Honors Chemistry

Name: Cindy Lin Period 5 Date 4/Nov/2013

U n i t 3 : C h e m i c a l R e a c t i o n s

Single Replacement Reactions Lab

Purpose: The purpose of this activity is to determine which metals are most reactive and to create an order from most reactive to least reactive. Part I: Reactions with Aqueous Solutions Materials: Metals: Copper Lead Zinc Magnesium Silver Calcium

Solutions: Copper (II) sulfate Silver nitrate Lead (II) nitrate Zinc sulfate Magnesium nitrate

Procedures 1. Using a well plate and the chemical given, determine which reactions will occur between the metals and the solutions. 2. Add to each of the wells a small piece of the appropriate metal which has first been cleaned with sand paper. Note: Your teacher will provide the calcium when you are ready for it. 3. Create a data table to record your observations of before and after reactions. 4. Observe and record any evidence of a replacement reaction (i.e. a thin coating appears on the surface of the metal) occurring each of the test tubes. If no change is visible within five minutes, record this as no reaction 5. Copper Lead Zinc Magnesium Silver Zinc sulfate No reaction. No reaction. No reaction. Bubbling No reaction. (ZnSO4) Silver Nitrate Blue/green Shiny layer Shiny layer Bubbling No reaction. (AgNO3) layer forms on formed. formed. Solution color copper. change - blown Shiny. Lead Nitrate No reaction. No reaction. Color change Milky No reaction. (Pb(NO3)2) black precipitation Shiny crystalized. Magnesium No reaction. No reaction. No reaction. No reaction. No reaction. nitrate (Mg(NO3)2) Copper sulfate No reaction. Color change Color change Bubbling Solution color (CuSO4) grey/green black Black solid blue coming off. No reaction.

1. From Part I: Which of the metals gave (a) four reactions Magnesium. (b) three reactions Zinc. (c) two reactions Lead.

(d) one reactions Copper. (e) no reaction Silver.

Use the answers from above to list the five metals in order of decreasing reactivity. Magnesium, zinc, lead, copper, silver. 2. Write net ionic equations for all the reactions that occurred (highlighting the ones that were supposed to occur that you may not have observed) ZnSO4 (aq) + Mg(s) Zn (s) + MgSO4 (aq) Oxidized: Mg(s) Reduced: Zn(aq) CuSO4 (aq) + Pb(s) PbSO4(aq) + Cu (s) Oxidized: Pb(s) Reduced: Cu(aq) AgNO3 (aq) + Pb(s) PbNO3 (aq) + Ag (s) Oxidized: Pb(s) Reduced: Ag(aq) CuSO4 (aq) + Mg(s) MgSO4(aq) + Cu (s) Oxidized: Mg(s) Reduced: Cu(aq) ZnSO4 (aq) + Ag (s) No reaction. Because zinc is more reactive than silver, it will tend to bind with sulfate more strongly than silver will. 3. A metal was found in the lab that was missing its labeling tape. In order to determine the identity of the metal several reactions were performed. When the metal was placed in hydrochloric acid, it bubbled. No reaction was noticed when placed in a solution of calcium nitrate. A reaction was observed when placed in a solution of zinc chloride. What could the metal possibly be? What further test could you run to determine the identity of the metal?

The metal could be calcium, sodium, magnesium, or aluminum. To find the exact metal, you can run tests by placing the metal in Aluminum nitrate, magnesium nitrate, sodium sulfate, of calcium nitrate. This lab allowed us to understand single replacements better and get a better idea of the relation between different reactivity of the metals.