Naveed Nekoo Leah Simmons 4B 1/28/14 New York Draft Riots and the Duty of the Military Service

Annotated Bibliography Primary Sources "A Black Man is Hanged in the Streets of New York During the Draft Riots." History E-Library. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2014. <http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/civil_war_series/2/sec10.htm>. In this picture, a black man is being hanged for pleasure of the rioters. There is no crowd waiting for him to be hanged or a formal spot to hang him, just a rope tied to a tree and 4 rioters around him. Also, they are taking their anger out on the black man because they are also shooting him even though he is dead. There is no need to shoot him except for pleasure, which shows how much anger the rioters had. "Draft Riots 1863 - Attack on Provost Marshal's Office." Virtualny. Illustrated London News, 8 Aug. 1863. Web. 25 Jan. 2014. <http://www.virtualny.cuny.edu/Search/search_res_image6b5f.html?id=286>. The riots occurred in the North so not a lot of Southerners got to witness it first hand. However, this news reporter did witness it from half a mile away and drew some descriptive images of a building being burned to the ground. The riots were mainly caused by the military's need for more soldiers; on July 13, 1863 the Provost Marshall's office was burned to the ground. Very few newspaper articles were written from a

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Southerners prospective, so this image is very rare and could help the overall project greatly. "Draft riots of 1863 in New York." Image. Library of Congress. American History. ABC-CLIO, 2013. Web. 23 Oct. 2013. People can imagine events but they do not know what happens for sure until they see a visual. By the amount of violence and people in this image it can lead to a conclusion that these riots were not just average protests, they were a lot more. This image from the Library of Congress helps the project on the New York Draft Riots because it shows what went on during the riots. Freeland, Edward B. "The Great Riot." Continental Monthy Sept. 1863: n. pag. Print. The article describes what happened before and after the riots in depth. For a couple paragraphs it repeatedly states questions such as, "Where did the riot spring from?". It talks about reasons why this riot broke out and what the citizens were feeling when they decided to riot. Most of this newspaper is based on questions answered by more questions. Harris, Leslie M. In the Shadow of Slavery. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 2003. Print. This is an excerpt from the book, "In the Shadow of Slavery". African Americans and government buildings were the main target of the New York Draft Riots. It talks about how the rioters would torture and kill African Americans without a care in the world. There are two pictures showing the hanging and torturing of African Americans and their families with cheering white men in the background.

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Many Stand Around and Watch as a Black Man gets Hanged. 8 Aug. 1863. Illustration. History Matters. African Americans were not treated well during the New York Draft Riots. They were beaten, shot, and hanged. Many of the images published in newspapers during this period contain images of African Americans being hanged. This is because many news reporters did not favor blacks so they focused their headlines on how blacks were treated. The death of many Africans Americans was mainly caused by the military service not being available to contain the violence and many lives would have been saved if the military service were ready to control the violence. "The Reign of the Rabble." New York Times [New York] 15 July 1863: n. pag. Print. This is a newspaper article created 2 days after the riots and deeply describes every hour during them. "4 p.m a large crowd gathered, 6 p.m the riots began", it stated while describing the start of the New York Draft Riots. It also thoroughly explains which places they attacked. People were hurt in this mob such as Mary Williams, a twenty-four year old colored woman. The riots invaded stores and stole a great deal of belongings such as liquor from the house N.11, James Slip store. Also, another woman was struck on the head by a ruffian and was severely injured. Overall, this newspaper greatly describes the tragic events that happened during the New York Draft Riots hour by hour.

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The Rioters Hang a Black Man. University of Chicago Press. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2014. <http://www.press.uchicago.edu/Misc/Chicago/317749.html>. The rioters in the New York Draft Riots hang a black man. The amount of violence that is being shown is remarkable, especially because the man in the image did nothing wrong. It also shows that racism was a big part of the riots. Black men were the ones usually being hung, not white men. "The Riots at New York." New York Times [New York] 1 Aug. 1863: n. pag. Print. This article is in the point of view of an upstander. It states what the rioters were doing before the riot and how they were planning it out. It also explains how they tried to stop the riot and extinguish the flames that were brought upon New York. There is also a picture showing the officers trying to stop the riots. "The Riots in New York: Conflict Between the Military and the Rioters in First Avenue." MAAP. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Nov. 2013. <http://maap.columbia.edu/image/view/819.html>. When the rioters started invading First Avenue, the Union troops were called in to restore order. This picture shows exactly that. The Union troops are opening fire on the rioters trying to keep order, not caring that their military was killing United States citizens. This image is helpful to the project because it shows how different people were all affected in different ways.

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Smith, Wilson. "Harper's Weekly, August 1, 1863." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2013. Web. 23 Oct. 2013. In this article, there are many mentions of the New York Draft Riots and they are more accurate than others because "Harper Weekly" is newspaper produced back in the 1800's and a primary source of the event. It shows horrifying pictures of black men getting lynched and descriptive accounts of the event which help this project because it gets people living in this generation to understand what really happened.

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Secondary Sources Bernstein, Iver. The New York City Draft Riots. Lincoln: U of Nebraska Press, 2010. Print. Iver Bernstein tells her story of the New York Draft riots, how it began and then how it accelerated into a huge riot. She also goes into detail on the significance of this riot in the Civil War and the history of America. This is the first book to describe the social, cultural, and political conflicts that led to many deaths of innocent Americans. This source is useful because it goes in depth on how the riot broke out and the conflicts that occurred. "The Draft Riots." Library of Congress. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Nov. 2013. <http://myloc.gov/Exhibitions/civil-war-in-america/december-1862-october1863/ExhibitObjects/Draft-Riots.aspx?Enlarge=true&ImageId=93598839-5587-491c-9177a4c7afddb5a9%3a764fa071-f9b1-40ba-a54bb0ec583c6e20%3a170&PersistentId=1%3a93598839-5587-491c-9177a4c7afddb5a9%3a28&ReturnUrl=%2fExhibitions%2fcivil-war-in-america%2fdecember-1862october-1863%2fExhibitObjects%2fDraft-Riots.aspx>. This is just a short and concise summary of the draft riots. It explains how they started and what the rioters did to building and offices. Also, there is a picture of the New York Times newspaper about the riots. This can help the project by showing how big of an event this really was because of the amount of publicity that it was given.

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Maranzani, Barbara. "Four Days of Fire: The New York City Draft Riots." History. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Nov. 2013. <http://www.history.com/news/four-days-of-fire-the-new-york-city-draftriots>. The information in this article consisted of how life was before the New York Draft Riots, the actions that occurred during them, and the aftermath of the tragic event. It goes into detail of the events that occurred and how people suffered in different ways. This project benefits from "Four Days of Fire: The New York Draft Riots" because the article provides facts that have not been shown in previous readings. "New York City Draft Riots 1863." Mapping the African American Past. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Nov. 2013. <http://maap.columbia.edu/place/52>. This article brings the fact that about one hundred people were killed and about one hundred buildings were burned down during this riot. The violence was at an unbelievable scale due to the draft riots. This project benefits from this article because it is a summary of the riots and it shows who the rioters targeted during the riots.

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Petlack, Luci. "Draft Riots of 1863 Reveal Class Tensions & Opposition to War." Into the Marchand Archive. Wordpress, n.d. Web. 6 Nov. 2013. <http://marchand.historyproject.ucdavis.edu/2012/04/09/draft-riots-of-1863-reveal-classtensions-opposition-to-war/>. This web page describes the New York Draft Riots and the main reason they started. Luci states that the Conscription Act allowed people to pay a three hundred dollar bounty if they did not want to go to war, but three hundred dollars was usually how much a worker made in a year. Also, she talks about the five hundred deaths and millions of dollars in damages. This can help claim that the Conscription Act was outrageous and other people thought so too. The Rioters Hang a Black Man. University of Chicago Press. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2014. <http://www.press.uchicago.edu/Misc/Chicago/317749.html>. The rioters in the New York Draft Riots hang a black man. The amount of violence that is being shown is remarkable, especially because the man in the image did nothing wrong. It also shows that racism was a big part of the riots. Black men were the ones usually being hung, not white men.