj;jp kdkl';fr; bra;tJ

mtDf;F rpe;jpj;J kdij mwpt[g;g{h;tkhfr; fhhpakpy;iy. fhuzk; nahrpg;gjw;F fhyk;

nghJtJ ,y;iy. Mfnt jw;fhy NH;epiyapy; \r;Rg; gapw;rpapd; \yk;jhd; kdij mlf;f ntz;oa fl;lha epiyapy; cs;shd;.

Dyflolf
cs;kdkhdJ vija[k; bra;af;ToaJ. mjw;F ey;yit bfl;lit bjhpahJ. btspkdk; vd;d brhy;fpwnjh mij mg;gona bra;a[k; my;yJ epiwntw;wptpLk; cs;kdjpd; rf;jp ,jw;F cz;L. ,jd; Mw;wy; mghukhdJ.

rf;jpfis vGj;jhy; mstpl;Lf;Tw KoahJ.

101

gytpjkhd Mghr/ jPa vz;z';fis mfw;wp ekf;F vJ njitnah mij czh;t[g;g{h;tkhf cs; kdJf;Fj; bjhpag;gLj;jp tpl;lhy; cs;kdk; mij mg;gona epiwntw;wp tpLk; gilj;jJ. Mw;wy;

lolf WofOlf lap vgfMljf j:is

kdjpy; cjak; MFk; xU bray;ghl;il vz;zk; vd;W TWfpnwhk;. vz;zk; vd;gJ kdjpd; xU rf;jp MFk;. btl;lbtsp btspa[yfpy; g[wg;bghUsplk; Mfh;#zk; vd;w fth;e;jpGf;Fk; <h;g;g[r; rf;jp ,Ug;gijg; nghyt[k; me;j <h;g;g[r; rf;jpia vjphpilahf tpyf;fpj;js;Sk; tpfh;#z rf;jp ,Ug;gijg; nghyt[k; vz;zk; vd;gJ kdjpy; ,Uf;Fk; xUtif rf;jpahFk;. ,aw;ifapy; vy;iyaw;w Mw;wy; ml';fpa[s;sd. ,e;j ,aw;iff; fs";rpaj;jpypUe;J kdJ vd;w

102

fUtpahdJ rpwpjst[ Mw;wiy fpufpj;J vLj;Jf; bfhs;fpwJ. mt;tpjk; fpufpj;j me;j rf;jpia kdk; jdf;Fhpajhf Mf;fpf;bfhs;fpwJ. gpwF me;jr; rf;jpia mJ vz;z';fshf btspna brYj;JfpwJ. cztpd; Nl;rkkhd ,e;j \yk; mnj ntW rf;jp ekJ cztpd; ,af;fk; \yk; cz;L \yKk;/ Rthrpf;fpd;w fhw;wpd; \yKk; tUfpwJ. cly; cztpd; rf;jpfSk; eilbgWtJnghy/

gz;zg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;j Nl;Rk rf;jpfis mJ ehk; vz;z';fs; vd;W brhy;Yk; totj;jpy; btspna js;SfpwJ. Mfnt kdk; vd;W brhy;yg;gLtJ mwpfpnwhk;. fhuzk; mwpt[s;sjy;y vd;gij

Mdhy; mJ mwpt[s;sJ nghy; mwpt[s;s Mj;kh mjd;

njhd;WfpwJ. mt;tpjk; mJnjhd;Wtjw;F vd;d vd;why; gpd;dhy; ,Uf;fpwJ. cz;ikapy; Mj;kh xd;nw xd;W kl;Lk;jhd; mwpt[g; bghUshf ,Uf;fpwJ. kdk; vd;gJ

103

btspa[yfj;ij Mj;kh gw;Wtjw;Fg; gad;gLk; fUtpahf g[j;jfk; kl;Lnk vd;w ,Uf;fpwJ. totj;jpy; cz;ikapy; mwpe;J ehk; bfhs;s miyfis vd;w cjhuzkhf g[wj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; mwpe;J Koahj cz;L ,e;jg;g[j;jfj;ij vLj;Jf;bfhs;nthk;. ,e;jg;bghUis bfhs;tjpy;iy. J}z;Ljiy/ tifapy;

,e;jg;bghUs; ekJ kdijr;brd;W jhf;fp xU mjhtJ g[j;jfk; gz;qfpd;wd. ,e;j J}z;LjYf;F gjpy; jUk; kdk; totj;ijg; jz;zPhpy; bghUs;gLj;JfpwJ. ,t;tpjkhf

miyfs; cz;lhtijg;nghy kdjpy; vz;z miyfs; njhd;Wfpd;wd. btspna ,Uf;fpd;w cyfk; kdjpy; miyfs; njhd;Wtjw;F fhuzkhf ,Uf;fpwJ. g[j;jfj;jpd; cUtnkh ahidapd; cUtnkh kdpjdpd; cUtnkh btsp cyfj;jpy; ,y;iy. ekJ kdjpy; mjhtJ mtw;iwg;gw;wp tpUj;jpfisg; gw;wp btspapypUe;J tUk; J}z;LjYf;Fg; gjpyhf Vw;gl;l

104

kl;Lk;jhd; ehk; mwpe;jpUf;fpnwhk;. ,Ug;gJ kdjpy; ,r;rj;jpia fhuzkhf gz;qtjw;F mike;jpUf;fpwJ.

g[wj;jpy; cz;L kl;Lnk

Mfnt kdk; cz;Lgz;zpa mDgtj;ijj; jtpu ntW vija[k; kdpjdhy; g[hpe;J bfhs;s ,aYtjpy;iy. cz;ikahd Md;kh kdjpw;F gpd;dhy; ,Uf;fpwJ. mjd; ifapy; cs;s cz;ikahd kdJf;F fUtpahf kdk; ,Uf;fpwJ. mwpt[ilajhfpwJ.

kdpjdhfpa eP (Mj;kh) epw;Fk;nghJjhd; kdk; mg;nghJjhd; mwpe;J bfhs;Sk; jpwika[z;lhfpwJ. Mj;kh kdijf; iftpl;LtpLk;nghJ mJ J}s;Jshfr; rpjwpg;ngha; xd;Wnk ,y;yhky; btWik mile;J tpLfpwJ.

,g;nghJ

kdk;

vd;d

vd;gijg;

g[hpe;J

bfhz;Oh;fs;.

rpj;jk;/ kdk;/ vy;yhk; xU

105

,Ug;gplkhFk;. mjpy; vGfpd;w miyfSf;Fk;/ RHpfSf;Fnk/ tpUj;jp vd;w bgah;. ,e;j tpUj;jpapd; \ynk ek;khy; mwpag;gLk; cyfk; ekf;F gpug";rkhf tps';FfpwJ. Md;kh/ kdk; vd;w epiyapy; tpUj;jp vd;w miyfshYk;/ RHpfshYk;/ gpwtp ,d;g';fisa[k; kwe;J Jd;g';fisa[k; kha cyfpy; mDgtpj;J mjpnyna MH;e;J yapj;J jdJ nehf;fj;ij mof;fo thGk;nghJ mj;jifa czh;r;rptrg;gLfpwJ. Md;khjhd;

czh;r;rptrg;gLk;

nguhir/ rpdk;/ gw;W/ ghy;fth;r;rp/ cah;t[ jhH;t[/ t";rk;nghd;w mWtif Fz';fshf khw;wk; bgWfpwJ. Md;kh ,g;gog;gl;l jdf;Fk; Mfnt tpLgl Fz';fspd; gpwh;f;Fk; gpug";r rpj;jh;fs; vGfpd;w vGr;rpapd; fhuzkhf kPz;Lk;/ kPz;Lk; gHpr;bray;fs; Jd;gj;ij khia bra;J cz;lhf;FfpwJ.

khiaapy; Md;kh cHd;W jtpg;gij jtph;j;J kaf;fj;jpypUe;J

106

cz;lhf;fpa gapw;rpna nahfh my;yJ nahfk; vd;gjhFk;.

lolf Hkfks Fj_fja;lf mskfklf

Md;khthdJ kdk; Kjypa fUtpfisf; bfhz;L czUk;nghJ mt;t[zh;t[/ 1. 2. 3. 4. gw;Wjy;/ epr;rapj;jy;/ xUg;gl;L vGjy;/ rpe;;jpj;jy;/

vd ehd;F tifg;gLk;. ,dp xU bghUis ,d;dJ vd epr;rapf;Fk; g[j;jp/ mjid Kd;ida gHf;fk; gw;wp mjd; tpidf;F <lhf mijj; jdf;F ,d;gk;/ cwthfnth/ Jd;gk;/ kaf;fk; vd gifahfnth/ ,g;go czh;jyhy;; \d;W tpj bghJthfnth czUk;.

107

Fz';fSs; xd;whf ghpzkpf;Fk;.

,t;thW

ghpzkpj;J epw;Fk; g[j;jpia/ Md;kh ,J Jd;gk;/ ,J ,d;gk;/ ,J ,uz;Lkpy;yhjJ vd mwpe;J gpd; mf;Fzk; njhd;Wfpd;w fhuzj;jhy; ehd; ,d;g[w;nwd;/ czUk]. fz;L Jd;g[w;wnd;/ ,t;t[zh;t[fs;; ,d;g[Wk; nghJ ka';fpndd;/ fhl;rpfs; Kd;dh; vd MFk;. ,J

g[wj;nja[s;s; fz;qf; fpdpabjhU bghUisf; njhd;whfhl;rpa[k; ,d;dbjd czUk;

khdrf;fhl;rpa[k;/ ,J ,d;d ,d;gk; vd;Dk; jd;; czh;t[ fhl;rpa[k; xd;wd;gpd; xd;whf fhuz fhhpa Kiwapy; fly; miynghy; Md;khtpd; czh;tpy; te;J njhd;Wk;. ,g;goahf Md;kjj;Jtk; 24k; Md;kht[f;Fj; J}atotpy; neu; bjhlh;g[ld; bray; gLfpd;wd.

rpj;jh;fs; kdij ghpgf;Ftk; bra;tjd; \yk; "hdj;ijg; bgwKoa[k; vd;W czh;e;J bjhpe;J

108

mjw;F m#;lh';f nahfk; vd;W vl;L tifahd gapw;rpfis tFj;Jf; bfhLj;Js;shh;fs;.

xUtd; j';f Mguzk; bra;a ntz;Lbkd;why; ciyapy; ,l;L fha;r;rp j';fj;ij/ jfLfshf;fp/ fk;gpfshf;fp/ gf;Ftkhf;fp Mguzk; bra;fpd;whnd/ mJnghy kdija[k;/ cliya[k;/ nahfj;jpd; \yk; gf;Ftg;gLj;jp "hdk; bgw cfe;j tHpfisf; ifahz;lhh;fs;. kf;fSf;Fk; gy;ntWtpjkhd \yk; g[yd;fis nahf btsp gapw;rp E}y;fs; \yk; vGjpitj;Js;shh;fs;. Mfnt jFe;j gapw;rpapd; tptfhu';fspy; Kiwfis nghftpl;L Mjpf;fk; brYj;jtplhky; g[yd;fis bty;tjw;Fg; fl;Lg;gLk;. fz;Lgpoj;jhh;fs;;. mjd; \yk; Rthrk; jhdhff; Rthrk; fl;Lg;gLk; nghJ kdRk; fl;Lg;gLk;. kdk; fl;Lg;ghl;oy; ,Uf;fpd;wth;fns rpwe;j nahfpfs;. mij mfj;jpah; TWk;nghJ/

109

kdkJ brk;ikahdhy; ke;jpuk; brgpf;fntz;lhk; kdkJ brk;ikahdhy; thrpia epWj;j ntz;lhk; kdkJ brk;ikahdhy; thrpia cah;j;j ntz;lhk; kdkJ brk;ikahdhy; ke;jpuk; brk;ikahnk

nkw;fz;l

ghly;

\yk; vJt[k; thH ey;y ve;j

kdj;jpwk; gapw;rpa[k;

bfhz;lth;fSf;F brk;ikahf ntz;Lk;. khWfpwJ.

njitapy;iy vd;W TWtjpypUe;J kdij itj;J Mfnt gHfpf;bfhs;s tHf;fkhf vJt[k; gHf;fkhfp gpd;g[ tHf;fkhf

ey;yth;fshf thH KaYnthk;.

Dbafmfms DbafI lolf

kdpj cliy czh;r;rp vd;w bray;ghL bghpJk; gPoj;Jf; bfhz;Ls;sJ. kdpj clypy; ,uj;jk;/ btg;gk;/ fhw;W mjdjd; ghijfspy; rPuhf bray;gl;L tUfpwJ. clypYs;s mqf;fs; Tl;lj;jpw;F mJnt Mnuhf;fpaj;ijf;

110

bfhLf;fpwJ. khWgl;L cs;s

,it

rPuhf/ ve;j

Kiwahf/ ,lj;jpy; mg;nghJ vd;fpw

bray;glhky; ,uj;jnkh/ fhw;nwh/ btg;gnkh/ bray;gLkhdhy; mqf;Tl;lk; khWghlhfr; bray;gLfpwnjh me;j ,lj;jpy; eypt[Wk.; Jd;gk; $Ptrf;jpahd capUf;Fj;

czh;itj;jUk;. ,j;jifa Jd;gj;jpy; ,Ue;J tpLgl VjhtJ xU tHpiaj;njLfpwJ. mJ xU brayhfnth bghUshfnth NH;epiyahfnth ,Uf;fyhk;. ,e;j ,e;j njlny ehl;lkhfpwJ/ Jd;g Kaw; tpist[ tphpe;J Kaw;rpahfpwJ/ gpd;g[ brayhf;fk; bgWfpwJ. njlypd; bjhlh;gaznk njita[zh;thft[k;/ ,d;gJd;g Kothft[k; czh;thft[k;/ rpahft[k;/ fshft[k;/

brayhft[k;/ bjspthft[k;

bray;gLfpd;wJ. ,t;thwhf clnyhL bfhz;l bjhlh;ghy; capUf;F Vw;gLk; mDgt';fspd; bjhFg;ghf bray;gL:fpwJ. kdk vd;w Nl;Rkf;fUtp

111

5 kkfKi_fjyff
me; j g; g"; r g{j Mw; w y; vg; g o kdpj rhPuj; j py; bray; g LfpwJ vd; g ijg; ghh; g ; n ghk; . ,t; t [ y fnk Ik; b gUk; g{j mqf; f shy; MdJ. ,t; i tak; bgWk; g{j mqf; f spy; xt; b thd; W k; / xt; b thU mqt[ k ; 96 jj; J t'; f s; mike; J s; s d. ,e; j 96 jj; J t'; f ns kdpj rhPuj; j py; bray; g Lfpd; w d.

112

jj;Jt';fs; 96 1. Kjy; jj;Jtk; 30 2. ,uz;lhk; jj;Jtk; 30 3. \d;whk; jj;Jtk; 36 Kjy; jj;Jtk; 30d; tpguk; 1. g{jk; 5/ 2. bghwp 5/ 3. g[yd; 5/ 4. fd;nke;jphpak; 5/ 5. fd;ktprak; 5/ 6. fuzk; 4/ 7. mwpt[ 1. mjd; tpguk; tUkhW/ g{jk; 5/ 1. gpUjptp-kz;/ 2. mg;g[-ePh;/ 3. nja[-mf;dp/ 4. tha[-fhw;W/ 5. Mfhak;-btsp.

113

bghwp 5/ 1. brtp/ 2. njhy;/ 3. fz;/ 4. ehf;F/ 5. \f;F g[yd; 5/ 1. rj;jk;-nfl;fg;gl;lJ (brtpf;F caph;f;TW)/ 2. ghprk;-bjhL czh;t[ mwptJ (clk;g[f;F capy;TW)/ 3. cUtk;-fhz;gJ (fz;qf;F caph;TW)/ 4. ,urk;-mWRit caph;f;TW)/ 5. fe;jk;-thrd mwpt[ (\f;Ff;F caph;TW) fd;nke;jphpak; 5/ 1. tha;/ 2. fhy;/ 3. if/ 4. mghdk;/ 5. Fwp mwptJ (ehf;Ff;F

114

fd;k tprak; 5/ 1. ngRjy;-thf;Ff;F caph;f;TW/ 2. flj;jy;-fhYf;F caph;f;TW/ 3. bfhLj;jy;/ th';fy;-iff;F caph;f;TW/ 4. tpLjy;-vUtha; caph;f;TW/ 5. kfpH;jy;-Fwpf;F caph;f;TW fuzk; 4/ 1. kdk;-xd;iw ,izg;gJ/ 2. g[j;jp-mjid tprhhpg;gJ/ 3. mf';fhuk;-mjidf; bfhz;L nky; vGk;g[tJ/ 4. rpj;jk;-mjidr; bra;J Kog;g[/ mwpt[ 1/ 1. jd;idf; fz;L kfpH;e;jpUj;jy; ,uz;lhk; jj;Jtk; 30d; tpguk; 1. eho 10/ 2. tha[ 10/ 3. ra';fs; 5/ 4. nfhrk; 5/ eho-10 1. gpuhzd;/

115

2. mghdd;/ 3. tpahdd;/ 4. cjhdd;/ 5. rkhdd;/ 6. ehfd;/ 7. Th;kd;/ 8. fphpfud;/ 9. njtj;jd;/ 10. jd;brad; 1. gpuhzd; g[Ut kj;jpapy; njhd;wp rpj;j ehoapy; g[Fe;J \yhjhuj;ij mile;J/ bjhg;g[s;/ gpd; \f;Fj; jhdj;jpy; Kl;o ,lfiy/ gpd;fhiyfspy; Xo fghyj;ijr; Rw;wp/ \f;F Jthuj;jpy; btsptUk; Rthrk; 12 m';Fyk; ePz;L btspte;J ehd;F m';Fyk; fHpe;j 8 m';Fyk; cs;ns brd;W kPz;Lk; g[wg;gl;l ,lj;jpypUe;J Rthrk; Jt';FfpwJ. ,g;gor; bray;gLk;

116

Rthrk; ehHpif xd;Wf;F 360 Rthrk; ,ut[ gfy; 60 ehHpiff;F 21/600 Rthrk; kdpj clypy; bray;gLfpwJ.1 ,e;j Rthrk; 21/600-f;F tpguk;/ 1. \yhjhuj;jpy; Rthrk; 6000 2. Rthjpl;lhdj;jpy; Rthrk; 6000 3. kzpg{ufj;jpy; Rthrk; 6000 4. mdhjfj;jpy; Rthrk 6000 5. tpRj;jpapy; Rthrk; 1000 6. Mf;fpidapy; Rthrk 1000 7. Rfd;ufhuk; Rthrk; 1000 ehs; xd;Wf;F 21/600 Rthrk; ,a';fp ,jpy; 7/200 Rthrk; fHd;W 14/400 Rthrk; cs;ns brd;W 2. mghdd; kdpj cliy brayhf;fg; gLj;JfpwJ.

24 epkprk; bfhz;lJ-1 ehHpif

117

Fjj;ija[k;/ Fa;aj;ija[k; gw;wp epd;W kyrhjpfis fHpg;gJ 3. tpahdd; njhypny epd;W ghpr';fis mwptpg;gJ 4. cjhdd; gpria czlhf;fp cz;l czit cztpd; tsh;g;gJ. 5. Rkhdd; vy;yh tha[tia[k; VWjy;/ ,w';Fjy; rf;jpia mjhtJ rhuj;ij 72/000 eho euk;g[fspy; brYj;jp rhPuj;ij

,y;yhky; rkdhff; bfhz;L ,a';FtJ 6. ehfd; tpf;fYk;/ ff;fYk; cz;lhf;FtJ 7. Th;kd; fz;zpny epd;W ,ikg;gJ 8. fphpjud; g[Utkj;jpiag; gw;wp epd;W Jk;ky;/ mGtpj;jy; bra;tJ 9. njtjhj;jd;

118

tHpj;jpUf;Fk; cyht[jYk;/ bra;tJ

nghJ a[j;jk;

XLtpj;jYk; gz;qtpj;jy;

10. jd";brad; gpuhzd; clk;ig tpl:Lg;nghdYk; jhd; gphpahky; epd;W clk;ig ,a';fr; bra;J tphptpj;jYk; bra;J \d;W ehl;fSf;Fg; gpwF fghyj;ijg; gpse;J Xog;nghtJ ra';fs; 5/ 1. mkh;thrhak;/ 2. gfph;thrhak;/ 3. rhythrhak;/ 4. kdthrhak;/ 5. Rf;fpy thrhak; 1. mkh;thrhak; cz;l czt[ rhuk; mkUkplk; 2. gfph;thrhak; md;d rhuk; gfph;e;J bfhLf;Fkplk; 3. rhythrhak; ePh; ,w';Fk; ,lk; 4. kdthrhak; kyf;FHp ,w';Fk; ,lk; 5. Rf;fpy thrhak; Rfpyd; gphpa[k; ,lk;

119

nfhrk; 5/ 1. md;dka nfhrk;/ 2. gpuhzika nfhrk;/ 3. kndhika nfhrk;/ 4. tp";"hdka nfhrk;/ 5. Mde;jka nfhrk;. 1. md;dka nfhrk; Jynjfkhfpa clk;g[ 2. gpuhzika nfhrk gpuhzDk; fd;nke;jphpaKk; To epw;gJ 3. kndhika nfhrk; kdKk; "hnde;jphpaKk; To epw;gJ 4. tp";"hdka nfhrk; g[j;jpa[k; "hnde;jphpaKk; To epw;gJ 5. Mde;jka nfhrk; gpuhztha[k; Rkj;jpa[k; To epw;gJ \d;whk; jj;Jtk; 36d; tpguk; 1. Mjhuk; 6/ 2. kz;lyk; 3/ 3. kyk; 3/ 4. njhrk; 3/ 5. Vlid 3/

120

6. Fzk; 3/ 7. ,uf;fk; 8/ 8. tpid 2/ 9. mt!;ij 5. Mjhuk; 6 1. \yhjhuk;/ 2. Rthjpl;lhdk;/ 3. kzpg{ufk;/ 4. mdhfjk;/ 5. tpRj;jp/ 6. Mf;i" 1. \yhjhuk; vUtha;/ ehw;rJuf;Fs;ns ehspjH;

Kf;nfhz totkhf ,Uf;Fk/; vGj;J X';fhuk;/ epwk; khzpf;f epwk;/ fzgjp. 2. Rthjpl;lhdk; vUtha;f;Fk; nkny ,uz;L tuw;fil mst[k; vGj;J eh bjhg;g[Sf;Ff; fhuk;/ gilg;g[ fPnHa[k; gpuk;kh/ ,Uf;Fkplk;/ ehw;nfhzk;/ MW ,jH;/ brk;bghd; epwk;.

121

3. kzpg{ufk; bjhg;g[H;/ gpiwnfhzkhdJ/

,jd;

eLnt epw;Fk; vGj;J kh fhuk;/ gj;J ,jH;/ kufj epwk;/ njtij tp#;q 4. mdhfjk; ,Ujak;/ Kf;nfhzkhdJ/ eLnt ,Uf;Fk; ,jH;/ vGj;J rp gd;dpwd;;L cUj;jpud; 5. tpRj;jp fhz;lk; (fGj;J)/ mWnfhzk;/ 16 !;gof ,jd; fhuk;/ epwk;/

,jH;/ nfk epwk;/ vGj;J th fhuk;/ njtij knfRtud; 6. Mf;i" g[Ut kj;jp/ tl;lkhapUg;gJ/ 3 ,jH;/ gof epwk;/ vGj;J a fhuk; nkw;fz;l tpguj;jpd; \yk; Mjhuk; Mwpnya[k; MW vGj;J Xk; ekr;rptha/ MW Mjhuk; MWtplhft[k;/ ,jH;fs;

122

Tl;odhy;

51

ml;ruk;

vd;gJk;

fz;Lbfhs;s ntz;Lk;. kz;lyk; 3 1. mf;dp kz;lyk;/ 2. Mjpj;j kz;lyk;/ 3. re;jpu kz;lyk;. 1. mf;dp kz;lyk; ,J \yhjhuk; MFk; 2. Mjpj;j kz;lyk; ,Uja !;jhdk; MFk; 3. re;jpu kz;lyk; rfd;fhu jskhFk;. kyk; 3 1. Mztk;/ 2. fhkpak;/ 3. khia 1. Mztk; clk;ig ehd; vd;W ,Ug;gJ 2. fhkpak; fz;ltw;wpy; kdk; Mirg;gLk; 3. khia jdf;F tUtij mwpahky; ,Ug;gJ. njhrk; 3 1. thjk;/ 2. gpj;jk;/

123

3. jpnyhj;jkk; 1. thjk; tha[tpd; bray; tpist[ 2. gpj;jk; mf;fpdpapd; tpist[ 3. jpnyhj;jkk; fgj;jpd; tpist[ Vlid 3 1. mh;j;j Vlid/ 2. g[j;jpu Vlid/ 3. cyf Vlid 1. mh;j;j Vlid jputpaj;ij njo Mirg;gly; 2. g[j;jpu Vlid g[j;jpuh;fs; njo Mirg;gly; 3. cyf Vlid cyf tpra';fs; njo Mirg;gly; Fzk; 3 1. ,uhl;rfk;/ 2. jhkrk;/ 3. rhj;tPfk; 1. ,uhl;rfk; mf';fhukha; btl;lsk;/ fof;fskhapUg;gJ 2. jhkrk; Fj;jt[k;/

124

ke;j g[j;jp/ cd;kj;jkha;/ kj;jpakha; ,Ug;gJ 3. rhj;tPfk; mlf;fk;/ md;g[/ tpntfk;/ Ik;bghwpahf;fy;/ mUs;/ "hdk;/ jtk;/ bghiw/ bfhz;oUg;gJ ,uhfk; 8 1. fhkk;/ 2. Fnuhjk;/ 3. cnyhgk;/ 4. nkhfk;/ 5. kjk;/ 6. khr;rhpak;/ 7. ,Lk;ig/ 8. mf';fhuk; 1. fhkk; Mir 2. Fnuhjk; gpzf;F 3. cnyhgk; gpoghL nkd;ik/ tha;ik ehl;l'; Kjypatw;iwa[ilajha

125

4. nkhfk; gphpak; 5. kjk; fh;tk; 6. khr;rhpak; cjl;oy; cwt[k;/ cs;sj;jpy; gifa[k; itg;gJ 7. ,Lk;ig cjhrPdk; 8. mf';fhuk; nfhgpj;jy; tpid 2 1. ey;tpid/ 2. jPtpid 1. ey;tpid g[z;zpak; bra;jy; 2. jPtpid ghtk; bra;jy; mtj;ij 5 1. rhf;fpuk;/ 2. brhg;gdk;/ 3. RHj;rp/ 4. Jhpak;/ 5. JhpahjPjk;

126

1. rhf;fpuk; yyhlj;jhdk; 2. brhg;gdk; fz;l!;jhdk; 3. RHj;rp ,Uja !;jhdk; 4. Jhpak; ehgp (bjhg;g[H;) 5. JhpahjPjk; Fwpaplk;
Kg;gJ Kg;gJ Kg;gj;jtWtU"; brg;g[ kjpYilf; nfhapYs; thH;gth; brg;g[ kjpYilf; nfhapy; rpije;j gpd; byhg;gpyd; tU nkhl;blLj;jhnu

96 jj;Jt';fSk; ek;Kila rhPuj;jpd; vg;go> bray;gLfpd;wd vd;W ghh;j;njhk;. ,jpy; Md;kj;Jtk; vd;gJ 24. Mitahtd/ 1. g{j';fs; 5/ 2. jd;khj;jpiufs; 5/ 3. "hnde;jphpa';fs; 5/ 4. fd;nke;jphpak; 5/ 5. me;jf;fhuzk; 4

127

Mfpa ,e;j 24-k; Md;kht[f;F J}a tothf ,Ue;J nenu bjhlh;g[ bfhz;L tps';Ftjhy; Md;k jj;Jtk; vdg;gl;lJ. nkw;fz;l Md;kjj;Jtj;jpd; tpsf;fj;ij vth; mwpthnuh mtnu ,t;t[yfj;jpy; thHj;bjhpe;jtd; Mthd;. Rit/ xsp/ CW/ Xir/ ehw;wKkdpiwe;jpd; tif bjhpthd; fl;nl cyF vd;w ts;Sth; tha;ik bghHpapd; \yk; fhzyhk;. nkw;fz;l g{j';fspd; Ie;jpd; Nl;Rk Fz';fns jd;khj;jpiufshFk;.

kkfKi isyjfjlf
mz;l btspapy; cz;lhd Mw;wYf;F Vw;g ekJ clyhdJ bray;gLfpwJ. Mw;wYf;F 24 Vw;g jj;Jt';fnshL btspapy; ekJ clyhdJ To 24 mz;l cz;lhd

jj;Jt';fnshL ToaJ.

epyk;/ ePh;/ beUg;g[/

128

fhw;W/

Mfhak;/

Mfpa

Ie;J

g{j';fspd;

Tl;Lf;fyitahy; cz;lhdnj kdpj cly;. nkw;fz;l g{jk; xt;bthd;wpw;Fk; totk;/ Fzk;/ epwk;/ vGj;J cz;L vd;W "hdpfs; Twpa[s;sdh;. Ie;J g{j';fs; xt;bthd;Wf;Fk; vl;L tpjkhd Fzhk;r';fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,jpy; Nl;rk Fz';fs; vd;fpw jd;khj;jpiu cz;L. mJnr rg;jk;/ !;ghprk;/ +gk;/ urk;/ fe;jk; vdg;gLk;. ,ijna Xir/ CW/ xsp/ rit kzk; vdg;gLk;. ,e;j Ik;g{j';fs; njhd;wpa vg;go clypy; bjhHpy jd;dpaf;f g[hpfpd;wd> vd;W Muha[k; nghJ gukhq vd;fpw Mjpapy; rptrf;jpapd; RHw;rpapdhy; mz;l nguz;l';fs; cUthapd.

129

6 h]fm^k_fjyf
gukhqf;fspd; gy;ntWgl;l ,af;f epfH;r;rpfns nghpaf;f kz;lyk; mjd; Kjy; jdpepiy tpz; vdg;gLk;. mtw;wpd; Kjy; bfhj;J epfH;r;rpna fhw;W vdg;gLk; mit nkhjpf; bfhs;tjhy; Vw;gLk; btg;g epfH;r;rpna beUg;g[ vdg;gLk;. ePuftha[/ gpuhztha[/ vDk; ,Utifahd fhw;W

130

Fwpg;gpl;l mstpy; nrUk;nghJ ePh; MfpwJ. ePhpd; ,Ufpa epiyna kz;/ ,t;ite;J epiyfSk; Ie;J bgsjPfk;/ Ie;J gphpt[fs; Mdgoahy; mtw;iw g";rg{j';fs; vd;fpnwhk;. Ie;JbghUl;fSk; Mf;Fk; fl;lj;jpy; jP g{kpia czlhf;FfpwJ (vhpkiyf;FHk;g[). vhpkiyf; FHk;g[ rhk;gy; g{rp cnyhfj;ij cz;lhf;FfpwJ (jhJg;bghUl;fs;). cnyhfk; ePiu cz;lhf; FfpwJ (Fsph;e;j ePh; cs;s lk;shpd; btspapy; ePh; Kj;Jf;fs);/ ePh; fhw;iw czlhf;fp ku';fisg; bgUf;Ffpd;wJ. gukhqtpd; gyfl;lf; bfhj;J epfH;r;rpfis CW/ xyp/ xsp/ Rit/ kzk; vd;w xt;bthU vGr;rpa[k; tpisaj;jf;f gphpt[fshfg; gphpj;J vGr;rp/ fth;r;rpahf cs;s mGj;j ,af;ff;fl;lj;ij tpz; vd;Wk;/ xyp vGr;rpbgwk; ,af;fj;ij fhw;W vd;Wk;/ xsp vGr;rpbgWk; ,af;fj;ij beUg;g[ vd;Wk; Rit vGr;rp bgWk; ,af;fj;ij ePh; vd;Wk; kzk; vGr;rp bgWk;

131

,af;fj;ij

kz;

vd;Wk;

TWfpnwhk;.

tp";"hdpfs; TWk; 103 tifahd elements fSk; ,t;ite;J ghpt[fspy; ml';fpa[s;sd. kz;zpd; ,Wf;fj; jhy; gyntW cnyhf';fs; tpisfpd;wd vd;whYk; mitbay;yhk; g";rg{j';fs; vd;fpnwhk;. epyk;/ ePh;/ beUg;g[/ fhw;W/ Mfhak;/ Mfpa Ie;J g{j';fspd; Tl;Lf;fyitahy; cz;lhdnj kdpj cly;. nkw;fz;l Ik;g{jk; xt;bthd;wpw;Fk; totk;/ Fzk;/ epwk;/ vGj;J cz;L vd;W
g{jk; tot[ ehw kz; nfhzk; ghjk; ePh; gpiw btz;ik t jd;ik bra;jy; Kf; jP nfhzk; fhw;W mWnfhzk; fUg;g[ a gue;J brk;ik u btk;ik tpjpj;jy; rhpj;jy; ,lk; Mfhak; tl;lk; g[ifik Q btspahjy; bfhLj;jy; gpe;J mWg[s;sp mKj rjhrptk; knfrd; rhe;jp xd;W Rthjpfk; tpj;ij jhkiu jpUkhy; gpujp#;il bghd;ik y fodk; jh';fy; tr;rpfuk; mad; epth;j;jp epwk; vGj;J Fzk; bjhHpy; Fwp bja;tk; fiy

rhe;jpa fPij

132

"hdpfs; cs;sJ.

Twpa[s;sdh;.

mJ

gpd;tUkhW

h]fm^kLlf Fkof kkfKiLlf

gukhqtpdhy; g";rg{jk; cz;lhdJ. g";rg{j fyg;gpd; Mw;wiyf; mjd; fyg;ghy; $Ptuhrpfs; cz;lhapw;W. $Ptuhrpfns bfhz;ljhFk;. me;jg; g";rg{j Mw;wy; vg;go kdpj rhPuj;jpy; bray;gLfpwJ vd;gijg; ghh;g;nghk;. kdpjdhd $Ptdplk; mDgtKk; rpe;jida[k; To mwpt[g; bgUf;fk; Vw;gl;L jd; fhuz epiyeho Muha[k; nghJ guepiy eho Muha[k;nghJ me;epiy czh;e;j kdpjdhy; jj;Jt tpsf;fk; Vw;gl;lJ. ,t;t[yfnk Ik;bgUk; g{j mqf;fshy; MdJ. ,e;j Ik;g{j mqf;fspy; cs;s xt;bthU mqtpY[k; 96 jj;Jt';fs; mike;Js;sd. ,e;j 96 jj;Jt';fns kdpj rhPuj;jpy; bray;

133

gLfpd;wd. Kjy; jj;Jtk; 30/ ,uz;lhk; jj;Jtk; 30/ \d;whk; jj;Jtk; 36. Mf 96.

h]fm^kLlf DgUlff
cz;ikahd bghUspd; tpsf;fj;ij Md;kh mwpa[k;nghJjhd; ek;Kila kaf;fkhd khia ek;ik tpl;L tpyfp bjspthfpwJ. mg;nghJjhd; bghUshf bka;a[zh;t[k; fpilj;Js;sJ. gukhq epiy ,Uf;Fk; bghUshff; fUJk; ,g;nghJ epfH;r;rpahd ,e;j Vw;gLfpd;wJ. mjd; Kjy;

bka;gbghUs; vd;why; vd;d vd;gjw;F tpsf;fk; tps';fptpl;lJ.

mog;gilapy; bjhlh;e;J rpe;jpj;jhy; mqf;fs; ,ize;J tpz;/ fhw;W/ btg;gk;/ ePh;/ epyk; vd;w Ie;J gphpt[fSk; mtw;wpypUe;J mGj;jk;/ xyp xsp Rit kzk;/ mwpt[ vd;w MWtifahd epfH;r;rpfSk; eilbgWfpd;wd vd;gJ bjhpa[k;. bka;epiyahfpa gubtspa[k; capy; epiyahfpa

134

gukhqf;fSk; mstpd; eilbgWk; milfpd;wJ. Fwpg;ghf

xU

vy;iyf;Fs; Vw;g/ gy;ntW

mika[k; m';F epiyfis Kf;fpa

tpfpjhrhuj;jpw;F ,af;fk; mwptpdhy; mj;jifa

ntWghLf;sjhd;

czug;bgWk;

gphpt[fshfpa tpz;/ fhw;W/ btg;gk;/ jz;zPh;/ epyk; vd;gdthFk;. ,t;ite;J gphpt[fspy; xU epiynahL kw;w epiyia Rit/ gytpj ve;j mstpy; mwpt[[ mtw;wpd; Vw;w vd;w jhH;t[ ,g;go jd;dpaf;fk;/ To ,ize;J ,a';Ffpd;wnjh mjw;F Vw;g mGj;jk;/ xyp/ xsp/ kzk;/ MWtifahd gphptpYk; epiyfSk; xt;bthU bjhlhpaf;fk;/ ,e;j epfHr;rpfSk; xt;bthU

cz;lhf;Ffpd;wd. ,af;fj;jpYk; gythf

gpujpgypg;g[ ,af;fk;/ juk;/ khw;wk; Vw;gl;L xd;W ,a';Fk; epfHr;rpfshfpd;wd. bjhlh; Kiwapny ,a';Fk; epfHr;rpfs;

mqthfp/ mqf;fs; To fhw;whfp/ btg;ghfp/ ePuhfp mz;lbtspapny jd;idj;jhnd RHd;W

135

Rw;wp kpje;J bfhz;L ,Uf;fpd;wd. beUf;f Kw;W fdw;FHk;ghfp

mjd;

kj;jpapy; gFjpapy; tpiut[ Fiwe;j mqf;fs; nky;nehf;fp ePh;tuk;gpw;F nky; te;J bfl;oahd ghpzhknk epykhFk;. nkYk; g{kpapd; eLikaj;jpy; Vw;gLk; mqf;fs; mGj;jj;jhy; btg;gk; mjpfkhfp mjd; tpisthf cnyhf';fs;/ ,uj;jpd';fs;/ ,urhad';fs; ,itaht[k; cw;gj;jpahfpd;wd. nkYk; nkYk; tpise;J bfhz;nl ,Uf;fpd;wd. Kiwhafj; kpd;rhuk;/ jhdhf fhw;W/ ePh;/ cz;lhFk; Mfpa mq mLf;Fg;bgw;w xU ,af;f kz;lyj;jpy; fhe;jk;/ ehy;tifr; RHy;fSk; Vw;gl;L bfhs;sy;/ js;sy; vd;w ,af;f epfH;r;rpfs; Kiwahf eilbgWk;nghJ mJ tpj;jhfpd;wJ. nkYk; mt;tpj;jhdJ Mw;wyhy; vGr;rp bgw;W ,a';fp jhtu ,dkhfpa Xuwpt[ $PtdhfpaJ. mjpypUe;j <uwpt[ ,dkhd g[G njhd;wp/ mijj; bjhlh;e;J \twpt[/ ehywpt[/ Iawpt[g; gpuhzpfs;/

136

Mwwpt[s;s jd;dGj;j xspahfp/ bgw;wJ. ,af;f';fSk; gLfpd;wJ.

kdpj

,dKk;

njhd;wpa[s;sd. clYs; czUk; bjhlUk; nghpaf;f

,t;thW gunk mqbtd;w capuhfp mJnt ,af;fj;jhy; Ritahfp/ ,j;jifa clyhfp kzkhfp/ ghpzhkj; xU ,a';Fk; caph;rrf;jpahfp mr;rf;j;jpna xypahfp/ jpwDkhfp/ caph;fs; vd;w ghpzhk rpwg;ig ,ize;j

kz;lyk;jhd; gpug";rk;/ g";rg{jk; vd;wiHf;fg; kdpjdhd $Ptdplk; mDgtKk; rpe;jida[k; To mwpt[g; bgUf;fk; Vw;gl;L jd; fhuz epiyeho Muha[k; nghJ/ guepiy eho Muha[k;nghJ me;epiy czh;e;j kdpjdhy; jj;Jt tpsf;fk; Vw;gl;lJ. gpug";r ghpzhkk; xU tisaj;ijg; nghd;wJ. ,J guj;jpny bjhl';fp mq/ fhw;W/ btg;gk;/ ePh;/ epyk;/ Xh; mwpt[ $Ptd; Kjy; Iawpt[ $Ptd; tiua[s;s kdpjd;. kdpjnd jd; ,ay;iga[k;/ epiyia[k; czh;e;jnghJ jhd; njtd; vd;W filrpapny guj;jpny Kot[ bgWfpwJ. flypny njhd;Wk; miyfs; flypny

137

ml';FtJ nghyt[k;/ ePhpd; mirit miybad kjpf;fg;bgWtJ nghyt[k; guk;k jdJ ,af;ff; fl;l';fSf;nfl;g;g gy;ntW msptYk; tYtpYk; Vw;w jhH;t[fis bfhz;l ,af;f'; fshft[k; fhl;rpfshft[k; ,Uf;fpdwd. ,it mwpthy; czug; gLfpd;wd. vdnt ehk; fhqk; ve;jj; njhw;wKk; bghUs; epiyapy; gunkahk; guj;ij; jtph;j;J ntW bghUs;jhd; VJ> fhqk; njhw;wKk; fhz;gtDk; ,af;f epiyfspy; xg;gpl;L czUk; fUj;Jf;F ntW ntwhf tpsf;fg;bgw;w nghJk;/ MH;e;j Muha;e;j tpsf;fj;jpy; bghUs; epiyahfpa guKk;/ mjd; epiyahfpa fhl;rpa[k;/ epfH;r;rpapd; epHr;rpahfpg; guj;jpny Koe;J bfhz;oUf;Fk; mwpt[k; \d;Wk; xd;whfnt ,Uf;Fk; ngUz;ik mf;fhl;rpahFk;. cyfj;jpYs;s bghUl;fs; aht[k; kdpj ,dk; cl;gl xt;bthd;Wk; xt;bthU \yg;bghUshy; Mdit. mit mHpa[k; nghJ VjhtJ xU jdpg;bghUspy; nrh;e;JtpLk;. ,J ,aw;ifapd;

138

tpjp. fhw;W/

,jw;F ahUk; vita[k; tpyf;fy;y. Mfhak; Mfpait MFk;. ,e;j

,j;jdpg;bghUl;fs; jd; epyk;/ ePh;/ beUg;g[/ jdpg;bghUl;fs; jdpj;J ,a';fpdhYk; ,it xd;iw xd;W fl;Lg;gLj;jpathW cs;sd. fhw;W kz;iz cwp";Rk;/ ms;sp tPRk;/ kz; vjphp ePiuf;fl;Lk; ePh;/ beUg;g[ beUg;g[f;F

btw;wplj;ij Ml;bfhz;L tpLk;/ btw;wplnkh fhw;iw Ml;bfhz;L tpLk;/ ,Jnt ,aw;ifapy; mike;j rkepiyj; jj;JtkhFk;. ,it xd;iw xd;W kp";Rk;nghJ cyfpy; nguHpt[ Vw;gLk;. ,ij Ie; ehk; fz;Tlhff; (g{jk;) fhz;fpnwhk;. cs;sd. Jd;g';fis czh;fpnwhk;. kdpj clypYk; ,e;j jdpg;bghUl;fs; g";rg{jkhfpa Ie;J jdpg;bghUl;fshy; Md ,t;t[lk;g[ Kotpy; kz;nzhL neuoahfnth kw;w ehd;F jdpg;bghUl;fshy; ce;jg;gl;L gpd;dh; kz;nzhL kz; nrh;tJ jpz;zk;. njhy;kz;/ tha;-ePh;/ fz;-beUg;g[ tapW-btsp \f;Ffhw;W ,e;j Ie;J jdpg;bghUl;fSk; xd;iw xd;W

139

fl:Lg;gLj;jp rkkhf itj;jpUf;Fk; tiu mikjp epyt[tijf; thGk; thH;nt fhzyhk;. ,e;j Ie;j nehaw;w vd;gJk; gy jdpg;bghUl;fSk; xU fl;Lg;ghl;oy; ,Ue;jhy; thH;f;if brhh;f;fkhFk;. bry;tk; ,iwtd; Fiwtw;w

KJbkhHpahFk;.

cyfpy;

$Ptuhrpfisg; gilj;jhh;. 84 Mapuk; $Ptuhrpfs; vd;W TWth; rhd;nwhh;. Mdhy; ehk; mwpe;jJ vd;dnth xU E}W ,UE}W vd;whny mjpfk;. ,jpny kdpjdpd; gilg;g[kpft[k; mhpa xd;W. mwpt[ KGikaile;j xd;W vd;W brhy;fpd;wdh; "hdpfs;. gunk mqthfp mq ,af;fj; bjhlh; tpisthf mJnt gy fl;lf; fhl;rpfshfp/ gyg;gytd tps';Ffpd;wd ntWghLfisg; vd Kd;dnk bgw;W mwpe;njhk;.

mJnt J}a mikg;gpy; capuhft[k;/ czh;r;rp epiyapy; fhyk;/ J}uk;/ gUkd;/ ntfk; vd;w vy;iyfspy; fl;Lg;gl;l czh;tpy;/ ,d;g Jd;gkhft[k;/ fzpjj;jpw;F cl;gl;l gythft[k;

140

,e;j ehd;F msitfisf; fle;j nghJ vy;yhk; xd;Wgl;L tpsf;f';fs; gukhft[k; bjspthf ,Uf;fpd;wJ czug;bgWk;. vd;w gunk

ehdhft[k; cs;sJ. ehd; vd;gJ jdpna ,y;iy. guj;ijj; jtph;j;J ntW xd;Wnk ,y;iy. ,af;f epfH;r;rpfs; midj;jpw;Fk; bghUshft[k;/ mtw;wpw;F Kjy; \y rf;jpahft[k; ,Ug;gJ guk;bghUs; xd;nw. Mjpepiyapy; gukhft[k;/ mqepiyapy; capuhft[k;/ mqf;fs; ,ize;j bfhj;J ,af;f epfH;r;rpapy; cUt';fshft[k;/ fhl;rpfshft[k;/ ,af;f';fshft[k;/ ,Uf;fpd;w me;j xU bghUs; ehd; vd;w brhy;ypd; cz;ikf;fUj;J vd;W bjspthf tps';Fk;. mGj;jkhf mqf;fs; ,ize;J ,a';Fk; xU epfH;r;rpna J}a cly;. mjDnl mGj;jk; Fiwe;J Mdhy; tpiut[ mjpfkhfp Nf;Fkhfr; RHd;W ,a';Fk; mqj; bjhlhpaf;fnk caph;/ J}aj;jpDnl caph;rf;jp RHd;W tUk;nghJ Vw;gLk; nkhjy; epfHr;rpapypUe;J xyp/ xsp/ rit

141

kdk;/ czh;jy; vd;Wk; bjhlh; epfH;r;rpfs; tpisfpd;wd. clYk; mqf;fshy;/ capUk; mqf;fshy; mqf;fspd; \ynk guk; Mfnt clyhf capuhf czh;thf mtw;wpd; Kotpy; gukhf ,Ug;gtd; vtndh mtnd ehd;. ehd; vdg;gLgtnd mtd;. mtd; vdg;gLtd; bja;tk; vdg;gLfpwhd;/ Mjpbadg;gLfpwhd;. gpuk;kk; vdg;gLfpwhd;. mtidj; jtph;j;J jdpna xU epfH;r;rpa[k; ,y;iy. mtnd ehd;/ ehnd mtd;/ vd;W bjspthf czh;e;J bfhs;s ntz;Lk;. jd;idg; g[yd; czh;r;rpfshy; vy;iyfl;o czUk; jd; Kidg;ng kaf;fk;. ,';Fjhd; bjspt[ bgw;W eP';fp xHpfpd;wJ.

gukhqf;fspd; gy;ntWgl;l ,af;f epfH;r;rpfns nghpaf;f kz;lyk;. mjd; Kjy; jdpepiy tpz; vdg;gLk;. mtw;wpd; Kjy; bfhj;J epfH;r;rpna fhw;W vdg;gLk;. mit nkhjpf; bfhs;tjhy; Vw;gLk; btg;g epfH;r;rpna beUg;g[ vdg;gLk;. ePuftha[/ gpuhztha[ vDk; ,Utifahd fhw;W

142

Fwpg;gpl;l mstpy; nrUk;nghJ ePh; MfpwJ. ePhpd; ,Ufpa epiyna kz;. ,t;ite;J epiyfSk; Ie;J bgsjPfk; gphpt[fs; Mdgoahy; mtw;iw g";rg{j';fs; vd;fpnwhk;. kz;zpd; ,Wf;fj;jhy; gyntW cnyhf';fs; tpisfpd;wd vd;whYk; mitbay;yhk; g";rg{j';fs; vd;fpnwhk;. gukhqtpd; gyfl;lf; bfhj;J epfH;r;rpfis CW/ xyp/ xsp/ Rit/ kzk; vd;w xt;bthU vGr;rpa[k; tpisaj;jf;f gphpt[fshfg; gphpj;J vGr;rp/ fth;r;rpahf cs;s mGj;j ,af;ff;fl;lj;ij tpz; vd;Wk;/ xyp vGr;rpbgwk; ,af;fj;ij fhw;W vd;Wk;/ xsp vGr;rpbgwk; ,af;fj;ij beUg;g[ vd;Wk;/ Rit vGr;rp bgWk; ,af;fj;ij ePh; vd;Wk;/ kdk; vGr;rp bgWk; ,af;fj;ij kz; vd;Wk; ghpt[fspy; khDlk; gpw TWfpnwhk;. Element tp";"hdpfs; TWk; 92 tifahd fSk; ,t;ite;J gd;dbdL';fhykhf kdpjidg;

ml';fpa[s;sd. mz;lbtspapy;

nghd;w

caphpd';fs; cz;lh> m';F ntw;Wyf thjpfs;

143

cz;lh vd rpe;jid te;Js;sJ. cjhuzkhf ghftjk; kdpjh;fisg; gpug";rj;jpy; Nhpaidg; nghy nghd;W m';F nkk;gl;l gynfho thGk; $Ptd;fisf; Vw;gl;l kj Nhpad;fSk;/ gyfpuf';fSk;/

Fwpj;J ngRfpwJ. g";r g{jj;jpy; g{kpapy; kl;Lnk capUk;/ fpufk; mwpt[k;/ vd njh;e;bjLf;fg;gl;l fUJk;

ek;gpf;iffSk; cs;sd.

h]fm^k_fjysof wmpufhaGjyf
g";r g{j';fSk; xU epfH;r;rp kz;lyj;jpy; mJ rpwpjhdhYk; bghpjhdhYk; ve;j tpfpjj;jpy; fye;Js;sdnth/ mjw;nfw;g ,af;f ntfj;jpYk;/ tpist[fspYk; ntWghL cz;lhFk;. fhw;wpy; tpz;qk;/ btg;gj;jpy; fhw;Wk;/ tpz;qk; ePhpy; btg;gk;/ fhw;W/ tpz;/ ,ita[k;/ kz;zpy; ePh; btg;gk; fhw;W tpz; Mfpa ehd;Fk; mlf;fk;.

144

,g;go fye;J ,a';Ffpd;wd. xt;bthU g{jKk; jd;dstpy; jdpj;jdpna ,a';Fk;nghJ xU jd;iknahLk; kw;bwhd;wpy; ,a';Fk;nghJ me;j ,af;f kz;lyj;jpy; mike;j g";rg{jf;Tl;L/ mjd; fhyk;/ J}uk; gUkd;/ ntfk;/ ,itfl;F Vw;g ntwhd btt;ntwhd jd;iknahL rpwg;g[j;jd;iknahLk; gynfhlhd nfhoj; tpz;zpd; ,a';Fk;. ,jdhy; xt;bthU epfH;r;rpa[k; ntW njhw;w';fshf cUthfpd;wJ.

jd;epiy ,af;fk; bfhs;sy; rf;jp MfpwJ. mJ fhw;wpy; ,a';Fk;nghJ xypf;Fk;

rf;jpahfpd;wJ. thridahfpwJ. kzk; vd;w

mJ btg;gj;jpy; xsptpLk; mGj;jk;/ xyp/ xsp/ Rit/ ,af;fj;jd;ikfs; me;j kz;lyj;jpy; xd;nwhL fhe;jk;/

rf;jpahfpwJ. ePhpy; mJnt Ritahfp kz;zpy;

xd;wpize;J xU kz;ly epfH;r;rpapy; Kiwahf ,a';Fk;nghJ kpd;rhuk;/ btg;gk;/ fhw;W Mfpa ehy;tifahd RHy;fs; Kiwahf mjdjd; ntfj;jpy; mjdjd;

145

ghijapy; RHd;W nkny brhy;yg;gl;l mGj;jk; Kjyhd Itif ,af;f';fspYk; g';FbgWfpd;wd. ,e;j Itif ,af;f mjph;t[ miyfs;

Kiwahfj; bjhlh;e;J eilbgWkhdhy; mjd; tpisthf tpj;Jf;TWfs; tpise;J ,ize;J me;j kz;lyj;jpy; czh;r;rp vd;w ,af;fk; cUthfpd;wd. mg;nghJ me;j kz;lyk; mwpt[ vd;w rpwg;gpaf;fj;jpw;F mog;gilahd tpj;J Mfpd;wJ. ,e;j tpj;Jf; nfhs';fs;jhd; mog; vy;yhtifahd nfhs';fs; caphpd';fSf;Fk;

gilahd rpw;wiufs; MFk;. ,j;jifa tpj]Jf; vz;zpf;ifapy; bgUfpf;To bfhj;jhf mike;J ,a';fp bfhs;sy;/ js;sy;/ czh;jy;/ tpj;jpLjy;/ vd;w rpwg;gpaf;f';fisg; bgWk;nghj rf;jp mj;bjhFg;g[ fhw;W/ ,af;fnk ePh;/ $Ptd; epyk;/ vdg;gLk;. ,e;j tpsf;fj;jhy; gukhq vd;w xnu xUg[wk; btg;gk;/

146

,itahfp J}yf; fhl;rpfhst[k;/ ,tw;wpDnl mnj gukhqtpd; vGr;rp fth;r;rp vd;w ,af;fr; rpwg;ng klf;F epfHr;rpfshfp xyp/ xsp/ Rit kzk;/ mwpt[/ vd;Wk; Nl;rk ,af;f';fshft[k; $Ptfhe;jkhft[k; kpsh;fpd;wd. ,j;jifa Nf;Fk epfH;r;rpfspy; mGj;jk;/ xyp/ xsp/ Rit/ kzk;/ Mfpa caph; vdg;gLk; czh;jy; vd;w epfH;r;rpna mwpt[ vdg;gLk;. caph;; ,af;fj;jpd; tpisthd xU rpwg;g[ epiyna mwpt[ MFk;. caph; vd;gJ gukhq. ,jd; ,af;f ntWghLfs; vz;zpwe;jd gphpt[fspy; epiwe;j ,e;epiyapy; vd;gjhYk; RUf;fkhf \d;W bjhpe;J bfhs;syhk;. nghpaf;f

kz;lyk; KGtJk; tpz; vd;w caph;j;Jfs; bgU';fskhf ,J gpug";r ,Uf;fpd;wJ. caph;;. ,Jnt

kfhfhrk; (kfh + Mfhrk;) tpz;.

jpul;rp epiyfshd fhw;W/ btg;gk;/ ePh;/ epyk; Mfpa ehd;F g{j';fspYk; cs; epiw Mw;wyhf mike;J xyp/ xsp/ Rit kzk; vd]w

147

tpist[fshf kyh;e;J bfhz;oUf;Fk; ,af;f epfH;r;rpfspy; ,Jnt g{jhfhrk; (g{jk; Mfhrk;) vdg;gLk]. tpj;J vd;w mog;gil mikg;igf; bfhz;L mq mLf;Fshy; mike;j clypy; ,nj tpz; czh;r;rp vd;w rpwg;ghw;wyhf kpsph;fpd;wJ. ,e;j epiyapy; mnj tpz;

rpjhfhrk; (rpj;jk; Mfhrk;) MFk;. ,Jjhd; $Ptd;. rpjhfhrk; vd;w epiynahL/ g{jhfhrKk;/ kfhfhrKk;/ neh; bjhlh;g[ bfhz;oUj;jyhy; xt;bthU $PtDk; gpu";rk; KGika[k; jd;ndhL ,izj;Jf;; bfhz;nl ,a';Ffpd;wJ.

h]fm^k ndg
cjfJkf Kia;kfksof eltfhJksdpmf maafnfk Miamlf Cxoauf cjfJkf kbfxof Wksaf Htlaj Cxoauf Fjfos jatfT

cjfjsof naofJ HtLlf jdunfK Cxoauf Ajaplf

148

cjfjsof Miamlf en;ajmf wmoftauf cjfjsof Miamlf jq[ajmf wmoftauf

lbf nqaf

Miamkfdk dikfK Sj ia[fjfdjpsuf Whfhx Vifwia: wmpusUlf witfts jabfhK Wofhdk m; ma|fks;lf Wofjst Nzusuf isyjfjlajjf rthfhgfGyfyK. m;lf Woftaeu cmfM WofT wha:yf. SK cmfM ma|fks;lf WofhkaJlf. L{jfj m;ma|fks;kfdk isyjfjaisgfgaUlf M:jfjlajjf rTksetalf. mnfks; jdu ngjfJlf ehaK KzkOhfHkuf, kaeo KzK wmufuuf, Hkfkadgjyf Fbskuf, ks:lblf wmpfkuf, Agfjdy eidujfJ WGkfkuf, jsbT, Jylf wigfGkuf, iqG, ldo ia_fJkuf, JxHJkuf, wha:yfjdy istftuf, kojfJ eluaoiafjdy jabmf wmufUkuf, wkpfi hs;ksgfdg wmpfkuf, M;lf kqafkfkuf,

lbf, nqaf kkfKilf Dujspuf isija;lf Wofhkauf FK Ktit SpUjfJ WGkfKjf wjayfyhfhg lagfgaK. Fjfos nufisdo kqisdo S;bfdgPlf ma:lf. ltftdi Wufualf Ktit Spuf.

149

mlakaolf ehmuf, jufis ejgfGjf wjayfYkuf, Sdi Wufualf wmpfiK nofdlpaJlf. vasp jdu ngjfJlf ehaK J: Dhekmlf whtuf, Dhekmlf wmpfkuf, Wksasdp is;gfguf, hpsaf isdykfkuf, ispaha;lf ehmuf, kq;a i[jfdjkf kqafkfkuf, m_fjqklf haguf, ehmkf wkag_fJkuf, makskfkuf, wjaufUlf isgkfdkkf kqafkfkuf, Dbi:nfKkuf, nskfksd; wmpfkuf nofdlpaJlf. Shfhx Eof Snfk Snfk Miamlf ndgwhTlf ehaK Sofo Sofo wmpdu wmpfpmf wmaofoaafjyf WofhK ejyfis. vaspjdu ngjfJlf ehaK MiamlaoK hsgas i[spajhf ehapf wmpufhGlf. mnfks;jdu ngjfJlf ehaK cdypsof hJks L{jfj wmofTi:lf. Miamlf msu jolf Fksjlf AJlf ehaK APyf JdtjstK WofT mskfkafjyf jbfG hsxkfKyfyaafjyf. Lpuf 1 nsl sgkfkst fJ 36 cmfM 2 i:glf APyf Jksd ; 1 nsl sgkfkst fJ 16 cmfM 2 0 i:glf APyf

150

los k of 1 nsl sgkfkst fJ 16 cmfM 120 i:glf APyf Adl 1 nsl sgkfkst fJ 4 cmfM 500 i:glf APyf ekd; 1 nsl sgkfkst fJ 2 cmfM 2000 i:glf APyf eltfjbfg ish;hfhx Jksd;dphf ehauf loskof 1 nslsgkfkstfJ 16 cmfM isGjsoft ehaKlf FkOdgp APuf 20 i:glaj Jdtpjf ja;blf Jksd;psof eijlf Fksjlf. FK VGikauf Fkof APyf JdtjstK. SofwoaofT FkOdgp cu FBjfrtsof ha;lfhasp SpufHlaJlf. loskof 1 nslsgkfkstfJ 16 cmfM wmpufhgfgaUlf Jksd;dp ehaofT VGiksufdu, Dd[hfhksufdu hu lg_fJ Jksd;dpjf jagfxUlf Dd[hfH JdtI. Fkoaeu APgfjaulf 120 Aj nqgfxjfjstK. AdlpaoK lsjjf Jdtnfk FuI cmfM isGiK lgfGlufualuf FK wlKiaj Fxeluf Fx WGkfK wmufUlf. Fkoauf 500 i:glf ia[fjstK. ekd;epa 1 nslsgkfkstfJ 2 cmfM isGjsoftK. Fkof wmpufhaG lsj lsj JdtI Fkoauf 2000 i:glf ia[fjstK.epajsjuf k_fjyf kiiusdlpauf wiysep 12 F_fJulf

151

wmufUjsoft Miamkfdk Jdtjfj Jdtjfj hufeiT iusdljyf, mskfKjfjyf whtftoaf.

11 F_fJulf Miamlf ngnfkauf Duj Admjyf ehaJlf 10 F_fJulf Miamlf ngnfkauf ]aolf DbfgaJlf 9 F_fJulf Miamlf ngnfkauf iseijlf ekaofTlf 8 F_fJulf Miamlf ngnfkauf Kz;kfkseu ngjfjsoft nsj[fmfmsjyf wkasPlf 7 F_fJulf Miamlf ngnfkauf 6 F_fJulf Miamlf ngnfkauf Ajapkfksuf Dyfydijyf nsdu wkasPlf 5 F_fJulf Miamlf ngnfkauf Dguf jap mskfks DbfgaJlf 4 F_fJulf Miamlf ngnfkauf 8 idjpao mskfKjfjyf djrGlf 3 F_fJulf Miamlf ngnfkauf iaosuf Wufua jbfg_fjysUlf m]fmasjfjualf 2 F_fJulf Miamlf ngnfkauf rGisgfG rGhapualf 1 F_fJulf Miamlf ngnfkauf Aoflkasmolf jabualf

152

Miamlf Dkskfk Sgkfksuf nsdukfkauf mlaks ehasofh nsdupdgpualf, Aja;lf Softs S:jfjualf. loskOdgp Miamkfdk dikfK Whfhx wpufualf djpa[ualf Wofhdk haafjfJlf ehaK mskfkafjysof iufuhLlf FtsIjf rafdlPlf hs;lsjfj dijfjstK. hs;abapallf, iamsepajlf Wofjst hpstfmsjdywpufualf maspao J:isosglf wkasnfK wjabfG hpstfmspsuf St_fj eibfGlf. maka;blaj hufeiT Hkfkj_fjdyhf hxkfKisgfG hpstfms wmpfiK Dasp hudokf k;aK. msu eidyjysuf FKei DgUjfJ Sdg%T DbfgajfjsisGlf. hs;abpalkfksoauf Whfhx Wnfkiskkfksuf hpof Fdgjsetalf Wofhdk haafhfehalf. hs;abpalkfkauf FdgPlf nofdl, enapfjyf i;aluf kGjfjualf, Ae;ajfjsplao Dguaj dikfKjf wjayfUkuf, APdy Fksjaskfkuf. lokfksuf iusdlPlf, WdkPlf AeuamskfK maspao LxI WGjfJlf kbfdlPlf, Huofjysof F{jfJ ehaoftdijyf Mkfklf wmpfPlf. hs;abapl hpstfms culf kof lodk AYlf, AYdlkf

153

ks;do wht LxPlf. V:maka;b loskof V: nslsgkfkstfJ 25 Lkuf 30 id; Miam_fjyf isgualf. enapayspaj S:nfkauf Miamlf JTjspkajIlf, Wbfbsjfdj Fksjlaj S:jfJlf. ekafmfms whtft epajsjYjfJ V: nslsgkfkstfJ 15 Lkuf 18 id; Miamlf ndgwhTlf. m;amas 8 Miam_fjyf iskfkspamlff Dyfyo. hs;abapl makdopsuf witfts Fdgnfkiof FdgPlf huoaoK,
1 nslsgkfkstfJ 8 Miamlf lsJks, 1 lbsjfJ 8 x 60 = 480 Miam_fjyf, 1 nayf FufuK 24 lbs en;kfkstfJ 8 x 60 x 24 = 11520 Miam_fjyf lsJks, 8 Miamlf lsJkshfhGikauf loskosof APyf 1 i:gkfktfJ Mlaaf 162 nagfjyf FksjlaJlf, hs;abapl hpstfms ksolf 1/2 lbs en;lf wmpfkauf 1 nslsgkfkstfJ 2 Miamlf JdtPlf, 2 Miamlf lsJkspaoauf 1 i:gkfkstfJ APyf 6

nayf FksjlaJlf. SK Whfhx Ftsispuf ^afilaj DbafiK? Woft ejyfis Sptfdjpajei W{iK SpufH.

154

Dka;blaj elagfgaaf iajokfdkep WGkfKjf wjayfeialf. Fnfk iajokfkstfJ Fksjlf Vgfglf wjaGkfkauf FksUyfy haj_fjyf ekpfnfK 10 i:glf Cg eibfxp iajolf 5 i:gkfksuf kof kstdo S[nfK isGjstK. Fek ehauf nlK Dgusuf Dyfy FBkfks;ofjYlf Fksj cmfMjfjatfT wiusepTikauf Dpsafmf mjfksdp S[nfK Dguf isd;isuf kyafnfmfmspdgPlf. Ajei Miamhf hpstfms culf jgfGhfhGkfKlf ehaK Dgusof Dyf DThfHjfjysof Dpsaf mkfK is;plf JdtnfK APyf nqgfxhfHlf Ae;ajfjsp ia[fIlf Dbfgajsofto.

155

7 Fnfkjfja;blf
1. kdk;/ 2. g[j;jp/ 3. rpj;jk;/ 4. mf';fhuk; vd ehd;F tifg;gLk;.

156

xU bghUis mwpa g[yd;fshd bka;/ tha;/ fz;/ \f;F/ brtp/ vd;git g[wj;nj ,Ue;J bray;gLfpd;wd. gLfpd;wd. kdk; mit jUk; tpra';fisg; gjpt[ bra;J mfk;; cs;ns ,Ue;J bray; mfj;nj epd;W bray;gLk; fUtp xU bghwpthapyhf tUk; mff;fUtpfs; my;yJ me;jf;fuzk; MFk;. VnjDk; bghwpfspd; bra;jpfis me;jg;bghUspd; kPJ epWj;jp ,J ,d;djhf ,Uf;fyhk; vd epidj;J re;njf epiyapy; ,Ug;gnj kdk; vdg;gLk;. g[j;jp - mJ ,Jjhd; vd epr;rapf;Fk.; ,e;j epr;ra czh;t[ bray;totk; bgw fUtp/ fuzhjpfs; Cf;Ftpf;f MFk;. bfhz;L vGk;g[k; ,e;j tUjy; kdk; epfH;r;rpna rpj;jk; Kjypa mf';fhuk; Kot[f;Ff; vd;gjhFk;. fUtpfisf; bray;ghLifs

Md;khthdJ

bfhz;L czUk;nghJ mt;t[zh;t[ gw;Wjy;/ epr;rapj;jy;/ xUg;gl;L vGjy;/ rpj;jpj;jy;/ vd ehd;F tifg;gLk;. ,dp xU bghUis ,d;dJ

157

vd epr;rapf;Fk; g[j;jp/ mjid Kd;ida gHf;fk; gw;wp mjd; tpidf;F <lhf mijj; jdf;F cwthfnth/ czUk;. gifahfnth bghJthfnth ,g;go czh;jyhh; ,d;gk;/ Jd;gk;/ ,t;thW ghpzkpj;J epw;Fk;

kaf;fk; vd \d;W tpj Fz';fSs; xd;whf ghpzkpf;Fk;. g[j;jpia Md;kh ,J Jd;gk;/ ,J ,d;gk;/ ,J ,uz;Lkpy;yhjJ vd mwpe;J gpd; mf;Fzk; njhd;Wfpd;w Jd;g[w;wnd;/ fhuzj;jhy; ka';fpndd; ehd; vd ,d;g[w;nwd;/ czUk;

,t;t[zh;t[fs; ntjidf; fhl;rpfs; MFk;. g[wj;nja[s;s ntjidf; fz;qf; fpdpabjhU bghUisf; fz;L ,d;g[Wk; nghJ Kd;dh; ,J njhd;whfhl;rpa[k; ,d;dbjd czUk; khdrf;fhl;rpa[k;/ ,J ,d;d ,d;gk; vd;Dk; jd; ntjidf; fhl;rpa[k; xd;wd;gpd; xd;whf fhuz fhhpa Kiwapy; fly; miynghy; Md;khtpd; czh;tpy; te;J njhd;Wk;. ,g;goahf Md;kj;Jtk; 24-k; Md;kht[f;Fj; J}atotpy;

158

nenu bjhlh;g[ld; bray; gLfpd;wd. cyfpy; cs;s xt;bthUtUk; jdJ $Ptdpd; rhpj;jpuj;ijf; fz;L bfhz;lhy; cyfpy; vy;yhk; ,d;gk;jhd; ,t;t[yfpy; vJt[k; ey;yJk; ,y;iy ez;gd; giftd; fpilahJ. xt;bthU Md;kht[k; jd; Ra J}a mwpit mwpe;J tpl;lhy; vy;yhk; rkk;/ vy;yhk; ,d;g kak; MFk;. Mfnt Mj;k"hdk; bgWtJ ,d;wpikahjJ. kdpjd; thHj;bjhpe;jtd;. thH ntz;Lk;. gpd;gw;wpa[k; rpj;jk; thHntz;Lk;. bjhpahjth; bjhpe;jth; fhl;Lk; tHpia ek;gpa[k;/ gpd;gw;wpa[k; thHj;bjhpe;J thH:gth;fshd gf;jh;fs;. bfhz;L epr;ra ,e;j tUjy; czh;t[ mwp"h; bgUkf;fs; "hdpfis ek;gp mth;fisg; thH;gth;fns Kot[f;Ff; ,e;j bray;ghLifs

vd;gjhFk;.

bray;totk; bgw fUtp fuzhjpfs; Cf;Ftpf;f vGk;g[k; epfH;r;rpna mf';fhuk;.

159

8 koflakfksd;jyf
jd;khj;jpiufs; vd;gJ cUgz;g[ ,y;yhjit/ mqf;fs; xd;W To jd;khj;jpiu Mfpd;wd. jd; khj;jpiufspypUe;nj g{j';fs; njhd;Wfpd;wd

160

vd;W

Vw;fdnt

goj;njhk;.

g";rg{j';fs; ,nj

gpwg;g[f;Ff; fhuzk; jd;khj;jpiufs;. ,e;jphpa';fs; Efh;r;rpapy;

jd;khj;jpiufs;jhd; g";rg{j';fspd; bjhlh;ghy; bjhHpw;gLtjw;Fj; jd;khj;jpiu Jiz bra;tdtha[k; cs;sd.

vd;whYk; Nf;Fk g{jk; vd;whYk; bghUs; xd;nw. ,itfs; ,ae;jphpa ,af;f';fSf;F Mw;wiyf; bfhLj;J bray;glitf;Fk;. "hnde;jphpakhd bka;/ tha;/ fz;/ \f;F/ brtp ,t;tidj;Jk; g";rg{j';fspd; bjhlh;g[/ mJ mjd; czh;r;rpfis mwpa[k;. fz;nke;jphpak; tha;/ fhy;/ if/ ,Utha;/ Fwp/ ,itfs; mjd; mjd; ntiyfisr; bra;a[k;.nkw;fz;l g{j';fspd; Ie;jpd; Nl;Rk Fz';fns jd;khj;jpiufshFk;. jd;khj;jpiufs; vd;gJ cUgz;g[ ,y;yhjit. mqf;fs; xd;W To jd;khj;jpiu Mfpd;wd. jd; khj;jpiufspypUe;nj g{j';fs; njhd;Wfpd;wd vd;W Vw;fdnt goj;njhk;. g";rg{j';fs; ,nj gpwg;g[f;Ff; fhuzk; jd;khj;jpiufs;.

jd;khj;jpiufs;jhd; g";rg{j';fspd; bjhlh;ghy;

161

,e;jphpa';fis Efh;r;rpapy; bjhHpw;gLtjw;Fj; Jiz bra;tdtha[k; cs;sd. ,itfs; g";r,e;jphpa jd;khj;jpiu ,af;f';fSf;F vd;whYk; Nf;Fk g{jk; vd;whYk; bghUs; xd;nw. Mw;wiyf; bfhLj;J bray;glitf;Fk jpwd; bfhz;lit. "hnde;jphpa';fshd bka;/ tha;/ fz;/ \f;F/ brtp ,t;tidj;Jk; g";rg{j';fspd; bjhlhghy; czuitg;gJk; ntiyfisr; jd;khj;jpiufs; mjdjd; czh;r;rpfis tha;/ ,e;j mog;gilapy; fz;nke;jphpa';fshd; bra;aitg;gJ[k; jhd;. ,e;j

if/ fhy;/ ,Ltha;/ Fwp/ ,itfs; mjdjd;

bjhlh;e;J rpe;jpj;jhy; mqf;fs; ,ize;J tpz;/ fhw;W/ btg;gk;/ ePh; epyk; vd;w Ie;J gphpt[fSk; mtw;wpypUe;J mGj;jk;/ xyp xsp Rit kzk;/ mwpt[ vd;w MWtifahd epfH;r;rpfSk; eilbgWfpd;wd vd;gJ bjhpa[k;.

162

bka;epiyahfpa gubtspa[k; capu;; epiyahfpa gukhqf;fSk; ,af;fk; mj;jifa tpz;/ xU vy;iyf;Fs; epiyfis mika[k; mstpd; tpfpjhrhuj;jpw;F Vw;g m';F eilbgWk; gy;ntW milfpd;wJ. Fwpg;ghf epyk;/ xU Vw;g ntWghLfs; btg;gk;/ ,t;ite;J ,a';Ffpd;wnjh jhd; jz;zPh; gphpt[fspy; mjw;F

mwptpdhy; czug;bgWk; Kf;fpa gphpt[fshfpa fhw;W/ vd;gdthFk;. ,ize;J

epiynahL kw;w epiyia ve;j mstpy; To mGj;jk;/ xyp/ xsp/ Rit/ kzk;/ mwpt[/ vd;w MWtifahd epfHr;rpfSk; mtw;wpd; xt;bthU gphptpYk; gytpj Vw;w jhH;t[ ,g;go epiyfSk; xt;bthU bjhlhpaf;fk;/ ,e;j cz;lhf;Ffpd;wd. ,af;fj;jpYk; gythf

jd;dpaf;fk;/

gpujpgypg;g[ ,af;fk;/ juk;/ khw;wk; Vw;gl;L xd;W ,a';Fk; epfHr;rpfshfpd;wd. bjhlh; Kiwapny ,a';Fk; epfHr;rpfs;

mqthfp/ mqf;fs; To fhw;whfp/ btg;gkhfp/

163

ePuhfp mz;lbtspapny jd;idj;jhnd RHd;W Rw;wp kpje;J bfhz;L ,Uf;fpd;wd. mjd; kj;jpapy;; tpiut[ Fiwe;j mqf;fs; beUf;f Kw;W fdw;FHk;ghfp nky;nehf;fp ePh;tuk;gpw;F nky; te;J bfl;oahd ghpzhknk epykhFk;. nkYk; g{kpapd; eLikaj;jpy; Vw;gLk; mqf;fs; mGj;jj;jhy; btg;gk; mjpfkhfp mjd; tpisthf nkYk; cnyhf';fs;/ bfhz;nl ,uj;jpd';fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. mq ,urhad';fshft[k; cw;gj;jpahfpd;wd. nkYk; tpise;J Kiwahfj; kpd;rhuk; jhdhf fhw;W/ ePh;/ cz;lhFk; Mfpa

mLf;Fg;bgw;w xU ,af;f kz;lyj;jpy; fhe;jk;/ ehy;tifr; RHy;fSk; Vw;gl;L bfhs;sy;/ js;sy; vd;w ,af;f epfH;r;rpfs; Kiwahf eilbgWk;nghJ mJ tpj;jhfpd;wJ. nkYk; mt;tpj;jhdJ Mw;wyhy; vGr;rp bgw;W ,a';fp jhtu ,dkhfpa Xuwpt[ $PtdhfpaJ. mjpypUe;j <uwpt[ ,dkhd

164

g[G njhd;wp/ mijj; bjhlh;e;J \twpt[/ ehywpt[/ Iawpt[g; gpuhzpfs;/ Mwwpt[s;s kdpj ,dKk; njhd;wpa[s;sd. capuhfp clyhfp mr;rf;;jpna mJnt ,t;thW gunk mqbtd;w jd;dGj;j xspahfp/ ,af;fj;jhy; Ritahfp

clYs; ,a';Fk; caph;rrf;jpahfp xypahfp/

kzkhfp/ czUk; jpwDkhfp/ caph;fs; vd;w ghpzhk rpwg;ig bgw;wJ. ,j;jifa ghpzhkj; bjhlUk; ,af;f';fSk; ,ize;j xU nghpaf;f kz;lyk;jhd; gpug";rk; g";rg{jk; vd;wiHf;fg; gLfpd;wJ.

165

9 hs;h]fmlf
mqf;fs; njhd;wp mqf;fspd; ,izg;g[ ,af;f';fshy; mz;l nguz;lkhfp gpug";rkhfp cyfhfp caph;fs; gyt[khfp/ vj;jidnah nfho rPtuhrpfspy; ehDk; xUtd; vd;fpw bjspt[ bgWtnj bfhz;L "hdkhFk;. nghdhy; Koitg; gpoj;Jf; mwpayhk;. bjhlf;fj;ij

166

bjhlf;fj;ijg; gpoj;jhy; Koita[k; mwpayhk;. Mf gpwg;gpd; bjhlf;fj;ija[k; ,ijnajhd; Koita[k; mfj;jpah; mwptnj "hdk;.

TWk;nghJ/
kfj;jhd uf!;aklh "hdkhh;f;fk; ,z';fpanjhh; mUju';f khd Nl;rk; Vfhe;j Nl;fbkd;w fijiaf; nfS Fz';Ftpa Mjp me;jf; Fwpia ed;wha; brst[[kpa rhfuk] 113

nkw;fz;l ghly; \yk; Mjp me;jk; bjhptJjhd; "hdk; vd;gij mwpayhk;. cz;ikahd bka;g;bghUs;. ehDk; ,Uf;fpnwd; vd;W btl;lbtspjhd; mg;bghUspny czh;e;J btl;l

btspapny njhd;wpa caphpd';fs; mj;jida[k; vd; cld; gpw;e;njhh;fns vd;w mf czh;t[ gpwe;J ve;j caphpd';fSf;Fk; Jd;gk; mspf;ff;TlhJ/ tPLngW MFk;. Md;khthFk;. Jd;gg;gLfpd;w caph;fs; kPJ ,ij mila[k; $Ptd;jhd; btl;lbtsp/ bgUbtspahfpa

fUiz fhl;o ,d;gj;Jld; thGk; thH;f;ifjhd;

167

bka;g;bghUisna thdk; vd;Wk;/ thd; vd;Wk; TWth;. tPL ngW bgw;wth;fis thd; mth/; thdth; vd;W TWth;. njth; vd;Wk; TWth;. jhd; mth; jd;id mtuhff; fz;l fhuzj;jhy; jhdth;/ jiytd; vd;Wk; TWth;. jdJ gue;j mwpthy; vg;bghGJk; btl;l btsp bka;bghUs; ,izj;J rjhfhyk; epyt[k; mth;fspd; braYkhf cs;sj;jpd; ,Uf;fpd;wth;fSf;F

epiy Rth;f;fk;/ Rth; mfk;. Rth; vd;why; nghpd;gk;. fLe;jtj;jpd; \yk; Md;khthdJ jd;dpiy tpsf;fk; bgWfpwJ. mg;go tpsf;fk; bgWfpd;w J}a epiyiaj;jhd; "hdk; vd;fpd;wdh;. ,e;j KGik ngw;iwna rhd;nwhh;fs; tPLngW vd;Wk; TWfpd;wdh;. tPL vd;why; ,lk; my;yJ Mjhuk; vd;W bgah;. fhuzk; ,y;yhky; xU fhhpak; Mjhuk; Kog;gjpy;iy. ,Ue;njahf Mjhuk; ,y;yhky; Mnjak; gpwg;gjpy;iy. ve;j njhw;wj;jpw;Fk; ntz;Lk;. mJnghy; Md;khtpw;Fk; Xh; ,lk;

168

,Ue;jhfntz;Lk;. mjw;F Mjhuk; (vJ) ,lk; Mf cs;sJ vd Muha;e;jhy; Kothf ekf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; tpil ve;j MjhuKk; ,y;yhj xU bghUns vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; Mjhukhft[k;/ fyrj;jpw;F cs;sJ/ g{kpf;F ,lkhft[k; ,Ug;gJ czug;bgWk;. cjhuzkhf nfhapy;nky; fyrk; ,Uf;fpwJ. nfhapy; nfhg[uk; Mjhukhf

nfhg[uj;jpw;F g{kp Mjhukhf cs;sJ.

btl;lbtsp ,lkhf cs;sJ. btl;lbtspf;F Mjhuk; ,Uf;fpwjh> ,y;iy. mjd; moKoiaf; fhzKoahJ vd;gij tpsf;fnt mfj;jpaUk;/
ghug;gh moKoa[e; njog;nghd gjpthd khyaD'; fhzh bud;W neug;gh ntj Kiuj;jpl;l bra;jp ePs; g[tpapy; ahth;f;Fk; ciuj;jpl;l bra;jp brst[[kpa rhfuk] 118

btl;lbtspia

msf;f

,ayhJ

vd;gij

tpsf;fnt jpUkhy; gd;wp mtjhuk; vLj;J rptd; ghjj;ijf; fhzr; brd;whh; vdt[k;/ jpUkhy; md;dg;gl;rp totk; bfhz;L rptd;Ko fhz

169

nkny

brd;whh;

vdt[k;/

fij

\yk;

brhd;dhh;fs;. btl;lbtsp vd;why; mjw;bfd;W Mjhuk; ,y;iy. Mfnt mJ KjyhfpwJ. mjpypUe;Jjhd; Uf;fntz;Lk;. njhw;wg;bghUs; vdnt btl;l btl;lbtsp njhd;wpap btspna vd;fpw

MjpahdJ. mjw;F ntW Mjhuk; ,y;yhjjhy; mJnt mehjpahdJ. tPl;od; ,af;f rf;jpahy; mqnjhd;wp/ mfk; vd;why; cs;sk; vd;gJ nghpd;g cs;sj;ijg; bgw;wth;fns Rth;fnyhf thrpfs; vd;gjhFk;.
btl;lbtspjhd; bka;g;bghUs; vd;gjw;F bka;g;bghUs; fz;L tps';Fk; bka; "hdpf;F/ fw;g';fs; VJf;fo> fhzhkw; fz;L fUj;njhL ,Ug;nghh;f;F tPzhir VJf;fo> epj;jpiu bfl;L epidnthL ,Ug;nghh;f;F Kj;jpiu VJf;fo> je;jpukhd jye;jd;dpy; epw; nghh;f;F ke;jpuk; VJf;fo> Kj;jkpH; fw;W Ka';Fk; bka; "hdpf;F rj;j';fs; VJf;fo> cr;rpf;F nky; brd;W cah;btsp fhz;nghh;f;F ,r;rpg;gp';F VJf;fo>

170

ntfhky; bte;J btspapidf; fhz;nghh;f;F nkhfhe;jk; VJf;fo> rhfhky; jhz;g[ jdptHp nghnthh;f;F Vfhe;jk; VJf;fo> Mde;jk; bgh';fp mwpnthL ,Ug;nghh;f;F J}de;jhd; VJf;fo> rj;jpf; Tlj;ij jpdk; jpdk; fhz;nghh;f;F gj;jpuk; VJf;fo> jd;id mwpe;J jiytidr; nrh;e;njhh;f;Fg; gpd;dhir VJf;fo> brj;jhiug; nghh;j; jphpa[k; bka; "hdpf;F ifj;jhsk; VJf;fo> Fjk;igr;rpj;jh;

gpwg;gpd; tpsf;fnt

Mjpiaa[k;

Koita[k; nkw;fz;l

mwpe;j ghly;

"hdpfSf;F vJt[nk njitapy;iy vd;gij Fjk;igr;rpj;jh; \yk; TWtijf; fhzyhk;.

hs;h]fm hasballf
gpug";r ghpzhkk; xU tisaj;ijg; nghd;wJ. ,J guj;jpny bjhl';fp mq/ fhw;W/ btg;gk;/ ePh;/ epyk; Xh; mwpt[ $Ptd; Kjy; Iawpt[ $Ptd; tiua[s;s czh;r;rp epiy cUtkhd

171

kdpjdhfpwJ.

kdpjnd

jd;

,ay;iga[k;/

epiyia[k; czh;e;jnghJ jhd; njtd; vd;W filrpapny kPz;Lk; guj;jpny Kot[ bgWfpwJ. g";rg{j braw;ifahd gupzhkk; CLUtp Kiwf;Fk; njhw;wkhff; vd;Dk; xo fhqk; gy Vw;g ,a';Fk; epfHr;rpfspy; fl;l';fspYk; jd;ikf;Fk;/ vd;w tpz;/

tpiutpw;Fk; bjhlh;

mGj;jk;/ xyp/ xsp/ Rit/ kzk; czh;r;rpfs; MWtifahd epfH;r;rpfs; cz;lhfpd;wd. vdnt gupzhknk caph;; vd kjpf;fg;gLfpwJ. flypny njhd;Wk; miyfs; flypny ml';FtJ nghyt[k;/ ePhpd; mirit miybad kjpf;fg;bgWtJ nghyt[k; gpug";rk; jdJ ,af;ff; fl;l';fSf;nfwgg gy;ntW mstpYk; tYtpYk; Vw;w jhH;t[fis bfhz;l ,af;f'fshft[k; fhl;rpfshft[k; ,Uf;fpdwd. ,it mwpthy; czug; gLfpd;wd. vdnt ehk; fhqk; ve;jj; njhw;wKk; bghUs; epiyapy; guknkahk.; guj;ij jtph;j;J ntW bghUs;jhd;

172

VJ. fhqk; njhw;wKk; fhz;gtDk; ,af;f epiyfspy; xg;gpl;L czUk; fUj;Jf;F ntW ntwhf tpsf;fk;;bgw;w nghJk/ MH;e;J Muha;e;j tpsf;fj;jpy; bghUs; epiyahfpa guKk]/ mjd; epiyahfpa fhl;rpa[k;/ epfH;r;rpapd; epHr;rpahfpg; guj;jpny Koe;J bfhz;oUf;Fk; mwpt[k; \d;Wk; xd;whfnt ,Uf;Fk; ngUz;ik mf;fhl;rpahFk;. gunk mqthfp me;j mq ,af;fj; bjhlh; tpisthf mJnt gy fl;lf; fhl;rpfshfp/ gyg;gy ntWghLfisg; bgw;W tps';Ffpd;wd vd Kd;dnk mwpe;njhk;. mJnt J}y mikg;gpy; fl;Lg;gl;l capuhft[k;/ czh;tpy/ czh;r;rp ,d;g epiyapy;

fhyk;/ J}uk;/ gUkd;/ ntfk; vd;w vy;iyfspy; Jd;gkhft[k;/ fzpjj;jpw;F cl;gl;l gythft[k; ,e;j ehd;F msitfisf; fle;j nghJ vy;yhk; xd;Wgl;l gukhft[k; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. gunk ehdhft[k; cs;sJ. ehd; vd;gJ jdpna ,y;iy. ,y;iy. guj;ijj; jtph;j;J ntW xd;Wnk ,af;f epfH;r;rpfs; midj;jpw;Fk;

173

bghUshft[k;/ rf;jpahft[k; Mjpepiyapy;

mtw;wpw;F ,Ug;gJ gukhft[k;/

Kjy;

\y xd;nw.

guk;bghUs;

mqepiyapy;

capuhft[k;/ mqf;fs; ,ize;j bfhj;J ,af;f epfH;r;rpapy; cUt';fshft[k;/ fhl;rpfshft[k;/ ,af;f';fshft[k;/ ,Uf;fpd;w me;j xU bghUs jhd; ehd; vd;w brhy;ypd; cz;ikf;fUj;J vd;gJ bjspthf tps';Fk;. mGj;jkhf mqf;fs; ,ize;J ,a';Fk; xU epfH;r;rpna J}a cly;. mjD}nl mGj;jk; Fiwe;J Mdhy; tpiut[ mjpfkhfp Nf;Fkhfr; RHd;W ,a';Fk; mqj; bjhlhpaf;fnk xyp/ clYk; caph;. xsp/ bjhlh; MdJ. J}yj;jpD}nl Rit kdk;/ caph;rf;jp RHd;W tUk;nghJ Vw;gLk; nkhjy; epfHr;rpapypUe;J czh;jy;/ tpisfpd;wd. capUk; vd;Wk; mqf;fshy; epfH;r;rpfs; Mdhy;

mqf;fshy;MdJ

mqf;fspd; \ynkh guk; Mfnt clyhf

174

capuhf czh;thf mtw;wpd; Kotpy; gukhf ,Ug;gtd; vtndh mtnd ehd]. ehd; vdg;gLgtnd mtd;. vdg;gLtd; bja;tk; vdg;gLfpwhd;/ Mjpbadg;gLfpwhd;/ gpuk;kk; vdg;gLfpwhd;/ mtidj; jtpu;j;J jdpna xU epfH;r;rpa[k; ,y;iy mtnd ehd; ehnd mtd; vd;W bjspthf czh;e;J bfhs;s ntz;Lk;. jd;idg; g[yd; czh;r;rpfshy; vy;iyfl;o czUk; jd; Kidg;ghd kaf;fk; ,';Fjhd; bjspt[ bgw;W eP';fp xHpfpd;wJ.

is]f]ao enajfjsuf hs;h]fmlf

gd;bdL';fhykhf m';F ntw;Wyf khDlk; thrpfs; mz;lbtspapy; cz;lh vd kdpjidg; nghd;w gpw caphpd';fs; cz;lh rpe;jpj;jthW cs;sJ. Nhpaidg; nghd;W

gynfho Nhpad;fSk;/ gyfpuf';fSk;/ m';F

175

thGk;

kdpjh;fisg;

nghy

nkk;gl;l

$Ptd;fisf; Fwpj;J ngRfpnwhk;. g";r g{jj;jpy; gpug";rj;jpy; g{kp kl;Lnk; caph;fs; njhd;w njh;e;bjLf;fg;gl;l ek;gpf;iffSk; fpufk; vd fUJk; kj cs;sd. mwptpay;

g[idfijfs; gpugykhfj; bjhl';fpaJk; gyh; ntw;Wfpuf thrpfspd; gwf;Fk; jl;Lf;fisg; ghh;j;jjhft[k;/ thrpfshy; mjpypUe;J jhk; gy ntw;W fpuf nrhjidf;F gwf;Fk; jl;L

Mshf;fg;gl;ljhft[k;/ Twpdh;.

bgUk; kh;kg; g[jpuhff; fUjg;gl;lJ. ,k;kh;kj;ij mwpa mikf;fg;gl;l fhd;ild; FG ,e;jg; gwf;Fk; thdpiyg; mwptpj;jJ. iffSf;F jl;Lf;fs; cz;ikapy; g{r;rpfs;/ el;rj;jpu gpujpgypg;g[f;fs;/ braw;if nfhs;fs;/ gY}d;fs; mwptpaypd; mg;ghy; Mfpatw;iwna tsh;r;rp ntw;W ,e;ek;gpf; fpuf';fspy; jtWjyhfg; gwf;Fk; jl;L vd kf;fs; fUjpahf

mwpt[ila $Ptd;fs; cs;sdth vdj; njl

176

Muk;gpj;Js;sJ thdtpayhsh;fs] cUthf;fpdh;.

fhh;y;rhfd;/

g[nuf;

nghd;w

vd;Dk; bray; jpl;lj;ij

g{kpapy; gy g[s;spfs; mikf;fg;gl;l nuonah miy/ bjhiy nehf;fpfs; ntw;W fpuf thrpfs; mDg;g[k; kpd;fhe;j nrfhpf;Fk; fzpdpfshy; kpd;fhe;j miy miy bra;jpfSf;fhf cUthf;fg; gl;l mit ntw;Wy njLfpd;wd. braw;ifahf jfty;fs; Muhag;

gz;g[fSf;fhf gLfpd;wd.

cybf';FKs;s

thH;f;iff;fhf ehk; tpjpf;fgl;lth;fsh vd;Dk; kh;kk; tpiutpy; bjspthfptpLk;. g{kpapy; gy g[s;spfs; mikf;fg;gl;l nuonah miy/ bjhiy nehf;fpfs;/ ntw;W fpuf thrpfs; mDg;g[k; kpd;fhe;j miy bra;jpfSf;fhf njLfpd;wd. braw;ifahf cUthf;fg; gl;l kpd;fhe;j miy gz;g[fSf;fhf cybf';FKs;s gLfpd;wd. tpjpf;fgl;lth;fsh mit ntw;Wy vd;Dk; nrfhpf;Fk; thH;nt kh;kk; jfty;fs; Muhag; ehk; tpiutpy; fzdpfshy;

177

bjspthfptpLk;. 1930-y; btw;wplj;jpy; tpirfs; cUthfpwJ Ez;zpait vdt[k; vdt[k; ,t;tpirfs; fz;Lgpoj;jhh; kpf f!;kph;;

vd;Dk; ,aw;gpayhsh;. btw;wplk; g[s;spiaa[k; vd ehk; gpug";rj;jpd; ve;jg;

fUjKoahJ.

btw;wplk;

vdg;gLtjpy; Fthz;l ryd';fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. nuh$h; bgd;nuhy; vd;Dk; mwp"h; jd;Dzh;it Fthz;lk; ,aw;gpay; \yk; tpsf;f Kw;gLfpwhh;. rpy caphpapshsh;fs; ,jid vjph;j;Js;sdh;. ,e;epiy gpuf;i" Fthz;lk; jd;ik bfhz;lbjdpy; mjpy; f!;kph; tpirf;F xU Kf;fpa g';f ,Uf;fyhk;. tpiria tpiria kh;kj;ij 1930y; mstpl mstpLjy; mwpnthkh> cUthfptpl;l epiyapy; Ez;zpa f!;kph; fUtpfs; jd;Dzh;tpd; rpy ,t;btw;wplj;jpd; jw;nghJ \yk;

gpug";rtpaypd; tpirfs;

kpft[k; MH;e;j kh;k';fis ehk; mwpnthkh> btw;wplj;jpy; cUthfpwJ

178

vdt[k; ,t;tpirfs; kpf Ez;zpait vdt[k; fz;Lgpoj;jhh; f!;kph;; vd;Dk; ,aw;gpayhsh;. btw;wplk; g[s;spiaa[k; vd ehk; gpug";rj;jpd; ve;jg; fUjKoahJ. btw;wplk;

vdg;gLtjpy; Fthz;l ryd';fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. nuh$h; bgd;nuhy; vd;Dk; mwp"h; jd;Dzh;it Fthz;lk; btw;wplr; rydf; fpsh;r;rpfs; gpug";r epfH;r;rpfSf;F fhuzkhf ,Uf;fyhk; vd rpy mwptpayhsh;fs; fJfpd;wdh; vd;fpwhh;. f!;kph; tpiria msg;gjpy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f btw;wpia bgw;wpUf;Fk; ,aw;tpayhsh; bfhyk;gpah ckh; gy;fiyf; fHf bkhifjPd; gpug";rk;/

gpui" Mfpatw;iw ,izf;fpwJ. btw;wplj;jpd; tpirfs; ,aw;gpaypd; bkhHpapy; bghj;jKk;/ cgepljk;/ Twpa Ndpakh ,J> vd gpugykhfpa[s;s xspiaa[k; tYf;bfhz;l mz;lbtsp btsptplhj <h;g;g[ gyKila fUe;Jisfs; mst[ fLk; gpunjr';fs;

mjpfkhd epiwa[k; mjpf mlh;j;jpa[k; bfhz;l tpz;kPd;fs; j';fs; vhpbghUs; jPUk; epiyapy;

179

fUe;Jisfshf khWtjhf thdtpayhsh;fs; fUJfpd;wdh;. 1916-y; Iad;!;od; bghJr;rhh;gpaypd; fUj;Jis fUJnfhis Kd; itj;jhh;. fUe;Jis bjhlh;ghd Kf;fpa fz;L gpog;g[f;fis bra;jth; re;jpunrfu Rg;ukzapk;. fUe;Jisfs; cz;ik/ vija[k; btsptplhJ vd;gnj Vw;fg;gl;l fUj;jhf ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy; 1914-y; !;ogd; Qhf;fp'; fUe;Jisfs;/ Jfs;fis xU rPustpy; ckpGk; vdf; fz;L gpoj;jhh;. xspiaa[k; btsptplhj tYthd <h;g;g[ gpunjrk; vt;thW ep+gpj;jhh;. ,d;Dk; gy ,t;thW ,a';f Koa[k;> Mdhy; jk; rkd;ghLfs; \yk; ,J cz;ik vd Qhf;fp'; ,t;thW gpug";rj;jpy; kh;k';fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd vd;W

rhd;nwhh;fs; "hdpfs; Twpa[s;sij mwpayhk;. gpug";r \yf;TWfspd; bjhFg;g[ epfH;t[jhd; kdpj ,dKk;/ kw;w $PtuhrpfSk; cUthdJ. \yg;bghUl;fs; Ie;ij Kd; itj;Jj;jhd; ek; cly; epiy ,Uf;fpwJ.

180

mnjnghy mbkhpf;fhtpy; ele;j miya[k; kwf;f ,ayhJ. Ie;J bghUl;fSk; Mf;Fk; vl;lj;jpy; jP g{kpia czlhf;FfpwJ rhk;gy; (vhpkiyf;FHk;g[). g{rp cnyhfj;ij ePh; cs;s vhpkiyf;FHk;g[ ePiu

cz;lhf;FfpwJ (jhJg;bghUl;fs;). cnyhfk; cz;lhf;FfpwJ (Fsph;e;j lk;shpd; btspapy; ePh; Kj;Jf;fs). ePh; fhl;il czlhf;fp ku';fisg; bgUf;Ffpd;wJ. ,e;j mtru cnyhfk; kuj;ij btl;Lk;.

a[fj;jpy; kdpjh;fs; j';fs; Fiwfisf; fisa vijj; jpd;why; Fiw eP';Fk; vd;w kdepiyapy; ,Ug;gjhy; vija[k; rhg;gplj; ja';Ftjpy;iy. ,';F mwpt[ J}';FfpwJ. czh;r;rp nfhnyhr;Rfpd;wJ. ,uz;L tpjkhd rf;jpfs; cyfj;jpy; cs;sd. ey;y rf;jp/ jPa rf;jp. ey;y rf;jpia Vw;W tuntw;f ntz;Lk;. fpufpf;fg; gHfntz;Lk;. jPa rf;jpia cs;ns tplhky; jLf;f ntz;Lk;. mg;nghJjhd; Md;kh ,t;t[yfpy; vg;nghJk; re;njhr thH;f;if thHKoa[k;. gpgu";rj;jpy;

181

cs;s fh!kpf; fjph;fs; kdpjd; thH;f;if Kiwia elj;jpr; bry;tjpy; xt;bthU bgUk; g';F ey;y tfpf;fpd;wd. bfl;lJKz;L. ,e;j fjph;fspy; ey;yJKz;L kdpjDk;

mjph;#lk;/ kj;jpk mjph;#;lk;/ bfl;l mjph;#lk; ,itfspd; ftiynahL tpidg; gjpt[fSf; nfw;g gpwf;fpwhd;. jpahdk;/ ey;byz;z cwt/ eyKs;s Rw;WRHy; nghd;witfis filgpog; gjd; \yk; kdpjd; jd; bfl;l mjph;#;lj;ij/ mjph;#;lkhft[k; mJ jPtpidia mjw;F ey;tpidahf;f epfH;r;rp

mjpfkhft[k; khw;w Koa[k;. g";r g{j';fSk; xU kz;lyj;jpy; rpwpjhdhYk; bghpjhdhYk; ve;j tpfpjj;jpy; fye;Js;sdnth/ mjw;nfw;g ,af;f ntfj;jpYk;/ tpist[fspYk; ntWghL cz;lhFk;. fhw;wpy; tpz;Dk;/ btg;gj;jpy; fhw;Wk;/ tpz;qk; ePhpy; btg;gk;/ fhw;W/ tpz;/ ,ita[k;/ kz;zpy/; ePh; btg;gf;fhw;W/ tpz; Mfpa ehd;Fk; mlf;fk;.

182

,g;go fye;J ,a';Ffpd;wd. xt;bthU g{jKk; jd;dstpy; jdpj;jdpna ,a';Fk;nghJ xU jd;iknahLk; kw;bwhd;wpy; ,a';Fk;nghJ me;j ,af;f kz;lyj;jpy; mike;j g";rg{jf;Tl;L/ mjd; fhyk;/ J}uk; gUkd;/ ntfk;/ ,itfl;F Vw;g ntwhd btt;ntwhd jd;iknahL njhw;w gukhz CLUtp Kiwf;Fk; rpwg;g[j;jd;iknahLk; gynfhlhd khff; vdk; xo nfhoj; g";rg{j fhqk; gy Vw;g ,a';Fk; tpz;/ ,a';Fk;. ,jdhy; xt;bthU epfH;r;rpa[k; ntW njhw;w';fshf braw;ifahd/ epfHr;rpfspy; fl;l';fspYk; jd;ikf;Fk;/ vd;w cUthfpd;wJ.

tpiutpw;Fk; bjhlh; tpz;zpd;

mGj;jk;/ xyp/ xsp/ rit/ kzk; czh;r;rpfs; MWtifahd epfH;r;rpfs; jd;epiy cz;lhfpd;wd. vdnt/ gukhznt capy; vd kjpf;fg;bgWfpd;wd. ,af;fk; bfhs;sy; rf;jp MfpwJ. mJ fhw;wpy; ,a';Fk;nghJ mJ btg;gj;jpy; xypf;Fk; xspf;Fk;

rf;jpahfpd;wJ.

183

rf;jpahfpwJ. ePhpy; mJnt Ritahfp kz;zpy; thridahfpwJ. kzk; vd;w mGj;jk;/ xyp/ xsp/ Rit/ ,af;fj;jd;ikfs; me;j kz;lyj;jpy; xd;nwhL fhe;jk;/

xd;wpize;J xU kz;ly epfH;r;rpapy; Kiwahf ,a';Fk;nghJ kpd;rhuk;/ btg;gk;/ fhw;W Mfpa ehy;tifahd RHy;fs; Kiwahf mjdjd; ntfj;jpy; mjdjd; ghijapy; RHd;W nkny brhy;yg;gl;l mGj;jk; Kjyhd Itif ,af;f';fspYk; fhf;fg;bgWfpd;wd. ,e;j Itif ,af;f mjph;t[ miyfs;

Kiwahfj; bjhlh;e;J eilbgWkhdhy; mjd; tpisthf tpj;Jf;TWfs; tpise;J ,ize;J me;j kz;lyj;jpy; czh;r;rp vd;w ,af;fk; cUthfpd;wd. mg;nghJ me;j kz;lyk; mwpt[ vd;w rpwg;gpaf;fj;jpw;F mog;gilahd tpj;J Mfpd;wJ. ,e;j tpj;Jf; nfhs';fs;jhd; mog; vy;yhtifahd caphpd';fSf;Fk;

gilahd rpw;wiufs; MFk;. ,j;jifa tpj;jf;

184

nfhs';fs;

vz;zpf;ifapy;

bgUfpf;To

bfhj;jhf mike;J ,a';fp bfhs;sy;/ js;sy;/ czh;jy;/ tpj;jpLjy; vd;w rpwg;gpaf;f';fisg; bgWk;nghj mj;bjhFg;g[ ,af;fnk $Ptd; vdg;gLk;. ,e;j tpsf;fj;jhy; gukhq xnu rf;jp xUg[wk; fhw;W/ btg;gk;/ ePh;/ epyk;/ ,itahfp J}yf; fhl;rpfhst[k;/ ,tw;wpDnl mnj gukhqtpd; vGr;rp fth;r;rp vd;w ,af;fr; rpwg;ng klf;F epfHr;rpfshfp xyp/ xsp/ Rit kzk;/ mwpt[/ vd;Wk; Nl;rk ,af;f';fshf $Ptfhe;jkhft[k; kpsh;fpd;wd. ,j;jifa Nf;Fk epfH;r;rpfspy; mGj;jk;/ xyp/ xsp/ Rit/ kzk; Mfpa caph; vdg;gLk;. czh;jy; vd;w epfH;r;rpna mwpt[ vdg;gLk;. capy; ,af;fj;jpd; tpisthd xU rpwg;g[ epiyna mwpt[ MFk;. caph; vd;gJ gukhq. ,jd; ,af;f ntWghLfs; vz;zpwe;jd/ gphpt[fspy; vd;gjhYk; RUf;fkhf \d;W bjhpe;J bfhs;syhk;. nghpaf;f

kz;lyk; KGtJk; tpz; vd;w caph;j;Jfs;

185

epiwe;j

bgU';fskhf

,Uf;fpd;wJ.

,e;epiyapy; ,J gpug";r capy;. ,Jnt kfhfhrk; (kfh Mfhrk;) tpz; jpul;rp epiyfshd fhw;W/ btg;gk;/ ePh;/ epyk; Mfpa ehd;F g{j';fspYk; cs; epiw Mw;wyhf mike;J xyp/ xsp/ Rit kzk;/ vd;gdthf/ tpist[fshf kyh;e;J bfhz;oUf;Fk; ,af;f ,af;f epfH;r;rpfspy; ,Jnt g{jhfhrk; (g{jk; Mfhrk;) vdg;gLk; tpj:J vd;w mog;gil mikg;igf; bfhz;L mq mLf;Fshy; mike;j clypy; ,nj tpz; czh;r;rp vd;w rpwg;ghw;wyhf kpsph;fpd;wJ. ,e;j epiyapy; mnj tpz; ,Jjhd; rpjhfhrk; (rpj;jk; Mfhrk;) MFk;.

$Ptd;/ rpjhfhrk; vd;w epiynahL/ g{jhfhrKk;/ kfhfhrKk;/ neh; bjhlh;g[ bfhz;oUj;jyhy; xt;bthU $PtDk; gpu";rk; KGika[k; jd;ndhL ,izg;ghff; bfhz;nl ,a';Ffpd;wJ. ehk; Kd; mj;jp;aha';fspy; fz;nlhk;. ,ij (bg';-

Rap) Ie;J bghUl;fis itj;Jj;jhd; jd; cly;

186

Mnuhf;fpak;/ ,lk;/ bghUs;/ ,d;gk;/ tPLngW/ mile;J cnyhfk;/ tUfpd;wdh;. kw;Wk; g{kp/ kuk; ePh;/ beUg;g[ Mfpatw;iw

\yg;bghUshff; fUjp bg';-Rap ,Uf;fpwJ. cnyhfKk;/ kuKk;/ \yg;bghUl;fshf KoahJ. bg';-Rap vd;gJ ,J irdhtpy; gpd;gw;wg;gLk; rh!;jpuk;/ irdhtpy; bg'; xU vd;w rPdthh;j;ij cz;L. ePiu mtnu fhw;iwf;Fwpf;Fk;/ Nap vd;gJ ePiuf;Fwpf;Fk.; gHbkhHp vth;fl;Lg;ghl;oy; cyif MH;thh;. bghUshjhu nkijfs; \d;whdJ cyfa[j;jk; xd;W te;jhy; mJ ePUf;fhfj;jhd; ,Uf;Fk; vd Iag;gLfpd;wdh;. re;njfk; ntz;lhk; ePuhy;jhd; a[fk; (rPij) Koa[k;. Koa[k;. ,uz;lhk; ePuhy; Vw;gl;l mijj;jhd; a[j;jk; rpj;jhh;fs; kz;zhy; fLk; $yg;gpusak; vd;wdh;. Kjy; a[j;jk; bgz;zhy; (Jupnahjdd;). \d;whk; a[j;jk; ePuhy; jhd; ngwirt[jhd; miyahfj;njhd;wp ,g;bghGJ gy nrj';fis itj;jpUf;fpwhnuh

187

cUthf;fp tpl;ld.

Rdhkp nguiyia cyf

kf;fs; fdtpYk; kwf;f KoahJ. mnjnghy mbkhpf;fhtpy; ele;j miyiaa[k; kwf;f ,ayhJ. ,e;j mtru a[fj;jpy; kdpjh;fs; j';fs; Fiwfisf; fisa vijj; jpd;why; Fiw eP';Fk; vd;w kdepiyapy; ,Ug;gjhy; vija[k; rhg;gplj; ja';Ftjpy;iy. ,';F mwpt[ J}';FfpwJ. czh;r;rp nfhnyhr;Rfpd;wJ. ey;y ,uz;L tpjkhd rf;jpfs; cyfj;jpy; cs;sd. xd;W ey;y rf;jp/ kw;bwhd;W jPa rf;jp. rf;jpia Vw;W tuntw;f ntz;Lk;. gHfntz;Lk;. jLf;f jParf;jpia cs;ns ntz;Lk;. mg;nghJjhd; cs;s fpufpf;fg; tplhky; Md;kh fh!kpf;

,t;t[yfpy; vg;nghJk; re;njhrkhd thH;f;ifia thHKoa[k;. gpug";rj;jpy; fjph;fs; kdpjd; thH;f;if Kiwia elj;jpr; bry;tjpy; bgUk; g';F tfpf;fpd;wd. ,e;j fjph;fspy; ey;YJKz;L bfl;lJKz;L. xt;bthU kdpjDk; ey;y mjph;#lk;/ kj;jpk

188

mjph;#;lk;/ fyitnahL gpwf;fpwhd;.

bfl;l

mjph;#lk;

,itfspd; cwt[

tpidg; jpahdk;

gjpt[fSf;nfw;g ey;byz;z

eyKs;s Rw;Wr;RHy; nghd;witfis filgpog; gjd; \yk; kdpjd; jd; bfl;l mjph;#;lj;ij jPtpidia ey;tpidah;ft[k; mjph;#;lkhft[k; mjw;F mjpfkhft[k; khw;w Koa[k;.

189

10 VysPlf wihfhLlf
fz;qf;F vl;lhj Jfy;fshd ,it cU/ gz;g[ Kjypa ,ay;g[fs; ,y;yhjd. Jfs;fshf khWfpd;wd. xd;WTo xU ,j;Jfs;fs; Mw;wiy nkw;bfhz;L jd; khj;jpiufs; vd;Dk; gy jd;khj;jpiufs; jpus;fpd;wd. gukDf;fhfj;

jd;khj;jpiufs; tpiutha;j;Jog;gjhy; xspa[k;/

190

btg;gKk;

njhd;Wfpd;wd.

bghUs;fspy;

tpisa[k; ,uhrhad tpist[fisa[k; rpj;jh;fs; jd; bfhs;ifapy; tpsf;fpa[s;sdh;.

,Uf;fpy; ,Uf;fk; vz;zpyh nfho ,Uf;fpd;w \yj;J}h; m';nf ,Uf;Fk; mUf;fDk; nrhkDk; Muoy; tPr cUf;fpa nuhkk; xsp tpLe;jhnd jpUke;jpuk;-21

nkw;fz;l ghl;od; bghUs; nfhof;fzf;fhd mqf;fspy; TWtijf; Twpdhh;. RHw;rpahy; totKld; mjd; fhzyhk;. bfhz;lit \j;Js;ns xspa[k;/ vd;W ,Uf;fpd;w btg;gKk; rpj;jh;fs; xspa[k;/ btg;gKk;/ mHy;fs; mqj;jd;ik vd;gJ bghUs;. tl;l njhw;wk; tPRfpd;wd vd;W

mz;lk; vd;whny Kl;il totk; vg;go g{kpahdJ jd;dpiy totk; bgw;Ws;snjh/ tpij

mnjnghy g{kpapy; gpwf;Fk; midj;Jk; tl;l cz;lhfpwJ/ Kisf;Fk;nghJ tl;l totk;/ gwit Kl;il tl;l totk;/ g{kpapy; tpGk; kiHj;Jsp tl;l

191

totk;/ nahdpapy; fUtl;l totk;/ ,g;goahf njhw;wk; cz;lhtijf; fhzyhk;. ,g;goahf mz;lj;jpy; cs;s nfhlhd nfho nfhl;fs; mj;jida[k; cUz;il totkhfnt tps';Fk;. kpd;fhe;j nfhof; ,tw;wpd; <h;g;g[ ,ay;g[fs; mjdjd; cz;lhd bfhz;lJ. miyfSf;nfw;g ntWghLfs;

vGr;rpapd; ntWghLfshdJ. fzf;fpl Koahj fzf;fhd ,itfs; jk;nkhL jhKk;/ gpwpJkhf fye;J/ mqf;fshft[k;/ bghUshft[k; mqj;jpus;fspd; $Ptuhrpfs;/ cyfk; Mfpd;wd. fyitfs; mqj;jpushft[k;/ ,g;gog;gl;l bfhz;lJjhd;

mz;lk;/ gpug";rk; midj:Jk; fhj;jYf;Fk;/ cyf

MFk;. rpj;jh;fs; j';fspd; nahf ty;yikahy; gilg;g[f;Fk; mHptpw;Fk; cz;lhd fhuz fhhpa';fs; fz;L bjspe;J fhuz fhhpa';fs; vy;yhk; mqthf cs;sJ vd;W Twpdhh;fs;. caph;fSk;/ vy;yh mqf;fs; vy;yh vy;yh cyf';fSk;/

192

cyfpaw;bghUs;fspYk; ,Uf;fpwgoahy; v';Fk; mqf;fs;

epiwe;J cs;sd.

fz;qf;F vl;lhj Jfs;fs; cU gz;g[ Kjypa ,ay;g[fs; ,y;yhjd. nkw;bfhz;L jd; Jfs;fshf khWfpd;wd. ,j;Jfs;fs; Mw;wiy khj;jpiufs; vd;Dk; ,e;j gy jd;khj;jpiufs;

xd;WTo xU gukhqthfj; jpus;fpd;wd. btg;gKk; njhd;Wfpd;wd.

jd;khj;jpiufs; tpiutha;j; Jog;gjhy; xspa[k;/ bghUs;fspy; tpisa[k; ,uhrhad tpist[fisa[k; rpj;jh;fs; jd; bfhs;ifapy; tpsf;fpa[s;sdh;.

,Uf;fpy; ,Uf;fk; vz;zpyh nfho ,Uf;fpd;w \yj;Js; m';nf ,Uf;Fk; mUf;fDk; nrhkDk; Muoy; tPr cUf;fpa nuhkk; xsp tpLe;jhnd - jpUke;jpuk; 21
nkw;fz;l ghl;od; bghUs; nfhof;fzf;fhd mqf;fspy; mjd; \yj;Js;ns ,Uf;fpd;w

193

xspa[k;/ btg;gKk;/ mHy;fis tPRfpd;wd vd;W TWtijf; Twpdhh;. RHw;rpahy; totKld; fhzyhk;. bfhz;lit xspa[k;/ vd;W btg;gKk; rpj;jh;fs; mqj;jd;ik vd;gJ bghUs;. tl;l njhw;wk;

mz;lk; vd;whny Kl;il totk; vg;go g{kpahdJ jd;dpiy totk; bgw;Ws;snjh/ tpij

mnjnghy g{kpapy; gpwf;Fk; midj;Jk; tl;l cz;lhfpwJ/ Kisf;Fk;nghJ tl;l totk;/ gwit Kl;il tl;l totk;/ g{kpapy; tpGk; kiHj;Jsp tl;l totk;/ nahdpapy; fU tl;l totk;/ ,g;goahf njhw;wk; cz;lhtijf; fhzyhk;. ,g;goahf mz;lj;jpy; cs;s nfhlhd nfho nfhs;fs; mj;jida[k; tl;l totkhfnt tps';Ffpd;wd. ,tw;wpd; ,ay;g[fs; mjdjd; kpd;fhe;j <h;g;g[ miyfSf;nfw;g ntWghLfshy; fzf;fhd cz;lhd fzf;fpl vGr;rpapd; nfhof; bfhz;Ls;sJ. Koahj

ntWghLfis

,itfs; jk;nkhL jhKk;/ gpwpJkhf fye;J/

194

mqf;fshft[k;/ bghUshft[k; Mfpd;wd. ,g;gog;gl;l

mqj;jpushft[k;/

mqj;jpus;fspd;

fyitfs;

bfhz;lJjhd; $Ptuhrpfs;/ mz;lk;/ gpug";rk; midj:Jk; MFk;. rpj;jh;fs; ty;yikahy; fhj;jYf;Fk]/ cyfpd; j';fspd; nahf gilg;g[f;Fk;/

mHptpw;Fk; cz;lhd fhuz

fhhpa';fis fz;L bjspe;J fhuz fhhpa';fs; vy;yhk; mqthf cs;sJ vd;W Twpdhh;fs;. mqf;fs; vy;yh caph;fspSk;/ vy;yh cyf';fspSk;/ vy;yh cyfpaw; bghUs;fspYk; epiwe;j ,Uf;fpwgoahy; v';Fk; mqf;fs; jhd; epiwe;J cs;sd vd;W fz;ldh;.

195

11 ekatftlf
czh;jy; vd;w rpwg;ghw;wyhd mwpt[ Kjypy; mGj;jk;/ btg;g/ jl;g/ Vw;w jhH;t[/ ,tw;iw czh;thfg; bgWjy; bjhl';Ffpd;wJ. MFk;. ,e;j czh;it !;ghpr czh;t[ (m CW) czh;t[ ,e;j Xuwpt[ ,af;fKila $Ptnd jhtuj;jpypUe;njh (my;yJ) jhtuk; MFk;.

196

mjd; tpj;Jf;fspy; ,Ue;njh caphpaf;f tpiut[ mjpfkhfp/ Rita[zh;t[ To mjw;Fhpa fUtpahd tha; mikag; bgUFk;nghJ mJ <uwpt[ MfpwJ. ,e;j <uwpt[ caphpd';fsplk; caphpaf;f rf;jp tpiut[ bgw;W thrida[zh;thd fUtpahd \f;F ghpzhkkile;jhy; mJnt \twpthFk;. $PtdhFk; vWk;g[/ bry;/ ,tw;iwg; nghd;wit \d;wwpt[ $Ptd;fs;/ nkYk; xspa[zh; fUtpahd fz;njhd;w njhd;wpd. ehywpthft[k; ghk;g[ Kjypad xypa[zh;t[ fUtpahd fhJ vd;W ,j;jifa

fUtp njhd;w Ie;jwpt[ capuhft[k;/ kpUf';fs;/ gwitfs;/ Kjypad njhd;wpd. ghpzhk tsh;r;rpapd; bjhlh; epfH;r;rpapy; thy; cs;s FU';F njhd;wp/ gpd;g[ thy; ,y;yh Fu';F njhd;wp/ gpd; kdpjd; njhd;wpapUf;fyhk; vd mDkhdpf;f mjph;;r;rp/ FLk;gk; ,l';fspy; KofpwJ. bts;sj;jhy; ,e;j g{kpapy; ehl;L g{kp kdpj gy;ntW jl;gbtl;g gps[tfs;/ gutp mtw;why;

rpjwof;fg;gl;L me;je;j

197

mikg;g[f;fSf;nfw;g gdpapy; tHf;fk;/ thGk; gz;ghL/ v!;fpnkhf;fs; fyhr;rhuk;

fUg;gh;fs;/ nghd;W nghd;w

bts;isah;fs;/ Fl;ilah;fs;/ bel;ilah;fs;/ gyntWghLfSld; kdpj ,dk; njhd;wp gHf;fk;/ Kiwfshy; kj';fs; gythfg; gphpe;J/ cyf KGtJk; thH;e;J tUfpd;wdh; vd;gij mwpa

Dpsafjysof ekatftlf
czh;jy; vd;w rpwg;ghw;wyhd mwpt[ Kjypy; mGj;jk; btg;g jl;g Vw;w jhH;t[ ,tw;iw czh;thfg; bgWjypy; bjhl';Ffpd;wJ. ,e;j czh;t[ !;ghpr czh;t[ (m) CW czh;t[ MFk;. ,e;j Xuwpt[ ,af;fKila $Ptnd jhtuk; MFk;. jhtuj;jpypUe;njh (my;yJ) mjd; tpj;Jf;fspy; ,Ue;njh caphpaf;f tpiut[ mjpfkhfp/ Rita[zh;t[ To mjw;Fhpa fUtpahd tha; mikag; bgWk;nghJ mJ <uwpt[ MfpwJ. ,e;j

198

<uwpt[ caphpd';fsplk; caphpaf;f rf;jp tpiut[ bgw;W thrida[zh;thd fUtpahd \f;F ghpzhkkile;jhy; $Ptd;fs;/ nkYk; mJnt xspa[zht[ \twpthFk; fUtpahd

$PtdhFk.; vWk;g[/ bry;/ nghd;wit \d;wwpt[ fz;njhd;w ehywpt[ capuhd ghk;g[ Kjypad

njhd;wpd. xypa[zh;t[ fUtpahd fhJ vd;W fUtp njhd;w Ie;jwpt[ capuhd kpUf';fs; gwitfs; Kjypad njhd;wpd. ,j;jifa ghpzhk tsh;r;rpapd; bjhlh; epfH;r;rpapy; thy; cs;s Fu';F njhd;wp gpd;g[ thy; ,y;yh Fu';F njhd;wp/ gpd; kdpjd; njhd;wpapUf;fyhk; vd mDkhdpf;f KofpwJ. bts;sj;jhy; g{kp mjph;;r;rp/ gpst[fs;/ mtw;why; ,e;j kdpj FLk;gk; rpjwof;fg;gl;L g{kpapy; gy;ntW ,l';fspy; gutp me;je;j ehl;L jl;btl;g mikg;g[f;fSf;nfw;g gdpapy; thGk; v!;fpnkhf;fs; fUg;gh;fs;/ nghd;W bts;isah;fs;/ Fl;ilah;fs;/ bel;ilah;fs;/

199

gyntWghLfSld; kdpj ,dk; njhd;wp gHf;f tHf;fk; gz;ghL/ fyhr;rhuk;/ nghd;w Kiwfshy; kj';fs; gythfg; gphpe;J/ cyf KGtJk; thH;e;J tUfpd;wdh; vd;gij mwpa ntz;Lk;. Ie;JbghUl;fSk; Mf;Fk; fl;lj;jpy; jP g{kpia czlhf;FfpwJ (vhpkiyf;FHk;g[). vhpkiyf; FHk;g[ rhk;gy; g{rp cnyhfj;ij cz;lhf;FfpwJ (jhJg;bghUl;fs;). cnyhfk; ePiu cz;lhf; FfpwJ (Fsph;e;j ePh; cs;s lk;shpd; btspapy; ePh; Kj;Jf;fs);/ ePh; fhw;iw czlhf;fp ku';fisg; bgUf;Ffpd;wJ.

l;blf
mqf;fspy; bfhj;J ,af;f epfH;r;rpna J}y cly;/ mjD}nl gukhq epiyapy; CLUtp Xor;RHd;W bfhz;nl ,Ug;gJ caph;r;rf;jp. caph;r;rf;jpapd; Xl;lj;jpy; jila[z; lhdhy; mJnt czh;r;rpahfpwJ. me;j czh;r;rp xU

200

$Ptd;

jh';fpg;

gHFk;

mstpw;F

nkyhf

X';Fk;nghJ mJ ty;Yzh;r;rpahfp Jd;gkhfp nehahf tUfpwJ. ,e;j jil ePoj;J mjd; tpisthf clypy; kpd;rhuk;/ fhw;W/ ,uj;jk; Mfpa \d;W RHy;fSk; jilgLnkahdhy; clYf;F \ykhd tpj;J jh';Fk; mstpw;F nky; fdy; bfhz;L mjd; ehs';fisj; jfh;j;J btspnawptpLk;. czh;r;rp vd;w mwpnthLToa caph;rf;jp bjhlh;e;J me;j clypy; RHd;W ,a';fKoahky; cliy tpl;L btspnawptpLk;. cyfj;jpYs;s bghUl;fs; aht[k; kdpj ,dk; cl;gl xt;bthd;Wk; xt;bthU \yg;bghUshy; Mdit. tpjp/ fhw;W/ mit mHpa[k; nghJ VjhtJ xU ,jw;F ahUk; vita[k;/ tpyf;fy;y. Mfhak; Mfpait MFk;. ,e;j jdpg;bghUspy; nrh;e;JtpLk;. ,J ,aw;ifapd; ,e;j;jdpg;bghUl;fs; jhd; epyk;/ ePh;/ beUg;g[/ jdpg;bghUl;fs; jdpj;J ,a';fpdhYk; ,it xd;iw xd;W fl;Lg;gLj;jpathW cs;sd. fhw;W kz;iz ms;sp tPRk;/ kz; ePiuf;fl;Lk;

201

cwp";Rk;/

beUg;g[f;F

vjphp

ePh;/

beUg;g[

btw;wplj;ij Ml;bfhz;L tpLk;/ btw;wplnkh fhw;iw Ml;bfhz;L tpLk;/ ,Jnt ,aw;ifapy; mike;j rkepiyj; jj;JtkhFk;. ,it xd;iw xd;W kp";Rk;nghJ cyfpy; nguHpt[ Vw;gLk;. ,ij ehk; fz;Tlhff; fhz;fpnwhk;. kdpj clypYk; ,e;j Ie;J jdpg;bghUl;fs; (g{jk;) cs;sd. Md g";rg{jkhfpa ,t;t[lk;g[ kw;w Ie;J Kotpy; ehd;F gpd;dh; jdpg;bghUl;fshy; kz;nzhL jdpg;bghUl;fshy;

neuoahfnth

ce;jg;gl;nlh

kz;nzhL kz;zha; nrh;tJ jpz;zk;. njhy;kz;/ tha;-ePh;/ fz;-beUg;g[ tapW-btsp \f;Ffhw;W ,e;j Ie;J jdpg;bghUl;fSk; xd;iw xd;W fl:Lg;gLj;jp rkkkhf itj;jpUf;Fk;tiu ,e;j Ie;J mikjp epyt[tijf; fhzyhk;. thGk; thH;f;if brhh;f;fkhFk;.

jdpg;bghUl;fSk; xU fl;Lg;ghl;oy; ,Ue;jhy;

202

hstiak wnts
ekiaks ekiafjyf eikLkuf mlpkfekaaf FtspLxpak wha:yf VofT DbfG. FKkaof wigfgwiys. Fnfk wigfgwiysjfJhf whpaf kaof h;lf WofT wmaufUiK. Snfk wigfgwiys ;jmspkfdk L{iKlf FtsiK kaof Aks Fnfk isyjfjlf WofT wmaufuhGiK. Snfk wigfgwiysdp msiwh:laof Wojf rts Fiaf Lxdp FtsiktfJ hs;lfla Fofohgfms D:ilf wjabfG elUlf elUlf htnfkaaff WoIlf msiosof Fxdpjfjab is`fB hofts Fika;lf WGkfK jqe[ jqe[ wmoftaaf WoIlf S:i:lf FxdpPlf LxdpPlf jabLxpisufdu Woft jdk D:iajfjhfhgfgK. Fnfk wigfgwiyspsuf V: nstlf wkasnfkK. Fnfk nstkfkstfJ msi=hlf WofT whpaf dikfkoaf. wigfgwiyspsuf wkasnfk jagfms e<aks. FKei msiof. msiof WofhK wigfgwiyspsuf jaBlf e<aks. msiofkaof e<aks. e<akskaof msiof.

203

isyjfjsuf Wasjst wn:hfHjfJ Mgaf WofT whpaf. FkaiK Vyspsof ks;gfms nsdujfJ Mgaf WofT whpaf. Vyspsof hgafnfk nsdujfJ e<aks WofT whpaf. isyjfJkf ksaspsuf WasPlf wn:hfH Mgaf. Fdtpsuf Dyfy hs;jamel e<aks. mskfkafjyf wiys, Dmfms wiys, kos wiys, Ej wiys, Vys wiys, wiyspsuf wiys, h; wiys, Snfks; ]ao Vys, ]ao wiys, wh: wiys, Dpaf wiys, nakanfk wiys, eikanfk wiys, ha[f wiys, Lhfhayf wiys, Lktf ha[f, mskfks;jfrglf, lbslbfghlf Wohf whpasgfgaaf. Akspseu wigfgwiyspseu ekaoftsp hstjamel e<aks WofT Fd[jfjhfhgfgK. Fdkepkaof Sdtioaj mskfkafjyf i[shGjstaafjyf. wigfgwiyspao e<aksdpkfkaof FdokfK mskfkafjYlf ib_fjsoaafjyf. wigfgwiyspao e<aksdpkfkaof FdokfK mskfkafjYlf ehatftsoaafjyf. iyfyua:lf Fek e<aksdpkfkaof F:gfwh:]fe<aks koshfwh:_fj:dbWofT ib_fjsoaafjyf.

204

wigfgwiyskaof e<aks. e<akskaof wigfgwiys. Fdkkaof iad[px iad[paj infk FdokfK mskfkafjYlf ib_fjsoaafjyf. losk Dglfhsuf S:jfJlf Dpsaf Lptfmskfkauf wigfgwiyskf ks:ixdp Fdgpualf. loskof lgfGel l;blsuu f a wh:ia[fdi Fdgp LxPlf. losk FtsIjfJkfkaof Fkfkdjp ljkfkao Atftuf DyfyK. Dguf FBisof AtftuaoK Dpsasof cu FBisof Dbfdl FtsnfK FK eh;bfgkfksuf isy_fJjsoft FBisof wkagafhsof culf cu FBdi FtsPlf ehaK Sdtpsof Atftuf Db; LxPlf. kofOdgp Dgusof Dpsafmjfks wjabfG kofOdgp Aofl Vys Atftuf AoflmjfkspaoK Fbffg wiyspsof Vys AtfteuaG SdbnfK S:jfjsoft wkagafdh FtsiKei ]aolaJlf. eh;atftuf lsjfj Fbfgwiyspsuf Fg_fjsPyfy FdokfK AtftduPlf FtsnfK DbafnfK

205

wkysnfK kofOdgp Dgdu eikspspuf latftlf wmpfK wigfgwiysepaG wiyspajjf junfK S:hfhaafjyf mskfkafjyf. wigfgwiyskaof Lxnfk wlpfhfwha:yf. wigfgwiyskaof Lxnfk Dbfdlhffwha:yf WofT jbfG wkysnfkiafjyf mskfkafjyf. Akspajsp cu Atftdu FtsnfK FekaG wigfgwiyspseu junfK S:jfjjfrxp ;jmsplf wlpfhfwha:yf Dbfdl wha:yf FtsnfkiOjfJ WKIlf ekdipsufdu. Fkseu S:jfjsoft ehasofhkfkstfJ QG Sdb WKIlf Sufdu.

206

12 SofHtfT ia[ Dguf nulf ehBkuf

caph;r;rf;jp clypy; xG';fhf cly; Xof;bfhz;oUg;gnj ,d;g czh;thFk;. eykhFk;. mijg; ghJfhf;f czt[/ ciHg;g[/ cwf;fk;/ Mz;-bgz; cwt[ vz;zk; ,e;j Ie;J mk;r';fspy; bjhlh;e;J ftdk; nrYj;j

207

ntz;Lk;. caph;

,it

mstpw;F

mjpfkhdhYk; neha;fs;

Fiwe;jhYk; Kiw jtwp bfhs;sg;bgw;whYk; rf;jp Xl;lk; ghjpf;fg;gLk;/ cz;lhFk;. thuj;jpw;F xUKiwahtJ ,utpy; czt[

cl;bfhs;shky; ,nyrhf gHtif cz;nlh my;yJ rpwpJ ghy; mUe;jpnah cw';FtJ neha;fis xU mstpy; jLf;f cjt[k;. cly; $Puzpf;fj;jf;f mst[ czt[ cz;lhy; mJ ed;ikahFk;. mst[f;F kPwpdhy; ,e;j czt[ cliy bra;if/ $Puzpf;Fk;/ nfhs;fspd; fUtikg;g[ r";rhuj;jpy; vz;zk;/ mika[k;

epiy/ re;jh;g;g nkhjy;/ Mfpa fhuz';fshy; clypy; ,urhad ntWghLfs; cz;lhfpd;wd. ,j;jifa ntWghLfshy; clypy; cs;s mq \yf';fs; mjw;F Vw;g tpiutpy; ntWgLk;. mjd; gadhf clypy; mtw;wpd; tpfpjhr;rhu';fs; Tlnth/ Fiwanth ,lKz;L.

208

,f;fhuz';fshy; Mfpa ehd;Fk;

clypy; mtw;wpd;

RHd;nwhof; tpiutpy; Vw;w

bfhz;oUf;Fk; fhe;jk;/ kpd;rhuk;/ fhw;W ,uj;jk; jhH;t[fisg; bgWk;. tpiuthf xt;bthU

mta';f~nla[k; CLUtpr;bry;Yk; mtw;wpd; Xl;lj;jpy; jila[k; cz;lhFk;. ,e;j jil nehahf czug;gLfpwJ. mtatj;jpy; ve;j mstpd; bgaUk;/ ,aw;ifahf gj;jpak; mjw;F clypy; Xa;t[ fhyKk; ve;j

rf;jp Xl;lj;jpy; eph;zapf;fg; xj;j

jilgLfpwnjh/ mjw;F Vw;g nehapd; tYt[k;/ bgWfpd;wd. neha;fis ePf;fpf;bfhs;Sk; rf;jp mike;Js;sJ. vLj;Jf; fhj;J bfhz;lhy;

neha;fs; kpft[k; tpiuthfj; jPh;e;JtpLk;. neha; fodkhf ,Ue;jhy; jf;f kUe;J tiffis cgnahfpf;fyhk;. nehaw;w clypy;jhd; mwpt[k; jpwd;gl ntiybra;a[k;. mDgtpf;f nehaw;W Koa[k;/ thH ,aw;if ,d;g';fis vdnt xt;bthUtUk; xGfpthH epd;W

tHpfz;L

209

ntz;Lk;. neha;fs;

kdj;J}a;ik/ xG';fhd czt[/ ,y;yh cly; eyj;njhL ,Uf;f

msthd ciHg;g[ ,tw;Wld; Toa thH;f;if cjt[k;. bghwhik/ rpdk;/ t";rfk;/ ftiy/ fhk vz;z';fs;/ ,it cly; fhe;j rf;jpapid mst[f;F tplyhk;. kPwp mHpj;JtpLk;. ,e;j jtj;jhYk; khw;wp Kaw;rp Muha;r;rpahYk; czh;r;rpfis md;g[

czh;e;njhnu

bra;a[';fs; btw;wp epr;rak;. czt[ cz;lt[ld; mjpf Xl;lk;/ rthhp/ fod ciHg;g[ Mz;-bgz; clYwt[ ,it TlhJ. mLj;jLj;J nehahfptpLk;. btspnaWk; ,r;bray;fspy; <LgLnthUf;F fHpthfp kPJ mit

tapw;Wg; g[z; cz;lhfptpLk;. mJ Fd;kk; vd;w clypypUe;J ve;jg;bghUSk; clypd;

j';fhky; ghh;j;Jf; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;.

clnd fpUkpfshf khWk; tha;g;g[ ,Uf;fpdwJ. xU ehisf;F xU KiwahtJ bte;ePhpnyh

210

jz;zPhpnyh cly;

Fspf;f

ntz;oaJ

mtrpak;. kpf

kyge;jk; m$Puzk; ,it Vw;glhky; ghJfhg;gJ eyj;ijg; ngqk; tHpfspy; Kf;fpakhdJ. mikg;g[jhd; nfhof;fzf;fhd cly; caph;rf;jp/ tpe;J ehjk; kdpj rpw;wiufs; totkhFk;. nrh;e;J

$Ptfhe;jk;/ kdk; ,it Ie;Jk; xUnru ,a';Fk;

mLf;fLf;fhf ,a';FtJ ,e;j cly;/ xt;bthU rpw;wiuf;Fk; ,Ug[wk; fhe;jf; fth;r;rp cz;L. cly; epiyj;jpUf;f ntz;Lkhdhy; mjpy; mike;Js;s rpw;wiufspd; vz;zpf;iff;Fk;/ gSt[f;Fk; Vw;w $Ptfhe;j mGj;jk; njit. $Ptfhe;jk; vd;gJ caph;r;rf;jp ,a';Ftjhy; vGk; miyahFk;. ,Ug;gjhy; ,Uf;Fk; xt;bthU caph;j;JfSk; tphpe;J bfhz;nl njhd;wpf; mGj;jk; ,Uf;Fk; jd;idj; jhnd kpftpiuthfr; Rw;wpf; bfhz;L mjpypUe;J miy/ Vw;g bjhlh;e;J $Ptfhe;j $Ptfhe;jk;

bfhz;oUf;Fk; Xh; clypy; cs;s caph;Jfspd; vz;zpf;iff;F epiybgWk;. nghjpa

211

tiuapy;jhd; clypYs;s rpw;wiufspd; mLf;F Fiyahky; epiyj;J ,Uf;Fk;. ,uj;j Xl;lk;/ fhw;nwhl;lk;/ bts;s Xl;lk;/ ,k;\d;Wk; rpjwhJ xG';fhf Xo capUf;Fk;/ clYf;Fk; ,ilna cs;s Mw;wiy epiyf;fr; bra;a[k;. vdnt cliyj; jh';f $Ptfhe;jk; nghjpa mst[ njit/ khdhy; ehj $Pthfhe;jj;ijg; mjw;F jputj;jpd; ntz;oa bgUf;f ntz;L vz;zpf;ifa[s;s jd;ika[k; cliy

caph;j;Jfs;fs; njit. caph;j;Jfs;fs; tpe;J msita[k;/ jhd; bghWj;jJ. nghjpast[ tpe;J (Mz;tpe;J) ehjk; (bgz;tpe;J) ,Ue;jhy; elj;jg;nghJkhd $Ptfhe;j rf;jpia cw;gj;jp bra;a[k; mst[f;F clypy; caph; rf;jpj; Jfs;fs; epiyj;jpUf;Fk;. xG';fhd $Ptfhe;j mst[ rhpahf ,a';fpf; Kiwapy; ,Ue;jhy; jhd; gU clyhdJ rpw;wiufspd; ,af;fj;jhy; kdKk; rPuhf ey;y bfhz;oUf;Fk;.

212

,a';Fk;. gFjp

$Ptfhe;jj;jpd;

xU

gFjp \ykhf

cly; kd

rpw;wiufspd; \yk; clypaf;fkhft[k; kw;bwhU \isapd; rpw;wiufs; miyfshft[k; ,a';fpf; bfhz;oUf;Fk;. cly;/ tpe;J/ caph;rf;jp/ $Ptfhe;jk;/ cly; kd ,af;fk; vd;w bjhlhpid ed;whf kdjpy; gjpj;Jf; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;. ,e;j Ie;jpy; xd;W Fiw mg;go

,Ue;jhYk; ,af;f xG';F Fiye;jhYk;/ mJ kw;wtw;iw xt;bthd;whfg; ghjpf;Fk;. xd;Wf;bfhd;W Vw;gLk; ,af;fk; Kuz;ghl;ow;F Vw;g typ/ tpahjp/ kuzk;/ ,it rk;gtpf;Fk;. jdJ bray;fs; \ykhfnth/ btspg;g[w cly; nkhJjynyh/ nfhs;fspd; fhe;j miytPr;R \ykhfnth xUtUila $Ptfhe;jk; ,af;fk; ghjpf;fg;glyhk;. czt[/ cwf;fk;/ ciHg;g[/ clYwt[/ vz;zk; ,e;j Ie;J tifapy; myl;rpak; kpjkp";rpa cgnahfk;/ Kuz;gl;l cgnahfk;/ ,tw;why; cly; ,af;fk; ghjpf;fg;glyhk;. ,J jd;Dila

213

bray; \ykhf tUk; tpist[. jl;g btg;g Vw;w jhH:t[ kw;Wk; jw;bray; tpgj;Jf;fshy; Vw;gLk; FHg;g';fs; nfhs;fs; r";rhuj;jpy; xd;nwhL xd;W neh;gLjy;/ uhrpkhw;wk; Mfpa fhuz';fs; xt;bthUthpd; gpwe;jehs; nfhs; epiyf;F vw;g $Ptfhe;jk; Vw;w jhH:tiljy; ,g;go mndf mk;r';fshy; FHg;gk; tUk;. ve;j tpjj;jpy; cly; eyk; FHg;gk; mile;jhYk;/ jhnd mjidr; rhpgLj;jp cliy eykhf;fpf; bfhs;fpd;w ,aw;if Xust[ ,aw;if tpjp clypnyna xt;bthUtUf;Fk; epajp MFk;. mikejpUf;fpwJ. epajp mikj;j

,jnt FHg;gj;ij jh';fpf; bfhs;Sk; ,aw;if mstpw;Fk; nkyhf FHg;gk; kPwpdhy;jhd; mJ cly; ,af;fj;ijg; ghjpf;Fk;. ghjpg;g[ Vw;gLk; bghGJkdpjd; jd;Dila Kaw;rpapdhy;/ clw;gapw;rp/ kdg;gapw;rp/ czt[ Kiw \yk; cly; eyj;ijf; fhj;Jf; bfhs;syhk;.

214

13 epajlf
nahfj;jpw;F Kf;fpakhf gad;gLk; fUtpna kdkhFk;. ,e;j kdkhdJ kdR/ J}a;ikahf kUtw;w ,Uf;fntz;Lk;/ kdk; J}a;ikapy; ,Uf;Fk; nghJ/ bjspe;j ePhpy; ePhpd; mokl;lj;ijf; fhz;gJnghy/ bjspe;j kdj;jhy; cz;ikg; bghUl;fisf; fhz Koa[k;. me;j

215

kdj;ijg;

gz;gLj;Jk;

bewpna

nahfk;.

kdkhdJ mwpthfp/ Md;k czh;itg; bgw;W tpHpg;gpy; jd; \yk; eho xL';Fk;nghJ jd;id bka;bghUshfnt czh;e;J bfhs;fpd;w ,e;j KGik ngw;wpid miltjw;Fj; njit nahfk;; vd;w clw;gapw;rpna MFk;.

lokaoK Whfeha{Klf eidu wmpfK wjabfeg S:jfJlf. Snfk lodk, FkaiK FduhapfnfK wjabfx:jfJlf lodk, V: nsduhfhGkfKiK FufuK V: Sgkfksuf JispdikfKhf h[jfjhfhGkfKiK, Fhfhx JispdikfKhf h[Jiksuf culf lokstfJ whasp Atftuf DbfgajstK. J[nfdkjyf isdypaGlf ehaK hjuf en;kfksuf V: Jis wuofdm vasp wiysmfmkfksuf jagfx V: jajskkf ka[suf jagfg Fnfk jajsklf WasjstK. WasikafjfJ Wofo ja;blf Woftauf h;iuao vasp Vysdp Jis wuofM culf V: Sgkfksuf vasp Vysdp Jisdihfhkauf vasp Vys D`fblf Caf LjhfhgfG jajsklf WasjstK.

216

ekjfjsdijfjsoft nqaf ldg kstnfK isgfgauf Xd; F[skfKisGlf Atftuf whTlf. Fdgkfk jatfdt kstnfK isgfgauf F[sjfJlf eijlf whTlf. Fek ehau losk lokfdk V: Ljlaj Jisp dikfkauf eh;atftuf hstjfjstK. Ajei kspaokfksof culf lokfdkjf JispdikfKhf h[j eibfGlf.

Fgfga_fj epajlf
Sdt nsdu FdgiktfJ msu hx nsdujdy D:iajfjsPyfyaafjyf nlK mskfkafjyff. Fdkkfkaof Fgfga_fj epajlf Wofhaafjyf. Snfk Fgfga_fj epajkfdk hk]fmufus epaj Losiaf whasKlf iusPTkfksjf rTiaaf. wh:lfhauao mskfkafjyf Fdkep hsofhtfts Sdt nsdu Fdgnfkoaf.
Fgfga_fj epajLlf Aka;laTlf Fikfdk <nfKlf isge f fgtshf ehao wiuskoseu isphfwhaofT jbfegof igfgajsmf wmlflkshf haUtuf DbfG ljs[fnfks:jfj Wgfgak ehasofhlf Wofdo is{_fjs S:jfjsoftek - hgfxokfkaaf 25

eltfjbfg hagusof isyjfjlaiK: WgfGidj epajLlf, Aka;lf ATlf, Fikfdk <nfKlf

217

jgnfK wmofT mj|f;jalkfksuf FLklf DbfG ljs[fnfK ehasofhkfekaG S:jfjsetof WofT rTidkjf jabualf. Fgfga_fj epajlf WofhK htfts Fjkfkspaf rtsPyfydk jq[fi:lf haguf culf jabualf,
vyhfha eplwlaG enlnfkaOlf AmoLlf hs;abapllf hs;kfkspaja;lf jabga ka;dbPnf kspaolf dlnfka j:doPufu mlaKgeo WgfGlamfM
brst[[kpa rhfuk] 246

eltfjbfg hagusuf Spllf, nspllf, Amolf, hs;abapllf, hs;kfkspaja;lf, ka;db, kspaolf, mlaks Wofjst WgfGidjpao epaj wntsjdyjf rTjstaaf Fjkfkspaf. eltfjbfg WgfGidjpao hpstfmsjysof culf Dguf, naxjyf, Huofjyf, cdy, kJnfk ksgjakfks;lao Ae;ajfjspdkhf whtfT DguaoK eikspuf latftkfkauf Sdt nsdu Fdgpei WgfGidj epajkfdkmf maofetaafjyf rtsoaafjyf.

218

Spllf
nsufuhfha Fgfga_fjlf WgfGlamfM en;aj Splwloft hkfKjf ejY wmaufuhfha ugfmbkfdkmf wmaufUjsetof ejyf Mjlao n;ls:j hgfmswpofOlf isyfyhfha Dnfkosg MjKjfjlf ehauf eloffdlwht haafjfj F_fjsdm wpofhaafjyf nufuhfha mskfkaks wmaufUiK dlnfka nagfgLgof eika;ks wmaufUiK_f ejey
brst[[kpa rhfuk] 258

ltft Dpsaso_fjdy KofHTkfkaK wjaufuadl, Huauf Dbfbadl, ehaoft nufu Wbfb_fjyauf loksuf ltft Dpsafjyf hGlf Kofhlf nalf FdgPlf Kofhlf Wo Wbfbs FofH wmUkfk eibfGlf. whaKiaj Kzp Wbfb_fjyf Ddgp lokaj dikfks:hfhK Spllf WohfhGlf.

nspllf
wmhfHjsetof nsplidj hkfK ljfjayf msi msia kiemaG mnfekamnfkaof VhfHjsetof Atftsj]fmnf kaokfekaG Dgf msi ^dmepaG mskfkanfk ms;iblf

219

FhfHksetof msikfekaG msilkskaof dlnfka F:yfwh:Jlf is;kwloft idjkaof hkfKnf KhfH;iapfjf jbfgtsnfK msiepajkfdk Mjlaj idjPgeo ptsnK f hae;

brst[[kpa rhfuk] 249

kilf, w<hlf, FgjfjLdgdl, nG nsdudl, hJkfKbfbuf, ljs[fmfms, FofH, is;klf, makfiqj DbI DbfBkuf, j:dbjagfGkuf ehaoft nufu Wbfb_fjyaUlf wmpufjyaUlf kofdo ksoLlf hpstfms wmpfiskfKhf h[Jkeu nspllf WohfhGlf. Sdkep kaof iyfyuaaf Fiafjyf Snfksasp V{jfjlf, <qi V{jfjlf, j;b V{jfjlf WofT hsaskfK idjhfhGkfksjf jagfxoaaf. Snfksasp V{jfjlf WofhK ]aeonfksasplf, jafennfksaspkfkauf V{_fjaj ngjfj eibfGlf WofhK. <qi V{jfjlf WofhK <qi;amsjdykf KofHTkfkjf rgaK WofhkaJlf. j;b V{jfjlf WofhK lolf, Hkfks, mskfklf, Fj_fja;lf, ehaoftitftauf V{_fjaj S:jfj eibfGlf WofhkaJlf.

220

Amolf
mskfkafjyf jaGjyseu ki ia[fjfdj eltfwjayfUlf ehaK ls:j_fjyf, ^mfmsjyf ehaoft <qi;amsjdyhf haafkfK Amo_fjdyjf jbfGhsxkfkaafjyf. Dka;blaj halfhaoK idynfK idynfK Wnfk SGjfJjysUlf, mnfK whanfKjysUlf wmufUjsoft idyPlf kofdl S:jfjstK. Aoauf Fek halfhaoK Wksasdpkf kajfj hglf WGkfK nstfJlf ehaK en;aj isd;hfhaj nsofT Fhaslsklao hukfKgof isy_fJjstK. Fek ehauf losk DgduPlf halfdh ehauf idyPlf kofdldpPlf id;hfhao kofdldpPlf Dguf wh; eibfGwlofT epajamokfdkjf jbfG hsxkfkaafjyf. epajf Woftauf SdbhfhK Woft wha:Ulf VofT. <qiakfldi h;lakflaeiaG SdbhfhktfJ Snfk Amo_fjyf hpofhGjsofto. 84 ugfmlf <qi;amsjyf ekaoftsPyfyK Snfk Dujkfksuf Fkof Fxhfhdgpsuf ekaoftspKkaof 84 Amo_fjyaJlf. hufeiT Amo_fjyf S:nfjaUlf mskfkafjyf epajkfkstfJ

221

Ljfjsplao Amolaj rTjstaafjyf.

idjdpjf

FtsnfKha ;amo_fjyf VofhdkP_f ejY Fhfheo wmatftsu_feja LjkfkseoaG isasnfKhaaf hkflwlaG iq;lf dlnfka isdmpao ms_fjwlaG hkfks;Ldlnfka hasnfKhaaf LkfkwlaG lP;dlnfka hksiaj osoft Mjlf VofhkamfM iasnfK nsoft VofhdkPnf kofOgf jbfG idjPgeo Fgfga_fj epajlfhaet
brst[[kpa rhfuk] 250

ejaLjlf, hkfllf, iq;lf, ms_fjlf, hkfks;amolf, Lkfkamolf, l%;amolf, i<s;lf, Mjamolf Snfkidjpao Amo_fjdyep whasKlf iusPTkfksPyfyaafjyf. mskfkafjyf jaGjysuf ia{jsoft ehaK ldy hJkspsuf Ets St_fjsPlf kofOdgp hbsjdy kaeo wmpfikaUlf ltft Amo_fjdyhf htfts msthfhajjf rtisufdu. SofwoaofT Fhfhspamhf hpstfmsjfJ eltfjbfg 9 Amo_fjyf ehaKlaoK WofT LxI WGkfKjf rTjstaafjyf ehaUlf.

222

hs;abpallf
hs;abdo nsplhfhGkfKiK hs;abpallf WofT rtualf. SK Ndt Q;du iusdlhf hGkfKjsoft hpstfmspaJlf. hs;abof Woftaeu SK Vaf Dpsafmf mjfkspaJlf. hs;h]fm DtfhkfksjfJ cuja;blao Atftuf kaof nlK DguseuPlf wmpufhgfGjf wjabfG S:jfjsofto. hs;ab Atftuauf kaof Fbfg_fjyf, eh;bfg_fjyf, vaspofjyf, ejagfjyf FkfkdoPlf Sp_fJjstK. hs;abbf Wofjst DnfK mjfks Spjfjkfkauf kaof Snfkhf hs;h]fmlf Sp_fJjstK. Fek hs;abof cmfMjf jatftsof culf nlK Dgusuf Dpsafmf mjfkspaj wmpufhGjstK. Fkoauf maofetafjy,

Lmfmhfha wkpfi wlofT Lofeoaaf wmaofoaaf LosiafjUlf mskfkafjYlf Fdkkfkaof wmaofoaaf

WofT cmfdmep wkpfilf WofT wmaofoaafjyf. elUlf,
Etfts Stjfjs S:jaUlf ^asjfJlf jatfdt FtsPlf jbjfjtsiaasufdu

223

jatfdt FtsPlf jbjfjtsiay:jfJ rtfdt DdkjfJlf JtspsKiael

Wofjstaaf ks:cuaf. hs;abpalkfksof ljkfKikfdkPlf, ks:cuaf eltfjbfg haguf culf cmfMjf jatfdt EtftsPlf StjfjsPlf ^askfKlf hpstfms wmpfjsoft idjpsof jbjfJ pa:jfJlf wkasiksufdu, cmfMjf jatfdt Etfts StjfJlf idj wkasnfkiof kofOdgp madiep DdkfKkf kyfYiaof WofT rTjstaaf. hs;abpallf, cmfdm FgjfJkuf S;bfGjfJlf VtfTdlPbfG. wigfg wiyspao Fbfgkfksof Spjfj mjfksjdy FkOdgp Fdmdijf wjabfG nalf Ftsjsetalf. Snfk FdmIjysuf S:nfK hstnfkKkaof cmfMjf jatfT Spjfjlf. hs;h]fmlf Wofjst eh;bfgkfdk SpjfJjsoft hs;abof kaof nlfdlPlf Spjfjsjf wjabfG S:jfjsofto. Fkoauf Dgeo hpstfmspsof culf Fgjfjs Ayualf WofhK Spuak jaasplf. eh;bfgkfksuf Dyfy <qijanfk mjfks lsofjanfklf, <qijanfklf, Qafkfkuf, isGkuf

224

ehaoft hufeiT wmpufjyf hu ejaxjfjbjfjao FBjfjysof wjakfK nsj[fmfmspaj ndg whtfTjf wjabfG S:jfjsofto. Fek ehaofT eh;bfgkfksof rTjyf FkfkdoPlf nlK Dgusuf Ngfh mjfksjyaj wmpufhgfGjf wjabfx:jfjsofto. Vif wia: SpjfjLlf losk Dgusuf Fks Ngfhlajmf wmpufhGjsofto. losk Dgusuf h;isPyfy Sptfdjpsof Atftdu hpstfmspsof culf djpabfgiafjyf Sptfdj L{idkPlf AYjsoft Atftduhf whTjstaafjyf. Snfk hs;abpalel l;blsufuahf wh:ia[fI wht lsj lsj Ljfjsp Flfmlaj isy_fJjstK. Shfeha cmfMjf jatftaoK nlK Dgusuf Whfhx wmpufhGjstK Woffhdkhf haafhfehalf.

225

14 cmfMjfjatfTlf loskOlf
^lspaoK S;Ilf hjUlf lats lats Spjfjlf ndg whTjstK. Fkoauf kaof ^lspsuf Dyfy Huf, ^Gjyf, loskof, hs;abs, ^mfmsjuf FK Fkokof jgdldpmf wmpfK Dpsafia[fjsofto. Ajei ^lspsof <qi;amsjyf ia[fdjjfJ mnfks;of

226

Wofjst S;Ilf vaspof Wofjst hjUlf FkOdgp jksaf iqmfMjfjyf ^lsdpkf kajfJikauf FdokfK DpsafjYlf ia[fjsofto WofhK Ftsispuf aqkspao Dbfdl. ^ls kofOdgp Fmfmsus:nfK 21 1/2 ksjas mapflao MtfT igfglf Q;bfg M[tfms eijkfksUlf EkaiK V:xjsas enaf ejagfxuf infkauf kaof ^ls lqK ejayfjysof mjfks hksPlf. Fhfhx MtfTigfghf hadkpsuf Wnfk ejaysof mjfks ^lslqK jksjsteka FofT Fnfk js;jkfksuf whpaseuep ia;kfksof E{ nagfjyf.ejayao vaspof ^lslqK hksPlf nayf ]apsT, ejayao mnfks;of ^lslqK hksPlf nayf ks_fjyf, ejayao wmifiapf ^lslqK hksPlf nayf wmifiapf, ejayao Hkof ^lslqK hksPlf nayf Hkof, ejayao J: ^lslqK hksPlf nayf ispa[of, ejayao vjfjs;of ^lslqK hksPlf nayf wiyfys, ejayao mos ^lslqK hksPlf nayf mos. vaspjf JGlfhkfksof ejagfjyf ^lspsof enaf ejagfxuf jksPlf en;el Fnfkjf ejagfjysof whpaseuep ia; nagfjyf whpaf Dyfyo WofT haafkfekalf. Vifwia: naYlf Vifwia: ejagfjyf jksPlf. jkspaoK loskdoPlf

227

SpjfJjstK. Fkoaeu kaof epajsjyf Miamkfdk vasp Dkplf wkag_fJiktfJ 2 lbs en;kfkstfJ Lof Miamkfdk latfts wjaGkfK mas wmpfiaafjyf. Ldtpaj MiamlaoK jq[fjbfg ish;hfhx wkag_fj eibfGlf. Fgfgidb jqe[ wjaGjfjhfhgfGyfyK. hs;ks Flaiadm, hs;kdlPlf, hs;ks whyafbls, FGkfk naYlf jadu 4 Lkuf 6 id; iukfksuf VgeibfGlf. Dkfk;apblf jaulf FkaiK dk laklf Lkuf ekkspofT jadu 4 Lkuf 6 id; Sgjdu (mnfks; jdu) Cgfg eibfGlf. kgfmsbapblf jaulf FkaiK Ax Lkuf ekks jadu 4 Lkuf 6 id; hs_fjdu (vasp jdu) Cgfg eibfGlf. ispa[jfjs[dlpofT ia; Miam Vgfgkfdk hasemakdo wmpfPlf nayf. Ajei 4 Lkuf 6 lbs hasemaksjfj eibfGlf. iyafhsdt, hs;kdl, Kisksdp, ks:ksdp nagfjysuf Sgjdu DkskfK Cg eibfGlf. ekpfhsdt, hs;kdl, Kisksdp, ks:ksdp nagfjysuf vaspjdu DkskfK VgeibfGlf.

228

lbs lbs wmifiapf, wiyfys, ispa[of ispa[of Lkuf id; ]apsT Hkof, (iyafhsdt) (ekpfhsdt) ks_fjyf jadu 4 6 8 10 12 2 ladu 4 6 S;I 8 10 12 2 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12 2 4 iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK

mos

iuK iuK iuK iuK iuK iuK iuK iuK iuK iuK iuK iuK

229

jadu 4

iuK

SgK

SgK

iuK

iuK

eltfJtshfhsgfg Fgfgidohfhx cmfmaoK ]apsT, wmifiapf, mos, iuK namspsUlf, wyfys, ks_fjyf, Hkof SgK namspsUlf Vg eibfGlf. iyafhsdt ispa[jf js[dl SgK namspsUlf, ekpfhsdt ispa[jfjs[dl iuK namspsUlf Miamlf Vg eibfGlf. Snfk Vgfglf Fksjadu 4 Lkuf 6 lbsjfJuf Sp_fj eibfGlf. emakdo wmpfK haafjfj eibfxp en;Llf FKei.

230

Aka;lf 7

cmfmsof Wbfbsjfdj (luiapf) 600 6000 6000 6000 1000 1000 1000 21,600

WGkfKjf wjayfYlf en;lf lbs. nslsglf. isnax 0.40.00 6.40.00 6.40.00 6.40.00 1.06.40 1.06.40 1.06.40 24.00.00

cuaka;lf

Miaksgfgaolf (j: Dtfhkfks) lbs^;jlf Foajklf isMkfks Ajfd] mj|f;ja;lf (wkahfHyf) (Skplf) (j{kfK) (H:ilkfks) (kdu nG hJks)

vaspjf JGlfhkfksof 7 ejagfjyf ^ls lqK jksjsoft en;el ia;kfksof 7 nagfjyf whpaf vgfghfhgfgo. Fek ehau vaspOlf

231

mnfks;Olf wigfhjfejaYlf kgfhjfejaYlaj lbsk Dgusuf jkskfK cmfMjf jatftaj wmpufhGjsofto. vMaspOlf mnfks;Olf loskof lqK jksafjyf jksiksof ja;blaj kgfhjf ejausof AtftUlf wihfhjf ejausof AtftUlf 12 lbs en;kfkstfJ V: Ldt, S;Ilf hjUlf kgfhLlf wihfhLlf ^lspsuf jksjsteka, Fek ehaofT 2 lbs en;kfkstfJ V: Ldt losk namspsuf, iuK cjfjsuf wihfhjfjatfTlf, SgK cjfjsuf kgfhjf jatfTlf Sp_fjs DgUjfJyf S:jfJlf FBjf rTjYjfJ Dpsaf mjfksdp FysjfjstK. jq[fjbfg ish;hfhx cmfMjf jatfT nlK Dgusuf 24 lbs en;lf wmpufhgfGjf wjabfx:jfjstK. eltfjbfg ish;hfhx Vifwia: Aka;_fjusUlf 24 lbs en;kfkstfJ m;amas 21,600 cMfM loskOjfJ wmpufhGjstK. vasp Dkp jau en;lajsp Fksjadupsuf Mlaaf 6 lbs Fyisuf Miam Dkplf jbjfjsghfhGjstK. Miamlf Hkof js[dl lbf kkfKikfksuf DksjfJlf, ]apstfTjs[dl nqaf kkfKikfksuf DksjfJlf, mos, ks_fjyf js[dl Fjfos kkfKikfksuf DksjfJlf, ispa[of, wmifiapf js[dl iaP kkfKikfksuf

232

DksjfJlf, wiyfys js[dl Ajap kkfKikfksuf DksjfJlf. Shfhx Dksjfjsoft Snfk MiamlaoK 2 lbs wn;kfkstfJ V:dl iuK nams SgK nams S;bfxUlf lats lats VGlf. Fnfk 2 lbs en;kfksuf Miamlf Vifwia: kkfKikfksuf Whfhx Sp_fJjstK Wofhdkhf haafhfehalf.
js[dl
Hkof lbfbsuf lbf lbfbsuf nqasuf lbfbsuf wn:hfhsuf lbfbsuf iaP lbfbsuf Ajaplf nqasuf nqaf nqasuf wm:hfH nqasuf jatfT nqasuf Ajaplf nqasuf lbff

nslsglf. isnax
10.48 09.00 07.12 05.24 03.36 36.00 07.30 06.00 04.30 03.00 09.00

nslsglf

36.00

]apsT

233

mos, ks_fjyf

wn:hfhsuf wn:hfH wn:hfhsuf jatfT wn:hfhsuf Ajaplf wn:hfhsuf lbf wn:hfhsuf nqaf iaPisuf iaP iaPisuf Ajaplf iaPisuf lbf iaPisuf nqaf iaPisuf wn:hfH

wmifiapf, ispa[of

30.00 04.48 03.36 02.24 07.12 06.00 24.00 02.42 01.48 05.24 04.30 03.36 18.00

30.00

24.00

18.00

js[dl
wiyfys Ajapkfksuf Ajaplf Ajapkfksuf lbf Ajapkfksuf nqaf

nslsglf. isnax
01.12 03.36 03.00

nslsglf

234

Ajapkfksuf wm:hfH Ajapkfksuf iaP

02.24 01.48 12.00

12.00 120.00

eltfjbfg ish;hfhx 2 lbs en;kfksuf Vifwia: js[dljysuf eltf rtsphx Fnfknfkkf kkfKikfksuf wkag_fjs Vifwia: FBjf rTjysUlf <qijanfk mjfksdp lsys;mf wmpfjstK. MiamlaoK eltfjbfg ish;hfhx maspaj Spjfjlf ndg whtftauf kaof maq;lf Ae;ajfjsplaj S:jfJlf. Ajei epajsjYlf ]aosjYlf Miamkfdk jibskfK kojfJkf kaeo Miam Vgfgkfdk maspaj Vgfgjf jtfTjf wjabfgafjyf. 2 lbs en;kfksuf lats lats ndgwhTlf MiamlaoK 2 lbs en;kfksTfJyf h]fm^kkf kkfKikfksuf wmpufhGlf jau en;kfdk mskfkafjyf Wkfkdo Kufusplajjf jbjfjsgfGyfyaafjyf Wofhdk WbfBlf ehaK Fiafjyf ljkfKilf FyisgfGjf rt LxpakK WofT wkasjstK.

235

]aosjYlf mskfkafjYlf djpsuf Caf kbfglf dikfks:hfhaafjyf. FkaiK dj Sgjfjao jsmfMhfhJkspsuf dikfKjf wjabfG DgfjaafnfK S:hfhaafjyf. Fnfk kbfgkfkstfJ whpaf iamsjfejauf WofhK. MiamlaoK Cg eibfxp kkfKikfksuf Cgisufdu Woftauf Miamkfdk maspao cjfJkf Kia;kfksuf Cgdihfhktfjaj hpofhGkfKlf ejauaJlf. ejagfjysof m]ffma;kfkstfJ Etfh losk Dguf Sp_fKjstK WofT FtsnfK FktfJ Etftatf ehauf klfLdg Dgdu Whfhx haKjajfj eibfGlf WofT Ftsispuf aqkspaj wmaofoaafjyf mskfkafjyf. kiataj Miamlf VGikauf DbfgaJlf isdyI
1 2 3 4 ]apstfT js[dl SgK namspsuf Miamlf Vxoauf ks_fjgf js[dl iuk namspsuf Miamlf Vxoauf wmifiapff js[dl SgK namspsuf Miamlf Vxoauf Hkof js[dl iuK namspsuf mys, S:luf DbfgaJlf mys, MtftkfkaafjfJ ejG DbfgaJlf M;lf, iqbf mbfdg, maI Lkusp DbfgaJlf kduius, kq_fJjyff

236

Miamlf Vxoauf 5 6 7 iyafhsdt ispa[jf js[dl SgK namspsuf Miamlf Vxoauf wiyfys js[dl iuK namspsuf Miamlf Vxoauf mosjf js[dl SgK namspsuf Miamlf Vxoauf

DbfgaJlf ekjenapf DbfgaJlf jbf, jaK enapf DbfgaJlf <bfbs DbfgaJlf

wmifiapf, mos, ]apsT cofTlf wihfh ejagfjyf. wihfh Aksjfjlf Fyfys iqms Dgdu SpjfJjsoftK. FkOdgp Spjfjkfkstf ejtfthfhx jadu 4 lbsjfJ iuK namspsuf wihfhlao cmfMjf jatfT ngjfJlf. laThgfG ngjfJlaoauf eltfjbfg isdyIjyf EtfhGlf. Fekehauf wiyfys, ks_fjyf, Hkof cofTlf kgfhjf ejagfjyf. kgfh Aksjfjlf ngjfJlf nayf Wofhkauf SgK namspsuf Spufhajei ngjfJlf. lats ngnfkauf latftsjf wjayfy eibfGlf WofT rtsoaf. Fek ehau iyafhsdt ispa[osuf kgfhlf SgK namspsUlf, ekpfhsdt ispa[osuf wihfhlf iuK

237

namspsUlf Miamlf ndg wht eibfGlf WofT rtsoaafjyf.

Miamlff
Xa;tpUf;Fk;nghJ xU kdpjd; epkplj;jpw;F 13 Kjy; 17 tiu Rthrpf;fpwhd;. tpisahLk;nghJ 80 kl';F tiu mjpfhpf;fpd;wJ. xU ehspy; ruhrhp 21/600 Kiw Rthrpf;fpnwhk;. ,J jhapd; thH;ehspy; 295.261 kp.yp msthFk;. Rthrk; Vw;gLfpwJ. tphpe;J cs;ns jpzwpg;nghd

tapw;wpy; gpwe;j mjph;r;rpapy; FHe;ijf;F Kjy; jirfs; RU';fp/ khh;g[ fhw;wGj;jk; thiaj; FiwfpwJ. jpwf;fpwJ.

FHe;ij

fhw;W cs;ns tpiufpwJ. Rthrpj;J Muk;gpf;fpwJ. \r;RtpLk; tsh;r;rp

FHe;ij Kjy; nghuhl;l RHw;rp xUthpd;

\r;ir tplj;bjhl';fp epkplj;jpw;F 60 jlit mile;j

Rthrg;igfspd; cs; mst[

93. ,J kdpj

clk;gpd; btspg;gug;gpd; 40 kl';fhFk;.

238

kdpj clk;gpy; fy;yPuypd; gzpfs; kpft[k; rpwg;ghdJ. fy;yPuk; Rkhh; 1/000 tpjtpjkhd gzpfis nkw;bfhs;fpwJ. clk;ig ey;y epiyapy; itj;jpUg;gJ/ ,uj;jk; ciuahky; ghJfhg;gJ/ tp#j;ij Kwpg;gJ nghd;wit ,jd; Kf;fpa gzpfs;. cly; cwg;g[fspy; fy;yPuy; kl;Lnk jd;id kPz;Lk; g[Jg;gpj;Jf; bfhs;Sk; jpwd; cilaJ. 3-y; 2 gfjp fy;yPuy; vLf;fg;gl;L tpl;lhYk; Tl mJ kPz;Lk; giHa epiyf;nf tsh;e;JtpLk;. thapy; bjhl';fp kyj;Jthuk; tiuahd 9.14 ePsks;s FHha;jhd; czit Ez;zpa Jqf;Ffshfg; ghpj;J FlYf;Fk;/ uj;jehs';fSf;Fk; clk;gpd; vila[s;s kpfg;bghpa mDg;g[fpwJ. cWg;ghd brd;W rj;Jf;fs; 1.36 fpnyh m';F

fy;yPuYf;Fr;

urhadg;bghUshf khw;wg;gl;L njitg;gLk;nghJ gad;gl nrkpj;J itf;fpwJ. o.vd;.V. Fnuhnkh!hkpd; FHe;ij Kf;fpa gFjp

bgw;nwhhplkpUe;J

kugqtHp

brYj;jg;gLk; ghuk;ghpaj; jfty; ,jd; \ynk

239

bry;Yfpd;wd. clk;gpd; xt;bthU bry;ypYk; Rkhh; 2 kPl;lh; mst[s;s o.vd;.V RUl;lg;gl;L 10 ikf;nuh tpLfpwJ. o.vd;.V. ehd;F mog;gilfs; bfhz;lJ/
U (GUANINE, ADENINE, CYSTOSINE, THYMINE) G, A, C, T,

kPl;lh;

mst[fSf;F

mlf;fg;gl;L

,iy

,ul;il kog;ghf mike;jpUf;Fk;. ePsKs;s rpWFlYk;/ nrh;e:J 6 kPl;lh; bgU';FlYk; 9.26

6.096 kPl;lh; ePsKs;s ,lj;ij

r.kP

Mf;fpukpj;Js;sJ. clypd; rUkj;jpd; 5 kl';F ,J Fly;fs; 70 Mz;Lfspy; 40.04 bkl;hpf; ld; czit brhpkhdj;jpw;fhf gjg;gLj;Jfpd;wd. vYk;g[fspd; bkhj;j vz;zpf;if 206. bjhil vYk;g[jhd; kpf ePskhdJ. fhjpd; fLg;gf;fk; ,Uf;Fk; ,izf;Fk; vYk;g[/ Rkhh; kpfr;rpwpa vYk;g[ vYk;ghFk;. 1/600 kpf fpnyh kdpj clypd;

tYikahdJ fqf;fhiya[k; KH';fhiya[k; viliaj;jh';Fk; rf;jp ,jw;F cz;L. clk;gpy; 639 jirfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd.

240

bkhj;j vilapy; mit 40. g[d;dif g[hpa[k; nghJ 17 jirfs; ,a';Ffpd;wd. nfhgg;gLk;nghJ 42 jirfs; ,a';Ffpd;wd. gpdgFjpapy; ,a';Fk; jir jhd; kpfg;bghpa jir. xU tpiug;ig behof;F 2/000 capuqf;fs; cw;gj;jp bra;fpwJ. xU bgz;zpd; fUg;igapy; mts; thH;ehspy; 400 Kl;ilfs;jhd; cw;gj;jp bra;g;gLfpwJ. jiyapy; Rkhh; (ruhrhp) kaph;fs; xU yl;rj;J

,Ugj;ije;jhapuk;

Kisf;fpd;wd.

jpdrhp 45 kaph;fs; tpGe;JtpLfpd;wd. xt;bthU kaph;fhYk; jdJ thH;ehspy; 9.14 kP cw;gj;jp bra;a[k; jpwd;bfhz;lJ. ruhrhp kdpjdpd; 1.85 r.kp.clk;ig \oapUf;fpwJ. 2.72 fpnyh vila[s;s njhy; ekJ fhJfs; 1/500 btntW

xypfisf; nfl;L czh;e;J bfhs;Sk; jpwd; bgw;wit. 72.418 fp.kP. beoa euk;g[fs; kzpf;F 360 fp.kP ntfj;jpy; bra;jpfis mDg;g[fpd;wd. kpf mjpfg;goahd ntfk; 532 fp.kP.

241

ehf;fpy; gj;jhapuj;jpw;Fk; nkw;gl;l czh;r;rp FkpH;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. thuk; njhWk; mit kdpjdpd; jk;ikg; g[Jg;gpj;Jf; bfhs;fpd;wd.

ehf;F Rkhh; 500 tpjkhd Ritfis czUk; jpwd; bfhz;lJ. 2/000 Kjy; 4/000 tiuapyhd kzj;ij \f;fhy; czu Koa[k;. Rkhh; 10/000 epw';fis gFj;jwpa[k; rf;jp bfhz;lJ. kdpjdpd; fz;fs; 1.68 fp.kP bjhiytpy; vhpe;J bfhz;oUf;Fk; xU bkGFth;j;jpiaf; ,jdhy; fhz Koa[k;. ,ikfs; fz;fis \o \o jpwf;Fk; neuj;ijf; fzf;fpl;lhy; xU ehspy; ehk; 30 tpdhofs; FUlh;fshf ,Uf;fpnwhk;. tapW ehbshd;Wf;F ,uz;L ypl;lh; iQl;nuh Fnshhph; mkpyj;ij cw;gj;jp bra;fpwJ. tapw;wpd; cl;gFjp Rthpy; xt;bthU epkplKk; Ie;J ,yl;rk; bry;fs; g[jpjhf cw;gj;jpahfp ,e;j mkpyk; tapw;Wr; Rtiu mHpj;J tplhjthW ghh;j;Jf; bfhs;fpd;wd. gue;Js;sJ kdpj njhy;. clypy; ruhrhp mjpfg;gug;gpy;

242

kdpjdpd; njhiy gug;gp itj;jhy; mJ 2 r.kP tUk;. \isapd; mog;gFjpapYs;s gpl;a{l;lhp Rugp kpf Kf;fpakhd cWg;g[/ tsh;r;rp/ ,jaKk; vLf;fhky; ,dtpUj;jp/ vd;lhf;hpd/ Rug;gpfspd; bray;ghL nghd;wtw;iw ,Jnt ftdpf;fpwJ. \j;jpug;igfSk; Xa;t[

ciHf;fpd;wd. lhd;rpy;/ mg;bgdof;!; ,uz;Lk; njitaw;w cWg;g[f;fs;. mit ,y;yhky; ve;j ghjpg;g[k; ,y;yhky; kdpjdhy; caph; thHKoa[k;. clk;g[f;F cldo rf;jpia tH';FtJ fy;yPuy;/ ,J fpisf;nfh$id mij nrkpj;J itj;Jf; rf;jp bfhz;L/ mspf;fpwJ. gy;ypd; vdhky; jhd; clk;gpd; kpff;fodkhf gFjp. jpdrhp ,uz;L ,yl;rk; bry;fs; gpwe;J mnj vz;zpf;ifapy; ,we;J nghfpd;wd. njhypd; nky; gFjp 15-30 ehl;fSf;F xU Kiw jd;idg; g[Jg;gpj;Jf; bfhs;fpwJ. kpf caukhd gFjpfspy; trpg;gth;fSf;F jhH;e;j gFjpapy; trpg;gth;fis tpl ,uz;L ypl;lh; ,uj;jk; FSnfhrhf khw;wp

243

mjpfkhf thFk;.

,Uf;Fk;.

caph;r;rf;jp

clypy;

xG';fhf Xof;bfhz;oUg;gnj

,d;g czh;

cly; eykhFk;. mijg; ghJfhf;f

czt[/ ciHg;g[/ cwf;fk;/ Mz;-bgz; cwt[/ vz;zk; ,e;j Ie;J mk;r';fspy; bjhlh;e;j ftdk; njit. ,it mstpw;F mjpfkhdhYk; Fiwe;jhYk; Kiw jtwp bfhs;sg;bgw;whYk; caph; czt[ cz;nlh cjt[k;. rf;jp/ Xl;lk; ghjpf;fg;gk;. ,nyrhfg; neha;fs; gHtif cz;lhFk;. thuj;jpw;F xUKiwahtJ ,utpy; cl;bfhs;shky; my;yJ rpwpJ ghy;mUe;jpnah

cw';FtJ neha;fis xU mstpy; jLf;f cly; $Puzpf;fj;jf;f mst[ czt[ cz;lhy; mJ ed;ikahFk;. mst[f;F kPwpdhy; ,e;j czt[ cliy $Puzpf;Fk;/ fUtikg;g[ vz;zk;/ mika[k; bra;if/ epiy/ nfhs;fspd; re;jh;g;g ,j;jifa r";rhuj;jpy; Mfpa nkhjy;/

fhuz';fshy; clypy; ,urhad ntWghLfs; cz;lhfpd;wd. ntWghLfshy;

244

clypy; cs;s mq \yf';fs; mjw;F Vw;g tpiutpy; ntWgLk;. ,lKz;L. mjd; gadhf clypy; clypy; mtw;wpd; tpfpjhr;rhu';fs; Tlnth/ Fiwanth ,f;fhuz';fshy; RHd;nwhof; bfhz;oUf;Fk; fhe;jk;/ kpd;rhuk;/ fhw;W ,uj;jk; Mfpa ehy;tifa[k; mtw;wpd; tpiutpy; Vw;w jhH;t[fisg; bgWk; tpiuthf xt;bthU mta';f~nla[k; CLUtpr;bry;Yk; mtw;wpd; Xl;lj;jpy; jila[k; cz;lhFk;. ,e;j jil nehahf czug;gLfpwJ. ve;j mtaj;jpy; ve;j mst[ ve;j rf;jp Xl;lj;jpy; jilgLfpwnjh/ mjw;F Vw;g nehapd; tYt[k;/ bgaUk;/ mjw;F clypy; Xa;t[ fhyKk; eph;zapf;fg; xj;j bgWfpd;wd. neha;fis ePf;fpf;bfhs;Sk; rf;jp ,aw;ifahd gj;jpak; mike;Js;sJ. vLj;Jf; fhj;J bfhz;lhy;

neha;fs; kpft[k; tpiuthfj; jPh;e;JtpLk;. neha; fodkhf ,Ue;jhy; jf;f kUe;J tiffis cgnahfpf;fyhk;. nehaw;w clypy;jhd; mwpt[k;/ jpwd;gl ntiybra;a[k;. ,aw;if ,d;g';fis

245

mDgtpf;f nehaw;w ntz;Lk;. neha;fs;

Koa[k;/ thH

vdnt

xt;bthUtUk; xGfpthH czt[/ ,Uf;f

tHpfz;L

epd;W xG';fhd

kdj;J}a;ik/ ,y;yh cly;

msthd ciHg;g[ ,tw;Wld; Toa thH;f;if eyj;njhL cjt[k;. bghwhik/ rpdk;/ t";rfk;/ ftiy/ fhk vz;z';fs;/ ,it cly; fhe;j rf;jpapid mst[f;F tplyhk;. kPw mHpj;JtpLk;. ,e;j jtj;jhYk; khw;wp Kaw;rp Muha;r;rpahYk; czh;r;rpfis md;g[

czh;e;njhiu

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246

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mike;Js;s rpw;wiufspd; vz;zpf;iff;Fk;/ gSt[f;Fk; Vw;w $Ptfhe;j mGj;jk; njit. $Ptfhe;jk; vd;gJ caph;r;rf;jp ,a';Ftjhy; vGk; miyahFk;. xt;bthU caph;j;JfSk; jd;idj; jhnd kpftpiuthfr; Rw;wpf; bfhz;L ,Ug;gjhy; ,Uf;Fk; mjpypUe;J miy/ Vw;gl nghjpa tphpe;J bfhz;nl njhd;wpf; mGj;jk; ,Uf;Fk; bjhlh;e;J $Ptfhe;j $Ptfhe;jk;

bfhz;oUf;Fk; Xh; clypy; cs;s caph;Jfspd; vz;zpf;ifF epiybgWk;.

247

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,k;\d;Wk; rpjwhJ xG';fhf Xo bra;a[k;.

capUf;Fk;

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clyhdJ rpw;wiufspd; xG';fhd ,af;fj;jhy; rPuhf ,a';fpf; bfhz;oUf;Fk;. kdKk; ey;y Kiwapy; ,a';Fk;. $Ptfhe;jj;jpd; xU gFjp

248

cly; rPw;wiufspd; \yk; clypaf;fkhft[k; kw;bwhU gFjp \dsapd; rpw;wiufs; \ykhf kdmiyfshft[k; ,a';fpf; bfhz;oUf;Fk;. cly;/ tpe;J/ caph;rf;jp/ $Ptfhe;jk;/ cly; kid ,af;fk; vd;w bjhlhpid ed;whf kdjpy; gjpj;Jf; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;. ,e;j Ie;jpy; xd;W Fiw ,Ue;jhYk; ,af;f xG';F Fiye;jhYk;/ mJ mg;go kw;wtw;iw xt;bthd;whfg; Vw;gLk; ghjpf;Fk;. ,af;fk; xd;Wf;bfhd;W jdJ

Kuz;ghl;ow;F Vw;g typ/ tpahjp/ kuzk;/ ,it rk;gtpf;Fk;. btspg;g[w bray;fs; \ykhfnth/ fhe;j nkhJjnyh/ nfhs;fspd;

miytPr;R \ykhfnth cd;Dila $Ptfhe;jk; cly; ,af;fk; ghjpf;fg;glyhk;. czt[/ cwf;fk;/ ciHg;g[/ clYwt[/ vz;zk; ,e;j Ie;J tifapy; myl;rpak; kpjkp";rpa cgnahfk;/ Kuz;ghlw;w cgnahfk;/ ,tw;why; cly; ,af;fk; ghjpf;fg;glyhk;. ,J jd;Dila bray; \ykhf tUk; tpist[. jl;g btg;g Vw;w jhH:t[ kw;Wk; jw;bray; tpgj;Jf;fshy; Vw;gLk;

249

Miamlf wmuI ish;lf Fog;g';fs;/

wiyswmufUlf DgfwmufUlf Miam Miamlf Miamlf is;plf nfhs;fs; r";rhuj;jpy; md;ik

nrik/ xd;nwhL xd;W neh;gLjy;/ uhrpkhw;wk; Mfpa fhuz';fs; xt;bthhpd; gpwe;jehs; nfhs; epiyf;F vw;g $Ptfhe;jk; Vw;w jhH:tiljy; ,g;go mndf mk;r';fshy; FHg;gk; tUk;. ve;j tpjj;jpy; cly; eyk; FHg;gk; mile;jhYk;/ jhnd mjidr; rhpgLj;jp cliy eykhf;fp bfhs;fpd;w ,aw;if tpahjp clypnyna xt;bthUtUf;Fk; Xust[ mike; jpUf;fpwJ. ,jid FHg;gj;ij jh';fpf; bfhs;Sk; ,aw;if epajp MFk;. ,aw;if epajp mikj;j mst[w;Fk; nkyhf FHg;gk; kPwpdhy;jhd; mJ cly; ,af;fj;ijg; ghjpf;Fk;. ghjpg;g[ Vw;gLk;bghGJ/ kdpjd; jd;Dila Kaw;rpapdhy; clw;gapw;rp/ kdg;gapw;rp/ czt[ Kiw \yk; cly ;eyj;ijf; fhj;Jf; bfhs;syhk;.

250

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

maka;blajhf ehMlfehaK wmatfwha[sI D;kfk ehmfM ngjfJlf ehaK jxo eidu mbfdgpsuf Dt_fJlf ehaK eijlapf CGlf ehaK lakafjysglf rGlf ehaK

12 16 20 24 36 48 56 64

8 8 10 12 24 30 28 24

4 8 10 12 12 18 28 40

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251

wkagafnfK wmpufhgfG SpjfJjstK.2

nlK

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2

V: F_fJulf WofhK 1 inch jfJ mllf

252

Ldt rGiK msthfH. wlKiaj Sosdlpajhf ehMiK, lsk ndg ehaoft h[jfj_fjdy EtfhGkfksjf wjayfy eibfGlf. nqaf, wn:hfH, jatfT, Ajaplf, ^ls Snfk h]fm^kkf kkfKilao losk Dgusuf Miamlf Wnfkkf kkfKikfksuf VGjstK Wofhdk Miamlf cjfjsuf VGidk dikfek wkasnfK wjayfyualf.eltfjbfg ish;hfhx 2 lbs

en;kfksuf Vifwia: js[dljysuf eltf rtsphx Fnfknfkkf kkfKikfksuf wkag_fjs Vifwia: FBjfrTjysUlf <qijanfk mjfksdp lsys;mf wmpfjsyK. MiamlaoK eltfjbfg ish;hfhx maspaj Spjfjlf ndg whtftauf kaof maq;lf Ae;ajfjsplaj S:jfJlf. Ajei epajsjYlf aosjYlf Miamkfdk jibskfK kojfJkf kaeo Miam Vgfgkfdk maspaj Vgfgjf jtfTjf wjabfhafjyf. 2 lbs en;kfksuf lats lats ndgwhTlf MiamlaoK 2 lbs em;kfksTfJyf hfm^kkf kkfKikfksuf wmpufhGlf jau en;kfdk mskfkafjyf Wkfkdo Kufusplajjf jbjfjsgfGyfyaafjyf Wofhdk WbfVlf ehaK Fiafjyf ljkfKilf FyisgfGjf rt LxpakK WofT wkasjstK. ]aosjYlf mskfkafjYlf djpsuf Caf kbfglf dikfksLhfhaafjyf. FkaiK dj

253

SFjfjao jsmfMhfhJkspsuf dikfKjf wjabfG DgfjaafnfK S:hfhaafjyf. Fnfk kbfgkfkstfJ whpaf iamsjfejauf WofhK. MiamlaoK Cg eibfxp kkfKikfksuf Cgisufdu Woftauf Miamkfdk maspao cjfJkf Kia;kfksuf Cgdihfhktfjaj hpofhGkfKlf ejauaJlf. ejagfjysof mfma;kfkstfJ Etfh losk Dguf Sp_fKjstK WofT FtsnfK FktfJ Etftatf ehauf mlfLdg Dhdu Whfhx haKjajfj eibfGlf WofT Ftsispuf aqkspaj wmaofoaafjyf mskfkafjyf.

254

vaspjf JGlfhkfksof ejagfjyf ^lspsof enaf ejagfxuf jksPlf en;el Fnfkjf ejagfjysof whpaseuep ia; nagfjyf whpaf Dyfyo WofT
lbs Lkuf lbs wmifiapf, wiyfys, ispa[of ispa[of mos id; ]apsT Hkof, (iyafhsdt) (ekpfhsdt) ks_fjyf iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK iuK iuK iuK iuK iuK iuK iuK iuK iuK iuK iuK iuK iuK
hs;ks Flaiadm, hs;kdlPlf, hs;ks whyafbls, FGkfk naYlf jadu 4 Lkuf 6 id; iukfksuf VgeibfGlf

ltft nagfjyf

jadu 6 4 6 8 10 12 2 8 10 12 2 4

ladu 6 4 6 S;I 8 10 12 2 8 10 12 2 4

jadu 6 4

255

haafkfekalf. Vifwia: naYlf Vifwia: ejagfjyf jksPlf jkspaoK loskdoPlf SpjfJjstK Fkoaeu kaof epajsjyf Miamkfdk vasp Dkplf wkag_fjiktfJ S;bfG lbs em;kfkstfJ Lof Miamkfdk latfts wjaGkfK mas wmpfiaafjyf. Ldtpaj MiamlaoK jq[fjbfgish;hfhx wkag_fjeibfGlf. Fgfgidb jqe[ wjaGjfjhfhgfGyfyK. 1. Dkfk;apblf jaulf FkaiK dk laklf Lkuf ekjspofT jadu 4 Lkuf 6 id; Sgjdu (mnfks; jdu) Cgfg eibfGlf. 2. kgfmsbapblf Ax Lkuf ekks jadu 4 Lkuf 6 id; hs_fjdu (vasp jdu) Cgfg eibfGlf. 3. ispa[jfjs[dlpofT ia; Miam Vhfhkfdk hasemakdo wmpfPlf nayf. Ajei 4 Lkuf 6 lbs hasemaksjfj eibfGlf. 4. iyafhsdt, hs;kdl, Kisksdp, ks:ksdp, Sgjdu DkskfK Cg eibfGlf. 5. ekpfhsdt, hs;kdl, Kisksdp, ks:ksdp jysuf vaspjdu DkskfK VgeibfGlf.

256

1 ]apstfT js[dl SgK namspsuf Miamlf Vxoauf 2 ks_fjgf js[dl iuk namspsuf Miamlf Vxoauf

mys, S:luf DbfgaJlf mys, MtftkfkaafjfJ ejG DbfgaJlf

3 wmifiapff js[dl SgK namspsuf Miamlf Vxoauf M;lf, iqbfmbfdg, maI Lkusp DbfgaJlf 4 Hkof js[dl iuK namspsuf Miamlf Vxoauf 5 iyafhsdt ispa[jf js[dl SgK namspsuf Miamlf Vxoauf 6 wiyfys js[dl iuk namspsuf Miamlf Vxoauf 7 mosjf js[dl SgK namspsuf Miamlf Vxoauf kduius, kq_fJjyff DbfgaJlf ekjenapf DbfgaJlf jbf, jaK enapf DbfgaJlf <bfbs DbfgaJlf

eltfjbfg Fgfgidopsofhx maljafjyf kofOdgp cmfdm Spjfjhf h[j eibfGlf. ejagfjysof jksafiqmfMjfJlf losk Dguf ApjfjkfkstfJlf cmfMjf jatftsof wkagafehaG Dgusuf wmpufhaGjyf ndgwhTjsofto. Ajei ejagfjysof jkskf kofdljfJ Etfh Miamkfdk Spjfjhf h[jsoiafjyf nqbfgjaulf Ae;ajfjsplaj ia[fiaafjyf. Sdijyf mskfkafjyf Ftsispuf aqkspajjf jbfGhsxkfk Dbfdljyf. eltfJtshfhsgfg Fgfgidohfhx cmfmaoK ]apsT, wmifiapf, mos, iuK nakspsUlf wyfys, ks_fjyf,

257

Hkof SgK namspsUlf Vg eibfGlf. iyafhsdt ispa[jf js[dl SgK namspsUlf ekpfhsdt ispa[jfjs[dl iuK namspsulf Miamlf Vg eibfGlf. Snfk Vgfglf Fksjadu 4 Lkuf 6.10 lbsjfJuf Sp_fj eibfGlf. emakdo wmpfK haafjfj eibfxp en;Llf FKei.kiataj Miamlf VGikauf DbfgaJlf isdyI wmifiapf, mos, ]apsT cofTlf wihfh Aksjfjlf Fyfys iqms Dgdu SpjfJjsoftK. FkOdgp Spjfjkfkstfejtfthfhx jadu 4 lbsjfJ iuK namspsuf wihfhlao cmfmjf jatfT ngjfJlf. laThgfG ngjfJlaoauf eltfjbfg isdyIjyf EtfhGlf. Fekehauf wiyfys, ks_fjyf, Hkof cofTlf kgfhjf ejagfjyf. kgfh Aksjfjlf ngjfJlf nayf Wofhkauf SgK namspsuf Spufhajei ngjfJlf. lats ngnfkauf lattsjf wjayfy eibfGlf WofT rtsoaf. Fek ehau iyafhsdt ispa[of kgfhlf SgK namspsUlf ekpfhsdt ispa[osuf wihfhlf iuK namspsUlf Miamlf ndg wht eibfGlf WofT rtsoaafjyf. loskof Miamsjfjsoft cmfM 12 F_fJulf nqgfmspajs 8 F_fjulf Dyfey wmofT 4 F_fJulf

258

is;plajstK. Ajei Miamkfdk is;plf wmpfpaluf S:hfhksof culf Dguf lgfGlf iusdl whTiKlgfGlufualuf FdokfK mskfKjfjYlf wmpfjsoft rGjsoft iufuhlf loskOjfJ DbfgajstK WofT jbfgtsnfkiafjyf mskfkafjyf. Miamlf Whfhx wmuiajstK Wofhdk jq[fjbfgiaT rtsPyfyoaf. eltfjbfg ish;hfhx MiamlaoK is;plf AjstK. Ajei kaof ia;kfkstfJ V: ldtepa S;bfG Ldtepa wmyo is;klf S:jfjsoftoaf. lakafjdyjf rGlf ehaK 15 nagfjYjfJ V: Ldt rGiK msthfH. wmKiaj Sosdlpajhf ehMiK lsk ndg ehaoft h[jfh_fjdy EtfhGkfksjf wjayfy eibfGlf. nqaf, wn:hfH, jatfT, Ajaplf, ^ls Snfk h]fm^kkf kkfKilao losk Dgusuf Miamlf Wnfkkf kkfKikfksuf VGjstK Wofhdk Miamlf cjfjsuf VGidk dikfek wkasnfK wjayfyualf. cjfJkf Kia;kfksof eltfhJksdpmf maafnfk Miamlf Cxoauf cjfjsof naofJ HtLlf jdunfK Fjfos

cjfJkf kbfcof Wksaf Htlaj Cxoauf jatfT Ajaplf

259

Cxoauf cjfjsof Miamlf en;ajmf wmoftauf cjfjsof Miamlf jq[ajmf wmoftauf lbf nqaf

lbf, nqaf kkfKilf Dujspuf isija;lf Wofhkauf FK Ktit SpUjfJ WGkfKjf wjayfyhfhg lagfgaK. Fjfos nufisdo kqisdo S;bfdgPlf ma:lf. ltftdi Wufualf Ktit Spuf

260

15 kspaolf
epajkfksuf kspaolf WohfhGiK E[aiK nsdupaJlf. Fgfga_fj epajlf Wofjst WgfGidjpao epajkfksuf AtaiK nsdu jgnfK E[aiK nsduep kspaolf AJlf. DbafIjfJlf S;kfk CgfgkfkstfJlf wn:_fjsp wkagafHbfG. Ajei S;bfGlf mq;aj dikfks:jfj eibfGlf. Foftaglf Dt_fjs

261

W{nfkK Lkuf S;I Dt_fJlf id; hufeiT mlfhi_fjdy, hs;mfmdojdy, ejah kah DbafIjdy loskof mnfksjfjstaof. Fiof mnfksjfjsoft Vifwia: wmpufhagfGjfJ Etfh Dbafiauf S;kfk Vgfglf laThgfG wmpufhGlf. DbafIlf, S;kfk CgfgLlf, S;bfgtjf junfK wmpuf hGjsofto WofT. S;kfk Cgfglf laThgfG wmpuf hGikauf Dgusuf huisdyIjyf EtfhGjsofto. nlK Dgusof Vifwia: FBjfjYjfJlf FBjfrgfgkfkstfJlf Mkfkjf jatfT Woft mkfK kaof Dps;atftdukf k:jstK. nalf MiamsjfJlf ehaK Miamjf jatfT S;kfkkfksuf junfK nlK Dgusof Wufua DThfHjfjYjfJlf FBkfks;yfjYjfJlf iusdldpjf wjaGjfjstK. laThgfg S;kfk Cgfglf ndg whTlaoauf Dgusof Dyf DThfHjYjfJ S;kfk Cgfglf maspao Ldtpsuf hapak hJks h{kdgnfK DhadkjYjfJ AyajstK. Snfk S;kfk Cgfglf masi; ndg whTiktfJ losk ia[fjfdjpsuf Vifwia:i:lf jadu, ladu kspaolf wmpfp eibfGlf WofT

262

maofeyaafjyf rTjsoftoaf. kspaolf wmpfPlf ehaK Wnfkisk DbafIlf Sufualuf S:jfjstwha{K Miamjf jatfT mq;aj Sp_fJjstK. Miamlf mq;aj Sp_fJikof culf Mkfkjf jatfT S;kfkkfksuf junfK Dgusof Dyf DThfHjfjYjfJ Vifwia: FBjf rTjYjfJlf FK Dpsaf Atftdukf k:jstK. Fkoauf Dguf Ae;ajfjsplf whTjstK. kspaokfksof culf lolaoK Atftduhf whTjstK. kspaolf wmpfPlf ehaK lolaoK Wnfkisk muoLlsufualuf H:ilkfks Wofjst Sgkfksuf JispdikfKhf h[Jjsetalf. lolf Jisikauf cdy Kzpfdlpajs eh;atftduhf whTkstK. Wnfk hs;mfmdopaoaUlf Wusksuf lolaoK isdg jbfGisGlf Atftuf FktfJ jsdgjfjstK. mstsK en;lf Dofoshfhaj jibsjfJlf ehaK lolf JisjstK. FK JisPlf kofdl nljfJ FtsPlf Atftdukfk:jstK. Ajei kspaolf WofhK Foftag ia[fjfdjpsuf ekdipao VofT. Snfk kspaokfdk Wnfk en;kfksuf wmpfiK? Wufeua:lf ejgfjsoft ejyfisep. en;lf jsdgkfk ehawkufualf wmpfpualf WoftaUlf,

263

Fksjadu vasp DkpkfkstfJ LofHlf, FkaiK 4 lbs Lkuf 6 lbsjfJ LofHlf, ladu 6 lbs Lkuf 8 lbs idt wmpfiK msthfhaJlf. Eof Fksjadu kspaolf wmpfp eibfGlf Woftauf S;I L{iKlf Dt_fjs Fksjadu vaspjf jksafjyf Hu:lf en;kfksuf Vemaof lbfgukfksus:nfK FtfHklao jatfT iqMlf. FK DgUjfJ Fyhfhasp Atftdujf wjaGjfJlf. Fkoauf kaof Fksjadu kspaolf wmpfP_fjyf WofT maofetafjyf rTjsoftoaf. Sdkep iyfyuaaf S;alus_fj Fxjyaaf rTlf ehaK FLkjf jatfT WofT rTiaaf. maofetafjyf rTlf ehaK,
mqafwhTlf Fnaks msiajlhfhxep enafwhT nskfp nspllf Haseiaaf jks;iof W{Lof jxdj <nfwko lkswht W{nfK lejmdo nsdokfek -nspl Fjiuf

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264

DkpkfkstfJ LofH 2 lbs wn;kfkstfJ LofH W{nfks:jfj eibfGlf WofhkaJlf. Fksjadu W{nfK kspaolf wmpfikayf Wofo hpof Woft ejyfisjfJ maofetafjyf rTikaiK
Hkfks FktfJhf wha:nfKlf wkysiysjfJlf Mkfk n;lfhsottf TzpfdlPTlf hskf wka[sPlf kaui[s iak hskfklf kkfk nsdu lofOlsks jadu is[shfhsof Jblf -hkaafkfk msnfkalbs

eltf jbfg hagusof isyjfjlaoK, Fksjadu W{nfK kspaolf wmpfikauf HkfkspaoK loekaG SdonfK wkysiao nsdu FdgPlf. Dgusof nax n;lfHjyf Wufualf maspao nsdu FdgnfK Kpfdl FdgPlf. iaklf, hskfklf, mseukfKl_fjyf maspao Ldtpsuf wmpufhGlf WofhkaJlf. hs;h]fmkfksuf Dyfy FdokfK AtftufjYlf Jisiksof culf eh;atftuaj lsusafjstK. kspaokfksuf S:idjpaoiafjyf DbfG. V:idjpsoaf Sufukfksus:nfK wjabfG kspaolf wmpfiaafjyf. ltfwta: idjpsoaf epajsjyf.

265

Snfk Sufutkfkaaf kspaokfkstfJlf epajspaf kspaokfkstfJlf Wofo eiThaG?

Sufutkfkaaf kspaolf wmpfiK Whfhx?

koshfhgfg Sgkfkseua, Fdtpseua mnfkxpsufuak Sgkfkseua hkflamoela, Mjamoela ehagfG FlafnfK S:jfdj kd;pseu Fl;aK, H;hfhudjpseua FufuK EkaiK wibfdlpao Kbsepa ehagfG Fkof lqK Dl; eibfGlf. FlafnfkIgof kojfJ ehakdo wmpfk J:di ib_fj eibfGlf. Sdtpatftdu ib_fj eibfGlf. laomqj i[shaG LxkfK S;bfG jbfjdyPlf H:ilkfkspsuf wmUkfks ltft Wbfb_fjyf kdg hgaluf H:I lkfkspsuf haafkfKhf haafkfK h[j eibfGlf. A;lfh nsdupsuf Dyfyiafjyf isyjfjsof Mgd;hf haafkfK H:ilkfkspsuf Fnfkmf Mgaf S:hfhkajhf hauskfK H:ilkfkspsuf lodkmf wmUkfkualf. SK V:idj. SofwoaofT nalf isGjsoft Miamkfksof lqK

266

jiolf wmUkfksjf wjabfG S:nfkaUlf Wbfb Fdujyf kdghGlf. Shfhx SdgisgaK ksoLlf h[jsjf wjabfG infkauf Wbfb Fdujyf kajfjaK wlufu wlufu isuJlf. Eof H:ilkfksdphf haafkfK kspaolf wmpfp eibfGlf? Snfk hs;h]fmlaoK kofospjfj M[tfms wjabfgK. kofospjfj M[tfmspsuf dlphfhJks Whfwha{Kel jq[f enajfjs QafjfJlf kofdl Sptfdjpajei S:jfjstK. Dka;blaj kbfbqaf M[Ujsoft ehaK M[usof dlphfhJks Dyf S{jfJlf kofdl wjabfgK Wofhdk Wufeua:lf Ftsiqafjuf. ^ls kofospjfj M[tfms wjabfgK. Fksuf hstnfk loskOlf M[ofT wjabfG S:jfjstaof. J[nfdk kapsof ipstftsus:nfK hstnfkKlf FK hs;h]fm Atftdu kofOdgp Dmfmnfkdupsof culf QafjfJlf. hstnfk J[nfdkpsof kduhJkspsuf FdokfK Sg_fjYlf wjgfxpaj iusdlpaj S:jfJlf ehaK Dmfmnfkdu hyfylajIlf ls:KiajIlf, KxhfhKlajIlf S:jfJlf. hs;h]fm Atftdu J[nfdkpsof Dmfmnfkdu QafjfJlf. kduhfhJkspao Dmfmnfkdu wjgfxhfhg

267

wjgfxhfhg cjfjsof culf Miamlf ndgwhtfT hs;h]fm Atftduhf whTlf. DmfmnfkdujfJlf luiapf S:jfJlf SgkfkstfJlf, Snfk S;bfGjfJlf Sdghfhgfg hJkspseu kaof losk Dgdu SpjfJjsoft Aka;jf mjfj;_fjyf Dyfyo. DmfmnfkdujfJlf cuaka;kfkstfJlf Sdgep Dyfy Aka;_fjyf Dgusof maspao nGdlpkfksuf S:jfJlf. ^lspaoK Whfhx ^lkfkspe;dj nGdlp Qafhauf M[Ujsofteka Fek ehau losk Dguf wmpuf haGjyf nGdlp Aka;mf mjfj;kfkauf wmpufhGjsofto. hs;h]fm Atftdu J[nfdkpaj S:jfJlf ehaK Dmfmnfkdu js;jsjfjstK. J[nfdk FK iyafnfkIgof MiamlaoK cjfJkf Kdypsuf jstjskfK Fek Dmfmnfkdu wmofT M[snfK Dguf L{jfj h;Ijsoft M{Ldo n;lfH culf wmpufhGjstK. M{Ldo Wofjst n;lfhaoK H:ilkfkspsuf S:jfjsoft ja;bkfkauf hs;h]fm Atftduhf wht M{Ldopsuf lodk dikfK kspaolf wmpfp eibfGlf WofT rTjsetalf. loK mskTlf ehaK js;jsjfjsoft hs;h]fm Atftuf

268

msktsisGlf Wofhkauf lolf msktaluf kspaolf wmpfp eibfGlf Wo itfHTkfKjsetalf.

KtI ia[fjfdj
J}a;ikahd thH;f;ifahy; mwpt[ tpsf;fk; bgw;W mwptpny KGik bgw;wgpd; mjd; \yk; Md;kh cyFf;F eyk;g[hpa Mh;tk; bfhz;L jd;id njLjy;/ kdpjFy fhg;ghw;Wjy; vd;fpw ed;ikf;nf mwpit mh;gzpj;Jf;bfhz;L ,y;ywj;ij tpl;L/ bghUs; cjhpj;js;sp mwpit/ jdJ cliy mwtHpapy; bjhz;Lf;nf gad;gLj;jp jd;Dila grpf;F gpwh; bfhLj;J thH;fpd;w thH;f;ifna Jwt[ thH;f;ifahFk;. rpwe;j Kiwapy; jd;Dila Mw;wiy gad;gLj;jp nrit bra;a tha;g;g[k;/ njita[k; ahfhky; ,Uf;Fkhdhy; clYf;F Md;kht[f;F me;jj; Md;kh Jwtwnk moik fUtpahff; kpfr;rpwe;jjhFk;.

cliy

bfhs;Sk; bjspe;j mwpt[ epiyna cz;ikahd

269

Jwt[ MFk;. Md;khthdJ bjspe;j mwptpny KGik bgw;w gpd; ,y;ywj;jpypUe;nj Jwt[ epiyapy; thHyhk;. ,d;W gyngh; ,y;ywf; flikfs; kwe;J/ mwk; gpwH;e;J/ nrhk;gy; nguhir ,tw;nwhL gpwh; bghUisf;bfhz;L thH;tJ Jwtwk; vd fUJfpd;wdh;. ,j;jifa ,Hp;e;j thH:itj; Jwtwk; vd;W jtwhff; Twp ek;gp ,d;W jhk; VkhWtnjhL vd;W gpwiua[k; Vkhw;wp; cyt[fpd;w fhl;rpiaa[k; mwptpd; fhqfpnwhk;. epiwt[ bgw;W

Jwtpfs;

btspnawpath;fspy;

bgUk;ghyhdth;fs;

Jwtwk; vd;why; vd;d vg;go ,Uf;f ntz;Lk; vd;fpw ,yf;fzk; bjhpe;J Jwt[ thH;f;iff;F tutpy;iy. mwpahik/ VH;ik/ ntiyapd;ik/ neha;/ nrhk;ngwpj;jdk;/ nguhir/ btWg;g[ FLk;gr; rz;il/ ,tw;why; ,y;ywj;ij tpl;L flik kwe;J btspnawpath;fns mjpfkhf cs;sdh;. NH;epiyf; ifjpfshfp btspnawp Jwt[ Vw;wth;fSk; cz;L. ,th;fspy; Vnjh xU

270

rpynu ey;y FUehjd; fpilf;fg;bgw;W

"hd

ngW bgw;wth;fs;/ kw;w bgUk;ghnyhu; thH;t[ ghHhfp Jd;g[w;W koe;jhh;fs; koe;J bfhz;Lk; ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;.

kspaokfksof Fimsplf is]f]ao enajfjsuf

Caf Dgusuf 60 Lkuf 70 ksasufuspof FOjfjyf DyfygjfjspK. m;amas 63 ksasufuspof WofT dikfKjf wjayfyualf. kapsof ipstftsuf cofT lakkfksuf 6.2 ksasufuspof FB Dtfhkfkspsus:jfJlf. Fhfwha{K Fnfkjf J[nfdkjfJ DbafI S:jfjaK. VofhK lakkfksuf J[nfdk L{iyaafmfms FdgnfkIgof L{dlpao loskOjfJbfgao 60 Lkuf 70 ksasufuspof FBjfjyf wjabfx:jfJlf

63 ksasufuspof WofhK Kufusplao jbjfJ

271

V: FB WofhK 60% Lkuf 90% kbfbq:lf ltfTlf 90 wiifeiT wha:gfjYlf emafnfK DyfygjfjspK. Vifwia: FBIlf kofdomf Mtfts V: haKjahfHjf jimlf Woft ehaafdijfJyf S:jfjstK. Fnfkjf jimlf Cytoplasm, Intra Cellular Fluid, ltfTlf Organ Cells Fdijyauf AokaJlf. SifiBjfjyf S;bfG idj, 1. wiyfdy FB, 2. msjhfH FB. Vifwia: FBIlf 40 Lkuf 90 mV janfk mjfks wjabfGyfyK. V: FBjfrasof 20 Lkuf 30 mV mjfks Jdtnfkauf Fnfk FBisuf ejofmaf ispaks i; iapfhfHbfG. 90 mV eluf rxoauf japfmuf, hu D`fb mlfhnfklao ispaksjyf i;ualf. Ajei nlK FBisof lsof mjfksdp mq;ao Ldypsuf wmpufhg dijfj epajamoLlf, kspaoLlf Softspdlpakkapf S:jfjstK.

272

FB
mq vd;why; Vnjh ,d;W tp";"hdpfs; fz;Lgpoj;jjy;y. Muhag;gl;lit. vd;nwh "hdpfshy; myrp mqf;fs; gw;wp itnrrpf rpj;jhe;jk; KGf;f KGf;f TWfpwJ. mitfs; me;j VLfs; ,d;W fhyj;jhy; mHpe;J tpl;ld. mq vd;gJ jj;Jt "hdj;jpy; Kot[f;F ,e;j Kothd xU cz;ikiaf; TWtJ.

gpug";rk; my;yJ cyfj;jpd; bjhlf;fj;jpd; mwpa Kaw;rpj;jhy; Kjypy; Koit ehk; bjhpe;J bfhs;s ntz;Lk;. Kot[ v';nfnah m';nfjhd; bjhlf;fKk; Muk;gkhFk;. bfhz;L mHptpida[k;/ epiyahd v';nfh Vwpdhy; btl;l mjd; btspapypUe;J xU E}y; bjhl';Fkhdhy; mjd; Koitg;goj;Jf; bjhlf;fj;ij gpug";rj;jpw;F mwpa \d;W fz;lhh;fs;. mwpayhk;. mst[ mJnghy Muk;gj;ija[k; nfhiyf;

xU th!;Jt[f;F mHpt[ vd;gJ ,jw;F nky; mHpf;f

gFjpfshfg; gphpj;jy;.

273

Koahj epiytiu mHpe;J bfhz;nlnghdhy; mqf;fspy; Koa[k;. ,t;thqf;fs;jhd; cyfpd; xLf;fk;. fhyj;jpw;F ,tw;wpypUe;Jjhd; cyfk; mq g{jpkhd;fs;/ Mfk \iy

cw;gj;jpahfpwJ. Mq bfhs;iffis ntj Kd;gpUe;j rhd;nwhh;fs; (fp.K.500) Mz;LfSf;F Kd;ng Twpa[s;sdh;. ,tw;iwbay;yhk; ekJ Ma;t[j;jpwdhdJ gpug";rj;jpd; E}y;fspy; fhzyhk;. jkpHwp"h;fs; rpj;jh;fs; KLf;fisbay;yhk; myrp Ma;t[f; fskhf;fp mjida[k; RUl;o jdJ Rfj;jpy; itj;Js;s rpj;jh;fs; mth;fisg; ghuhl;l ekf;F ehtpy;iy. g[yd;fis mz;l btd;W jd;Dila Th;ikahd mjd; Mw;wyhy; gphpf;f Koahj gukqtpy; ,Ue;J nguz;l';fs; njhd;wpaij mqj;jpwid Ma;e;jth;fs; mwpe;jth;fs;.

fjputd; xypapy; kpd;Dfpd;wd vd;why; mjw;F vd;d fhuzk;> thdtpy; Fsph;e;J mHfhf fhl;rp jUfpwJ vd;why; vd;d bghUs;> vd;W

274

Muha;e;jdh;. mjd; tpist[ rpd;d";rpW Jspfs; ,Ue;jhf bghUis filrpapy; Ma;e;jdh;. ntz;Lk; mjd; vd;W epiy fz;ldh;. gw;wp xU Jz;oj;Jf; bfhz;nl brd;why; rpj;jh;fs;

h;laB
Md;kht[k; mjd; Mw;wYk; vz;zpyh nfho mz;l';fs; njhd;Wtjw;F rpj;jh;fs; nguz;l';fs; \y fhuzkhf ,g;gpug";rk; tps';FtJ/ vd;W mog;gilahf ,Ug;gJ/ xU mqrf;jp. mijna "hdpfs; gukhq brhy;fpwhh;fs;. gukhq vd;gJ gphpf;f Koahj mq vd;gJ bghUs;. me;jg; gukhqnt gue;J tphpe;J ,af;fpf; gukhj;jkh Mw;wnyh ,af;f';fSf;Fk; fplf;fpd;w vd;wdh;. mz;l/ mnj nguz;l';fis mijna mqtpd; $Ptuhrpfspd; tps';Ftjhy; \y bfhz;oUf;fpd;wd. xt;bthU fhuzkhf

275

$Pthj;kh vd;wdh;. cs;sJ/ Mw;wiy/

Mfnt Md;kh vd;gJ mjd; kl;Lnk rf;jpia/ gy;ntW

msg;gwpa Mw;wy; kpf;fJ. me;j Mw;wy; ek;kplk; cUtkhw;wJ/ czh;e;jth;fs;

mw;g[j';fs; epfH;j;j Koa[k;.

ek;kplk; cs;s

kfj;Jtk; tha;e;j Mw;wy; kpf;f Md;khtpd; rf;jpia czh;e;J mij ekf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jpf; bfhs;tJjhd; Md;k"hdkhFk;. Mdhy; ek;kplk; cs;s Md;khtpd; Mw;wiyg; g[hpe;J bfhs;shky;/ ek;kplk; cs;s Mw;wiy vg;go btspf;bfhzh;tJ? my;yy;fSf;F vg;go ,af;FtJ? ,g;gog;gl;l vdj;bjhpe;J bfhs;shky; thH:f;ifapy; gytpj Mshfpnwhk;. my;yy;fspypUe;J tpLjiy bgw Kad;W btw;wp fz;lth;fs;jhd; "hdpfSk;/ rpj;jh;fSk;.

276

FB h;laB ltfTlf Dpsaf ekatftlf

Ie;J g{j';fs; xt;bthd;Wf;Fk; vl;L tpjkhd Fz';fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,jpy; Nl;rk Fz';fs; vd;fpw jd;khj;jpiu cz;L. mJnt rg;jk;/ !;ghprk;/ +gk;/ urk;/ fe;jk; vdg;gLk.; ,ijna Xir/ CW/ xsp/ Rit/ kzk; vd;Wk; TWthu;fs;. ,e;j vd;fpw Ik;g{j';fs; Mjpapy; vg;go njhd;wpa clypy; rptrf;jpapd; bjhHpy;g[hpfpd;wd vd;W Muha[k; nghJ gukhq jd;dpaf;f RHw;rpapdhy; mz;l nguz;l';fs; cUthapd vd;gJ bjupatUk;. ,e;jg;gukhq vd;gJ Vnjh ,d;W tp";"hdpfs; fz;Lgpoj;jjy;y. ,J vd;nwh "hdpfshy; myrp Muhag;gl;lit. mqf;fs; gw;wp itnrrpf me;j Kot[f;F rpj;jhe;jk; KGf;f KGf;f TWfpwJ. mq vd;gJ jj;Jt "hdj;jpy;

VLfs; ,d;W ,y;iy. fhyj;jhy; mHpe;J tpl;ld.

277

Kothd xU cz;ikiaf; TWtJ.

,e;j

gpug";rk; my;yJ cyfj;jpd; bjhlf;fj;jpid mwpa Kaw;rpj;jhy; Kjypy; Koit ehk; bjhpe;J bfhs;s ntz;Lk;. Kot[ v';nfnah m';nfjhd; bjhlf;fKk; Muk;gkhFk;. bfhz;L mHptpida[k;/ epiyahd v';nfh Vwpdhy; btl;l mjd; btspapypUe;J xU E}y; bjh';Fkhdhy; mjd; Koitg;gpoj;Jf; bjhlf;fj;ij gpug";rj;jpw;F mwpa \d;W fz;lhh;fs;. mwpayhk;. mst[ mJnghy Muk;gj;ija[k; nfhiyf;

xU t!;Jt[f;F mHpt[ vd;gJ ,jw;F nky; gphpf;f brd;W cyfpd; cyfk; jd;Dila Koa[k;. xLf;fk;. Th;ikahd

gFjpfshfg; gphpj;jy;. Kotpy; mqf;fspy;

Koahj epiytiu mHpj;Jf; bfhz;nlnghdhy; ,t;tqf;fs;jhd; ,tw;wpypUe;Jjhd; g[yd;fis btd;W

cw;gj;jpahfpwJ.

Mw;wyhy; gphpf;f Koahj gukqtpy; ,Ue;J

278

mz;l

nguz;l';fs;

njhd;wpaij

mjd;

mqj;jpwid Ma;e;jth;fs; mwpe;jth;fs;. fjputd; xypapy; kpd;Dfpd;wd vd;why; mjw;F vd;d fhuzk;/ thdtpy; Fsph;e;J mHfhf fhl;rp jUfpwJ vd;why; vd;d fhuzk;/ vd;W Muha;e;jdh;. bghUis filrpapy; Ma;e;jdh;.
mqtpy; mqtpid Mjpgpuhid mqtpy; mqtpid Mapuk; Twpl;L mqtpy; mqtpid mqf ty;yhh;f;F mqtpy; mqtpid mqfYkhnk - jpU\yh; mqitj; Jisj;J VH;fliy g[fl;o - xsitahh;

mjd;

tpist[ bfhz;nl gw;wp

rpd;d";rpW brd;why; rpj;jh;fs;

Jfs;fs; ,Ue;jhf ntz;Lk; vd;W fz;ldh;. xU Jz;oj;Jf; mjd; epiy

279

nkw;fz;l ghly; \yk; rpj;jh;fs; mqitg; gw;wp vd;nwh g{jpkhd;fs;/ Twpa[s;sij rhd;nwhh;fs; mwpayhk;. fp. K. Mq 500 bfhs;iffis ntj fhyj;jpw;F Kd;gpUe;j mE Mz;LfSf;F Kd;ng Twpa[s;sdh;. jkpHwp"h;fs; rpj;jh;fspd; ,tw;iw

bay;yhk; ekJ Mfk E}y;fspy; fhzyhk;. Ma;t[j;jpwdhdJ RUl;o jdJ gpug";rj;jpd; \iy KLf;Ffisbay;yhk; myrp Ma;t[f;fskhf;fp mjida[k; ff;fj;jpy; itj;Js;sdu;. rpj;jh;fs; mth;fisg; ghuhl;l ekf;F ehtpy;iy.