2 _ 4R_ Z 2_

1 __
R 2 jzj __ 2 d_ = 8_ R2 (R 2 jzj)2 Letting R ! 1, we conclude that jf0(z)j _ 8_. Since z 2 C was arbitrary, we conclude that jf0(z)j 8_ 8z 2 C. Since _ > 0 was arbitrary, we conclude that f0(z) = 0, which shows that f is constant.

4.6.5 Exercise 1
Let f : C ! C be an entire holomorphic function satisfying f(R) _ R and f(i _ R) _ i _ R. Since f(R) _ R, f(z) f(z) vanishes on the real axis. By the limit-point uniqueness theorem that f(z) = f(z) 8z 2 C Since f(iR) _ iR, f(z)+f( z) vanishes on the imaginary axis. By the limit-point uniqueness theorem that f(z) = f( z) 8z 2 C Combining these two results, we have f(z) = f( z) = f( z) = f( z) 8z 2 C

4.6.5 Exercise 3
Let f : D ! C be holomorphic and satisfy jf(z)j = 1 8 jzj = 1. Let _ : C [ f1g ! C [ f1g be the linear fractional transformation _(z) = z i z+i Consider the function g = _ 1 _ f _ _ : H+ ! C. By the maximum modulus principle, jf(z)j _ 1 8 jzj _ 1. Hence, g : H+ ! H+ . Since jf(z)j = 1 8 jzj = 1, _ 1(f(z)) 2 R 8 jzj = 1. Hence, ~ f(R) _ R. By the Schwarz Reection Principle, g extends to an entire function g : C ! C satisfying g(z) = g(z). De_ne ~ f = _ _ g _ _ 1: C ! C Then ~ f is meromorphic in C since _ has a pole at z = i and _ 1 has a pole at z = 1. In particular, ~ f has _nitely many poles. We proved in Problem Set 1 (Ahlfors Section 4.3.2 Exercise 4) that a function meromorphic in the extended complex plane is a rational function, so we need to verify that ~ f doesn't have an essential singularity at 1. But in a neighborhood of 0, ~f _ 1 z _ =__g _ i 1+1
z

1
z

_ =__g _ i z+1

z 1 _ which is evidently a meromorphic function. Alternatively, we note that 8 jzj _ 1, ___ ~ f(z) ___ _ 1 since g maps H onto H . So the image of ~ f in a suitable neighborhood of 1 is not dense in C. The Casorati-Weierstrass theorem then tells us that ~ f cannot have an essential singularity at 1. 13

Chapter 5 - Series and Product Developments

Power Series Expansions
5.1.1 Exercise 2
We know that in the region = fz : Re(z) > 1g ; _(z) exists since ____ 1 nz ____ = 1 nRe(z) __ nIm(z)i __ = 1 nRe(z) __ elog(n)Im(z)i __ = 1 nRe(z) and therefore P1
n=1

__
1 nz

__ is a convergent harmonic series; absolute convergence implies convergence by completeness. De_ne _N(z) = PN
n=1 1 nz . Clearly, _N is the sum of holomorphic functions on the region . I claim that (_N)N2N converge uniformly to _ on any compact subset K _ . Since K is compact and z 7! Re(z) is continuous, by Weierstrass's Extreme Value Theorem 9z0 2 K such that Re(z0) = infz2K Re(z). In particular, Re(z0) > 1 since z0 2 . Hence, ____ 1

nz ____ _ 1 nRe(z) _ 1 nRe(z0) . So by the Triangle Inequality, 8z 2 ; _____ XN

n=1

1 nz _____ _ XN
n=1

____ 1 nz ____ _ XN
n=1

1 nRe(z0) < 1X
n=1

1 nRe(z0) < 1 By Weierstrass's M-test, we attain that _n ! _ uniformly on K. Therefore by Weierstrass's theorem, _ is holomorphic in and _0(z) = lim
N!1

_0 N (z) = lim
N!1

XN
n=1

log(n)e
N!1

log(n)z =

lim

XN
n=1

log(n) nz = 1X
n=1

log(n) nz Section 5.1.1 Exercise 3 Lemma 2. Set an = ( 1)n+1. If P1

n=1 an nz converges for some z0. Then P1 n=1 an nz converges

uniformly on

8z 2 C with Re(z) _ Re(z0). Proof. If P1

n=1 an nz0 conveges, there exists an M > 0 which bounds the partial sums. Let m _ N 2 N. Using summation by parts, we may write XN n=m

an nz = XN
n=m

an nz0 1 nz z0 = 1 Nz z0 mX 1
n=1

an nz0
NX 1 n=m

Xn
k=1

ak kz0 !_ 1 (n + 1)z

z0

1 nz z0 _ Hence, _____ XN
n=m

an nz _____ _M 1 jNz z0 j +M 1 jnz z0 j +M NX 1

n=m

____ 1 (n + 1)z 1

z0

nz z0 ____ Observe that ____ 1 (n + 1)z z0 1 nz z0 ____ = ___ e log(n+1)(z ___ = _____ 1 z z0 Z log(n+1)
log(n)

z0)

log(n)(z z0)

e t(z z0)dt _____ 14 _ 1 jz z0j Z log(n+1)

log(n)

e t(Re(z) Re(z0))dt = jRe(z) Re(z0)j jz z0j ___ e log(n+1)(Re(z) Re(z0)) ___ _ e log(n)(Re(z) Re(z0)) 1 nRe(z) Re(z0)

e e

log(n)(Re(z) Re(z0)) log(n+1)(Re(z) Re(z0)) =

1 (n + 1)Re(z) Re(z0) Since this last expression is telescoping as the summation ranges over n, we have that _____ XN
n=m

an nz _____ _ M NRe(z) Re(z0) + M mRe(z) Re(z0) +M ____ 1 NRe(z) Re(z0) 1

mRe(z) Re(z0) ____ _ 2M mRe(z) Re(z0) + M mRe(z) Re(z0) ____ _m N _Re(z) Re(z0)