Barry, Norman P. Modern Siyaset Teorisi An Introduction to Modern Political Theory, 4th edition (2000) 1.

Siyaset Bilimi - Tarih 2. Siyaset Bilimi - Felsefe evirenler: Mustafa Erdoan ve Yusuf ahin ISBN 13: 978-975-6201-68-8 Liberte Yaynlar / 101 3. Bask: Aralk 2012, 2. Bask: Mart 2004, 1. Bask: ubat 2003

2012, 2002; Liberte Yaynlar 2000, 1995, 1989, 1981; Norman P. Barry Bu kitap ilk olarak ngilizcede, Macmillan Publishers Limitedin bir markas olan Palgrave Macmillan tarafndan, An Introduction to Modern Political Theory ismiyle baslmtr. Trke eviri ve basks Palgrave Macmillann izniyle yaplmtr. Bu Eserin mellifi olarak yazarn haklar mahfuzdur. Sayfa Dzeni: Liberte Yaynlar Kapak Tasarm: Muhsin Doan Montaj: Merkez Repro Bask: Tarcan Matbaas Adres: Zbeyde Hanm Mah. Samyeli Sok. No: 15, skitler, Ankara Telefon: (312) 384 34 35-36 | Faks: (312) 384 34 37 | Sertifika No: 25744

liberteyayngrubu

Adres: GMK Bulvar No: 108/16, 06570 Maltepe, Ankara Telefon: (312) 230 87 03 | Faks: (312) 230 80 03 Web: www.liberte.com.tr | E-mail: info@liberte.com.tr Sertifika No: 16438

zet indekiler

1 2 4 5

SYASET FELSEFES VE SYAS DNCE . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. 29 HUKUK VE SOSYAL KONTROL

. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . ..

75

3 DEVLET. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
OTORTE VE KTDAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 SYAS LKELER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

6 ADLET. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . 241 7 ETLK . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. 293 8 ZGRLK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 9 HAKLAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 10 11

REFAH VE REFAH DEVLET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 KAMU YARARI VE DEMOKRAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459

Detayl indekiler

NORMAN P. BARRY ANISINA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 TRKE BASKI N NSZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 TAKDM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

1 Siyaset Felsefesi ve Siyas Dnce

29

1. Siyaset Teorisinin Bugnk Durumu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 2. Dil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 3. Liberal Bireycilik . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 4. Siyas Liberalizm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 5. Marksizmin Gerilemesi ve Toplumculuun Ykselii . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 6. Feminizm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

2 Hukuk ve Sosyal Kontrol

75

1. Hukuk ve Toplum Felsefesi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 2. Tabi Hukuk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 3. Emir Olarak Hukuk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

4. Hukuk Gerekilik . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 5. Kural Sistemleri Olarak Hukuk Sistemleri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 6. lkeler, Kurallar ve Hukuk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 7. Hukukun stnl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 8. Radikal Hukuk Doktrinleri ve Hukukun stnl. . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

3 Devlet

119

1. Siyaset Felsefesinde Devlet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 2. Devletin Tahlili . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 3. Devletin Ekonomik Teorisi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 4. Devletin Organik Teorisi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 5. Anarizm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 6. Devlet Hakkndaki ada Tartma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

4 Otorite ve iktidar

159

1. Otorite, ktidar ve Cebir. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 2. Otoritenin Mahiyeti. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 3. ktidarla lgili Baz Problemler. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 4. ktidar Hakkndaki Sosyal Teoriler. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

5 Siyas lkeler

199

1. Siyas lkeler ve Siyaset Felsefesi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 2. Evrenselletirilebilirlik ve Ahlk oulculuk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 3. Szlemecilik. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 4. Faydaclk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

5. Bireycilik. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 6. Feminist Ahlk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

6 Adlet

241

1. Adlet Problemi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 2. Adletin Anlam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 3. Usl Adlet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 4. Sosyal Adlet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 5. Rawlsun Adlet Teorisi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

7 Eitlik

293

1. Eitlik lkesi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 2. nsan Doas ve Eitlik. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 3. Frsat Eitlii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 4. Eitlik, Piyasalar ve Kaynaklar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 5. Eitlik, Aile ve Feminizm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

8 zgrlk

327

1. Siyaset Felsefesinde zgrlk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 2. zgrln Anlam. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330 3. Negatif ve Pozitif zgrlk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346 4. zerklik Olarak zgrlk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355 5. John Stuart Mill ve zgrln Deeri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 6. Hukuk, Ahlk ve Paternalizm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372

9 Haklar

379

1. Siyaset Teorisinde Haklar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 2. Haklarn Tahlili. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 3. Haklarn Eletirisi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 4. nsan Haklar, ktisad ve Sosyal Haklar ve Refah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406 5. Hayvan Haklar ve Hayvanlarn yilii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416

10 Refah ve Refah Devleti

425

1. Refah Teorisinin Kkleri ve Douu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 2. ada Refah Argmanlar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433 3. Piyasa ve Refah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 4. Eitlik, zgrlk ve Refah Devleti. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446

11 Kamu Yarar ve Demokrasi

459

1. Kamu Yarar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 2. Demokrasi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475 3. Usl Demokrasi ve Kamu Yarar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493 4. Liberal Demokrasinin Radikal Eletirisi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511 KAYNAKA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523

1. Siyaset Teorisinin Bugnk Durumu

iyaset teorisi konusuna giriin balca zorluu bununla uraanlar arasnda konunun ne olduu hakknda pek anlama olmamasdr. Balangtan beri son derece tartmal metodolojik sorunlarla ilgili olmak btn sosyal bilimlerin konular iin doru olmakla beraber o kadar ki, sosyal bilim kavramlar z bakmndan tartmal kavramlar olarak anlmaktadr (bkz. aaya) siyaset teorisinin zorluu sz gelii iktisat teorisininkinden daha byk grnmektedir. ktisatlar, zellikle makro ekonomide, iddetli metodolojik tartmalara girerken, yine de renciler iin bir giri kitabnn muhtevas hakknda nemli lde bir anlama vardr. En azndan, bu gibi kitaplarn kkl biimde birbirinden farkl malzemeyi

Blm
Siyaset Felsefesi ve Siyas Dnce

1.

NORMAN P. BARRY | MODERN SYASET TEORS

29

30

BirinCi Blm

ele almas ihtimli yoktur ve Bat dnyasnn snrlar iinde bunun yerden yere ok farkllamas da sz konusu deildir. Fakat siyaset teorisinde bu durum sdece siyas dceler tarihi dersleri bakmndan dorudur. Bu alandaki kitaplar byk lde belirli siyaset felsefelerinin tasviri ile konunun Platondan gnmze kadar gelimesinin tarihsel bir anlatmndan oluur. Bu gibi aratrmalar nemli lde sofistikasyon iermekle beraber, bir btn olarak siyas dnceler tarihinin dier sosyal bilimlerin olduklarn iddia edebilecekleri anlamda sahici bir teorik disiplin olduu dnlmez. Siyaset felsefesinin byk eserlerinde genellikle siyas istikrar iin gerekli olan artlarla ilgili olarak sosyolojik trden genelletirmeler bulunduu iddia edilmi olsa da, bu eserler genellikle daha farkl bir nedenle incelenirler. Bu neden, onlarn belirli trden kanunlarn ve kurumlarn arzu edilirliine ilikin normatif nermeler iermeleri ve bu tr tavsiyeleri rasyonel muhakeme ile desteklemeleridir. Siyaset felsefesinin klsiklerinin insan ve toplum hakknda felsef olarak dnen herkesi her zaman ilgilendiren hakikatler ve derin kavraylar (insights) ierdikleri dnlr. Mamafih, tarz itibariyle analitik olan ve metodolojiyle, kavramlarn aydnlatlmasyla (aklanmasyla) ve daha nceki pozitivizme zt olarak siyas deerlendirme mantyla ilgili bulunan, siyaset teorisi denen bir lde felsef bir konu gelimitir. Bu kitap esas itibariyle bu tarzda yazlmtr. Esasen, bunun 40 yl nce var olandan ok daha zengin bir damar olduu belirtilmelidir, o zaman bu tarz analitik siyaset teorisinde ok az ilgin eser vard. Sava sonras dnemin balarnda sdece hukuk felsefesinde yeni ve analitik teknikler toplumu inceleyenler iin ilgin sonular getiriyordu. Bunun-

SiyasEt FElsEfEsi VE Siyas DnCE

31

la beraber, son otuz ylda bakalar yannda Rawls (1972), Nozick (1974), Dworkin (1977), Walzer (1983), MacIntyre (1981) ve Raz (1986) (ve politik iktisadn kimi temel ilkelerinden yararlanan almalar) disipline yeni soluk getirmilerdir, yle ki bir zamanlar gvenle sylendii gibi siyaset felsefesinin ldn sylemek bugn byk bir abartma olur. zel olarak nemli nokta, siyaset felsefesinde geleneksel ynteminszlemeciliin canlanmasdr. Bundan baka, bu yaklamlarn bir ksmnn ar bireycilii insann sosyal tabiatn vurgulayan dnrlerin heyecanl tepkisine yol amtr: nsan toplumsal balarndan zlemez ve faraz bir szleme yoluyla soyut bir kural seici yaplamaz. Bu toplumculuun (communitarianism) temelidir. Bu mlhazalardan aklk kazanm olmaldr ki, siyaset teorisi eitli disiplinlerden yararlanan eklektik bir konudur. Mnhasran siyaset teorisine ait olarak tasnif edilebilecek bir bilgi btn ve analiz yntemi yoktur. Bu kitabn geri kalan ksmnda siyasetin birka farkl alanla ve metodolojik yaklamlarla ilikisini ele alacaz. Dolasyyla, kitap politikayla ilgili olduu kadar felsefe, hukuk, etik ve iktisatla da ilgili olacaktr.

2. Dil
Siyaset teorisyenleri dille bugn eskiden olduundan daha fazla ilgililerdir. Mamafih, dil stndeki bu vurgu fazla abartlm olabilir. Biimsel felsefedeki durum nasl grlrse grlsn, zellikle Mantk Pozitivizmin etkisi altndaki ngilterede, siyaset felsefesinin problemleri hibir zaman kavramlarn aydnlatlmasndan ibaret olmamtr. Bunun nedeni, ksmen, siyaset felsefecilerinin daha ziyde adlet, haklar, zgrlk ve devlet zerindeki snrlar gibi daha byk

Kaynaka

Ackerman, R. (1980) Social Justice in the Liberal State (Yale University Press). Aiken, H. D. (1948) Humes Moral and Political Philosophy (New York: Hafner). Alchian, A. A. ve Demsetz, H. (1973) The Property Rights Paradigm, Journal of Economic History, xxxiii. Arendt. H. (1961) What is Authority?, iinde Between Past and Future (Londra: Faber and Faber). Arrow, K. J. (1963) Social Choice and Individual Values, 2. ed. (New York: Wiley). Arrow, K. J. (1967a) Values and Collective Decision-Making, iinde P. Laslett ve W. G. Runciman (eds), Philosophy, Politics and Society, Third Series (Oxford: Blackwell). Arrow, K. J. (1967b) Public and Private Values, iinde S. Hook (ed.), Human Values and Economic Policy (New York: New York University Press). Arrow, K. J. (1973) Some Ordinalist-Utilitarian Notes on Rawlss Theory of Justice, The Journal of Philosophy, xx. Austin, J. (1954) The Province of Jurisprudence Determined, editr H. L. A. Hart (Londra: Weidenfeld & Nicolson). Axelrod, R. (1984) The Evolution of Cooperation (New York: Basic Books). Bachrach, P. and Baratz, M. (1962) The Two Faces of Power, American Political Science Review, 56. Baldwin, D. (1989) Paradoxes of Power (Oxford: Blackwell). Barry, B. (1965) Political Argument (Londra: Routledge & Kegan Paul. Barry, B. (1967a) Justice and the Common Good, iinde A. Quinton (ed.), Political Philosophy (Londra: Oxford University Press). Barry, B. (1967b) The Public nterest iinde A. Quinton (ed.), Political Philosophy

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524

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Smart, J. J. C. ve Williams, B. (1973) Utilitarianism: For and Against (Cambridge University Press). Smith, A. (1976) Theory of Moral Sentiments, E. West (ed.) (Indianapolis: Liberty Press). Sorauf, F. (1973) The Conceptual Muddle, iinde R. Flathman (ed.), Concepts in Social and Political Philosophy (New York: Macmillan). Steiner, H. (1974) Individual Liberty, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 75. Steiner, H. (1979) The Structure of a Set of Compossible Rights, Journal of Philosophy, 74. Stephen, J. F. (1967) Liberty, Equality, Fraternity, editr: R. J. Whyte (Cambridge University Press). Sugden, R. (1984) Who Cares? (Londra: Institute of Economic Affairs). Sugden, R. (1986) The Economics of Rights, Co-operation and Welfare (Oxford: Blackwell). Szasz. T. (1961) The Myth of Mental Illness (New York: Dell). Tawney, R. H. (1969) Equality, 5. ed. (Londra: Allen and Unwin). Taylor, C. (1985) Philosophical Papers (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). Taylor, C. (1992) Multiculturalism and the Politics of Recognition (Princeton: Princeton University Press). Taylor, J. K. (1992) Reclaiming the Mainstream: Individualist Feminism Redisco-vered (New York: Prometheus). Taylor, P. (1973) Reverse Discrimination and Compensatory Justice, Analysis, 33. Thomson, J. (1973) Preferential Hiring, Philosophy and Public Affairs, 2. Titmuss, R. (1970) The Gift Relationship (Londra: Allen and Unwin). Trakman, L. (1983) The Law Merchant: The Evolution of Commercial Law (Colorado: Littleton). Tuck, R. (1979) Natural Rights Theories (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). Tullock, G. (1976) The Vote Motive (Londra: Institute of Economic Affairs). Twining, W. ve Miers, D. (1976) How to Do Things with Rules (Londra: Weidenfeld & Nicolson). Ullmann-Margalit, E. (1979) Invisible Hand Explanations, Synthese, 30. Usher, P. (1981) The Economic Prequisites to Democracy (Oxford: Blackwell). Waldron, J. (1984) Theories of Rights (Oxford University Press). Waldron, J. (1987) Nonsense upon Stilts (Londra: Methuen). Walzer, M. (1983) Spheres of Justice (New York: Basic Books).

Kaynaka

537

Wasserstrom, R. (1971) Rights, Human Rights and Racial Discrimination, iinde James Rachels (ed.), Moral Problems (New York: Harper & Row). Weale, A. (1983) Political Theory and Social Policy (Londra: Macmillan). Weber, M. (1947) Theory of Social and Economic Organisation, ngilizceye eviren: A. M. Henderson ve T. Parsons (Glencoe, I11.: The Free Press). Weinstein, W. (1965) The Concept of Liberty in Nineteenth Century Political Thought, Political Studies, xiii. Weldon, T. D. (1956) Political Principles, iinde P. Laslett (ed.), Philosophy, Politics and Society, First Series (Oxford: Blackwell). West, R. (1988) Jurisprudence and Gender, University of Chicago Law Review, 55. Whynes, D. ve Bowles, R. (1981) The Economic Theory ofthe State (Oxford: Martin Robertson). Willams, B. (1963) The Ideal of Equality, iinde P. Laslett ve W. C. Runciman, Philosophy, Politics and Society, Second Series (Oxford: Blackwell). Wilson, J. (1966) Equality (Londra: Hutchinson). Winch, P. (1958) The Idea of a Social Science (Londra: Routledge & Kegan Paul). Winch, P. (1967) Authority, iinde A. Quinton (ed.), Political Philosophy (Londra: Oxford University Press). Wittman, D. (1973) Parties as Utility Maximizers, American Political Science Review, 67. Wolff, R. P. (1976) iinde Defence ofAnarchism (New York: Harper Colophon). Young, M. (1961) The Rise ofthe Meritocracy (Harmondsworth: Penguin).

Dizin

A
ac 213, 216, 217, 376, 417, 430 adlet anlam 247, 248, 251256 eitlik ve 219, 222, 228, 235 fayda ve 223 liberal adlet teorisi 209 problemi 241251, 255 Rawslun adlet teorisi 205, 208 sosyal adlet 17, 37, 113, 135, 200, 228, 231, 242, 256262, 267275, 285, 289, 297, 431, 447 usl 256258, 270, 281, 314, 324 dil frsat eitlii ilkesi 281, 287 ahlk oulculuk 202 ahlk durum 388 ahlk haklar 370, 383385, 397, 399 ahlk kurallar 50, 210, 277 ahlk tehlike 19, 430, 434, 438, 442, 445 aile 321323 Alman Sosyal Demokrat Partisi 488 Almanya 190

Amerika Birleik Devletleri 15, 26, 91, 95, 129, 171, 192, 235, 245, 294 Amerikan gerekilii 9295 Amerikan liberalizmi 290 analitik-sentetik ayrm 35, 40 anarizm 16, 151 anayasa anayasaclk 184, 478 anayasa hukuku 76, 84, 90 anayasal demokrasi 485, 508, 518 anayasal haklar 251, 296, 384 anayasal reform 508, 509 ve kanun 9395 ve kurallar sistemi 183 antropomorfizm 132 apartheid 81 Aquinas, St. Thomas 380 Arendt, Hannah 181 Aristoteles 247, 248 Arnavutluk 354 Arrow, Kenneth 249, 496504 Austin, J. 8391, 98 Avrupa Topluluu / Birlii 16, 99, 101,

NORMAN P. BARRY | MODERN SYASET TEORS

539

540

NORMAN P. BARRY | MODERN SYASET TEORS

130, 444 Avrupa Topluluklar Kanunu 100 Axelrod, Robert 141

Britanya. BkzBirleik Krallk Buchanan, Allen 61 Buchanan, James 143, 210, 212, 276, 504507 Burke, Edmund 402 Burns, J. H. 482 brokrasi 491, 513 516

B
Bachrach, Peter 194 Baratz, Morton S. 194 Barry, Brian 169, 183, 206208, 242, 279, 296, 434, 462, 472, 507 Barry, Norman P. 37, 48, 52, 63, 69, 70, 99, 109, 125, 137, 146, 189, 200, 212, 231, 241, 265, 324, 368, 427431, 440443, 450, 455, 466, 468, 473 basnn gc 187 Becker, Gary 322 belirsizlik 412 bencillik 277 faydaclk ve 216 Benn, S. 339, 341 Bentham, Jeremy 80, 83, 86, 215, 216, 220224, 244, 335, 341, 347, 398, 417, 422, 446, 465, 493, 494 Berlin, Isaiah 18, 206, 208, 296, 330, 347357, 362 Beveridge, William 435 bilmezlik perdesi 18, 277, 278, 279, 283, 284 bireycilik 43, 148, 156, 227231, 234, 256, 269, 381, 406, 427, 461 Birleik Krallk 91, 93, 130, 229, 361 Bismarck, Otto von 431 boanma 323325, 372 Bowles, Roger 134 Brennan, Geoffrey 509511

C-
Campbell, Tom 382 cebir 53, 119, 125, 131, 137, 142, 153, 162, 165, 169, 180, 186, 200, 214, 256, 328, 357, 373, 411, 426, 507 cebir tekeli 121, 125, 137, 154 Checkland, E. 430 Checkland, S. 430 Cheung, Steven 143, 470 Coase, Ronald 144 Cohen, Gerald 334 common law 52, 78, 81, 85, 94, 99, 104, 109, 111, 113, 148, 257, 342, 367, 373 Condorcet, M. J. A. N., Marquis de 499 Connolly, William 38, 40, 164, 330 Cranston, Maurice 382, 408410 Crenson, Matthew 195 cumhuriyetilik 427, 428 ocuklar 307, 322325, 333, 384, 390 oulculuk 104, 193, 202, 205, 207, 228, 269, 355, 357, 360, 377, 416, 483 ounlukuluk 481483 ok-kltrclk 68

DZN

541

D
damla damla akma etkisi 428 davranlk 23, 46, 95, 194 de facto otorite 174, 175 dei-toku 207, 322, 323 de jure otorite 174, 175 demokrasi dorudan demokrasi 480, 495, 517 mzakereci demokrasi 511, 517 temsil demokrasi 39, 220, 488, 495 demokrasinin ekonomik teorisi 33, 42, 48 demokrasi teorisi 485, 489 demokratik teori 475478, 490, 512, 520 demos 480 Demsetz, Harold 470 deontolojik ahlk 224 devletin ekonomik teorisi 133, 135, 140145 devletin organik teorisi 124, 146 devletsiz toplumlar 127, 128 Devlin, Patrick (Lord) 374377 Dicey, Albert V. 89, 100 dierkamlk 440, 510 dil 31 doal haklar 380, 381, 384, 391, 395402 doal hukuk 36, 78, 380, 381 doal kabiliyetler 299 doal yetenekler 57, 275, 282, 283, 289, 312318 doa ve konvansiyon 305

Dowding, Keith 165 Downs, Anthony 499, 500 Doyall, Len 272 Duncan, Graeme 475 dnmeye dayal denge 276, 284 dzeltme ilkesi 266 Dworkin, Ronald 16, 31, 65, 101106, 110, 313319, 328, 380, 404

E
eitim 69, 136, 157, 193, 268, 306309, 406, 425, 434, 441, 448, 450 Eletirel Hukuk Aratrmalar 111116 emeklilik 425, 441, 452456 emotivizm 56, 201, 231 empirisizm 46, 94, 193 Engels, Friedrich 62 epistemoloji 46, 365 Erh-Soon Tay, Alice 382 etik. Bkzahlk, ilkeler evlilik 18, 35, 321325 evrenselletirilebilirlik 202205

F
Factortame Davas 100 farkllk ilkesi 312 faydaclk 115, 213215, 219227, 244, 262, 283, 398, 400, 446 Feinberg, Joel 385, 396 frsat frsat eitlii 18, 71, 236, 279, 281, 287, 294, 302307 frsat mliyeti 310, 359, 449

542

NORMAN P. BARRY | MODERN SYASET TEORS

Finnis, John N. 76 Flew, Antony G. N. 294, 299 Frankena, William K. 247 Freeden, Michael 43, 385 Frey, Bruno 448 Frey, Raymond 419, 420 Friedman, David 155 Friedman, Milton 16, 231, 439444 Friedrich, C. J. 178, 180 Fuller, Lon 8082

H
Hailsham, Lord 508 hak ediler 258, 262, 278, 297, 309, 314 hak etme / hak edi 67, 217, 242, 251261, 274, 283, 297, 314 hak iddias 416 Hamlin, Alan 202, 211, 410 Hamowy, Ronald 343 Hare, R. M. 202204, 209 Harris, David 414, 415 Hart, H. L. A. 16, 42, 49, 82, 93, 96101, 209, 375, 386, 392, 407, 421 Harvey, David 113 Hayek, F. A. 16, 17, 24, 109, 111, 234, 258271, 291, 305, 342 hayrseverlik 389, 410, 439, 440 hayvan haklar 20, 383, 416, 419421 haz 203, 215218, 227, 422 Hegel, G. W. F. 124, 147 Held, David 475, 518, 519 Hitler, Adolf 173, 224 Hobbes, Thomas 89, 92, 127, 140, 170172, 186, 210, 332, 340, 386, 403

G
Gallie, W. B. 39 Gary (Indiana) 195, 196 Gauthier, David 210 geleneksel otorite 172 genel haklar 392 gerekilik 9296, 112, 290, 488 Gewirth, Alan 411, 414, 415 Gilligan, Carol 115 Glazer, Nathan 445 Goodin, R. E. 413, 449 Grnmez El 153, 154, 217 Graham, Kevin 475, 492

Hohfeld, Wesley 385, 389 Gray, John 38, 196, 222, 330, 355361, Holden, Brry 475 370, 436 Holmes, O. W. 93, 94 Green, David 429 Green, Leslie 177 Green, T. H. 350 g 332, 334, 344, 386, 395 g transferi 512, 514 Gney Afrika 81, 311 hukuk ahlk ve paternalizm 372 devlet ve 67, 68 doal hukuk 36, 78, 380, 381 emir teorisi 34, 76, 83, 96, 343, 398 felsefesi 75 hukuk nnde eitlik 69 hukukun stnl 71, 80, 106,

DZN

543

109111, 115, 130, 148, 164, 244, 518 zgrlk ve 374 hukuk gerekilik 92, 112 hukuk haklar 100, 115, 384, 391, 399 hukukletirilebilme 412, 413 Hume, David 24, 54, 66, 82, 121, 167, 225, 236, 242, 306, 426 Husami, Zyad 272 hrriyet. Bkzzgrlk / hrriyet

J. Bentham 446 J.J Rousseau 516 J. Schumpeter 492 J. S. Mill 494 metodolojik bireycilik ve 48 refah devleti ve 447 ve eitlik 298 nsan Haklar Evrensel Beyannmesi 383, 406 rlanda 87, 372, 481 rlanda Hkmeti Kanunu 87 istek tatmini 218, 335, 336 sve 444 igcnde cinsiyet ayrmcl 322, 325 Jasay, Anthony de 143 Johnson, Lyndon 442

-J
iebak 48 ihtiyalar hak edi 67, 242, 251261, 274, 283, 297, 314 objektif ihtiyalar 269, 271, 434 ikincil kurallar 79, 175 iktidar eliti teorileri 162, 193 iktidar hakkndaki sosyal teoriler 191 iktisad bireycilik 229, 231 iktisad g 519 iktisad haklar 404409 iktisad zgrlk 328, 361, 369371 iktisat hukuk iktisat 113 siyasal iktisat 124, 152, 228 ilk durum 276, 284 insan doas / tabiat 46, 48, 82, 116, 121, 151, 168, 190, 210, 297, 386, 431, 444, 487, 492, 494, 516, 520 demokratik teoriler 520 H.L.A. Hart 83 Hobbes 386 iktisat teorisi ve 47

K
Kamenka, Eugne 382 kamusal mallar 52, 134, 135, 178, 473 Kamu Tercihi 143, 145, 506511, 519 kamu yarar 129, 150, 217, 393, 416, 459474, 482, 484, 492507, 515, 519 kan tedariki 447 Kant, Immanuel 24, 122, 227, 251 kapitalizm 16, 5862, 65, 81, 152, 155, 264, 286, 351, 428 karizmatik otorite 172, 173 katlm 477482, 485, 488, 491, 510, 514, 517 katlmc demokrasi 515, 518 kendine hkim olma 348, 353 Kennedy, Duncan 113

544

NORMAN P. BARRY | MODERN SYASET TEORS

kkrtc tanmlar 34 kirlilik 138, 144, 195, 196, 471 Kirzner, Israel 264, 311 kiisel ahlk 375 klsik liberalizm. Bkzliberal bireycilik kolektif kurumlar 53, 54 kolektif refah 227, 435, 450, 460, 474 kolektif tercih 21, 473, 474, 497, 498, 504. Ayrca bkzkamu yarar Arrow problemi 498, 504 snrl devlet 125, 154, 382, 472, 520 kolektivizm 58, 61, 152, 156, 431 komnizm 59, 62, 111, 230 koordinasyonun kurallar 260 korumaclk 465, 468 kurallarn iselletirilmesi 50, 179 kuaklar aras szleme 454, 455 Kuzey rlanda 87, 131, 481, 500 krtaj 57, 105, 405

Littlechild, Stephen 189 Lively, Jack 475 Lloyd, Dennis 94 Locke, John 24, 125, 210, 233, 260, 342, 380, 394 Lomasky, Loren 509, 510 Lucas, J. R. 160, 247, 266, 514 Lukes, Steven 161, 164, 194196 Lyons, David 224

M
Macaulay, T. B. 495 MacCallum, Gerald 345 Machiavelli, Niccol 163, 427 MacIntyre, Alasdair 31, 65, 66, 69, 403 Mackinnon, Catharine A. 72 Macpherson, C. B. 512514 Mahkmlarn kilemi 53, 138141, 150, 179, 213, 503, 508 Mandeville, Bernard 427, 446 Marcuse, Herbert 350, 351 Marksizm 58, 62, 64, 113, 272, 398 gerilemesi 58 Marx, Karl 24, 32, 5862, 152, 191, 352, 361, 401, 425 Mead, Lawrence 443, 444 Meisel, James 486, 487 meritokrasi / liyakt sistemi 17, 242, 254, 265, 484 merkezleme devlet otoritersinin merkezlemesi 129, 131 iktidarn merkezlemesi 192 merkez plnlamal ekonomiler 60, 261, 371

L
Le Grand, Julian 413, 449 Lesser, H. 39 liberal bireycilik 43, 55, 61, 291, 381, 461, 472 liberal demokrasi 229, 354, 370, 475, 482, 504 liberalizm 43, 5456, 61, 66, 69, 208, 229, 236, 436, 472 Amerikan liberalizmi 290 eitliki liberalizm 66 klsik liberalizm 15, 2426, 55, 61, 148, 166, 254, 356, 434443, 461, 469, 472 siyas liberalizm 43, 55, 436

DZN

545

meta-etik teoriler 209, 214 metafizik 85, 92, 120, 190, 215, 220, 229, 347, 384, 398, 460, 463 Michels, Robert 488, 489, 517 Miller, David 34, 151, 256, 316, 511 Mill, James 347, 493, 494, 495, 496 Mill, John Stuart 71, 214, 222, 290, 347, 359376, 446, 482, 494496, 511, 516 Mills, C. Wright 192, 193 minimal devlet 154 monizm 352 Mosca, Gaetano 192, 486, 487, 488, 489, 508, 517 muhafazakrlk 55, 65, 229 Mulhall, Stephen 65 Murray, Charles 442444 mutlak haklar 396, 405 mbadele 49, 71, 97, 134, 140, 143, 157, 168, 188, 190, 229, 232, 245, 254, 260, 263267, 281, 310, 319, 340, 350, 369, 393, 396, 429, 512 meyyideler 34, 50, 76, 8385, 88, 91, 127, 166, 170, 184188, 216, 331, 339, 399 mkemmeliyetilik 356 mlkiyet haklar 49, 78, 109, 139, 143145, 153, 189, 196, 226, 229, 234, 242, 250, 257, 260, 264, 304, 394, 469472, 475

Niskanen, William A. 507 nominalizm 38, 161 nomotetik kanunlar 40 normatif nermeler 30, 51 Nozick, Robert 16, 24, 31, 153, 262, 263267, 271, 289, 316, 380, 403

O-
OConnor, D. J. 79 Okin, Susan Moller 321325 Okun, A. M. 294 oligarinin tun kanunu 489, 517 olmas gerekenin olabilirlii ima etmek 408 Olson, Mancur 468 Oppenheim, Felix E. 328, 463, 473, 474 ortak insanlk 301 ortak mallarn trajedisi 470 otorite 16, 35, 51, 9092, 98, 106, 120, 130, 146150, 153, 159162, 167184, 197, 259, 271, 311, 331, 342, 360, 381, 408, 478 geleneksel 172 karizmatik 173 rasyonel-hukuk 172 otoriteryanizm 181 oy vermenin ifade edici ilevi 509 oy verme paradoksu 496, 498 devler haklar ve devler 72, 243, 399, 511 sosyal devler 414, 432, 443 dev-ykleyen kurallar 87 ncelik kural 208, 279, 283, 394

N
Negatif Gelir Vergisi 442 Nelson, William N. 475 Ng, Yew-Kwang 134

546

NORMAN P. BARRY | MODERN SYASET TEORS

rgtlenme zgrl 383 rten mutabakat 290 tenazi 397, 398 zclk 32 zel ahlk 374 zel haklar 18, 110, 392, 470 zel haklar 421 zel sigorta 431, 450 zel ve kamusal 148, 372, 464, 472 zerklik 18, 19, 56, 65, 67, 71, 95, 113, 122, 190, 265, 319, 353361, 370, 388391, 398, 407, 419, 437, 518 zgrlk / hrriyet basn zgrl 339 din zgrl 20, 280 ifade zgrl 20, 57, 280, 335, 351, 354, 365369, 383, 394 negatif zgrlk 347350, 354358, 360 otorite ve 331, 335, 342, 352, 380, 408 pozitif zgrlk 18, 348357 seyahat zgrl 20, 331 szleme zgrl 190, 350 tercih zgrl 164, 169, 183, 187, 230, 272

parti rekabeti 474, 493, 499502 Pateman, Carole 514 paternalizm 269, 302, 364, 375, 433, 441, 453 patriari 72, 73 paylalan anlamlar 231, 272, 273 Peacock, A. 233 Pennock, J. R. 475 Peters, R. 174 Pettit, Philip 138, 511 Phelps Brown, H. 320 Pigou, Arthur Cecil 135 piyasa baarszl 143, 234, 439, 451 bireycilii 229, 233, 272 ekonomisi 69, 134, 153, 188, 190, 200, 255, 257, 266, 294, 311, 387, 405, 428, 467 Piyasa ve Refah 437 piyasa verimlilii 467 Plamenatz, J. P. 490 Plant, Raymond 39, 270, 410 Platon 30, 32, 303 Polsby, Nelson W. 193 Ponting, Clive 120 Popper, Karl R. 32, 36 pornografi 369 Posner, R. A. 110, 111 pozitif hukuk 57, 76, 90, 380, 386, 389 pozitivizm 30, 59, 78, 80, 94, 101, 114, 201, 209 psikolojik bask 184, 332 Quebec 69

P-Q
Paine, Thomas 428 Pareto-optimalitesi kriteri 134 Pareto, Vilfredo 134137, 192, 232234, 281, 438, 486489, 497, 508, 517 parlamento egemenlii 98100, 175, 385 Parry, Geraint 514

DZN

547

R
radikal hukuk doktrinleri 111 rant 156, 313317, 446 Raphael, D. D. 382 rasyonel-hukuk otorite 172 Rawls, John 17, 24, 31, 203213, 245249, 274, 275291, 295, 312315, 436, 455, 511 Raz, Joseph 31, 356361 Rees, C. J. 305 refah devleti 61, 125, 229, 271, 350, 409, 413415, 426, 429 450, 456, 513 reklam 187, 188 rza 171, 258, 373, 395 Robinson, R. 450 Rothbard, Murray 155 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 210, 304, 305, 349, 352, 479, 485, 515 Rowley, Charles 233, 504

Sidgwick, Henry 223, 347, 348 Singer, Peter 417, 421, 422 sivil toplum 69, 73, 124, 156, 157, 401, 425, 429, 432, 435, 444, 519 ve refah 429, 444 siyasal katlma 280 siyas kurallar 51, 370, 413 siyas zgrlk 338, 512 Smart, J. J. C. 224 Smith, Adam 138, 139, 217, 243, 426 Sorauf, F. 461 sosyal kontrol 88, 93, 106 sosyal dev 414, 432, 443 sosyal sigorta 426, 431435, 444, 450, 453, 454 Sovyetler Birlii 58, 402, 406 szlemecilik 31, 210212 Spencer, Herbert 94, 254, 347 Stalin, Josef 224, 402 Steiner, H. 340 stek tatmini 207, 222, 278, 462 Sugden, R. 141 sbjektivizm 65, 112, 113, 230232, 273, 433, 434 Swift, A. 65 Szasz, Thomas 391 irketler, byk 70

S-
salk hizmeti 436, 449452 Sandel, Michael 70, 518 Sartori, Giovanni 475, 477, 489 Schumpeter, Joseph 20, 489492, 503, 504 Scruton, Roger 65, 147 Sen, Amartya 213, 227, 267, 313 serbest piyasa 15, 71, 149, 200, 266, 310, 319 snrlar, coraf 129 snrl devlet 125, 128, 154, 382, 472, 506, 520

T
Tahl Kanunlar 465 tl yasama organlar 87 tanma kural 97103, 106 tarafszlk 38, 203, 216, 237, 302

548

NORMAN P. BARRY | MODERN SYASET TEORS

tarihselcilik 168 Tawney, R. H. 293, 294, 311 Taylor, Charles 69, 157, 354, 360 Taylor-Gooby, P. 39 Taylor, J 71 Taylor, J. 69, 157, 354, 360 tek zirveli tercih sralamalar 498 temel kural 55, 103, 128, 278 tercih kolektif tercih 473, 497, 504, 511, 514 zgrlk ve 122, 397 Titmuss, R. M. 350, 448 toplum felsefesi 75 Trakman, L. 142 Tuck, Richard 403 Tullock, Gordon 504507 tmdengelim 168, 203, 276, 494

uyuturucu 329, 349, 350, 376

W
Walzer, Michael 31, 272274, 436 Weber, Max 172174 West, Robin 115 Whynes, D. 134 Williams, Bernard 213, 224, 227, 300 Wolfenden Raporu 372, 374 Wolff, R. P. 122 Wollstonecraft, Mary 71

Y
Yoksulluk Kanunu 429431 Young, Michael 307 ykmllkler 92, 147, 148, 211, 323, 390, 399, 402, 454

U
ultraminimal devlet 154 Ulusal Salk Hizmeti 449 Usher, P. 503

Z
zarar ilkesi 367, 373 zihinsel hastalk 391 zorunluluklar 68, 83