Ariana Safavieh 12/15/13 Period 3 Annotated Bibliography Hine, Lewis i!

"es# All These Children Five Years, Six Years, Seven Years, Nine Years and Two a Little Older, Were Picking Cotton on H ! Lane"s Far# $ells, Tex Onl% One Ad&lt, an A&nt Was Picking Father Was Plowing 'dith Five Years, (see Preceding Photo) Picks All *a% +H&ghie+ Six Years Old, ,irl, Picks All *a% Alton, Seven Years Old, Picks Fi-t% Po&nds a *a% .&th, Nine Years Old, Picks Sevent%/-ive Po&nds a *a% .o0 and Lee Are a0o&t Ten or 'leven Years Old The 1er% Yo&ng Children like to Pick, 0&t 0e-ore Long The% *etest 2t S&n 2s Hot, Ho&rs Long, $ags Heav% 1$13# Photograph# Lewis Hine and So!ial %hange, Bells,&e'as# *igital *ocs in a $ox# 2 Sept# 2(($# eb# 1$ )ov# 2(13# *http+//digitaldo!sinabo'#org/i,ages/LewisHine/!hildren!ottonpi!"ing#ht,l-# Lewis Hine, a photographer, !apt.red this photo of a !o.ple !hildren in 1$13 who were wor"ing in a !otton ,ill pi!"ing !otton# /or as long as the whole day, the !hildren wo.ld be for!ed to wor" on H#0# Lane1s /ar, in Bells, &e'as where the weather was very hot and h.,id# &hese !hildren were also "nown as !hild laborers who were for!ed to wor" by their parents at s.!h yo.ng ages# After loo"ing and reading the title of the photo, 2 learned that so,e "ids at first en3oyed the 3ob of pi!"ing !otton b.t then later disli"ed it d.e to the harsh weather !onditions and wor"ing every day# 2 also reali4ed how i,portant !hild labor was and how Lewis Hine wanted to 5.i!"ly p.t a stop to it# &his photo will be a good so.r!e in ,y pro3e!t when 21, e'plaining how yo.ng !hildren were being for!ed to wor" for long periods of ti,e# Also, 2 !o.ld .se it as a pi!t.re to display the !hildren who were being for!ed to wor" and how they were .nhappy and f.ll of ,isery# Hine, Lewis i!"es# *igital *ocs in a $ox# 1$(6# Photograph# Lewis Hine and So!ial %hange, 2ndiana# *igital *ocs in a $ox# 2 Sept# 2(($# eb# 1$ )ov# 2(13# *http+//digitaldo!sinabo'#org/i,ages/LewisHine/!arryinginboys#ht,l-# %arrying7in boys were boys who wor"ed in glass fa!tories and were the ,ain s.b3e!t in this photo that Lewis Hine too" in 1$(6# &heir 3obs were to ta"e the finished ob3e!ts to an oven for the final firing# /ro, this pi!t.re, 2 learned and observed that the !onditions of the 3ob were very ro.gh to wor" in# 2 also en!o.ntered that the boys did not loo" in good shape and were dealing with health iss.es# &his so.r!e s.pported ,y thesis as well as display it be!a.se it showed how the !hildren were being for!ed to wor" and how they were wor"ing at s.!h a yo.ng age# 2 will .se this is ,y pro3e!t as one of the pi!t.res that 2 will present to show the s.ffering !hild laborers wor"ing in the harsh !onditions# Hine, Lewis i!"es# *igital *ocs in a $ox# 1$1(# Photograph# Lewis Hine and So!ial %hange,

Browns 0ills,)ew 8ersey# *igital *ocs in a $ox# 2 Sept# 2(($# eb# 1$ )ov# 2(13# *http+//digitaldo!sinabo'#org/i,ages/LewisHine/girl!arryingb.shels#ht,l-# 9n Sept# 26, 1$1(, Lewis Hine too" this photo of a ten years old girl na,ed :ose Biodo who had been i,posed to wor" in a ,ill a!!ording to the title# hen wor"ing in the ,ill, :ose had to ,ind babies and !arry berries# %hildren li"e :ose are l.!"y eno.gh to go to s!hool, b.t they only go to s!hool for si' wee"s whi!h is less then the a,o.nt of wee"s that !hildren her age are s.ppose to attend s!hool# 21ve learned that :ose had been wor"ing for three s.,,ers and that she barely goes to s!hool# ;.e to the la!" of s!hool, 2 !onsidered that :ose had a bad ed.!ation whi!h !an !a.se her to have an even worse 3ob than she already had later on# &his so.r!e will be very .sef.l in ,y pro3e!t as a photo and when 21, showing how yo.ng, .ned.!ated !hildren are being for!ed to wor" all day# Hine, Lewis i!"es# Hine Wrote in 3433 That 35/%ear/old Willie Had a Lonel% 6o0 as a Ni77er, Waiting 0% the *oors o- the !ine False Pa7ers S&0#itted to the !ine Said Willie Was 38# 1$11# Photograph# Library of %ongress+ Prints and Photographs ;ivision, Pennsylvania#

2n the boo", Brea"er Boys, by 0i!hael B.rgan, 2 fo.nd this pi!t.re that was ta"en by the photographer, Lewis Hine, and it shows a boy na,ed illie who had 3ob as a nipper# A nipper was a door boy who tended large wooden doors between parts of the ,ines# &his boy had been 1< years old and was sitting and waiting by the large doors of the ,ine a!!ording to the title# 2 learned that not all 3obs re5.ired the !hildren to wor" hard b.t so,e of the 3obs re5.ired the !hildren to stay by the,selves, lonely all day# 2 also learned that there were older !hildren too and that yo.ng !hildren weren1t the only !hild laborers# &his photo is a so.r!e that 2 will .se in ,y pro3e!t as a photo to show how so,e of the 3obs were lonely and very boring to do all day# Brown, =dward /# :ep# 2> 8.ly 2(1(# eb# 1$ )ov# 2(13# *http+//www#lo!#gov/e'hibits/ treas.res/tr,(32#ht,l-# 2n 1$13, a ,an .nder the na,e =dward /# Brown wrote a report after visiting two different fa!tories, both .sing !hildren to help get their wor" done# 2 learned that !hildren .s.ally wor"ed alongside their parents, b.t yet only earned a s,all fra!tion of the parents1 salaries# &he report had ,.ltiple pages ?told by the n.,bers at the botto, of the pages@ b.t 2 was only able to find pages 11 and 13# ;.e to the in!onvenien!e, 2 was left to wonder what page 12 was abo.t, b.t event.ally got over the fa!t that it was ,issing and was 3.st than"f.l 2 fo.nd the so.r!e# &his so.r!e sho!"ed ,e, espe!ially when 2 read the part abo.t how they so,eti,es whipped the !hildren# 0y great find does s.pport ,y thesis and will be in!orporated into ,y pro3e!t to help e'plain the harsh !onditions of the fa!tories# Hine, Lewis# The !ill# )#d# Photograph# The Histor% Place# > 0ar# 2(13# *http+//www#historypla!e#!o,/.nitedstates/!hildlabor/-# eb# > )ov# 2(13#

&hese gro.ps of photos were ta"en in 1$(671$12 all over the Anited States by Lewis Hine# 8.st a few lo!ations these photos too" pla!e in in!l.ded in !otton ,ills, !oal ,ines, sea

food fa!tories, and fields where fr.its and vegetables were being grown# 2 !o.nted abo.t >( photos 3.st in this !olle!tion# So,e of these photos will be in!orporated into o.r pro3e!t by either pasting the, on o.r wor" or 3.st as an e'a,ple of the !onditions these !hildren had to wor" in# Hine, Lewis# .ose $iodo, 3938 Annan St , Philadel7hia 3: Years Old Working 5 S&##ers !inds $a0% and Carries $erries, Two Pecks at a Ti#e Whites $og, $rown !ills, N6 This 2s the Fo&rth Week o- School and the Peo7le Here 'x7ect to .e#ain Two Weeks !ore Se7t 9;, 343: Witness ' F $rown )#d# Photograph# *igital *ocs in a $ox# 2 Sept# 2(($# eb# 1< ;e!# 2(13# *http+//digitaldo!sinabo'#org/i,ages/LewisHine/ girl!arryingb.shels#ht,l-# A s,all ten7year old girl is !arrying two fairly large bo'es of berries in this photo# 2t loo"s 5.ite !old o.tside, for she1s wearing a long7sleeved dress and the s"y loo"s !lo.dy# 2 !annot tell whether there is snow on the gro.nd, or its sand7 b.t either way, the girl is still barefoot# 2n the ba!"gro.nd there are ,any dots that 2 ,a"e o.t to be h.,ans# &his photo a!t.ally .pset ,e be!a.se it1s hard to see an .nhappy girl that is being for!ed into wor" and not to ,ention doesn1t get ,.!h pay# 2t ,a"es ,e wish 2 "new her# &his photo is going to be pasted on o.r pro3e!t for s.re# Hine, Lewis # Child La0or in the Cotton !ills o- !ississi77i :ep# )#p#+ n#p#, n#d# Child La0or in the Cotton 2lls o- !ississi77i 2> 8.ly 2(1(# eb# 1B )ov# 2(13# *http+//www#lo!#gov/ e'hibits/treas.res/i,ages/v!((B6$B#3pg-# Lewis Hine traveled to all the !otton ,ills in the state of 0ississippi in a spring of 1$11# He later wrote a report abo.t his e'perien!e# 2t wasn1t as ,.!h abo.t the harsh !onditions and the !hildren b.t as a few statisti!s and a review# )ear the end he was tal"ing abo.t a widower and how they dealt with their wife1s death and how hi, and his da.ghter wor"ed to stay alive# &his report didn1t very ,.!h relate to o.r thesis, b.t had a few interesting fa!ts we wo.ld be able to .se# 2t will be .sed to ba!".p so,e of the photos we have fro, the !otton ,ill#

Se!ondary orth, :i!hard# Lewis Hine< Photogra7her o- A#ericans at Work# Ar,on", )C+ Sharpe /o!.s, 2((6# Print# &he boo", Lewis Hine+ Photogra7her o- A#ericans at Work, 0% .ichard Worth ex7lains a0o&t the li-e o- Lewis Hine and the str&ggle that he went thro&gh to take the 7hotos o- the child la0orers *&ring the 0eginning o- this 0ook, it dis7la%s the earl% li-e o- Lewis Hine, then later in the 0ook, #ore detail on child la0or is shown and the str&ggles o- the child la0orers" lives So#ething new in this 0ook that 2 learned was that Hine did not =&st take 7hotos o- the child la0orers working, 0&t also the harsh conditions that the% had worked in 2 also learned that so#e o- the children who were 0eing -orced to work 0% -actor% owners had lost their 7arents or didn"t have an% While having no 7arents, so#e o- the children also had to take care o- their %o&nger

si0lings and work at the sa#e ti#e This secondar% so&rce wo&ld 0e ver% &se-&l in #% 7ro=ect when 2"# ex7laining a0o&t the lives o- the children who were -orced to work 2 wo&ld also &se this so&rce while 2"# showing how Lewis Hine"s li-e was and what led hi# to 0eco#e the 7hotogra7her o- child la0orers /reed,an, :.ssell, and Lewis i!"es Hine# >ids at Work< Lewis Hine and the Cr&sade against Child La0or# )ew Cor"+ %larion, 1$$B# Print &he .se of Lewis Hine1s photos to prevent the law of !hild labor is the ,ain idea in :.ssel /reed,an1s boo" !alled >ids at Work< Lewis Hine and the Cr&sade against Child La0or Lewis Hine wo&ld travel -re?&entl% -or the National Child La0or Co##ittee to take 7hotos ochildren who were 0eing o0ligated to work in -actories, #ills, and cotton -ields -or as long as the whole da% These children worked their whole lives when the% were s&77ose to attend school So#e o- the children who worked were l&ck% eno&gh to go to school 0&t onl% -or a co&7le weeks which was less than the a#o&nt o- weeks that the children needed -or school 2 learned #an% things s&ch as Hine cared so #&ch to 7revent this law that he traveled -i-t% tho&sand #iles a %ear 0% a&to#o0ile and train Also, there were #ore =o0s that so#e 0o%s 7re-or#ed which were #&le drivers, co&7lers, r&nners, s7ra%ers, and gate watchers 2 wo&ld &se this 0ook"s in-or#ation in #% 7ro=ect to descri0e to others how i#7ortant this to7ic was and how dangero&s it was -or the children when the% were working B.rgan, 0i!hael# $reaker $o%s< How a Photogra7h Hel7ed 'nd Child La0or# 0an"ato, 0)+ %o,pass Point, 2(12# Print# Brea"er Boys+ How a Photograph Helped =nd %hild Labor by 0i!hael B.rgan is a very infor,ative boo" abo.t a 3ob that boys e'e!.ted d.ring the !hild labor years !alled the brea"er boys# &he brea"ers boys wor"ed in ,ines and separated i,p.rities fro, !oal by hand in a !oal brea"er# &hese dangero.s 3obs !a.sed the yo.ng boys to have ,any in3.ries and even die fro, the ,a!hines or !r.el !onditions# /ro, this boo", 2 learned that the photos of the brea"er boys that Lewis Hine too" was part of why the %ongress passed the law on !hild labor# &he photos !a.sed the %ongress to see how the poor !hildren were s.ffering and even dying fro, the harsh 3obs that they were being for!ed to do# &his so.r!e wo.ld be very .sef.l in ,y pro3e!t when 21, !larifying how the life7threatening 3obs that yo.ng !hildren .ndertoo" and the photography of Lewis Hine !a.sed the %ongress to pass the law on !hild labor# Dhang, 0i!hael# ELewis Hine1s Photography and &he =nd of %hild Labor in the Anited States#E PetaPixel .SS# eb# 16 )ov# 2(13# *http+//petapi'el#!o,/2(13/($/(>/ lewis7hines7photography7end7!hild7labor7.nited7states/&his se!ondary so.r!e has ,any i,portant infor,ation abo.t the !hild labor iss.es and how the photographer, Lewis Hine solved the,# Hine was part of the )ational %hild Labor %o,,ittee whi!h is also "nown as the )%L% and this gro.p was ,ade to try to stop !hild labor sin!e it started in 1$(B, b.t they never !o.ld# &he )%L% then de!ided to p.t Lewis Hine on the 3ob to spread the word abo.t !hild labor with his pi!t.res# Hine wo.ld go all over the Anited States and wo.ld ta"e pi!t.res of the !hild laborers# 2 learned how ,any of the fa!tory owners

did not li"e how Lewis Hine was ta"ing pi!t.res to stop the !hildren fro, wor"ing, so he had to se!retly ta"e the photos of the, witho.t getting !a.ght# %hild labor was ,ore !o,,on in the early 1$((1s and !hildren all over the Anited States were being for!ed to wor" in !otton ,ills all day and wo.ld not go to s!hool was so,ething that 2 also learned fro, this so.r!e# 2 wo.ld .se this website1s infor,ation abo.t Lewis Hine and !hild labor when 21, telling abo.t !hild labor in general and how it was a very i,portant iss.e to get rid of# A History of %hild Labor#E Scholastic Teachers# S!holasti!, 1B 9!t# 13# eb# 16 )ov# 2(13# *http+//www#s!holasti!#!o,/tea!hers/arti!le/history7!hild7labor-# &his S!holasti! )ews arti!le in!l.ded lots of ba!"gro.nd on o.r topi!, b.t when 2 fo.nd it, 2 had already "new ,ost of the st.ff written in the arti!le# 2 de!ided to "eep reading, and 2 fo.nd that the last few paragraphs in!l.ded long ter, affe!ts, 3.st what we neededF Altho.gh a law was set to prote!t !hildren fro, wor"ing in 1$36, there are still ways people wor" aro.nd it# /or the ,ost part, the iss.e has been solved# So,e people 3.st !an1t see, to follow the r.les tho.gh# %hildren of ,igrant wor"ers wor" o.tside s!hool ho.rs, b.t ,.st travel fro, pla!e to pla!e, therefore ,issing ,.!h of s!hool# &his will be .sed in o.r !on!l.sion, for s.re# ELewis Hine#E S7artac&s 'd&cational# Sparta!.s =d.!ational, 3( 0ay 2(13# *http+//www#sparta!.s#s!hoolnet#!o#."/,obile/2:hine#ht,-# eb# 1$ )ov# 2(13#

hile loo"ing at this so.r!e, 2 fo.nd ,any interesting fa!ts and details we !o.ld .se for o.r pro3e!t# Sparta!.s =d.!ation ?the website na,e@ in!l.ded ,any fa!ts abo.t Lewis Hine, in!l.ding that he was a tea!her# Also in!l.ded in this arti!le was ,any i,portant dates# So,e of o.r other so.r!es did not in!l.de dates, whi!h is why 2 really li"ed this so.r!e# &his arti!le will be in!orporated into o.r pro3e!t when we give ba!"gro.nd on Hine# Lewis Hine< The Child La0o&r Photos That Sha#ed A#erica# Prod# &ra!y S.therland# Www 00c co &k# )#p#, 11 Apr# 2(12# eb# 26 9!t# 2(13# *http+//www#bb!#!o#."/news/ ,aga4ine71><>3213-# After wat!hing this video, 2 better .nderstood the effe!t of !hild labor and how it wor"ed# &he video also tal"ed a lot abo.t Lewis Hine personally# &here was one fa!t that started the video that 2 fo.nd 5.ite sho!"ing+ ,ost people didn1t believe !hild labor was an iss.e or e'isted# 2 fo.nd that f.nny sin!e there were literally ,illions of !hildren in the Anited States wor"ing at the ti,e# Lewis Hine was na,ed the father of do!.,entary, altho.gh his wor" began long before do!.,entary was defined as a ,edi.,# Below the video, there was a s,all arti!le that was also very helpf.l# &his video will definitely be in!orporated into o.r pro3e!t as ba!"gro.nd# Cellowit4, 2rwin# E%hild Labor#E Histor% co## AG= &elevision )etwor"s, 25 0ay 2(12# )ov# 2(13# *http+//www#history#!o,/topi!s/!hild7labor-# eb# (<

History#!o, wrote a wonderf.l arti!le abo.t the history of !hild labor fro, the early 1$((s to 1$36# &he arti!le was slightly wordy, b.t 2 fo.nd ,.ltiple good fa!ts abo.t the de!line of !hild labor at the end# 2 fo.nd it s.rprising that new and i,proved ,a!hinery/te!hnology was

the ,ain !a.se of the de!line# 2t was also a sho!" to read that in the year 1$((, 16 per!ent of all A,eri!an wor"ers were .nder the age of eighteen# &hese fa!ts will be .sed to !on!l.de the end of o.r pro3e!t#