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1.2

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(transistors)
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1.2

(0 1),

binary digit).
8- bits byte
bit (

bit,

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byte, .
kilobytes (KB),
megabytes (MB),

gigabytes (GB)
1 B = 1 byte;
terabytes (TB).

1 KB = 1000 B;
1 MB = 1000 KB;
1 GB = 1000 MB or 1 000 000 000 bytes.
1 byte = 8 bits
1 KiB = 1,024 bytes
1 MiB = 1,048,576 bytes
1 GiB = 1,073,741,824 bytes
1 TiB = 1,099,511,627,776 bytes

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1.2
byte,
bits (words),

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1.2

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(1, 2, 4, 8, 16 bytes)
bytes .
PC byte ( 8 bits),
Pentium 8 bytes ( 64 bits).

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1.2

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1.3

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10,

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7654321
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1.3.1

, 10,
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8
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3
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3210

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1.3.1
v
10
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3
1
0
2
8694 = 8 x 10 + 6x 10 +9 x 10 + 4x 10
3210

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1.3.1
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5432 1 0 ,-1-2 -3
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1.3.2
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1
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43210

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1.3.2

bit,
:

0+0 = 0
0+1 = 1

1+0 = 1
1+1 = 0

bit
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( )
- - , .

01011010(=90)
01001011(=75), :

01011010

+ 01001011

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1.3.2

bit,
:

0+0 = 0
0+1 = 1

1+0 = 1
1+1 = 0

bit
:
( )
- - , .

01011010(=90)
01001011(=75), :

01011010

+ 01001011
1

0+1= 1

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1.3.2

bit,
:

0+0 = 0
0+1 = 1

1+0 = 1
1+1 = 0

bit
:
( )
- - , .

01011010(=90)
01001011(=75), :

01011010

1+1= 0

+ 01001011
01

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1.3.2

bit,
:

0+0 = 0
0+1 = 1

1+0 = 1
1+1 = 0

bit
:
( )
- - , .

01011010(=90)
01001011(=75), :

01011010

0+0= 0

+ 01001011
101

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1.3.2

bit,
:

0+0 = 0
0+1 = 1

1+0 = 1
1+1 = 0

bit
:
( )
- - , .

01011010(=90)
01001011(=75), :

01011010

1+1= 0

+ 01001011
0101

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1.3.2

bit,
:

0+0 = 0
0+1 = 1

1+0 = 1
1+1 = 0

bit
:
( )
- - , .

01011010(=90)
01001011(=75), :

01011010

1+0= 1

+ 01001011
00101

1+1 = 0
1

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1.3.2

bit,
:

0+0 = 0
0+1 = 1

1+0 = 1
1+1 = 0

bit
:
( )
- - , .

01011010(=90)
01001011(=75), :

01011010

0+0= 0

+ 01001011
100101

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1.3.2

bit,
:

0+0 = 0
0+1 = 1

1+0 = 1
1+1 = 0

bit
:
( )
- - , .

01011010(=90)
01001011(=75), :

01011010

1+1= 0

+ 01001011
0100101

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1.3.2

bit,
:

0+0 = 0
0+1 = 1

1+0 = 1
1+1 = 0

bit
:
( )
- - , .

01011010(=90)
01001011(=75), :

01011010

0+1= 0

+ 01001011
10100101

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1.3.2

0 1
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01011010

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1, 0 0 3 , 1, .
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+ 01001011
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1.3
8 () 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7.

j 8j.
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3
2
1
0
(7264)8 =7x 8 + 2 x 8 +6x 8 + 4 x8 =
3210

= (3764)10

(7264)8 (3764)10, :

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1.3.4
16 ()

B C D E F.

0123456789 A

j 16j
FA38
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(F A 3 8) = Fx16 +Ax16+3x16 +8 x 16 =
16

= 15 x4096+ 10x 256 + 3 x 16

+ 48
61440 + 2560
=
3210
=(64056)10

+8 x 1

+8

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1.3.5
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1.3.5
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1.3.5
, 16-
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1
0
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1
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7* 8 + 3* 8

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1.3.5
:

(5 2 0)= 5x8 +2 x8 +0x8 =

8

= 5 x64
320
=
2 10
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+ 2 x8
+ 16

+0x1

+0

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1.3.5

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1.3.5
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1.3.5
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1.3.5

r ,
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2
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1.3.5


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1.3.5
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( 24 = 16).

2 = 16
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16

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2
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1.3.5
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1111 0111 0101 1000

F758

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1.3.5

0 15
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1.3.5
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2. ;
3. :
01000101
11001000
10110111
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1100010110101111
4. :
8, 16.49, 127
5. :
00101001 01001100
6. :

( 31 5 2 )

( 51 )

16

7. :
01011010
11110000
0111110010001010

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